1387:
York Herald followed in 1794 after the accidental death of its incumbent. Further appointments as King of Arms to the Royal
Guelphic Order and the Order of St Michael and St George (1815 and 1818 respectively) followed before he became Clarenceux King of Arms in 1820 and served as deputy Garter at George IV's coronation in 1821. As Garter, he continued to run a large practice at the College and conducted missions to France, Denmark, Russia and Portugal. Much of his earlier heraldic career involved disputes with the other heralds about his sole right to record pedigrees of the Knight of the Bath; despite objections, he compiled 47 volumes, which are now in the college's possession. He also worked on a history of George IV's coronation, which was only partially published in his lifetime, and a manuscript history of the Order of the Bath, also owned by the college.
1337:
Scotland and supplied cheese to the allied armies during the War of the
Austrian Succession; it was on these travels that he began noting down memorial inscriptions, a pursuit to which he would devote his life. He compiled a huge collection of inscriptions relating to Gloucestershire, where he travelled extensively from 1750 onwards. These interests brought him to the college, where he was appointed Bluemantle Pursuivant in 1757 and promoted to Somerset Herald in 1759, Norroy in 1773 and Clarenceux in 1774. A competent and methodical genealogist and draughtsman, he took a particular interest in parish registers and campaigned for their indexing and the inclusion of greater detail in them. After his death, the majority of his Gloucestershire notes and transcriptions were published, although a number remained in manuscript form until the 1990s.
366:
1217:, a defence of the Earl Marshal's jurisdiction in the Court of Chivalry. In 1702 he was elected to Parliament for St Germains and tended to follow the Tory line, but declined to stand in 1705. He was nominated as Carlisle Pursuivant Extraordinary and Norfolk Herald in 1707, was re-elected to Parliament in 1711, appointed Keeper of the Record in 1712 and received a reversionary patent for Garter's office in 1714. He duly claimed Garter after St George's death, although John Vanbrugh was nominated instead and Anstis was then in prison as a suspected Jacobite. After a lengthy legal debate, he was confirmed as Garter on 20 April 1718, took his oath in April the next year and went on to oversee George II's coronation in 1727. His son John was jointly Garter with him from 1727.
250:'s registers) makes mention of his children. Reference is made to his son William, variously called "Gien", "Gyen" and "Gartere", and William's wife, called "Agnes Garter". The other register entries around the voluntas date to 1418 and 1419, so E. F. Jacob, the editor of a printed version of the register, suggests that the references to Garter may be a later gloss. But, Stanford London argued that later annotations would be consistent and refer to him as either Garter and Guyenne or simply Garter throughout, while Agnes would not have been called just Garter if it were a gloss. Instead, he suggests that Richard forgot to call his newly appointed son Garter at first and later included it alongside his old title in the will.
1085:) and served on committees to regulate the heralds in 1641 and 1645. Parliament confirmed him as Garter on 20 October 1646 and as Clarenceux King of Arms in 1650. Although he resigned from the latter eight years later, he was re-appointed in 1661, shortly after he was deposed as Garter during the Restoration. According to Godfrey and Wagner, he was a good armourist; however, his visitations provide only brief accounts of the families concerned, and he neglected his duties, both parliamentary and heraldic, from the 1660s. Despite these failings, he had ensured that the college and its records remained open during the Interregnum, much to the benefit of antiquaries, including his colleague Sir William Dugdale.
338:
1487:
1880s, but old age forced him to delegate his duties during Queen
Victoria's funeral and Edward VII's coronation. He maintained a veto over heraldic matters and, in his old age, he refused to retire, guarding his increasingly sluggish practice; the delay this caused in administering orders of chivalry led to the establishment of the Central Chancery of Orders of Knighthood in 1904. He had an "unrivalled knowledge" of ceremonies and a shrewd business sense, but was not a scholar and was described by Wagner and Godfrey as a "deplorable" armorist who was determined that Victorian grants of arms should be distinct and never include simple coats of arms.
390:
402:
1268:, he joined the College as Lancaster in 1727 and was promoted to Norroy in 1729 and Clarenceux in 1741. Leake was less interested in genealogy than in the rights and history of the heralds; he petitioned for the college to have a monopoly on the researching of arms and unsuccessfully tried to revive the visitations, a proposal which Anstis and the government opposed. He also opened the college's register for Dissenting and Jewish births and carried out two Garter missions. On his death, his collections passed to his brother, and they were eventually bought by the college.
1601:, where he lived for many years. Educated at King's College London, he was later admitted to the Inner Temple as a barrister. His first appointment at the college was in May 1911 as Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary and he attended the Prince of Wales' investiture that year. He was promoted to Rouge Dragon Pursuivant that October, followed by Windsor Herald in 1919 and Norroy King of Arms in 1931, to which was added Ulster King of Arms in 1943. After he resigned as Garter, he served as Extra Gentleman Usher to the Queen from 1952 till his death, aged 89, in 1970.
3553:
3905:
415:
102:
29:
354:
1567:
VII. Appointments to
Bluemantle Pursuivant (1906), Richmond Herald (1919), and Norroy King of Arms (1928) followed. Having served as Henry Farnham Burke's deputy for a year, he succeeded him as Garter and oversaw the coronation of George VI; his experience and knowledge of ceremonial proved useful in assisting the young Earl Marshal. Earlier in his career, he was often called on to counsel in Peerage cases. A "most painstaking and skilled herald with special bent to ceremonial", he published
831:. His father also tutored him and secured his appointment as Rouge Croix Pursuivant in 1567; he succeeded him as Garter and bribed the signet clerks to include a clause in his patent allowing him to make visitations, arousing tension with the provincial kings. A new patent was eventually regranted, removing the rights, but Dethick garnered controversy for verifying false pedigrees, his poor behaviour and quarrelling with fellow heralds. He had treasonously supported the marriage proposal of
669:
1652:
helped to draw up guidelines on listing buildings. He was promoted to
Richmond in 1943 and left the civil service for the college in 1946. As Garter, Wagner oversaw the funeral of Sir Winston Churchill and the investiture of the Prince of Wales, and was the first director of the Heralds' Museum; after retiring as Garter, he served as Clarenceux until his death in 1995. A leading genealogist and historian of the college, Wagner published a number of important books on the topics, including
1522:
1496:
703:
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1250:
1277:
1174:
1135:
1094:
944:
814:
753:
1638:
1785:
1610:
1446:
1419:
1396:
1373:
1041:
991:
1580:
1473:
890:
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1708:
1346:
378:
1364:, before a promotion to Clarenceux in 1780; he served as Earl Marshal's Secretary (1782–84) and resigned as Brunswick in 1814. Heard was a proponent of the landscape heraldry which proved popular in the late Georgian period, and, inspired by his earlier travels, took a precocious interest in American genealogy. As a long-serving herald, his genealogical practice was large and much of his manuscript collection ended up in the college.
1677:
452:
1323:
1300:
852:
1226:
1198:
611:
544:
509:
881:, tricked him into confirming a false coat of arms to a pretend gentleman in 1616; James I had them both imprisoned for several days. Segar authored at least 13 manuscript and printed works, and has been described as a "conscientious herald and a formidable scholar", but like many of his contemporaries, "he authorized many pedigrees giving most improbable descents from fabulous ancestors".
1464:, Young was an expert on matters of precedence, a prolific genealogist (especially relating to peerage claims) and a competent businessman, whose service as Registrar of the college (1822–1842) and then Garter safeguarded its finances; he also oversaw the construction of its new record room, which now contains most of his books and papers, amounting to 922 volumes.
1433:
Knights
Commander and Companions of the Order of the Bath in 1815 and then Registrar of the Royal Guelphic Order later that year. He tried for Ross Herald in Scotland in 1816, but his first heraldic appointment was as Bluemantle Pursuivant in 1819; promotions to Norfolk Herald (1825; held jointly with Bluemantle), Clarenceux King of Arms (1831) and deputy Garter (
1126:, "the scale of his operations was greater than any previous endeavour, and its achievements were astonishing". Dugdale had been Blanch Lyon, Rouge Croix, Chester and Norroy before his Gartership and created, donated or contributed to a number of valuable heraldic and genealogical records at the college, in addition to the ten visitations he personally conducted.
740:. 1517), before being appointed Richmond Herald at the college in 1522 and Norroy in June 1536. He was attached to foreign missions between 1514 and 1544, the early instances with the Duke of Suffolk and later including work with the English embassy in Spain and at the peace talks at Cambrai in 1529. He also oversaw the funeral of Henry VIII and the coronation of
656:. Otherwise, he concerned himself with domestic matters including the funeral of Henry VII, the coronation of Henry VIII and the Westminster Tournament of 1511. He also effectively monopolised the granting of arms and was allowed to carry out visitations, although another herald was permitted to conduct them independently in 1530. Wriothesley's workshop produced
3427:
401:
365:
1028:. Walker controversially granted arms without reference to the provincial kings of arms and tried to unify their offices with his; he also clashed with the Earl Marshal, who forced the Kings of Arms to jointly issue grants from 1673. After his death, many of his collections came to the college; his account of
318:, since his appointment as Garter totalled £651,515. Additionally, since 2018, the Treasury has provided Garter with an expenses fund of £35,000 per annum to cover business expenses such as secretarial support, cleaning and postage. As of 27 January 2021, Garter has received £74,579.02 to cover expenses.
1540:
age, Burke did much of the work for the coronation of Edward VII, a task made difficult by the long reign of
Victoria; he was duly recognised with the CVO. Described by Wagner and Godfrey as an "able genealogist", he was also an authority on armorial china and oversaw corrections to many of the errors in
1881:
Godfrey and Wagner date the foundation to shortly before 4 July 1415 and give a date of c. 30 June 1415, but this date is based on a description of him as Garter in a copy of his father's will. Ailes states that this could be a retrospective gloss because the register in which the will is found dates
1628:
called him the equivalent of a chief staff officer during arrangements for the funeral of George VI and the
Coronation of Elizabeth II; under the Earl Marshal, he was responsible organising the ceremonies and was knighted in recognition of this work. After a long retirement, spent at his Dower House,
1539:
series. Although educated at
Trinity College, Dublin, he did not take a degree. He trained for the Bar examination but instead entered the College as Rouge Croix Pursuivant in 1880; a promotion to Somerset Herald followed in 1887 and he became Norroy King of Arms in 1911. During Sir Albert Wood's old
1409:
Bigland was born on 1 May 1757, the son of Joseph Owen of
Salford, Lancashire, but changed his surname in 1774 at the desire of his maternal uncle, Ralph Bigland, Garter. That year, he became Rouge Dragon Pursuivant and was appointed Richmond Herald in 1780. Promotions to Norroy (1803) and Clarenceux
1240:
The seventh son of John Anstis, Garter, the younger Anstis was educated privately before matriculating at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in 1725. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed genealogist to the Order of the Bath and he joined the College two years later as Blanc Coursier Herald. From 1727 he
1744:
The son of a Royal Artillery officer, Gwynn-Jones was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, before working as an insurance broker in London. He joined the College as an assistant to Colin Cole in 1967 and later worked for Sir Anthony Wagner before being appointed Bluemantle in 1973. A promotion to
1623:
Born into the Irish peerage, Bellew was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and served in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve during the Second World War, attaining the rank of Squadron Leader. He served as Portcullis (1922–27) and then Somerset before his appointment as Garter; in the meantime, he
1486:
The illegitimate son of William Woods, Garter, he worked in his father's practice before his first heraldic appointment as Fitzalan in 1837. Portcullis followed a year later, before Norfolk, Lancaster and Brunswick, all in 1841. He took part in Garter missions to foreign states from the 1860s to the
1432:
By tradition, Woods was reputed the son of the 11th Duke of Norfolk, but he bore the arms matriculated in 1812 in Scotland by one George Woods, a tailor of London and brother to a comedian called William. Whatever the case, details of his early life are also sparse. He was appointed Secretary to the
1313:
A native of Derbyshire, Browne was a land surveyor who was said to have worked for the Duke of Norfolk and converted his favour into heraldic appointments; the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography records that he carried out works for John Warburton, Somerset Herald. He was successively appointed
1212:
Anstis was the son of the registrar of the archdeaconry of Cornwall. Educated at Exeter College, Oxford, he entered the Middle Temple in 1690 and became high steward of Cornish tinners two years later; he was called to the Bar in 1699 and conducted work for the House of Commons in 1701. He published
1107:
The son of a Warwickshire clergyman, Dugdale was privately educated before attending a free school in Coventry and never went to university. His earliest antiquarian works were concerned with his native county, where, inspired and helped by other antiquaries, he collected material for a history. His
1721:
Swan was a native of Canada and the son of an officer in the Royal Canadian Medical Corps. He was educated at the Universities of Western Ontario and Cambridge and served in Europe and India during the Second World War. He was appointed to the college in 1962 as Rouge Dragon. York followed in 1968.
1690:
Cole was educated at Cambridge and Oxford Universities before serving in the Second World War. In 1949 he was called to the Bar, but a later interest in the Court of Chivalry introduced him to the college. He was appointed Fitzalan and then Portcullis (1957), followed by Windsor in 1966. As Garter,
1459:
Born in Lambeth, Young was the son of a surgeon and, through his mother, an illegitimate grandchild of the 11th Duke of Norfolk. After studying at Charterhouse, he entered the College as Rouge Dragon Pursuivant in 1813 and was promoted to York Herald in 1820. He took part in ten Garter missions and
1386:
The son of a Gloucestershire surgeon, Nayler practised as a miniature painter before buying his way into the offices of Blanc Coursier Herald and Genealogist of the Order of the Bath in 1792. He used the same means to obtain a place in the College as Bluemantle Pursuivant a year later; promotion to
1263:
Leake was born Stephen Martin, the son of a naval officer from Essex; his maternal uncle, Admiral Sir John Leake, left his estate to Martin's parents on the condition that they adopt his surname, which they did in 1721. Despite this and work at the Navy Office, the family lost out in the South Seas
1020:
against the Scots in 1639 and, a royalist, he attended Charles I during the Civil War, serving in a number of posts, including Secretary for War. After the royalist defeats at Naseby, Newark and Oxford, Walker went to France but returned as Charles I's chief secretary during the failed negotiations
269:
He may be said to have two distinct capacities united in his person, one relative to the Order of the Garter, the other as head of the College of Arms, and on this account he not only takes an oath in a chapter of the Garter, before the Sovereign and Knights, but as king at arms another oath before
1767:
Woodcock was educated at Durham University and Darwin College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar in 1975, but started work as a research assistant to Sir Anthony Wagner that year. He was appointed Rouge Croix in 1978, Somerset in 1982 and Norroy and Ulster in 1997. He has co-authored a number of
1336:
Bigland was the son of a Middlesex tallow chandler whose ancestors have been traced to Westmorland and Lancashire. He was apprenticed to a cheesemonger in 1728 and, after 9 years service, he entered his own trade and carried out his practice for over 20 years. He travelled to the Low Countries and
277:
He has power to appoint a herald for his deputy: he must be a native of England and a gentleman bearing arms. It was anciently held that he was to be neither a knight nor a clergyman; but there has been one instance of a Garter having been a foreigner; and since the reign of Henry VII many of them
241:
protecting Bruges while he travelled abroad with the king. Anstis then outlines two further pieces of evidence: (1) an instrument of 1422 or 1423 by which Bruges settled pension arrangements with the knights in which it is stated that he was appointed Garter at a previous full chapter meeting, and
1566:
A grandson of Sir Albert William Woods, Wollaston was educated at Harrow and then Trinity College, Cambridge, whence he graduated in 1893 with a law degree. He was called to the Bar in 1899, but joined the College three years later as Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary for the coronation of Edward
1290:
Born at Tower Hill in London, Townley was the son of a merchant and educated at the Merchant Taylors' School from 1727. He bought his appointment as York Herald in 1735; he was promoted to Norroy in 1751 and Clarenceux in 1755, but, according to his predecessor Stephen Martin Leake, he received a
1188:
The eighth son of Sir Henry St George, Garter, Henry the younger became Garter after appointments as Richmond (1660), Norroy (1677) and Clarenceux (1680). He was remembered by contemporaries as "a timorous animal" and "incommunicative, sordid and of little learning", but he visited 12 counties as
245:
This was accepted until Hugh Stanford London published evidence which appeared to date Bruges' appointment two years earlier than Anstis suggested. William Bruges' father, Richard, left a will dated 4 July 1415 and split into two parts: a testament dealing with his burial, charitable bequests and
1651:
Wagner was the son of a schoolmaster and a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford. His first appointment at the college was as Portcullis in 1931, but the Second World War interrupted this. He served in War Office and then the Ministry of Town and County Planning; a keen architectural historian, he
1359:
A native of Devon, Heard was educated at Honiton Grammar School before serving in the Royal Navy between 1745 and 1751. He then embarked on a career as a merchant: first in Bilbao, Spain, and then in London. An appointment as Bluemantle Pursuivant followed in 1759, with a promotion to Lancaster
526:
and was possibly a lawyer. He married a daughter of William Bruges, Garter, and may have been the Guyenne King of Arms mentioned in 1444 and sent on diplomatic duties in 1449; he was certainly Guyenne by the time he was appointed Garter. Smert was employed on a number of diplomatic missions,
389:
1189:
Clarenceux and donated the profits from six towards the rebuilding of the college after the Great Fire of London. His manuscript collection was sold after his death and later sold again at auction; some have returned to the college, but most remain scattered in collections.
337:
1108:
talents earned him the respect of leading antiquarians, including Sir Henry Spelman, and as the Civil War developed, Dugdale travelled around England recording records, coats of arms and inscriptions in English cathedrals and churches. This work culminated in
414:
1314:
Blanch Lyon (1727), Bluemantle (1737), Lancaster (1744), Norroy (1761) and Clarenceux (1773) before his appointment as Garter. Despite his success as a surveyor, he was reputed to have known little of heraldry and neglected his duties at the college.
2039:
Begent 1995, pp. 136–138. Stanford London also highlights a later account of how Bruges as Garter hosted Emperor Sigismund in 1416; Begent argues that Bruges, a wealthy man, could have done so as the informal senior herald before his appointment as
242:(2) a decree by the Duke of Clarence dated either 3 or 13 September 1417 which mentions "Garretier Roy d'armes des Anghis" As Henry V left for France on 27 July 1417, it can be deduced that Bruges must have been appointed in late July of that year.
257:
in records between 1415 and 1417, which is problematic for Stanford London's position. He argues that it is entirely possible that, if not a gloss, the voluntas was edited after 1415 as Richard Bruges included more bequests to his family.
1021:
at Newport. After the King's execution, he travelled with Charles II in exile, who confirmed him as Garter in 1650. At the Restoration (1660), he displaced Sir Edward Bysshe, who had "intruded" in the office of Garter since
1291:
large fortune around 1755 and neglected his heraldic duties thereafter. He was nonetheless knighted in 1761. A number of his collections are in the possession of the college, including transcribed memorial inscriptions.
246:
legacies to his wife, and a voluntas, which dealt with personal bequests. Although the testament (recorded in the London registry) makes no mention of anyone other than Richard's wife, the voluntas (copied in Archbishop
1241:
was jointly Garter with his father until the latter's death on 4 March 1744, after which he served alone. He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and received an LLD degree from Oxford University in 1749.
407:
Although briefly Garter between 1780 and 1784, Ralph Bigland was a late starter and quick riser, beginning his adult life as a cheesemonger. He is best remembered for his enormous collection of Gloucestershire memorial
1164:
as his deputy on all the other missions he should have made. He inherited his father's manuscript collections, and Peter Le Neve purchased his papers; they are now scattered, with a number in the British Library.
843:. His critics and enemies put enough pressure on the King, however, for Dethick to be dismissed in 1604; although defiant, he backed down and accepted an annuity two years later, before dying in 1612.
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931:
on his trip to Scotland in 1633 and was ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor in 1636. Despite being highly regarded in his lifetime for his antiquarian knowledge, Borough wrote only one book:
314:
In addition to the official annual salary paid by the Crown of £49.07, HM Treasury pays Garter King of Arms for work undertaken for the Government. As of 27 January 2021, the payments made to
395:
Stephen Martin Leake, a noted numismatist, served as Garter for over 18 years (1754–73). Interested in heralds' privileges, he unsuccessfully campaigned for a revival of their visitations.
877:, before being appointed Deputy Garter in 1603. He was appointed Garter in January 1604, but could not obtain a patent until Dethick finally resigned in 1607. One of Segar's rivals,
186:
in central London to declare the new monarch from the deceased monarch's line. Once the new monarch has made a sacred oath before the council, Garter King of Arms steps out into the
1807:
1460:
the funerals of George III, George IV and William IV, as well as the coronations of the last two and of Queen Victoria, and the marriage of the Prince of Wales. According to the
1668:, alongside several catalogues of the college's manuscript collection; in 1957, Oxford University awarded him the degree of DLitt and he was twice knighted, as KCB and KCVO.
371:
Sir William Dugdale, one of England's leading antiquaries, was Garter between 1677 and his death in 1686. As a King of Arms, he conducted visitations to 10 English counties.
4253:
420:
Sir Albert Woods served as Garter for nearly 35 years, between 1869 and 1904, but old age forced him to delegate many of his Coronation duties to other heralds in 1902.
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282:. The office entitles him to the privilege of correcting errors or usurpations in all armorial bearings, to grant arms to such who deserve them, to present to the
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353:
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923:
in 1623; when Bacon fell from power, it may have been Cotton who assisted Borough in obtaining the Earl of Arundel's patronage and he entered the College as
3852:
1872:
The start date is the date of the Patent instituting them as Garter except when it is given in italics. Appointees died in office unless otherwise stated.
1148:
Sir Thomas St George was the eldest son of Henry St George, Garter, but his early life and education are obscure. He was appointed Somerset Herald at the
645:
500:. He attended the English heralds' first chapter meeting in 1421 and was responsible for drafting the first armorial of the Order of the Garter in 1430.
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978:
and was Segar's deputy on a Garter mission to Sweden in 1627. He was suspended for forging a grant of arms in 1639, but pardoned in 1640; during the
3552:
686:
in 1525. He was engaged on a number of diplomatic missions during the 1520s and 1530s to France, Italy and Austria, as well as a Garter mission to
598:, which was confirmed by a patent of 13 February 1486. Wrythe was sent on diplomatic missions to Scotland, Ireland, Brittany, Calais, Burgundy and
4258:
4248:
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1004:
Walker was a native of Somerset and entered the Office of Purveyance before he was employed by the Earl of Arundel in 1633; he was then appointed
1410:(1822) King of Arms followed and his appointment as Garter marks the last time an officer has held all three Kingships. He was knighted in 1831.
567:
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602:
of the Holy Roman Empire. He produced a "magnificent" book containing many pedigrees and drawings of arms belonging to Knights of the Garter.
4181:
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974:
followed in 1611 and Richmond Herald in 1618 before he was promoted to Norroy King of Arms in 1653. As Richmond, he travelled to France with
908:
4044:
1745:
Lancaster followed in 1983. He was a "prolific" armorist, who tried to adhere to simple, but inventive geometric designs. He died in 2010.
1071:
912:
708:
794:. Described as a "sound" genealogist, he also made 140 grants of arms as Garter and secured the college's future home at Derby Place from
4084:
4021:
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563:
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interchangeably with Guyenne. As Garter, he officiated at Henry V's funeral and was frequently occupied with diplomatic missions under
217:, the first Garter King of Arms, held the office by 1417. The exact date of his appointment is not known and no record of it survives.
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1361:
660:, the Westminster Tournament Roll and the Parliament Roll of 1512, alongside numerous pedigrees, rolls of arms and books on heraldry.
274:, and therefore he is styled both principal officer of arms of the most noble order of the Garter and principal king of English arms.
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1957:
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982:, he travelled with Charles I to Oxford and is said to have received a Doctorate in Medicine from the University there (1643).
962:, Clarenceux King of Arms, details of Henry St George's early life and education are absent. He was employed by the College in
828:
253:
Criticising this point, Peter Begent finds no reference to Bruges being called anything but Guyenne or the equivalent title of
786:
and was often sent on missions abroad as a herald. He travelled with Lord Somerset to Scotland in 1549 and was nearly shot at
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583:
304:
Argent a Cross Gules on a Chief Azure a crown enclosed in a Garter between a lion passant guardant and a fleur de lis all Or
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2076:"HM Treasury Payments to Garter King of Arms Thomas Woodcock - a Freedom of Information request to Her Majesty's Treasury"
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he oversaw substantial restoration work at the college, but he was criticised for not preventing the establishment of the
1152:
in 1660 and became Norroy King of Arms 20 years later. He served as a deputy for Sir Edward Walker on a Garter mission to
198:
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Davidson, Alan; Thrush, Andrew (2010). "Borough (Burgh, Burroughes), John (1583–1643), of Old Palace Yard, Westminster".
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three years later, before Norroy King of Arms in 1597 (patent 1602). He sided with Garter Dethick against successive
594:, who confirmed him as Garter in 1483, but he resigned on 4 January 1485. He resumed his office at the accession of
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An illuminated manuscript from around 1430 showing William Bruges, the first Garter King of Arms, kneeling before
101:
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1886:. 1420. He is known to have been Garter in September 1417 and Ailes suggests he was likely appointed that July.
865:
Segar's parentage cannot be confirmed, but he was of Dutch origin and trained as a scrivener. He was appointed
163:, with specific responsibility for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and, with the exception of Canada, for
1513:
magazine and revived the granting of heraldic badges. He served as Rouge Dragon from 1880 and York from 1886.
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1112:, a work which helped to establish the use of charters as historical evidence; his other great works include
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1976:(TNA) and the letters of protection are recorded in the Treaty Rolls under C76/100 membrane 15, also at TNA
294:, to assign his place in the chamber of parliament and to give him and the knights of the Bath supporters.
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Borough's maternal grandfather was a Brabanter, but parents lived at Sandwich in Kent. He was part of Sir
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694:(College MS Anstis 679) in 1530 and an alphabet of arms in the college's manuscript collection (MS L. 1).
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234:
3272:
721:
571:
4104:
3675:
3651:
1973:
1972:
Anstis 1742, vol. 2, p. 321. Ailes 1998, p. 239 notes that the bill of privy seal is C81/1137 no. 28 at
1149:
1029:
971:
866:
637:
1535:
Burke was a son of Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, and grandson of John Burke, who founded the
1264:
crash and Leake was forced to find employment. After joining the Society of Antiquaries and publishing
720:
in Yorkshire, and his mother from a Newcastle family called Carlill or Carlisle; one of his uncles was
1571:
in 1902, 1910 and 1936. After his Gartership, he served as Norroy and Ulster until his death in 1957.
725:
4167:
3928:
3713:
1682:
1231:
928:
832:
741:
595:
587:
187:
183:
3224:"Anstis, John (1669–1744), of West Duloe, Cornw. and Arundel Street, Norfolk Buildings, Westminster"
733:
559:
178:
On the death of the British monarch it is Garter's duty to proclaim the new monarch. Initially, the
4144:
1838:
1811:
1799:
1527:
791:
687:
653:
579:
497:
489:
481:
172:
164:
1521:
1495:
702:
4163:
3783:
1501:
774:
by Henry VIII. He may have been in royal service before his first appointment at the college, as
616:
477:
279:
266:
The Garter Principal King of Arms was placed by King Henry V over all the whole body of heralds.
230:
133:
1730:
514:
1552:
1249:
668:
476:
in 1398, making him part of the household of Henry, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (later
3725:
3701:
3599:
3248:
3049:
1953:
1926:
1736:
1276:
1173:
1134:
1093:
979:
959:
943:
813:
795:
752:
649:
179:
89:
3844:
3193:
Cooper, Thompson; Marchand, J. A. (rev.) (January 2008). "Townley, Sir Charles (1713–1774)".
1509:
A clergyman's son and graduate of Christ's College, Cambridge, Scott-Gatty was a co-owner of
4124:
3606:
3267:(Publications of the Canterbury and York Society, vol. 42). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1848:
1699:
remarked that he would "perhaps have better suited the early Hanoverians". He died in 2001.
1637:
1598:
1558:
1140:
1017:
532:
528:
302:
The official arms of the Garter Principal King of Arms were in use by around 1520. They are
145:
69:
1784:
1609:
1445:
1418:
1395:
1372:
1040:
990:
782:(1541) followed and in 1547 he became Norroy King of Arms. He was a member of the original
4191:
3991:
3687:
3618:
3570:
3477:
3066:
1843:
1594:
1579:
1472:
1099:
975:
949:
920:
889:
870:
819:
779:
758:
523:
492:
in 1415; he was entrusted with a number of diplomatic responsibilities and bore the title
156:
129:
125:
79:
3108:
Ailes, Adrian (1998). "The creation of the office of Garter king of arms: a postscript".
744:
and managed to maintain reasonably friendly relations with the provincial Kings of Arms.
3273:
A History of the College of Arms and the Lives of All the Kings, Heralds and Pursuivants
3101:
Adolph, Anthony R. J. S. (2004c). "Segar, Sir William (b. in or before 1564, d. 1633)".
1753:
1707:
1345:
3626:
3594:
3575:
1676:
1643:
1013:
840:
683:
682:
The son of Thomas Wall, Norroy, the younger Wall was appointed Rouge Croix in 1521 and
473:
457:
451:
283:
247:
214:
1322:
1299:
851:
4242:
3996:
3963:
3431:
1615:
1378:
1328:
1255:
1047:
904:
857:
222:
1120:, which have helped to solidify his legacy as a great antiquarian. According to the
522:
The parentage and origins of John Smert are not known, although he did hold land in
4134:
4129:
4074:
3986:
3529:
3503:
3488:
3305:
1828:
1585:
1478:
1225:
1197:
1161:
895:
878:
610:
543:
271:
191:
152:
121:
34:
1806:, where he obtained the degree of MA. As an undergraduate he was president of the
508:
3436:
3152:
3148:
3889:
3582:
1713:
1351:
1203:
1067:
787:
570:. A draper and citizen of London, the younger Wrythe was also said to have been
549:
218:
168:
3294:(Publications of the Harleian Society, vol. 111–112). London: Harleian Society.
3186:
Cooper, Thompson; Marchand, J. A. (rev.) (2004). "Browne, Thomas (1702–1780)".
1078:. He was a Parliamentarian who took the covenant, intruded in Garter's office (
927:
in 1623. Later that year, he was appointed Norroy King of Arms. He accompanied
827:
The second son of Sir Gilbert Dethick, Garter, William Dethick was educated at
770:
gentry, but this is unlikely; for his father was a German-born armourer made a
724:, Norroy King of Arms. He was in Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk's service as
4119:
4094:
4054:
3745:
3642:
3413:
3237:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (for the History of Parliament Trust).
3230:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (for the History of Parliament Trust).
771:
767:
226:
175:
and his seal and signature appear on all grants of arms made by the college.
4222:
4016:
3611:
1157:
1066:
The eldest son of a Surrey gentleman, Bysshe was a Member of Parliament for
717:
344:
287:
3165:
Begent, P. J. (1995). "The Creation of the Office of Garter King of Arms".
3087:
Adolph, Anthony R. J. S. (2004a). "Dethick, Sir Gilbert (1499/1500–1584)".
1360:
Herald two years later; in 1774, he was appointed Norroy King of Arms and
4026:
4011:
535:
of Burgundy in 1468 and a Garter mission to Burgundy the following year.
160:
51:
4006:
1153:
806:
Vacant between 1584 and 1586; Robert Cooke, Clarenceux, acted as Garter
558:
The ancestry of John Wrythe is not known, but he was likely the son of
291:
137:
61:
3358:
Woodcock, Thomas (January 2008b). "St George, Sir Henry (1581–1644)".
3250:
Survey of London, Monograph 16: College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street
3094:
Adolph, Anthony R. J. S. (2004b). "Dethick, Sir William (1543–1612)".
919:, who may have helped his appointment as Keeper of the Records in the
3561:
3208:. London: Secker & Warburg (for the History of Parliament Trust).
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2638:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2324:
2322:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2127:
2125:
3408:
1544:
which had attracted criticism during his predecessors' editorships.
3336:
Woodcock, Thomas (2004c). "Young, Sir Charles George (1795–1869)".
3329:
Woodcock, Thomas (2004b). "Woods, Sir Albert William (1816–1904)".
3322:
Woodcock, Thomas (2004a). "Burke, Sir (John) Bernard (1814–1892)",
3265:
The Register of Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1414–1443
155:
for the running of the college. He is the principal adviser to the
3446:
3122:
Ailes, Adrian (2004b). "Wagner, Sir Anthony Richard (1908–1995)".
141:
100:
65:
3430:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3202:"Bysshe, Edward (c.1615-79), of Smallfield Place, Burstow, Surr."
2587:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2204:
2202:
3179:
Chesshyre, Hubert (May 2011). "Walker, Sir Edward (1612–1677)".
3172:
Cheesman, C. E. A. (2004). "Leake, Stephen Martin (1702–1773)".
3848:
3450:
578:, but this is dismissed by modern scholars; he was definitely
2975:
2973:
2971:
2837:"Sir Anthony Wagner, 86, Dies; Medievalist and Senior Herald"
3903:
3372:
Yorke, Robert (2004b). "Wriothesley, Sir Thomas (d. 1534)".
3365:
Yorke, Robert (2004a). "Barker, Sir Christopher (d. 1550)".
3256:
Handley, Stuart (January 2008). "Anstis, John (1669–1744)".
1629:
Englefield Green, and the Grange, Farnham, he died in 1993.
915:(1624–26). By his first marriage, he was connected with Sir
171:
is the sovereign. He also serves as the king of arms of the
3240:
Dickinson, P. L. (Jan 2008). "Bigland, Ralph (1712–1784)".
628:
The elder of son John Wrythe, Garter, Wriothesley was made
3136:
Ailes, Adrian (January 2008). "Anstis, John (1708–1754)".
3004:
3002:
3315:
White, D. V. (May 2006). "Heard, Sir Isaac (1730–1822)".
3235:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629
3228:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690-1715
3217:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1715-1754
3206:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690
359:
Sir Edward Walker, who was Garter during the interregnum.
3420:
Constitutions of the Officers of the Order of the Garter
3219:. London: H.M.S.O (for the History of Parliament Trust).
3213:"Anstis, John (1669–1744), of West North, Duloe, Cornw."
3158:
Baron, S. A. (May 2011). "Borough, Sir John (d. 1643)".
3115:
Ailes, Adrian (2004a). "Bruges, William (c.1375–1450)".
839:
forgave him and it eventually earned him the support of
3343:
Woodcock, Thomas (January 2008a). "Nayler, Sir George (
2718:
2716:
2714:
1695:
in 1988. He conducted business at a leisurely pace and
640:. As Garter, he attended Henry VIII at Thérouanne, the
233:(1417) wherein Bruges is called by his previous title,
2901:
2899:
1808:
Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society
237:; the warrant orders that another be passed under the
907:'s household by 1618, and a Member of Parliament for
3301:. London: Her Majesty's Majesty's Stationery Office.
2781:
2779:
2777:
2734:
2732:
790:; in England, he was sent to force the surrender of
4156:
4035:
3977:
3914:
3882:
3767:
3686:
3641:
3560:
3502:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2650:
2648:
1810:and later he received a further MA degree from the
1016:(1638) and Norroy King of Arms (1644). He was also
644:and Calais, and was sent on Garter missions to the
85:
75:
57:
47:
42:
3169:. New Series. vol. 11. issue 172. pp. 134–140
3145:The Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
3112:. New Series. vol. 11. issue 182. pp. 239–240
2376:Graham Parry, "Dugdale, Sir William (1605–1686)",
2021:Begent, p. 137, citing Jacob 1937, pp. 188, note 4
1985:Anstis 1742, vol. 2, p. 322 (note k for the quote)
1032:'s coronation was posthumously published in 1820.
3389:The history of the most noble Order of the Garter
3129:Ailes, Adrian (2004c). "Writhe, John (d. 1504)".
2410:
2408:
2372:
2370:
484:between 1407 and 1410. In 1413, he was appointed
16:Principal heraldic officer of the College of Arms
2965:, 11 October 1995 (issue number 54181), p. 13693
778:, in 1536; promotions to Rouge Croix (1540) and
2937:, 8 October 1992 (issue number 53071), p. 16835
2875:, 5 October 1978 (issue number 47657), p. 11838
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
488:and travelled with the King on his campaign at
229:dated 22 May in the fifth year of the reign of
3939:Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
2821:
2819:
2817:
2192:
2190:
2141:
2139:
2137:
3860:
3462:
3279:Sherlock, Peter (2004). "Bysshe, Sir Edward (
3020:
3018:
2958:
2956:
2930:
2928:
2868:
2866:
1774:Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary
824:21 April 1586 – 10 December 1606 (dismissed)
197:The current Garter Principal King of Arms is
8:
3247:Godfrey, Walter H.; Wagner, Anthony (1963).
1237:9 June 1727 (with father) – 5 December 1754
278:have received knighthood: one was created a
21:
3253:. London: Guild & School of Handicraft.
2946:"Swan, Sir Conrad (Marshall John Fisher)",
3876:Current members of the Order of the Garter
3867:
3853:
3845:
3469:
3455:
3447:
3147:. London: John Barber (printer). 2 vols.:
1563:27 September 1930 – 2 June 1944 (retired)
4254:Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom
2155:
2153:
2151:
1620:6 December 1950 – 5 July 1961 (resigned)
1590:2 June 1944 – 6 December 1950 (resigned)
1061:, confirmed by Parliament 20 October 1646
862:17 January 1607 – 10 or 13 December 1633
3415:Rights and Duties of Garter King of Arms
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1658:Heralds and Heraldry in the Middles Ages
804:
586:in 1477. He took part in the funeral of
429:
3374:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3367:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3360:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3353:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3338:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3331:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3324:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3317:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3285:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3258:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3242:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3195:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3188:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3181:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3174:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3160:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3138:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3131:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3124:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3117:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3103:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3096:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3089:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2835:Thomas, Jr, Robert McG. (20 May 1995).
2378:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2115:
2113:
1898:
1865:
1462:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1123:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
332:Garter King of Arms throughout the ages
330:
148:. The position has existed since 1415.
3008:"Gwynn-Jones, Sir Peter (Llywellyn)",
2767:"Howard, Sir Algar (Henry Stafford)",
2337:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 51–52, 53
20:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
1946:Wilkinson, Philip (30 January 2007).
1764:1 April 2010 – 1 July 2021 (retired)
1160:with the King in 1691, but appointed
566:and briefly Member of Parliament for
383:John Anstis, Garter from 1719 to 1744
7:
4070:The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers
1156:in 1669. As Garter, he travelled to
1001:26 February 1645 – 10 February 1677
37:of the Garter Principal King of Arms
4002:Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands
3027:, 1 April 2010 (issue number 59385)
2798:"Bellew, Hon. Sir George (Rothe)",
2159:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 41-43"
1624:had been registrar of the college.
1209:2 April 1714 (reversionary) – 1744
968:Rouge Rose Pursuivant Extraordinary
933:The Soveraignty of the British Seas
900:27 December 1633 – 21 October 1643
625:26 January 1505 – 15 November 1534
347:. He was appointed in 1415 or 1417.
2860:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 73–74
2758:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 72–73
2708:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 71-72
2672:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 70–71
2642:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 69–70
2630:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 68–69
2609:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 67-68
2558:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 63–65
2540:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 61–62
2486:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 59–60
2468:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 58–59
2450:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 57–58
2432:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 56–57
2423:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 55–56
2393:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 54–55
2328:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 50–51
2298:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 49–50
2262:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 47–48
2235:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 46–47
2184:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 43–45
2168:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 41–43
2131:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, pp. 40–41
1506:8 January 1904 – 18 December 1918
1310:15 August 1774 – 22 February 1780
555:6 July 1478 – March or April 1504
519:3 April 1450 – before 6 July 1478
14:
3040:, 2015 (Oxford University Press)
3012:, 2015 (Oxford University Press)
2950:, 2015 (Oxford University Press)
1532:22 January 1919 – 21 August 1930
1483:2 November 1869 – 7 January 1904
1260:19 December 1754 – 24 March 1773
1104:26 April 1677 – 10 February 1686
4125:The Baroness Ashton of Upholland
3551:
3437:A History of the College of Arms
3425:
3310:John Anstis: Garter King of Arms
1949:The British Monarchy For Dummies
1905:The Scottish counterpart is the
1783:
1752:
1741:5 October 1995 – 2010 (retired)
1729:
1718:5 October 1992 – 1995 (retired)
1706:
1687:2 October 1978 – 1992 (retired)
1675:
1636:
1608:
1578:
1551:
1520:
1494:
1471:
1444:
1417:
1406:26 November 1831 – 14 July 1838
1394:
1371:
1344:
1321:
1298:
1275:
1248:
1224:
1196:
1172:
1133:
1092:
1039:
989:
942:
888:
850:
812:
751:
701:
667:
609:
542:
507:
450:
413:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
336:
27:
3398:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972)
2889:"Cole, Sir (Alexander) Colin",
2030:Stanford London 1970, pp. 13–14
1772:(1988) and all four volumes of
1456:6 August 1842 – 31 August 1869
1114:The Antiquities of Warwickshire
955:6 April 1644 – 5 November 1644
835:, and the Duke of Norfolk, but
763:29 April 1550 – 3 October 1584
679:9 December 1534 – 27 June 1536
159:with respect to ceremonial and
157:sovereign of the United Kingdom
4259:Garter Principal Kings of Arms
4249:Offices of the College of Arms
4178:The Baroness Manningham-Buller
4080:The Baroness Manningham-Buller
3290:Stanford London, Hugh (1970).
3222:Cruickshanks, Eveline (2002).
3211:Cruickshanks, Eveline (1970).
2811:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 73
2722:"Sir Gerald Woods Wollaston",
2690:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 69
2591:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 66
2579:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 65
2522:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 61
2504:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 60
2355:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 53
2217:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 46
2208:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 45
2119:Godfrey and Wagner 1963, p. 40
1593:Howard was descended from the
1383:11 May 1822 – 28 October 1831
970:later that year. Promotion to
713:15 July 1536 – 2 January 1550
1:
3987:Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
3800:
3788:
3056:. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
2289:Godfrey and Wagner, pp. 48–49
1768:works on heraldry, including
1648:6 July 1961 – 1978 (retired)
1333:2 March 1780 – 27 March 1784
1145:11 March 1686 – 6 March 1703
1079:
1055:
1022:
766:Dethick claimed descent from
194:to proclaim the new monarch.
151:Garter is responsible to the
110:Garter Principal King of Arms
94:Garter Principal King of Arms
22:Garter Principal King of Arms
4050:The Lord Butler of Brockwell
3396:English Diplomacy: 1422-1461
3312:. London: Stationery Office.
2384:, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009
1770:The Oxford Guide to Heraldry
1429:23 July 1838 – 25 July 1842
1287:27 April 1773 – 7 June 1774
925:Mowbray Herald Extraordinary
829:St John's College, Cambridge
527:including his attendance at
4215:Stephen Segrave (Secretary)
4022:The King of the Netherlands
3997:King Juan Carlos I of Spain
3758:Alastair Bruce of Crionaich
3263:Jacob, E. F. (ed.) (1937).
1994:Anstis 1742, vol. 2, p. 322
1804:Pembroke College, Cambridge
1693:Canadian Heraldic Authority
1356:1 May 1784 – 29 April 1822
966:. March 1609 and appointed
652:, Ferdinand of Austria and
632:and entered the service of
468:The son of Richard Bruges,
435:
4275:
4100:The Viscount Brookeborough
3376:. Oxford University Press.
3369:. Oxford University Press.
3355:, Oxford University Press.
3340:. Oxford University Press.
3333:. Oxford University Press.
3326:, Oxford University Press.
3319:. Oxford University Press.
3292:The Life of William Bruges
3287:. Oxford University Press.
3260:. Oxford University Press.
3244:. Oxford University Press.
3197:. Oxford University Press.
3190:. Oxford University Press.
3183:. Oxford University Press.
3176:. Oxford University Press.
3162:. Oxford University Press.
3140:. Oxford University Press.
3133:. Oxford University Press.
3126:. Oxford University Press.
3119:. Oxford University Press.
3105:. Oxford University Press.
3098:. Oxford University Press.
3091:. Oxford University Press.
3073:. 5 July 2021. p. 77.
2513:Thompson and Marchand 2004
2495:Thompson and Marchand 2008
1919:Fodor's (13 August 2013).
1616:The Hon. Sir George Bellew
690:in 1535. He also compiled
642:Field of the Cloth of Gold
582:by 1474 and was appointed
4188:Dr Christopher Cocksworth
4130:The Lord Patten of Barnes
4110:The Marquess of Salisbury
4085:The Lord King of Lothbury
3969:The Duchess of Gloucester
3901:
3549:
3484:
3362:. Oxford University Press
3270:Noble, Rev. Mark (1804).
3200:Crossette, J. S. (1983).
2893:(Oxford University Press)
2802:(Oxford University Press)
2771:(Oxford University Press)
2742:, 16 February 1970, p. 10
2402:Godfrey and Wagner, p. 55
2253:Godfrey and Wagner, p. 47
1952:. John Wiley & Sons.
1266:Nummi Britannici historia
792:rebels led by Robert Kett
716:Barker's father was from
26:
4007:Emperor Akihito of Japan
3297:Wagner, Anthony (1967).
2307:Davidson and Thrush 2010
1814:, University of London.
1010:Rouge Dragon Pursuivants
875:Clarenceux Kings of Arms
2981:"Sir Peter Gwynn-Jones"
2658:, 22 August 1930, p. 12
2382:Oxford University Press
1528:Sir Henry Farnham Burke
1118:The Baronage of England
472:, Bruges was appointed
239:Great Seal of the Realm
136:with jurisdiction over
3934:The Duke of Gloucester
3917:and Ladies (Companion)
3908:
3688:Officers Extraordinary
3494:High Court of Chivalry
3050:"The Officers of Arms"
1907:Lord Lyon King of Arms
1834:Lord Lyon King of Arms
1798:White was educated at
1502:Sir Alfred Scott-Gatty
784:Society of Antiquaries
709:Sir Christopher Barker
630:Wallingford Pursuivant
576:Rouge Croix Pursuivant
494:Aquitaine King of Arms
480:); he was employed by
470:Lancaster King of Arms
255:Aquitaine King of Arms
106:
4145:The Lord Lloyd-Webber
4090:The Lord Shuttleworth
3949:The Duke of Edinburgh
3907:
3304:Wagner, Sir Anthony;
3143:Anstis, John (1742).
2785:"Sir George Bellew",
2726:, 5 March 1957, p. 10
1974:The National Archives
1737:Sir Peter Gwynn-Jones
1662:Pedigree and Progress
1110:Monasticon Anglicanum
972:Bluemantle Pursuivant
867:Portcullis Pursuivant
322:Holders of the office
104:
4168:Bishop of Winchester
4045:The Duke of Abercorn
4027:The Emperor of Japan
3980:and Ladies Companion
3714:John Martin Robinson
3036:"Woodcock, Thomas",
2738:"Sir Algar Howard",
1559:Sir Gerald Wollaston
1256:Stephen Martin Leake
1185:16 June 1703 – 1715
1141:Sir Thomas St George
833:Mary, Queen of Scots
658:Prince Arthur's Book
562:, a receiver of the
486:Guyenne King of Arms
235:Guyenne King of Arms
188:Proclamation Gallery
4206:Garter King of Arms
3954:The Prince of Wales
3643:Pursuivants of Arms
3409:The College of Arms
2654:"Sir H. F. Burke",
2058:Noble (1804), p. 59
2012:Begent 1995, p. 137
2003:Begent 1995, p. 134
1922:Fodor's London 2014
1839:Order of the Garter
1812:Courtauld Institute
1800:Marlborough College
1760:Sir Thomas Woodcock
1569:The Court of Claims
1283:Sir Charles Townley
1180:Sir Henry St George
1100:Sir William Dugdale
950:Sir Henry St George
820:Sir William Dethick
759:Sir Gilbert Dethick
722:Christopher Carlill
692:Wall's Book of Arms
688:James V of Scotland
654:Francis I of France
584:Norroy King of Arms
221:discovered a royal
173:Order of the Garter
165:Commonwealth realms
114:Garter King of Arms
23:
4164:Philip Mounstephen
4036:Knights and Ladies
4012:The King of Norway
3992:The King of Sweden
3929:The Princess Royal
3909:
3299:Heralds of England
3071:The London Gazette
2987:. 1 September 2010
2913:. 21 February 2001
2841:The New York Times
1925:. Fodor's Travel.
1802:, before going to
1654:Heralds of England
1644:Sir Anthony Wagner
1437:. 1836) followed.
776:Hampnes Pursuivant
617:Sir Thomas Wrythe
590:and coronation of
280:knight of the Bath
134:heraldic authority
107:
48:Heraldic tradition
4236:
4235:
4115:The Baroness Amos
4017:The King of Spain
3842:
3841:
3726:David Rankin-Hunt
3663:(Thomas Johnston)
3632:vacant since 2023
3600:John Allen-Petrie
3537:Norroy and Ulster
2789:, 9 February 1993
1820:
1819:
1791:David Vines White
1722:He died in 2019.
1666:English Genealogy
1597:; he was born in
1452:Sir Charles Young
1425:Sir William Woods
1402:Sir Ralph Bigland
1379:Sir George Nayler
1063:– 1660 (deposed)
1048:Sir Edward Bysshe
997:Sir Edward Walker
960:Richard St George
858:Sir William Segar
650:Philip of Castile
529:Princess Margaret
463:By September 1417
439:Dates of office
184:St James's Palace
180:Accession Council
99:
98:
90:David Vines White
4266:
4105:Lady Mary Peters
4075:The Lord Stirrup
4065:Sir Thomas Dunne
3978:Stranger Knights
3944:The Duke of York
3924:The Duke of Kent
3869:
3862:
3855:
3846:
3802:
3790:
3655:(Dominic Ingram)
3588:Peter O'Donoghue
3555:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3448:
3429:
3428:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3057:
3047:
3041:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3013:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2966:
2960:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2907:"Sir Colin Cole"
2903:
2894:
2887:
2876:
2870:
2861:
2858:
2852:
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2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2082:. 3 January 2021
2072:
2059:
2056:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1849:English heraldry
1787:
1756:
1733:
1710:
1679:
1640:
1612:
1599:Thornbury Castle
1595:Dukes of Norfolk
1586:Sir Algar Howard
1582:
1555:
1524:
1498:
1479:Sir Albert Woods
1475:
1448:
1421:
1398:
1375:
1362:Brunswick Herald
1348:
1325:
1302:
1279:
1252:
1228:
1200:
1176:
1137:
1096:
1084:
1081:
1060:
1057:
1043:
1027:
1024:
1018:Secretary at War
993:
946:
896:Sir John Borough
892:
854:
816:
755:
726:Lisle Pursuivant
705:
671:
613:
564:Duke of Somerset
546:
533:Charles the Bold
511:
454:
430:
417:
404:
392:
380:
368:
356:
340:
190:which overlooks
146:Northern Ireland
120:) is the senior
105:Ceremonial dress
70:Northern Ireland
31:
24:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4192:Dean of Windsor
4152:
4140:The Lord Kakkar
4095:Lady Mary Fagan
4037:
4031:
3979:
3973:
3916:
3910:
3899:
3878:
3873:
3843:
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3682:
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3562:Heralds of Arms
3556:
3547:
3498:
3480:
3478:College of Arms
3475:
3426:
3405:
3387:Elias Ashmole,
3382:Further reading
3379:
3078:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3054:College of Arms
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3016:
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2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1844:College of Arms
1825:
1714:Sir Conrad Swan
1542:Burke's Peerage
1537:Burke's Peerage
1511:The Genealogist
1352:Sir Isaac Heard
1215:Curia Militaris
1082:
1058:
1025:
976:William Le Neve
958:The son of Sir
921:Tower of London
871:Somerset Herald
732:1513) and then
531:'s marriage to
524:Gloucestershire
465:– 9 March 1450
428:
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316:Thomas Woodcock
312:
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130:College of Arms
126:officer of arms
80:College of Arms
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4272:
4270:
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4199:
4185:
4175:
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4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:The Lord Peach
4132:
4127:
4122:
4120:Sir Tony Blair
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4055:Sir John Major
4052:
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4009:
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3804:
3792:
3780:
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3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3736:(Thomas Lloyd)
3729:
3717:
3705:
3702:Phillip O'Shea
3692:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3672:
3671:(Phillip Bone)
3664:
3656:
3647:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3623:
3615:
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3591:
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3576:Clive Cheesman
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3404:
3403:External links
3401:
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3025:London Gazette
3014:
2998:
2967:
2963:London Gazette
2952:
2939:
2935:London Gazette
2924:
2895:
2877:
2873:London Gazette
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2827:
2813:
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2760:
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2728:
2710:
2692:
2683:
2681:Woodcock 2004a
2674:
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2644:
2632:
2620:
2618:Woodcock 2004b
2611:
2602:
2600:Woodcock 2004c
2593:
2581:
2569:
2567:Woodcock 2008a
2560:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2531:Dickinson 2008
2524:
2515:
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2414:Woodcock 2008b
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2080:WhatDoTheyKnow
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2014:
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1795:1 July 2021 –
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1683:Sir Colin Cole
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215:William Bruges
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76:Governing body
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4060:The Lord Luce
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3915:Royal Knights
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3679:(James Peill)
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3432:public domain
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3394:J. Ferguson,
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3286:
3283:1610–1679)".
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2985:The Telegraph
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2477:Cheesman 2004
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2364:Sherlock 2004
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2018:
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1776:(1992–2014).
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1329:Ralph Bigland
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1306:Thomas Browne
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917:Robert Cotton
914:
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905:Francis Bacon
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634:Prince Arthur
631:
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612:
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607:
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600:Maximillian I
597:
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580:Faucon Herald
577:
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408:inscriptions.
403:
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346:
339:
334:
331:
326:
321:
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317:
309:
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305:
297:
295:
293:
290:of every new
289:
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281:
275:
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267:
262:Later history
261:
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95:
91:
88:
86:Chief officer
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
53:
52:Gallo-British
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
25:
19:
4226:
4219:Sarah Clarke
4209:
4205:
4195:
4171:
3957:
3893:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3803:1461 – 1831)
3796:Blanche Lyon
3794:
3791:1460 – 1602)
3782:
3774:
3751:
3739:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3674:
3668:Rouge Dragon
3666:
3658:
3650:
3631:
3625:
3622:(Mark Scott)
3617:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3535:
3530:Timothy Duke
3523:
3512:
3511:
3489:Earl Marshal
3435:
3419:
3414:
3395:
3388:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3306:Rowse, A. L.
3298:
3291:
3284:
3280:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3216:
3205:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3167:Coat of Arms
3166:
3159:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3110:Coat of Arms
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:Bibliography
3080:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3032:
3024:
3009:
2989:. Retrieved
2984:
2962:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2915:. Retrieved
2910:
2890:
2872:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2840:
2830:
2807:
2799:
2794:
2786:
2768:
2763:
2739:
2723:
2686:
2677:
2655:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2441:Handley 2008
2437:
2428:
2419:
2398:
2389:
2377:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2280:Adolph 2004c
2276:
2271:Adolph 2004b
2267:
2258:
2249:
2244:Adolph 2004a
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2164:
2084:. Retrieved
2079:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1968:
1948:
1941:
1921:
1914:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1883:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1829:King of Arms
1773:
1769:
1696:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1625:
1568:
1541:
1536:
1510:
1461:
1434:
1265:
1234:the younger
1214:
1182:the younger
1162:Gregory King
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1053:
1046:
963:
932:
879:Ralph Brooke
869:in 1585 and
805:
737:
729:
691:
657:
638:Prince Henry
618:
552:(or Writhe)
462:
313:
303:
301:
298:Coat of arms
276:
272:Earl Marshal
268:
265:
252:
244:
231:King Henry V
213:
196:
192:Friary Court
177:
153:Earl Marshal
150:
122:king of arms
117:
113:
109:
108:
93:
58:Jurisdiction
18:
4202:David White
4194:(Register,
4149:3 vacancies
3835:(1856–2001)
3827:(1623–1849)
3819:(1992–1998)
3779:(1982–2009)
3697:New Zealand
3660:Rouge Croix
3542:Robert Noel
3518:David White
3440:(1804), by
3067:"No. 63408"
3010:Who Was Who
2891:Who Was Who
2825:Ailes 2004b
2800:Who Was Who
2769:Who Was Who
2226:Yorke 2004a
2196:Yorke 2004b
2145:Ailes 2004c
2107:Ailes 2004a
1232:John Anstis
1204:John Anstis
1150:Restoration
1083: 1643
1068:Bletchingly
1059: 1643
1026: 1643
1008:(1635) and
1006:Blanch Lyon
911:(1621) and
837:Elizabeth I
788:Musselburgh
675:Thomas Wall
621:Wriothesley
592:Richard III
550:John Wrythe
219:John Anstis
199:David White
169:Charles III
4243:Categories
4227:ex officio
4210:ex officio
4196:ex officio
4182:Chancellor
4172:ex officio
4170:(Prelate,
3958:ex officio
3894:ex officio
3768:Historical
3746:Anne Curry
3709:Maltravers
3676:Bluemantle
3652:Portcullis
3525:Clarenceux
3442:Mark Noble
3422:circa 1522
2549:White 2006
2459:Ailes 2008
2316:Baron 2011
2086:27 January
1855:References
1206:the elder
1030:Charles II
952:the elder
796:Queen Mary
768:Derbyshire
515:John Smert
227:Privy Seal
225:under the
210:Foundation
116:or simply
4223:Black Rod
4038:Companion
3964:The Queen
3883:Sovereign
3612:Adam Tuck
3607:Lancaster
3418:from the
3276:. London.
3038:Who's Who
2991:12 August
2948:Who's Who
2917:12 August
2846:12 August
2787:The Times
2740:The Times
2724:The Times
2656:The Times
1894:Citations
1626:The Times
1158:The Hague
1054:Intruded
980:Civil War
929:Charles I
742:Edward VI
718:Stokesley
636:and then
596:Henry VII
588:Edward IV
568:Cricklade
490:Agincourt
345:St George
327:Portraits
288:genealogy
182:meets at
167:of which
4157:Officers
3890:The King
3776:Beaumont
3753:Fitzalan
3619:Somerset
3571:Richmond
3351:1831)",
3308:(1992).
1823:See also
1012:(1637),
909:Sandwich
780:Richmond
572:Antelope
498:Henry VI
482:Henry IV
161:heraldry
3824:Mowbray
3784:Berwick
3741:Arundel
3721:Norfolk
3627:Chester
3595:Windsor
2040:Garter.
1154:Dresden
1072:Reigate
913:Horsham
841:James I
772:denizen
684:Windsor
478:Henry V
310:Funding
223:warrant
205:History
138:England
128:of the
62:England
3832:Surrey
3816:Howard
3811:(1911)
3513:Garter
3434::
3391:(1715)
3347:1764,
1956:
1929:
1076:Gatton
442:Notes
132:, the
118:Garter
112:(also
43:
3808:Delhi
3733:Wales
1882:from
1860:Notes
619:alias
436:Name
433:Arms
142:Wales
66:Wales
3583:York
3345:bap.
2993:2015
2919:2015
2848:2015
2088:2021
1954:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1664:and
1116:and
1074:and
574:and
445:Ref
426:List
292:peer
270:the
144:and
124:and
68:and
33:The
4245::
4225:,
4208:,
4190:,
4166:,
3801:c.
3789:c.
3349:d.
3281:c.
3226:.
3215:.
3204:.
3151:,
3069:.
3052:.
3017:^
3001:^
2983:.
2970:^
2955:^
2927:^
2909:.
2898:^
2880:^
2865:^
2839:.
2816:^
2776:^
2747:^
2731:^
2713:^
2695:^
2663:^
2647:^
2635:^
2623:^
2584:^
2572:^
2407:^
2380:,
2369:^
2321:^
2201:^
2189:^
2173:^
2150:^
2136:^
2124:^
2112:^
2096:^
2078:.
2063:^
2045:^
1660:,
1656:,
1080:c.
1070:,
1056:c.
1023:c.
935:.
798:.
730:c.
648:,
306:.
286:a
201:.
140:,
92:,
64:,
4229:)
4221:(
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