863:
504:
2602:
492:
135:
2578:
2907:
2822:
529:
2626:
896:
2163:
2761:
2876:
2781:
2801:
2886:
2866:
2791:
2771:
2174:
2152:
809:
797:
785:
2645:
2185:
719:, and included passenger seating in the intermediate car. Maximum speed was 270 km/h (168 mph) on Shinkansen lines operating under 25 kV AC (60 Hz), and 130 km/h (81 mph) on conventional lines operating under 20 kV AC (60 Hz) or 1,500 V DC. It is not known if it could operate under 50 Hz power at either AC voltage.
2855:
113:(EMU) trains have been built for testing. The first train operated from 1998 until 2006, the second train operated from 2006 until 2014 and the third-generation train commenced testing in 2014, although testing is currently suspended due to technical issues with the bogies. The GCT was due to be introduced on the
321:
The first GCT train was completed in
October 1998. It was designed to be able to run at a maximum speed of over 300 km/h (186 mph) on Shinkansen lines, and at over 130 km/h (81 mph) on conventional narrow-gauge lines under a catenary voltage of 25 kV AC (50/60 Hz), 20 kV AC
1041:
commenced in
October 2014. Endurance testing was scheduled to continue until March 2017, accumulating a total distance of 600,000 km (372,823 mi). Testing was suspended in December 2014 after accumulating approximating 33,000 km (20,505 mi), following the discovery of defective
1125:
as part of a proposal to operate a GCT from there to Osaka in conjunction with the extension of the
Hokuriku Shinkansen from Kanazawa to Tsuruga opening in Fiscal 2022. Also starting in fiscal 2014, the company designed and built a new six-car variable-gauge trainset, which was scheduled to be
460:
stations, delayed from the initial plan for testing to start during fiscal 2002. A series of 15 return test runs were conducted late at night between 23 August and 27 October 2004, starting at a maximum speed of 70 km/h (45 mph) on the first day. The maximum speed was increased to
841:
In 2011, the train was fitted with new lighter weight "E" bogies to improve stability and ride comfort when negotiating curves or points with radii of less than 600 m (1,969 ft). These replaced the previous "D" bogie design. Late night test running took place at speeds of up to
419:, United States for an extended period of high-speed endurance running until January 2001. Here, it recorded a maximum speed of 246 km/h (153 mph) and ran a total distance of approximately 600,000 km (372,823 mi), with approximately 2,000 axle gauge changing cycles.
711:
Initially scheduled to be completed in 2004, the second train was delivered in 2006, starting test running based at JR Shikoku's
Tadotsu Works. In March 2007, the train was shipped from the RTRI in Kokubunji to Kokura Works, where it was shown off to the press in May 2007.
1138:. However, as a result of the abandonment of the proposed use of a GCT on the West Kyushu Shinkansen to Nagasaki by JR Kyushu, in August 2018 JR West announced that the proposed GCT between Tsuruga and Osaka had been abandoned.
1036:
A third-generation, four-car, train was delivered to
Kumamoto Depot in Kyushu in late March 2014, and "three-mode" (standard-gauge - gauge-changing - narrow gauge) endurance testing using a new facility built near
485:
Works. The Tokyu end car and Kinki Sharyo intermediate car were scrapped on-site, but the
Kawasaki end car, number GCT01-1, was moved to Kawasaki Heavy Industries' Kobe factory in February 2014.
2858:
503:
3086:
3473:
1388:[Free Gauge Train achieves 130 km/h on conventional line in Japanese testing] (in Japanese). Japan: Railway Technical Research Institute. 14 January 2002. Archived from
491:
2915:
2649:
1411:
846:
from August 2011, with the train based at
Tadotsu. Endurance testing was then undertaken from December 2011 until September 2013 on the Yosan Line between
3534:
3079:
3504:
1270:
1207:
1595:
117:
upon its scheduled opening in fiscal 2022, but JR Kyushu announced in June 2017 that it had abandoned plans to adopt the GCT for these services.
3072:
3047:
3514:
1835:
1103:. Car 2 is equipped with a single-arm current collector. Seating accommodation is provided in car 2, arranged in eleven rows 2+2 abreast.
1303:
819:
The end cars were 23,075 mm (75 ft 8.5 in) long, and the intermediate car was 20,500 mm (67 ft 3 in) long.
3509:
1244:
3539:
1513:
3529:
3524:
3519:
412:
3037:
1560:
862:
3052:
2982:
2879:
2784:
1172:
3132:
2987:
2654:
2492:
2482:
838:
and conventional narrow gauge tracks, operating at speeds of up to 270 km/h (168 mph) on shinkansen tracks.
1569:(in Japanese). Japan: Japan Railway Construction, Transport and technology Agency. 17 September 2013. Archived from
1383:
3027:
2910:
2889:
2869:
2825:
2794:
2774:
461:
100 km/h (62 mph) on the second day, eventually raised to 210 km/h (130 mph) on the final day.
3483:
3107:
1092:
851:
442:
380:
148:
1421:
3406:
3032:
3022:
3007:
2977:
2764:
2606:
1828:
457:
90:
3017:
3012:
2997:
2992:
2972:
2635:
2592:
2462:
2346:
1962:
1885:
1038:
971:
646:
256:
51:
1150:, the concept of converting narrow-gauge lines to standard gauge or dual gauge for use by Shinkansen trains
3137:
3002:
2967:
2962:
2804:
2582:
2457:
2265:
1754:
1639:
1498:
808:
796:
784:
453:
110:
1719:[Kyushu Shinkansen Free Gauge Train endurance testing suspended following discovery of defects].
1278:
1215:
878:. The two other cars, GCT01-202 and GCT01-203, were cut up at JR Shikoku's Tadotsu Works in August 2014.
3313:
3257:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
2697:
2672:
2630:
2616:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2467:
2452:
2447:
388:
156:
134:
2064:
1868:
1166:, an experimental concept for conveying narrow-gauge container wagons on Shinkansen tracks through the
1605:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3169:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2559:
2554:
2497:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2419:
2412:
1929:
1896:
1100:
828:
716:
100:
1446:"フリーゲージトレインが新幹線上を初めて走行" [The Gauge Change Train runs on the Shinkansen for the first time].
3247:
3042:
2529:
2099:
2070:
1998:
1973:
1940:
1821:
1127:
2906:
2821:
3432:
3416:
3411:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
2611:
2031:
1918:
1600:[Technical evaluation of variable-gauge train (Free gauge Train) technology development]
1131:
528:
3064:
2116:
2093:
1951:
1758:(in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 639. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. July 2014. pp. 84–85.
1365:
1342:"フリーゲージトレイン開発から今日まで" [The Gauge Change Train and its development to the present day].
1314:
1107:
989:
984:
895:
871:
835:
664:
659:
411:
at speeds of up to 100 km/h (62 mph). From April 1999, the train was shipped to the
274:
269:
114:
3437:
3267:
3210:
3205:
2332:
2219:
2042:
2009:
1248:
1194:
854:, during which time it covered a distance of approximately 70,000 km (43,496 mi).
449:
416:
400:
2162:
827:
From
December 2007, test-running commenced on conventional tracks between Kokura Works and
533:
The second-generation set undergoing testing on the Yosan Line in
Shikoku in September 2012
422:
In
November 2002, the train recorded a maximum speed of 130 km/h (81 mph) on the
3478:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2325:
2087:
1989:
1308:[JR Kyushu abandons plans to adopt gauge-changing train for Nagasaki Shinkansen].
1147:
1122:
847:
438:
423:
2132:
1686:
1523:
1154:
875:
1805:
3385:
2941:
2353:
2311:
2304:
2258:
2251:
2226:
2212:
1162:
82:
55:
3498:
3380:
2692:
2625:
2405:
2339:
1167:
977:
652:
262:
103:
715:
Unlike the first train which was of an original design, this train was based on the
3215:
2398:
2279:
1502:. Vol. 47, no. 556. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. August 2007. pp. 86–87.
1106:
In June 2017, JR Kyushu revealed that it had abandoned plans to use the GCT on the
870:
Following withdrawal of the set, one end car, GCT01-201, was moved from Tadotsu to
384:
152:
3185:
2760:
1570:
17:
1277:(in Japanese). Japan: The Asahi Shimbun Company. 24 February 2016. Archived from
3318:
3190:
2936:
2875:
2780:
2717:
1643:(in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 643. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. p. 155.
996:
671:
281:
2800:
2173:
1549:. Vol. 40, no. 329. Japan: Kotsu Shimbun. September 2011. p. 65.
3457:
3447:
3442:
3272:
3262:
3200:
2151:
1844:
1654:
1465:
1185:
Takao, Kikuo; Uruga, Kenichi (August 2003), "Gauge Change EMU Train Outline",
1135:
843:
478:
434:
408:
86:
1714:
1369:
3375:
3354:
3231:
2885:
2865:
2790:
2770:
2587:
2513:
636:
509:
Two cars of the first-generation set stored at Tadotsu Works in October 2012
470:
1691:[Kumamoto: Free Gauge Train endurance testing shown off to media].
1199:
866:
Preserved car GCT01-201 at the Shikoku Railway Heritage Museum in May 2015
3452:
3359:
3328:
2727:
2286:
2272:
2233:
1859:
1389:
497:
One car of the first-generation set stored at Tadotsu Works in July 2008
399:
After preparation at the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) in
3195:
1518:[Free Gauge Train gauge-changing demonstrated at Shimonoseki].
1118:
1110:, scheduled to open in fiscal 2022, citing reasons of cost and safety.
1096:
482:
430:
404:
2854:
2184:
1545:"軌間可変電車に新型台車を装着" [Gauge Change Train fitted with new bogies].
3338:
3333:
3293:
2732:
2707:
2702:
2577:
2318:
474:
1772:
1271:"Nagasaki Shinkansen line project overhaul likely to prevent delays"
1158:, the concept of building narrow-gauge lines to Shinkansen standards
777:
Car 2 was fitted with 36 seats, tilting mechanism, and a pantograph.
1637:[Gauge Change Train 2nd-generation set cutting-up starts].
1247:. Japan: Railway Technical Research Institute. 2000. Archived from
874:
in July 2014 for display at the Shikoku Railway Heritage Museum in
3390:
3252:
2956:
2644:
2601:
861:
429:
From May to June 2003, the train was tested for the first time in
330:
The train was formed as shown below, with all three cars motored.
3288:
2712:
3068:
1817:
1659:[3rd-generation "Free Gauge Train" moved to Kumamoto].
1779:(in Japanese). Japan: Asahi Interactive Inc. 18 September 2014
1312:(in Japanese). Japan: Nikkei Inc. 13 June 2017. Archived from
1126:
tested from fiscal 2016 on the standard gauge (1,435 mm)
900:
The third-generation train, FGT-9000, on test in November 2014
1813:
834:
From June 2009, the train underwent test-running between the
1775:[JR West to build a Gauge Change Train test track].
727:
The train was formed as shown below, with all cars motored.
2859:
Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
1604:(in Japanese). Japan: Saga Prefecture. 2014. Archived from
1050:
The train is formed as shown below, with all cars motored.
469:
Testing ended in 2006, after which the train was stored at
54:
project started in 1994 to develop a high-speed train with
1723:(in Japanese). Japan: Mynavi Corporation. 24 December 2014
1364:. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. pp. 72–75.
1800:
940:
20,500 mm (67 ft 3 in) (intermediate cars)
605:
20,500 mm (67 ft 3 in) (intermediate car)
477:
Works. In April 2007, the train was moved to storage at
213:
20,500 mm (67 ft 3 in) (intermediate car)
139:
The first-generation train on the Yosan Line in May 2003
1214:. The Asahi Shimbun Company. 6 May 2012. Archived from
1806:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport details
1663:(in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 27 March 2014
1474:(in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 2 March 2014
1350:(457). Japan: Tetsudō Journal: 36–37. November 2004.
3425:
3399:
3368:
3347:
3281:
3240:
3224:
3178:
3100:
2929:
2898:
2846:
2839:
2813:
2752:
2745:
2665:
2568:
2522:
2506:
2440:
2433:
2390:
2363:
2296:
2243:
2204:
2197:
2125:
2109:
2080:
2057:
2024:
1988:
1911:
1878:
1858:
1851:
1496:"新形フリーゲージトレイン" [New Gauge-changing Train].
1454:(459). Japan: Tetsudō Journal: 92–93. January 2005.
995:
983:
970:
960:
952:
944:
934:
929:
921:
913:
905:
888:
670:
658:
645:
635:
625:
617:
609:
599:
594:
586:
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
538:
521:
280:
268:
255:
245:
235:
225:
217:
207:
202:
194:
186:
178:
170:
162:
144:
127:
1767:
1765:
1313:
1208:"New GCT train hampered by speed, weight problems"
938:23,075 mm (75 ft 8.5 in) (end cars)
603:23,075 mm (75 ft 8.5 in) (end cars)
211:23,075 mm (75 ft 8.5 in) (end cars)
1680:
1678:
1298:
1296:
976:25 kV AC (60 Hz), 20 kV AC (60 Hz), 1,500 V DC,
966:130 km/h (80 mph) (narrow gauge lines)
651:25 kV AC (60 Hz), 20 kV AC (60 Hz), 1,500 V DC,
631:130 km/h (81 mph) (narrow gauge lines)
261:25 kV AC (50/60), 20 kV AC (50/60), 1,500 V DC,
231:130 km/h (81 mph) (narrow gauge lines)
1695:(in Japanese). Japan: The Asahi Shimbun Company
964:270 km/h (170 mph) (shinkansen lines)
629:270 km/h (168 mph) (shinkansen lines)
229:300 km/h (186 mph) (shinkansen lines)
1565:[Completion of FGT endurance testing]
1121:planned to build a gauge-changing facility at
43:
3080:
2916:Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation
1829:
1752:[New experimental free gauge train].
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1628:
1626:
1491:
1489:
8:
3095:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains
1522:(in Japanese). 29 April 2009. Archived from
1441:
1439:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1801:Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI)
3087:
3073:
3065:
2843:
2749:
2437:
2201:
1855:
1836:
1822:
1814:
1420:(in Japanese). 10 May 2003. Archived from
885:
518:
407:tracks in January 1999 for testing on the
124:
1245:"RTRI REPORT, Vol.14 No.10, October 2000"
1212:The Asahi Shimbun: Asia & Japan Watch
1198:
1052:
1042:thrust bearing oil seals on the bogies.
729:
332:
1236:
780:
487:
1385:軌間可変電車(フリーゲージトレイン)国内走行試験 在来線130km/h達成
948:2,945 mm (9 ft 7.9 in)
613:2,945 mm (9 ft 7.9 in)
221:2,945 mm (9 ft 7.9 in)
109:Two three-car and one four-car "GCT"
7:
1470:[Gauge Change Train moved].
956:3,650 mm (12 ft 0 in)
621:4,030 mm (13 ft 3 in)
452:commenced on 23 August 2004 between
3133:Intercity EMU Experimental Platform
1716:九州新幹線のフリーゲージトレイン、欠損が見つかり耐久走行試験を一時休止
1685:Hikaru, Okumasa (20 October 2014).
842:130 km/h (81 mph) on the
515:Second-generation train (2006–2013)
58:to allow inter-running between the
121:First-generation train (1998–2006)
25:
3535:1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
1130:and narrow-gauge (1,067 mm)
27:Experimental Japanese train class
3505:Electric multiple units of Japan
2905:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2853:
2820:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2643:
2624:
2600:
2576:
2183:
2172:
2161:
2150:
1633:Uchida, Takao (November 2014).
1095:in Kobe, and car 2 was built by
894:
807:
795:
783:
641:max 12.5 t (27,558 lb)
527:
502:
490:
413:Transportation Technology Center
322:(50/60 Hz), or 1,500 V DC.
133:
1597:軌間可変電車(フリーゲージトレイン)の技術開発に関する技術評価
1091:Cars 1, 3, and 4 were built by
433:, running late at night on the
882:Third-generation train (2014–)
1:
2126:Narrow-gauge line (200+ km/h)
1661:Japan Railfan Magazine Online
1472:Japan Railfan Magazine Online
1173:Bradford Corporation Tramways
3515:Kinki Sharyo multiple units
3433:Budd Jet Car (Black Beetle)
1547:Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine
1362:プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World
858:Withdrawal and preservation
814:GCT01-203 in September 2012
802:GCT01-202 in September 2012
790:GCT01-201 in September 2012
465:Withdrawal and preservation
3556:
3510:High-speed trains of Japan
2911:Japanese National Railways
2826:Japanese National Railways
2071:Hokkaido Sapporo Extension
3484:List of high-speed trains
3466:
3108:CRH2C-2061, CRH380AM-0204
2950:
2143:
1912:Main lines (260–285 km/h)
1879:Main lines (300–320 km/h)
1688:熊本)フリーゲージトレインの耐久試験を報道陣に公開
1093:Kawasaki Heavy Industries
893:
526:
403:, the train was moved to
387:, and car 3 was built by
381:Kawasaki Heavy Industries
249:190 kW (255 hp)
149:Kawasaki Heavy Industries
132:
44:
3540:Tokyu Car multiple units
3407:Advanced Passenger Train
2100:Hokuriku Osaka Extension
2058:Lines under construction
1749:
1715:
1687:
1655:
1634:
1596:
1561:
1514:
1466:
1412:
1384:
1361:
1305:長崎新幹線、フリーゲージ車両の導入断念 JR九州
1304:
1187:Quarterly Report of RTRI
1006:3 ft 6 in
681:3 ft 6 in
291:3 ft 6 in
97:3 ft 6 in
3530:20 kV AC multiple units
3525:25 kV AC multiple units
3520:Kawasaki multiple units
1515:下関で車輪幅の変換試験を公開 フリーゲージ電車
1039:Shin-Yatsushiro Station
50:is the name given to a
2094:Nishi Kyushu Extension
1773:"フリーゲージトレイン実験線を開設、JR西"
1755:Japan Railfan Magazine
1640:Japan Railfan Magazine
1499:Japan Railfan Magazine
1275:Asia & Japan Watch
867:
111:electric multiple unit
3258:InterCityExperimental
1693:Asahi Shimbun Digital
1200:10.2219/rtriqr.44.103
865:
389:Tokyu Car Corporation
383:, car 2 was built by
239:RMT17 traction motors
157:Tokyu Car Corporation
3225:France & Germany
2088:Chuo Osaka Extension
1467:「フリーゲージトレイン」が甲種輸送される
1101:Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi
985:Current collector(s)
829:Nishi-Kokura Station
717:E3 Series Shinkansen
660:Current collector(s)
270:Current collector(s)
56:variable gauge axles
3191:AGV (Elisa, Pégase)
3053:aerial lifts (list)
2840:Builders and owners
2698:Class E926 "East i"
1656:「フリーゲージトレイン」3次車が熊本へ
1635:フリーゲージトレイン2次車の解体始まる
1281:on 25 February 2016
1251:on 17 February 2005
1128:Hokuriku Shinkansen
1108:Nagasaki Shinkansen
379:Car 1 was built by
251:per axle (25 kV AC)
115:Nagasaki Shinkansen
3412:British Rail APT-E
3324:Gauge Change Train
2723:Gauge Change Train
2025:Conventional lines
1576:on 25 January 2016
1413:フリーゲージトレイン、12日試験走行
1392:on 26 October 2007
1132:Hokuriku Main Line
972:Electric system(s)
889:Gauge Change Train
868:
647:Electric system(s)
522:Gauge Change Train
257:Electric system(s)
128:Gauge Change train
32:Gauge Change Train
18:Gauge change train
3492:
3491:
3062:
3061:
2925:
2924:
2835:
2834:
2741:
2740:
2429:
2428:
2141:
2140:
1562:FGT耐久走行試験の終了のお知らせ
1089:
1088:
1034:
1033:
836:Kyushu Shinkansen
774:
773:
709:
708:
443:Matsuyama Station
377:
376:
319:
318:
89:network, and the
16:(Redirected from
3547:
3438:Budd Silverliner
3426:USA & Canada
3268:Schienenzeppelin
3089:
3082:
3075:
3066:
2909:
2888:
2878:
2868:
2857:
2844:
2824:
2803:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2750:
2648:
2647:
2629:
2628:
2605:
2604:
2581:
2580:
2438:
2413:Genbi Shinkansen
2259:Hikari Rail Star
2202:
2187:
2176:
2165:
2154:
2049:
2038:
2016:
2005:
1980:
1969:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1903:
1892:
1862:lines (505 km/h)
1856:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1810:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1424:on July 17, 2011
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1203:
1202:
1053:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
898:
886:
811:
799:
787:
730:
704:
702:
701:
697:
694:
686:
682:
678:
563:Number preserved
531:
519:
506:
494:
458:Shin-Shimonoseki
450:Sanyo Shinkansen
417:Pueblo, Colorado
401:Kokubunji, Tokyo
333:
314:
312:
311:
307:
304:
296:
292:
288:
179:Number preserved
137:
125:
98:
93:
85:
79:
77:
76:
72:
69:
61:
49:
47:
46:
39:Free Gauge Train
21:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3479:High-speed rail
3462:
3421:
3395:
3364:
3343:
3277:
3236:
3220:
3174:
3096:
3093:
3063:
3058:
3057:
2983:Hakone Fuji Izu
2946:
2921:
2894:
2831:
2809:
2737:
2661:
2642:
2623:
2599:
2575:
2564:
2518:
2502:
2425:
2386:
2365:Mini-shinkansen
2359:
2292:
2239:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2137:
2121:
2110:Cancelled lines
2105:
2076:
2053:
2043:
2032:
2020:
2010:
1999:
1990:Mini-shinkansen
1984:
1974:
1963:
1952:
1941:
1930:
1919:
1907:
1897:
1886:
1874:
1847:
1842:
1808:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1751:
1750:フリーゲージトレイン新試験車両
1748:
1747:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1611:on July 7, 2014
1608:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1526:on 17 July 2011
1516:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1448:Railway Journal
1445:
1444:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1344:Railway Journal
1341:
1340:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1318:on 13 June 2017
1306:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1221:
1219:
1206:
1184:
1181:
1179:Further reading
1148:Mini-shinkansen
1144:
1123:Tsuruga Station
1116:
1048:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:4 ft
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
965:
939:
901:
884:
860:
825:
815:
812:
803:
800:
791:
788:
725:
699:
695:
692:
690:
689:4 ft
688:
684:
680:
676:
630:
604:
571:Number scrapped
534:
517:
510:
507:
498:
495:
467:
448:Testing on the
439:Sakaide Station
424:Nippo Main Line
397:
328:
309:
305:
302:
300:
299:4 ft
298:
294:
290:
286:
250:
240:
236:Traction system
230:
212:
187:Number scrapped
140:
123:
96:
91:
81:
74:
70:
67:
65:
64:4 ft
63:
59:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3553:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3400:United Kingdom
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2850:
2848:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2756:
2754:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2102:(date unknown)
2097:
2096:(date unknown)
2091:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2040:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2007:
1995:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1971:
1960:
1949:
1938:
1927:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1796:
1795:External links
1793:
1791:
1790:
1761:
1734:
1706:
1674:
1646:
1622:
1587:
1552:
1537:
1505:
1485:
1457:
1435:
1403:
1375:
1353:
1329:
1310:Nikkei Shimbun
1292:
1262:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1204:
1193:(3): 103–108,
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1163:Train on Train
1159:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1115:
1112:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1032:
1031:
999:
993:
992:
987:
981:
980:
974:
968:
967:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
942:
941:
936:
932:
931:
930:Specifications
927:
926:
923:
919:
918:
915:
911:
910:
907:
903:
902:
899:
891:
890:
883:
880:
859:
856:
824:
821:
817:
816:
813:
806:
804:
801:
794:
792:
789:
782:
779:
778:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
724:
721:
707:
706:
674:
668:
667:
662:
656:
655:
649:
643:
642:
639:
633:
632:
627:
623:
622:
619:
615:
614:
611:
607:
606:
601:
597:
596:
595:Specifications
592:
591:
588:
584:
583:
580:
576:
575:
572:
568:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
540:
536:
535:
532:
524:
523:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
501:
499:
496:
489:
466:
463:
454:Shin-Yamaguchi
396:
393:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
327:
324:
317:
316:
284:
278:
277:
272:
266:
265:
259:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
203:Specifications
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
146:
142:
141:
138:
130:
129:
122:
119:
83:standard gauge
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3552:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Grumman TACRV
3446:
3444:
3443:Garrett LIMRV
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Metro systems
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Doctor Yellow
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:Texas Central
2627:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:Service names
2196:
2186:
2175:
2164:
2153:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:Planned lines
2079:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:Hakata-Minami
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1809:(in Japanese)
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1745:
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1675:
1662:
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1623:
1607:
1599:
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1572:
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1509:
1506:
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1492:
1490:
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1423:
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1407:
1404:
1391:
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1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1354:
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1334:
1330:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1297:
1293:
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1276:
1272:
1266:
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1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1218:on 6 May 2012
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Seikan Tunnel
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1114:JR West plans
1113:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1010:1,435 mm
1002:1,067 mm
1000:
998:
994:
991:
988:
986:
982:
979:
978:Overhead wire
975:
973:
969:
963:
961:Maximum speed
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
937:
933:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
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881:
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877:
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864:
857:
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849:
845:
839:
837:
832:
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752:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
728:
722:
720:
718:
713:
685:1,435 mm
677:1,067 mm
675:
673:
669:
666:
663:
661:
657:
654:
653:Overhead wire
650:
648:
644:
640:
638:
634:
628:
626:Maximum speed
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
602:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
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335:
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331:
325:
323:
295:1,435 mm
287:1,067 mm
285:
283:
279:
276:
273:
271:
267:
264:
263:Overhead wire
260:
258:
254:
248:
244:
241:(x2 per axle)
238:
234:
228:
226:Maximum speed
224:
220:
216:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
136:
131:
126:
120:
118:
116:
112:
107:
105:
104:regional rail
102:
94:
92:1,067 mm
88:
84:
60:1,435 mm
57:
53:
40:
36:
33:
19:
3470:
3348:Korea, South
3323:
3248:DB Class 403
3048:trams (list)
2955:
2722:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2391:Discontinued
2379:
2372:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2244:Limited-stop
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2133:Super Tokkyū
2045:
2034:
2012:
2001:
1976:
1966:Nishi Kyushu
1965:
1954:
1943:
1932:
1921:
1899:
1888:
1783:24 September
1781:. Retrieved
1776:
1753:
1725:. Retrieved
1720:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1665:. Retrieved
1660:
1649:
1638:
1613:. Retrieved
1606:the original
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1555:
1546:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:the original
1519:
1508:
1497:
1476:. Retrieved
1471:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1418:Shikoku News
1417:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:the original
1378:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1320:. Retrieved
1315:the original
1309:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1274:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:the original
1239:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1211:
1190:
1186:
1161:
1155:Super Tokkyū
1153:
1117:
1105:
1090:
1049:
1035:
914:Number built
876:Saijō, Ehime
869:
840:
833:
826:
818:
747:Designation
726:
714:
710:
555:Number built
468:
447:
428:
421:
398:
385:Kinki Sharyo
378:
350:Designation
329:
320:
246:Power output
171:Number built
153:Kinki Sharyo
145:Manufacturer
108:
101:narrow gauge
38:
34:
31:
29:
3319:Fastech 360
2942:Shinji Sogō
2937:Hideo Shima
2765:JR Hokkaido
2718:Fastech 360
2666:Non-revenue
2458:N700/ N700A
2434:Train types
2046:Gala-Yuzawa
1777:Tetsudo.com
1727:27 December
1721:Mynavi News
1428:7 September
1285:23 November
997:Track gauge
906:Constructed
672:Track gauge
539:Constructed
426:in Kyushu.
282:Track gauge
163:Constructed
3499:Categories
3458:Rohr UTACV
3314:Class 1000
3273:Transrapid
3263:Rohr UTACV
3043:Shinkansen
2968:Keihanshin
2880:JR Central
2785:JR Central
2673:Class 1000
2441:In service
1992:(130 km/h)
1845:Shinkansen
1699:25 October
1520:Kyodo News
1396:26 January
1255:26 January
1232:References
1136:Kosei Line
1073:Numbering
990:Pantograph
935:Car length
917:4 vehicles
844:Yosan Line
770:GCT01-203
761:Numbering
665:Pantograph
600:Car length
574:2 vehicles
558:3 vehicles
479:JR Shikoku
435:Yosan Line
409:Sanin Line
364:Numbering
275:Pantograph
208:Car length
190:2 vehicles
174:3 vehicles
87:Shinkansen
45:フリーゲージトレイン
3471:See also:
3376:Aerowagon
3355:HEMU-430X
3309:Class 962
3304:Class 961
3299:Class 951
3232:Eurotrain
3186:Aérotrain
3028:Hiroshima
2828:(1964–87)
2805:JR Kyushu
2746:Operators
2688:Class 962
2683:Class 961
2678:Class 951
1370:170056962
1085:FGT-9004
1046:Formation
925:4-car set
922:Formation
872:Iyo-Saijo
852:Matsuyama
767:GCT01-202
764:GCT01-201
723:Formation
637:Axle load
582:3-car set
579:Formation
566:1 vehicle
471:JR Kyushu
326:Formation
198:3-car set
195:Formation
182:1 vehicle
106:network.
3474:Category
3453:JetTrain
3360:HSR-350x
3329:SCMaglev
2988:Hokkaido
2507:On order
2333:Tanigawa
2297:Stopping
2287:Yamabiko
2273:Hakutaka
2234:Kagayaki
2220:Hayabusa
2002:Yamagata
1977:Hokkaido
1944:Hokuriku
1860:SCMaglev
1667:27 March
1222:24 April
1142:See also
1082:FGT-9003
1079:FGT-9002
1076:FGT-9001
1028: in
703: in
587:Capacity
547:Scrapped
437:between
373:GCT01-3
313: in
78: in
52:Japanese
48:, "FGT")
3241:Germany
3196:TGV 001
3170:Tianchi
3033:Shikoku
3023:Okayama
3008:Niigata
2978:Fukuoka
2959:transit
2890:JR West
2870:JR East
2847:Current
2795:JR West
2775:JR East
2753:Current
2617:CRH380A
2523:Retired
2420:Toreiyu
2381:Komachi
2374:Tsubasa
2347:Tsurugi
2326:Tsubame
1922:Tōkaidō
1478:3 March
1322:13 June
1119:JR West
1097:Hitachi
1056:Car No.
1023:⁄
848:Tadotsu
823:History
733:Car No.
698:⁄
483:Tadotsu
431:Shikoku
405:JR West
395:History
370:GCT01-2
367:GCT01-1
336:Car No.
308:⁄
73:⁄
3417:RTV 31
3339:WIN350
3334:STAR21
3294:ALFA-X
3206:TGV 88
3201:TGV 2N
3179:France
3018:Nagano
3013:Toyama
2998:Sendai
2993:Aomori
2973:Nagoya
2930:People
2918:(JRCC)
2899:Former
2861:(JRTT)
2814:Former
2733:ALFA-X
2728:MLX-01
2708:STAR21
2703:WIN350
2650:NHSRCL
2569:Export
2354:Kamome
2319:Nasuno
2312:Hayate
2305:Kodama
2266:Sakura
2252:Hikari
2227:Mizuho
2213:Nozomi
2117:Narita
2090:(2037)
2073:(2031)
2067:(2027)
2048:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1955:Kyushu
1953:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1933:Joetsu
1931:
1924:
1920:
1902:
1900:Tohoku
1898:
1891:
1887:
1871:(2027)
1615:7 July
1580:7 July
1368:
953:Height
618:Height
475:Kokura
3391:TEP80
3381:Sokol
3282:Japan
3253:ICE S
3211:TGV P
3101:China
3003:Akita
2963:Tokyo
2957:Japan
2636:N700S
2593:N700S
2493:E7/W7
2483:E5/H5
2463:N700S
2406:Asahi
2340:Asama
2013:Akita
1889:Sanyō
1852:Lines
1609:(PDF)
1602:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1567:(PDF)
1530:5 May
945:Width
610:Width
359:M'c2
218:Width
35:(GCT)
3369:USSR
3289:300X
3216:V150
3128:DJJ2
3123:DJJ1
3118:DDJ1
3113:DJF2
2713:300X
2612:CRH2
2588:700T
2583:THSR
2399:Aoba
2280:Toki
2205:Fast
2065:Chuo
1869:Chuo
1785:2014
1729:2014
1701:2014
1669:2014
1617:2014
1582:2014
1532:2009
1480:2014
1430:2008
1398:2012
1366:OCLC
1324:2017
1287:2016
1257:2012
1224:2017
1134:and
1008:) –
909:2014
850:and
756:Mc4
683:) –
550:2014
542:2006
456:and
441:and
353:M'c1
293:) –
166:1998
30:The
3386:SVL
3163:CJ6
3158:CJ5
3153:CJ4
3148:CJ3
3143:CJ2
3138:CJ1
2607:CRH
2550:400
2545:300
2540:200
2535:100
2468:800
2453:700
2448:500
1195:doi
1099:in
750:Mc3
481:'s
473:'s
415:in
37:or
3501::
2961::
2655:E5
2560:E4
2555:E1
2514:L0
2498:E8
2488:E6
2478:E3
2473:E2
1764:^
1737:^
1677:^
1625:^
1488:^
1452:39
1450:.
1438:^
1416:.
1348:38
1346:.
1332:^
1295:^
1273:.
1210:.
1191:44
1189:,
1068:4
831:.
753:M2
742:3
590:36
445:.
391:.
356:M1
345:3
155:,
151:,
99:)
80:)
3088:e
3081:t
3074:v
2530:0
1837:e
1830:t
1823:v
1787:.
1731:.
1703:.
1671:.
1619:.
1584:.
1534:.
1482:.
1432:.
1400:.
1372:.
1326:.
1289:.
1259:.
1226:.
1197::
1065:3
1062:2
1059:1
1030:)
1025:2
1021:1
1018:+
1016:8
1012:(
1004:(
739:2
736:1
705:)
700:2
696:1
693:+
691:8
687:(
679:(
342:2
339:1
315:)
310:2
306:1
303:+
301:8
297:(
289:(
95:(
75:2
71:1
68:+
66:8
62:(
42:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.