140:. When living in St. Louis, they developed a correspondence course through which to teach people about Wicca, advertizing these courses as the "School of Wicca". They argued that by spreading their religious teaching in the form of a correspondence course, they were reaching a wider range of people than initiatory-based forms of Wicca, and that this would be necessary in order for the religion to become a "strong religious force". They believed strongly that Wicca should be presented publicly, believing that the secrecy that is observed by some Wiccan groups brought mistrust and persecution from wider society.
1239:
38:
145:"The people who really get in trouble are the people who are semisecret; that's how rumors start. Be public. The government will defend your right to the bitter end, because that's the way we're set up in the U.S. But if you're private and secret then people will come around and burn down your barn in the middle of the night. And then who will defend you."
220:, which generated outrage within the Wiccan community. Many critics referred to it as a "witchcrap book". Many of the central teachings featured in the book, such as its emphasis upon the existence of an asexual monotheistic deity, were completely contradictory to mainstream Wiccan belief. Many Wiccans were angered at the word
212:
suggested that much of this controversy stemmed from Gavin's "wry and rather bizarre sense of humor, and his tendency to say anything to get a rise out of someone", something which she thought had resulted in the Frosts often being "misunderstood". In person, she thought, the Frosts "have always been
155:
The Frosts had adopted the term "Wicca" in the late 1960s, when it was gaining increasing usage within the pagan witchcraft community, as a name for their religion. The pair resisted using the term "pagan" until the late 1970s. In 1975, Yvonne stated that "I do not consider myself a pagan. I do not
236:
religion. Gavin asserted that there is one god, which is abstract, unknowable, and beyond the need for any worship. This is one of the teachings which distinguishes it from other Wiccan groups. Unlike many other Wiccan groups, there was no particular emphasis upon female divinity or the feminine,
176:, in 1974. There they tried to establish a survival community, but it failed to materialize. In the late 1970s, they began holding an annual "Samhain Seminar", in which workshops, rituals, and lectures took place, primarily for students of their correspondence course. In 1996, they relocated to
350:
several other churches and groups. In the early years of the Church, ordination to individuals and sometimes even charters to churches had at times been offered solely on the basis of the Church's correspondence courses. However, due to a few incidents of fraudulent use of Church credentials,
163:
in 1972; this resulted in his church becoming the first recognized church of Wicca in the United States. Later that year, they began working on their Church and School full time. Gavin appointed himself as its archbishop, and Yvonne as a bishop, and they awarded themselves
351:
misconduct by these individuals, and/or the use of course material to defame the Church and the religion of Wicca, along with public controversy about these instances, this practice was abandoned as of 1976. In some cases, charters have been revoked.
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The School's curriculum includes classes on a variety of subjects associated both with Wicca as a religion and with occult and metaphysical studies and practices in general. These classes begin with an "Essential
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Tens of thousands of students have begun the School's twelve-lesson course in Wicca, although only a few thousand have finished it due to the rigor of the course. In 2006, the Wiccan journalist
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upheld the original decision. This made the Church of Wicca the only federally recognized Wiccan church to have its status as a religion upheld in a federal appeals court.
224:
as it appeared in the title, presupposing that it carried some form of authority within the Wiccan community. Its comments on race and sex also caused controversy.
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Within the
American Wiccan and wider modern pagan community, the Frosts have been at the center of various disputes, particularly surrounding issues such as
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ruled that Wicca constitutes a legitimate religion under U.S. law. The
Virginia prison authorities appealed the case, and in 1986, Judge J. Butzner of the
124:
The Church of Wicca was founded in 1968. Gavin Frost was a
British-born aerospace engineer. While working for an aerospace company in southern England's
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realm, which they called the "Sidhe", is structured into ten levels. They taught that each human has a soul which undergoes a progressive system of
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suggested that the School of Wicca may have been responsible for the formation of as many as one hundred covens.
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180:. They subsequently moved to West Virginia in 1993, where Gavin died on 11 September 2016 at the age of 86.
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702:
Doyle White, Ethan (2010). "The
Meaning of "Wicca": A Study in Etymology, History and Pagan Politics".
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delightful", with Gavin being "kind and humorous" and Yvonne being "forthright and even a bit prim".
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He also expressed belief in "stone gods" β idols which are created by humans as a storage for
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In conjunction with his lawyers, Gavin secured religious recognition for his church from the
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1076:
The Witch's Book of
Magical Ritual: Use the Forces of Wicca to Direct Your Psychic Powers
1095:
A Witch's Guide to
Psychic Healing: Applying Traditional Therapies, Rituals, and Systems
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Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers and Other Pagans in
America
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1958:
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763:
Bull of Heaven: The Mythic Life of Eddie
Buczynski and the Rise of the New York Pagan
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on the Frosts' unique interpretation of Wicca. The Church and School are located in
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worship any nature deity. I reach upward to the unnameable which has no gender".
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in 1968. It was the first federally recognized Church of the religion known as
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A Witch's
Grimoire of Ancient Omens, Portents, Talismans, Amulets, and Charms
1968:
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with Gavin calling beliefs about ancient matriarchies "a
Marxist heresy".
128:β an area replete with prehistoric monuments, he became interested in the
1993:
1988:
1973:
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295:" course, which lasts "a year and a day". Other topics include: Advanced
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1983:
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924:
Astral Travel: Your Guide to the Secrets of Out-of-the-Body Experiences
532:
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331:
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338:. Much of the course of study is available to the student on video.
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1998:
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529:"Gavin Frost, author and lecturer on modern witchcraft, has died"
2003:
1872:
725:
Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft
266:
sex practices. These included "introitus", in which sex without
136:. He then claimed to have been initiated into a Wiccan group in
1170:
1038:
Magic Power of White Witchcraft: Revised for the New Millennium
315:, Mystical Awareness, a Natural Wicca Survey Course, Practical
685:
Her Hidden Children: The Rise of Wicca and Paganism in America
746:(third ed.). New York: Checkmark Books. pp. 61β62.
742:
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen (2008). "Church and School of Wicca".
259:
had resulted in "inferior souls" incarnating upon the earth.
981:
Who Speaks for the Witch: An it Harm None, Do what You Will
704:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
2215:
Distance education institutions based in the United States
727:. Brighton, Chicago, and Toronto: Sussex Academic Press.
270:
was held as a form of surrender to the monotheistic god.
1159:
943:
Tantric Yoga: The Royal Path to Raising Kundalini Power
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255:, through which it can learn. The Frosts believed that
132:. His wife Yvonne was an American with a background in
905:
Power Secrets from a Sorcerer's Private Magnum Arcanum
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244:, which can then be utilized for magical purposes.
77:
69:
55:
47:
744:The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca
183:In 1985, the Church of Wicca was involved in the
791:Witchcraft, the Way to Serenity: School of Wicca
168:through their church. The couple moved first to
1133:Good Witches Fly Smoothly: Surviving Witchcraft
143:
2240:Modern pagan organizations established in 1968
1182:
8:
2235:Educational institutions established in 1968
848:Meta-Psychometry: Key to Power and Abundance
30:
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172:, where they ran a pig farm), and then to
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232:The Church of Wicca defines Wicca as a
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42:Logo of the Church and School of Wicca
765:. Hubbarston, Mass.: Asphodel Press.
665:(Revised ed.). London: Penguin.
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7:
2026:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
1131:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (2006).
1112:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (2004).
1093:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (2003).
1074:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (2002).
1055:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (2000).
1036:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1999).
1017:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1999).
998:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1992).
960:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1991).
941:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1989).
922:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1986).
903:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1980).
884:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1980).
865:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1979).
846:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1978).
827:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1976).
808:Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1972).
2230:Wiccan schools in the United States
2110:Left-hand path and right-hand path
812:. Berkley Publishing Corporation.
25:
1765:Spellwork / Incantation
1237:
886:Helping Yourself with Astromancy
27:American witchcraft organization
2187:Witchcraft Research Association
687:. Oxford and Lanham: AltaMira.
2182:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
1594:Holly King / Oak King
628:The Church and School of Wicca
535:. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
527:Aloi, Peg (12 September 2016)
90:The Church and School of Wicca
31:The Church and School of Wicca
1:
907:. Parker Publishing Company.
888:. Parker Publishing Company.
869:. Parker Publishing Company.
850:. Parker Publishing Company.
829:The Magic Power of Witchcraft
216:They published a book titled
2085:List of Wiccan organisations
1059:. Penguin Publishing Group.
1057:The Witch's Magical Handbook
1040:. Penguin Publishing Group.
1283:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
723:Doyle White, Ethan (2016).
247:The Church taught that the
2256:
1314:Church and School of Wicca
1235:
761:Lloyd, Michael G. (2012).
480:
191:District Court of Virginia
2220:Religion in West Virginia
2033:The Meaning of Witchcraft
73:Hinton, West Virginia, US
35:
1632:Wiccan views of divinity
1369:Universal Eclectic Wicca
642:"Gavin and Yvonne Frost"
174:New Bern, North Carolina
161:Internal Revenue Service
2115:Cunning folk in Britain
831:. Prentice Hall Books.
793:. Esoteric Publishing.
659:Adler, Margot (2006) .
189:case, during which the
1899:Magical tools in Wicca
1471:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
716:10.1558/pome.v12i2.185
346:The Church and School
166:doctorates of divinity
150:Gavin and Yvonne Frost
147:
114:Beckley, West Virginia
110:correspondence courses
108:. It is known for its
83:Gavin and Yvonne Frost
60:New Religious Movement
2105:Witch-cult hypothesis
2061:Charge of the Goddess
1802:Solitary practitioner
1720:Drawing down the Moon
1501:Cerridwen Fallingstar
1222:Wicca and LGBT people
979:Frost, Gavin (1992).
789:Frost, Gavin (1972).
195:Federal Appeals Court
178:Hinton, West Virginia
2225:Wiccan organisations
1278:Central Valley Wicca
1116:. Red Wheel/Weiser.
1097:. Red Wheel/Weiser.
926:. Red Wheel/Weiser.
596:, pp. 133, 134.
2126:Malleus Maleficarum
2120:European witchcraft
2100:Neopagan witchcraft
1255:British Traditional
1198:Neopagan witchcraft
1135:. Outskirts Press.
1114:The Solitary Wiccan
1021:. Godolphin House.
1002:. Godolphin House.
983:. Godolphin House.
962:The Prophet's Bible
584:, pp. 96, 131.
572:, pp. 131β132.
366:Wiccan organisation
361:Neopagan witchcraft
228:Belief and teaching
138:St. Louis, Missouri
32:
2141:Magical alphabets
2090:Bricket Wood coven
2068:Enchanted Feminism
1461:Zsuzsanna Budapest
1217:Etymology of Wicca
1019:Good Witch's Bible
262:The Church taught
2202:
2201:
1823:Wheel of the Year
1476:Patricia Crowther
1377:
1376:
1263:Alexandrian Wicca
1228:Dettmer v. Landon
1142:978-1-59800-774-9
1123:978-1-57863-313-5
1104:978-1-57863-295-4
1066:978-0-7352-0200-9
1047:978-0-7352-0093-7
1028:978-0-9630657-6-6
1009:978-0-9630657-5-9
990:978-0-9630657-3-5
971:978-0-87728-677-6
952:978-0-87728-692-9
933:978-0-87728-336-2
914:978-0-13-687251-1
895:978-0-13-386243-0
876:978-0-13-961557-3
857:978-0-13-578583-6
838:978-0-13-545368-1
819:978-0-42-502875-9
810:The Witch's Bible
800:978-0-89-861009-3
772:978-1-938197-04-8
734:978-1-84519-754-4
694:978-0-7591-0202-6
672:978-0-14-303819-1
297:Celtic Witchcraft
274:Impact and legacy
218:The Witch's Bible
186:Dettmer v. Landon
87:
86:
16:(Redirected from
2247:
2172:Witches' Sabbath
2095:New Forest coven
2054:Witchcraft Today
2040:The Spiral Dance
1587:Spirit of nature
1546:Silver RavenWolf
1491:Scott Cunningham
1481:Vivianne Crowley
1451:Raymond Buckland
1319:Cochrane's Craft
1288:Gardnerian Wicca
1251:
1241:
1212:History of Wicca
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1160:Official website
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1078:. Reward Books.
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1790:Rite of passage
1755:Herbal medicine
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1617:Wiccan morality
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1541:Rosaleen Norton
1536:Frederic Lamond
1531:Philip Heselton
1486:Robert Cochrane
1466:Charles Cardell
1456:Eddie Buczynski
1426:Victor Anderson
1396:Doreen Valiente
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1273:Blue Star Wicca
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1572:Triple Goddess
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1349:Odyssean Wicca
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1344:Georgian Wicca
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1304:1734 Tradition
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1506:Janet Farrar
1421:Margot Adler
1401:Alex Sanders
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70:Headquarters
64:Celtic Wicca
1730:Handfasting
1657:White magic
1622:Wiccan Rede
1521:Gavin Frost
1441:Lois Bourne
1334:Faery Wicca
1000:Witch Words
652:Works cited
533:Patheos.com
457:Guiley 2008
388:Guiley 2008
94:Gavin Frost
18:Gavin Frost
2209:Categories
2167:Witch-hunt
2018:Literature
1999:Tarot deck
1858:Lughnasadh
1785:Initiation
1780:Invocation
1775:Divination
1725:Great rite
1713:and ritual
1692:Watchtower
1662:Otherworld
1652:Witchcraft
1642:Craft name
1577:Horned God
1436:Gavin Bone
1411:Sybil Leek
1364:Stregheria
1354:Reclaiming
1247:Traditions
611:Adler 2006
594:Adler 2006
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570:Adler 2006
558:Adler 2006
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469:Adler 2006
428:Adler 2006
372:References
321:Prediction
313:Graphology
293:Witchcraft
286:Curriculum
1969:Parchment
1883:Wild Hunt
1853:Midsummer
1770:Banishing
1735:Wiccaning
1582:Green Man
1359:Seax-Wica
483:. p. 193.
348:chartered
309:Astrology
301:Shamanism
264:kundalini
48:Formation
1994:Talisman
1974:Pentacle
1944:Cauldron
1828:Solstice
1816:Holidays
1697:Familiar
1687:Summoner
1610:concepts
1551:Starhawk
683:(2006).
355:See also
342:Charters
206:theology
79:Founders
2078:Related
1984:Scourge
1964:Incense
1939:Candles
1868:Samhain
1848:Beltane
1833:Equinox
1760:Scrying
1702:Animism
1682:Skyclad
1565:Deities
1431:Artemis
1384:figures
1382:Notable
1205:History
332:Healing
325:Psychic
317:Sorcery
120:History
104:in the
2155:Hebrew
2150:Theban
1989:Statue
1949:Censer
1929:Boline
1914:Athame
1909:Amulet
1843:Ostara
1838:Imbolc
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624:"Home"
334:, and
329:Herbal
268:orgasm
249:astral
242:energy
130:druids
2145:Runes
1979:Runes
1924:Besom
1904:Altar
1878:Esbat
1863:Mabon
1711:Rites
1677:Karma
1647:Magic
1637:Coven
1297:Other
102:Wicca
2004:Wand
1959:Horn
1919:Bell
1873:Yule
1416:Dafo
1339:Feri
1137:ISBN
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327:and
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51:1968
1608:Key
712:doi
222:The
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