249:
Badr al-Gamali between 1087 and 1092 about two hundred meters from the original site and was given its new name. Similarly, Bab al-Futuh was originally called Bab al-Iqbal, or "the Gate of
Prosperity," and was later renamed Bab al-Futuh by Badr al-Gamali. Bab al-Nasr is flanked by two towers of square shape, with shield insignias carved into the stone, while Bab al-Futuh is flanked by round towers. The vaulted stone ceilings inside Bab al-Nasr are innovative in design, with the helicoidal vaults being the first of their kind in this architectural context. The façade of Bab al-Nasr has a frieze containing Kufic inscriptions in white marble, including a foundation inscription and the Shi'a version of the
67:
238:
20:
1327:
219:(with "Bab" translating to "gate"). These gates are among the most important masterpieces of historic military architecture in the Islamic world.A restoration project from 2001 to 2003 successfully restored the three gates and parts of the northern wall between Bab al-Nasr and Bab al-Futuh. During the Fatimid period there were many gardens along the walls. A chain of gardens ran past Bab al-Nasr and the garden of al-Mukhtar al-Saqlabi existed outside Bab al-Futuh.
271:
342:("Gate of Success"). It would have replaced the earlier 10th-century Fatimid gate in this area. Archeologists discovered a number of ancient stones with Pharaonic inscriptions that were re-used in the gate's construction. It was likely replaced by an Ayyubid-era gate built in front of it, but as of 2008 this had not yet been excavated. Another gate further north, near the northeast corner of the walls, was known as
297:
168:(the main city and earlier capital of Egypt a short distance to the southwest). The entirety of the envisioned course of the wall was never quite completed, but long stretches of the wall were built, including the section to the north of the Citadel and a section near Fustat in south. Work continued under subsequent Ayyubid sultans.
255:
which was representative of the
Fatimid caliphate's religious beliefs. Bab al-Futuh features no inscriptions on the gate itself, but an inscription can be seen nearby to the east, on the wall salient around the northern minaret of the al-Hakim Mosque. Inside Bab al-Futuh, through its eastern flanking
248:
Bab al-Nasr and Bab al-Futuh are both are on the northern section of the wall, about two hundred yards from each other. Bab al-Nasr, which translates to "the Gate of
Victory," was originally called Bab al-Izz, meaning "the Gate of Glory," when constructed by Gawhar al-Siqilli. It was reconstructed by
281:
The third surviving gate, Bab
Zuwayla, sits in the southern section of the wall. Badr al-Gamali rebuilt the original Bab Zuwayla further south than Gawhar al-Siqilli's original gate. A neighboring mosque, the mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, has two minarets that sit on top of the two towers that flank
144:
ordered a reconstruction of the walls primarily out of stone and further outward than before to expand the space within Cairo's walls. Construction began in 1087. Although it was previously thought that the entirety of Badr al-Jamali's walls were built in stone, more recent archeological findings
160:, restored and/or reconstructed the Fatimid walls and gates in 1170 or 1171. He reconstructed parts of the Fatimid walls, including the eastern wall. In 1176, he then began embarked on a project to radically expand the city's fortifications. This project included the construction of the
799:
145:
have confirmed that at least part of the eastern wall was built out of mudbrick, while the gates were built in stone. The gates of the new walls retained generally the same names and were located in the same areas as the old walls.
337:
most likely corresponded to another gate a short distance to the northeast. The latter gate, originally discovered in the 1950s, dates from Badr al-Gamali's time and, according to an inscription, was also called
38:, Egypt, had many gates in its history as its city walls were built, rebuilt, and expanded in different periods. Only three gates are fully-preserved today, all dating from the late 11th century in the
307:
One of the eastern gates of the city, part of the
Ayyubid reconstruction of the walls, was also uncovered in 1998 and subsequently studied and restored. It has a complex defensive layout including a
171:
The new
Ayyubid extensions also added several new gates, of which eight have been identified. The northern extension of the wall, running west from Bab al-Futuh, added two new gates in this area:
346:
up to the present day and thus possibly contributed to confusion over the identification of the
Ayyubid gate uncovered in 1998, with which it shares a similar layout.
1459:
179:("Gate of the Sea/Water"), located further west and close to the Nile River. The eastern walls near Cairo (north of the Citadel) included, from north to south:
105:. According to later medieval sources, these first city walls, which had a roughly rectangular outline, had eight gates. On the north side were two gates named
465:
Bloom, Jonathan M. (2000). "Walled cities in
Islamic North Africa and Egypt with particular reference to the Fatamids (909–1171)". In Tracy, James D. (ed.).
1691:
1297:
1251:
1176:
1040:
1504:
1696:
476:
444:
282:
the Bab
Zuwayla. Similar to Bab al-Nasr and Bab al-Futuh, Bab Zuwayla was also adjacent to gardens, namely the gardens of Qanṭara al-Kharq.
1414:
1231:
1211:
1186:
1580:
1549:
771:
729:
376:
101:, the Fatimid general who led the conquest of Egypt, oversaw the construction of the city's original walls, which were built of
1524:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1246:
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1389:
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and of a 20 kilometer-long wall to connect and protect both Cairo (referring to the former royal city of the
Fatimids) and
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1326:
1156:
1464:
1216:
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doorway, is the tomb of an unidentified figure, and through its western flanking doorway is a long vaulted chamber.
1631:
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1312:
1292:
1128:
66:
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1676:
1671:
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1226:
1191:
191:("Burned Gate"). The new section of walls near Fustat (south of the Citadel) included, from north to south:
1681:
1621:
1489:
1484:
1409:
1026:
1606:
1585:
1514:
1509:
1282:
1201:
1181:
971:"Annales héliopolitaines et fragments de Sésostris I réemployés dans la porte de Bâb al-Tawfiq au Caire"
316:
899:"La muraille ayyoubide du Caire : les fouilles archéologiques de Bâb al-Barqiyya à Bâb al-Mahrûq"
405:"La muraille ayyoubide du Caire : les fouilles archéologiques de Bâb al-Barqiyya à Bâb al-Mahrûq"
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303:(possibly the historic Bab al-Jadid), an Ayyubid gate rediscovered during excavations in 1998
1358:
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54:. Some other gates have been partially recovered through archeological excavations, such as
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839:"A Note on the Shield-Shaped Ornamental Bosses on the Façade of Bāb al-Nasr in Cairo"
704:
584:
308:
83:
31:
1404:
1171:
1113:
1087:
1077:
228:
212:
47:
23:
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Many gates existed along the walls of Fatimid Cairo, but only three remain today:
26:, one of the two preserved Fatimid gates in the northern city walls, dated to 1087
1097:
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51:
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153:
763:
The monuments of historic Cairo : a map and descriptive catalogue
368:
The monuments of historic Cairo : a map and descriptive catalogue
761:
366:
165:
244:, one of the northern city gates in the Fatimid walls, dated to 1087
997:"Bab al-Tawfiq: une porte du Caire fatimide oubliée par l'histoire"
996:
970:
948:"The Fatimid and Ayyubid Eastern Walls of Cairo: missing fragments"
925:"Bab al-Tawfiq: une porte du Caire fatimide oubliée par l'histoire"
924:
898:
522:"Bab al-Tawfiq: une porte du Caire fatimide oubliée par l'histoire"
521:
499:"The Fatimid and Ayyubid Eastern Walls of Cairo: missing fragments"
404:
295:
269:
236:
65:
35:
18:
669:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
605:"Stonecutting and Early Stereotomy in the Fatimid Walls of Cairo"
549:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1018:
312:
1022:
909:. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO): 288.
415:. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO): 288.
975:
Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO)
883:(7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
175:("Gate of the Law "), located close to the Fatimid walls, and
800:"Fāṭimid gardens: archaeological and historical perspectives"
603:
Salcedo-Galera, Macarena; García-Baño, Ricardo (2022-09-01).
329:("New Gate"), one of the three eastern gates mentioned by
439:. Translated by Wood, Willard. Harvard University Press.
1425:
Madrasa of Amir Sunqur Sa'di (Mausoleum of Hasan Sadaqa)
140:
Later, during the late 11th century, the Fatimid vizier
804:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
798:
Pradines, Stephane; Khan, Sher Rahmat (October 2016).
468:
City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective
121:("Gate of the clover merchants"); to the south were
1594:
1558:
1372:
1341:
1334:
1260:
1127:
1106:
1063:
1056:
93:Cairo was founded as a palace-city in 969 by the
1460:Mosque and Mausoleum of Amir Ahmad al-Mihmandar
1222:Madrasa-Mausoleum of as-Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyub
881:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide
325:, it is possible that it was actually known as
721:Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction
1034:
223:Bab al-Futuh and Bab al-Nasr (northern gates)
8:
129:("Gate of Joy"); and on the west side were
113:("Gate of Victory"); on the east side were
78:, showing the city wall and the known gates
1338:
1242:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay
1060:
1041:
1027:
1019:
766:. The American University in Cairo Press.
371:. The American University in Cairo Press.
1642:Qasaba of Radwan Bey (Tentmakers' Street)
1364:Qasaba of Radwan Bey (Tentmakers' Street)
1298:Wikala and Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay
1252:Mosque-Sabil of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar
630:
620:
969:Régen, Isabelle; Postel, Lilian (2005).
277:, the southern gate of the Fatimid walls
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
724:. Leiden, the Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
354:
1505:Mosque of Qaytbay (at Qal'at al-Kabsh)
1232:Mosque of Amir Jamal al-Din al-Ustadar
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1212:Khanqah-Mausoleum of Sultan Barsbay
1187:Complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay
117:("Gate of the Barqa regiment") and
14:
1692:Buildings and structures in Cairo
1581:Egyptian National Military Museum
1550:Tomb of Salar and Sangar-al-Gawli
1415:Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban
1373:Mosques and religious structures
1325:
1129:Mosques and religious structures
1114:al-Muizz Street (Qasabah Street)
718:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1989).
16:Architecture in Old Cairo, Egypt
1525:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan
1465:Mosque of Amir Qijmas al-Ishaqi
1445:Mausoleum of Tarabay al-Sharifi
1247:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
1500:Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi
1480:Mosque of Khushqadam el-Ahmadi
1390:Amir Khayrbak Funerary Complex
471:. Cambridge University Press.
195:("Gate of the Cemetery ") and
1:
1450:Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu
1395:Aqsunqur Mosque (Blue Mosque)
1157:Mosque of Almalik al-Jukandar
1697:Tourist attractions in Cairo
1435:Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i
1217:Madrasa of al-Nasir Muhammad
1162:Madrasa of Tatar al-Hijaziya
133:("Gate of the bridge ") and
125:("Gate of the Zuwayla") and
1470:Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar
1237:Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad
1207:Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
995:Pradines, Stephane (2008).
923:Pradines, Stephane (2008).
897:Pradines, Stephane (2002).
879:Williams, Caroline (2018).
520:Pradines, Stephane (2008).
403:Pradines, Stephane (2002).
260:Bab Zuwayla (southern gate)
1713:
1455:Mosque of Amir al-Maridani
1430:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
1420:Madrasa of Uljay al-Yusufi
1192:Complex of Sultan al-Ghuri
665:"Al Kāhirah and Its Gates"
622:10.1007/s00004-022-00611-1
545:"Al Kāhirah and Its Gates"
319:. Initially identified as
289:
263:
226:
109:("Gate of Conquests") and
81:
74:Cairo as reconstructed by
1485:Mosque of Mahmud al-Kurdi
1323:
1197:Complex of Sultan Qalawun
1177:Church of the Virgin Mary
946:Warner, Nicholas (1999).
816:10.1017/S0041977X16000586
760:Warner, Nicholas (2005).
681:10.1017/S0035869X00018232
561:10.1017/S0035869X00018232
497:Warner, Nicholas (1999).
365:Warner, Nicholas (2005).
1520:Mosque of Ulmas al-Hajib
1510:Mosque of Sulayman Pasha
1440:Mausoleum of Amir Qawsun
1380:Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque
1313:Wikala of Sultan Qaytbay
1293:Sabil-Kuttab of Katkhuda
1182:Complex of Amir Qurqumas
1093:Gates of Khan al-Khalili
837:Shalem, Avinoam (1996).
433:Raymond, André (2000) .
1647:Sabil-Kuttab of Qaytbay
1632:Maristan of al-Mu'ayyad
1227:Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab
333:. If so, then the name
1622:Cairo Citadel Aqueduct
1540:Sayyidah Zainab Mosque
1535:Sayeda Nafeesah Mosque
1490:Mosque of Muhammad Ali
1410:Madrasa of Sarghatmish
1167:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
952:Annales islamologiques
903:Annales Islamologiques
503:Annales islamologiques
409:Annales Islamologiques
304:
278:
245:
137:("Gate of Felicity").
79:
27:
1607:Bayt al-Razzaz Palace
1586:Gayer-Anderson Museum
1515:Mosque of Taghribirdi
1283:Hammam of Sultan Inal
1202:Khanqah of Baybars II
609:Nexus Network Journal
299:
273:
240:
156:, the founder of the
82:Further information:
69:
62:Historical background
22:
1545:Sultaniyya Mausoleum
311:and a bridge over a
1602:Amir Alin Aq Palace
1530:Sayeda Aisha Mosque
1475:Mosque of Ibn Tulun
1349:Salah al-Din Square
1141:Al-Azhar University
663:Kay, H. C. (1882).
543:Kay, H. C. (1882).
233:Bab al-Nasr (Cairo)
1495:Mosque of Qani-Bay
1303:Wikala of al-Ghuri
305:
279:
246:
80:
76:Stanley Lane-Poole
28:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1637:Palace of Yashbak
1566:Al-Gawhara Palace
1321:
1320:
1152:Al-Hussein Mosque
478:978-0-521-65221-6
446:978-0-674-00316-3
99:Jawhar al-Siqilli
95:Fatimid Caliphate
1704:
1385:Al-Rifa'i Mosque
1359:Al-Darb al-Ahmar
1339:
1329:
1308:Wikala of Qawsun
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1043:
1036:
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1651:
1612:Bayt al-Sinnari
1590:
1576:Carriage Museum
1571:Amir Taz Palace
1554:
1368:
1330:
1317:
1288:Khan el-Khalili
1273:Bayt al-Suhaymi
1256:
1147:Al-Hakim Mosque
1137:Al-Azhar Mosque
1123:
1119:Bayn al-Qasrayn
1102:
1073:Bab al-Barqiyya
1052:
1047:
1017:
1012:
1007:(1–2): 143–170.
994:
993:
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935:(1–2): 143–170.
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532:(1–2): 143–170.
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227:Main articles:
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203:Preserved gates
185:Bāb al-Barqiyya
173:Bāb al-Sharī'ah
158:Ayyubid dynasty
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119:Bāb al-Qarrātīn
115:Bāb al-Barqiyya
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56:Bab al-Barqiyya
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1687:Gates in Egypt
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1677:Gates of Cairo
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1672:Medieval Cairo
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1015:External links
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843:Ars Orientalis
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810:(3): 473–502.
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675:(3): 229–245.
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290:Main article:
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183:("New Gate"),
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142:Badr al-Jamali
131:Bāb al-Qanṭara
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1682:Gates by city
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1354:Saliba Street
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1335:Southern part
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1057:Northern part
1055:
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1050:Islamic Cairo
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773:977-424-841-4
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378:977-424-841-4
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359:
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349:
347:
345:
341:
340:Bab al-Tawfiq
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
310:
309:bent entrance
302:
298:
293:
286:Eastern gates
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193:Bāb al-Qarāfa
190:
189:Bāb al-Mahrūq
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
149:Ayyubid walls
148:
146:
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136:
135:Bāb al-Sa'ada
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
89:Fatimid walls
88:
85:
84:Islamic Cairo
77:
73:
68:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:historic city
25:
21:
1405:Lulua Mosque
1342:Main streets
1172:Aqmar Mosque
1107:Main streets
1088:Bab al-Wazir
1078:Bab al-Futuh
1064:
1004:
1000:
978:
974:
964:
955:
951:
941:
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612:
608:
552:
548:
538:
529:
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502:
467:
435:
412:
408:
367:
344:Bab al-Jadid
343:
339:
334:
327:Bab al-Jadid
326:
320:
306:
280:
250:
247:
229:Bab al-Futuh
213:Bab al-Futuh
206:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:Bāb al-Jadīd
180:
176:
172:
170:
154:Salah ad-Din
152:
139:
134:
130:
127:Bāb al-Faraj
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:Bāb al-Futūḥ
106:
92:
48:Bab al-Futuh
29:
24:Bab al-Futuh
1098:Bab Zuweila
1083:Bāb al-Naşr
632:10317/12232
275:Bab Zuwayla
266:Bab Zuweila
242:Bab al-Nasr
217:Bab Zuwayla
209:Bab al-Nasr
197:Bāb al-Safā
177:Bāb al-Baḥr
123:Bāb Zuwayla
111:Bāb al-Naṣr
52:Bab Zuwayla
44:Bab al-Nasr
1666:Categories
1139:(see also
981:: 229–293.
958:: 283–296.
509:: 283–296.
350:References
331:al-Maqrizi
70:A plan of
1001:Le Muséon
929:Le Muséon
855:0571-1371
849:: 55–64.
824:0041-977X
782:929659618
705:164159559
689:0035-869X
641:1522-4600
585:164159559
569:0035-869X
526:Le Muséon
387:929659618
697:25196925
577:25196925
103:mudbrick
42:period:
1559:Museums
863:4629499
252:Shahada
72:Fatimid
40:Fatimid
1595:Others
1261:Others
861:
853:
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780:
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703:
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443:
385:
375:
215:, and
187:, and
166:Fustat
50:, and
1065:Gates
859:JSTOR
701:S2CID
693:JSTOR
581:S2CID
573:JSTOR
436:Cairo
317:ditch
36:Cairo
851:ISSN
820:ISSN
778:OCLC
768:ISBN
726:ISBN
685:ISSN
637:ISSN
565:ISSN
473:ISBN
441:ISBN
383:OCLC
373:ISBN
313:moat
231:and
30:The
1005:121
979:105
933:121
812:doi
677:doi
627:hdl
617:doi
557:doi
530:121
315:or
34:of
1668::
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999:.
987:^
977:.
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956:33
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950:.
931:.
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889:^
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857:.
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802:.
790:^
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691:.
683:.
673:14
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635:.
625:.
613:24
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607:.
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579:.
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563:.
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507:33
505:.
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487:^
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357:^
211:,
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1143:)
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1035:t
1028:v
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826:.
814::
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707:.
679::
643:.
629::
619::
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559::
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449:.
389:.
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