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extended, since they were powered by the number one hydraulic system, which was still functioning, but the outboard trailing edge flaps did not, because they were powered by the number four hydraulic system, which had failed when the number four engine broke away. The partial flap condition meant that the aircraft would have a higher pitch attitude than normal as it slowed down. The leading edge slats extended on the left wing, but not on the right wing, because of the extensive damage sustained when the engines separated, which had also severely disrupted the air flow over the right wing. That differential configuration caused the left wing to generate significantly more
706:-747 pylon was found to be inadequate to provide the required level of safety. Furthermore the system to ensure structural integrity by inspection failed. This ultimately caused – probably initiated by fatigue in the inboard midspar fuse-pin – the no. 3 pylon and engine to separate from the wing in such a way that the no. 4 pylon and engine were torn off, part of the leading edge of the wing was damaged and the use of several systems was lost or limited. This subsequently left the flight crew with very limited control of the airplane. Because of the marginal controllability a safe landing became highly improbable, if not virtually impossible.
511:(ATC) and indicated that they wanted to return to Schiphol. At 18:28:45, the first officer reported: "El Al 1862, lost number three and number four engine, number three and number four engine." ATC and the flight crew did not yet grasp the severity of the situation. Although the flight crew knew they had lost power from the engines, they did not see that the engines themselves had completely broken off and that the wing had been damaged. The outboard engine on the wing of a 747 is visible from the
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late 1950s. He had over 25,000 flight hours, including 9,500 hours on the Boeing 747. First officer Ohad had less experience than the other two crew members, having logged 4,288 flight hours, 612 of them on the Boeing 747. Flight
Engineer Sofer was the most experienced crew member on the flight, with more than 26,000 hours of flight experience, of which 15,000 were on the Boeing 747.
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967:, had been included in the cargo. The chemical's primary commercial use is as a flame retardant. Other commercial uses include being a preignition additive for gasoline, anti-foaming agent, plasticizer, stabilizer, textile conditioner, antistatic agent, an additive for solvents and low-temperature hydraulic fluids, and as a catalyst/reagent in the organic synthesis of
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579:(literally "It has happened", but colloquially "It is over"). At that moment a large smoke plume emanating from the crash scene was visible from the control tower. The aircraft had disappeared from arrival control radar. The arrival controllers reported that the aircraft had last been located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi; 0.81 nmi) west of
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right wing was sufficient to keep the aircraft aloft. Once it had to reduce speed for landing, the amount of lift on the right wing was insufficient to enable stable flight, so a safe landing would have been very difficult to achieve. The aircraft then banked sharply to the right with very little chance of recovery.
2238:. The episode is called High Rise Catastrophe. The computer graphics in the documentary wrongly painted the aircraft in El Al's passenger aircraft livery, while in reality, the crashed aircraft lacks the painting of Israel flag and airline identity, and only the word "Cargo" appear on both sides of the aircraft.
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Studies were suggested to be undertaken on the symptoms of the affected survivors and service personnel, but for several years, these suggestions were ignored on the basis that no practical reason would lead one to believe in any link between the health symptoms of the survivors and the
Bijlmer crash
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was recovered from the crash site and was heavily damaged, with the tape broken in four places. The section containing the data from the last two and a half minutes of the flight was particularly damaged. The recorder was sent to the United States for recovery and the data was successfully extracted.
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The crash was also witnessed by people in a nearby fire station on
Flierbosdreef. First responders came upon a rapidly spreading fire of "gigantic proportions" that consumed all 11 floors of the buildings and was 120 metres (390 ft) wide. No one survived from the crash point, but some managed to
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neighbourhood of
Amsterdam, at the corner of a building where the Groeneveen complex met the Klein-Kruitberg complex. It exploded in a fireball, which caused the building to partially collapse inward, destroying dozens of apartments. The cockpit came to rest east of the building, between the building
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only with difficulty and the inboard engine on the wing is not visible at all. Given the choices that the captain and crew made following the loss of engine power, the Dutch parliamentary inquiry commission that later studied the crash concluded that the crew did not know that both engines had broken
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on
October 4, 2022, the thirty-year anniversary of the crash. It follows a Bijlmermeer-based veterinarian and two journalists who find themselves drawn into a years-long investigation into the many puzzling questions surrounding the official narrative about the crash. The series was awarded the 2022
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was inoperative and because the thrust of the left engines was increased in an attempt to reduce the aircraft's very high sink rate. As the aircraft slowed, the ability of the remaining controls to counteract the right roll diminished. The crew finally lost almost all ability to prevent the aircraft
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The aircraft was still too high and close to land when it circled back to the airport. It was forced to continue circling
Amsterdam until it could reduce altitude to that required for a final approach to landing. During the second circle, the wing flaps were extended. The inboard trailing edge flaps
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At the time of the crash, two police officers were in
Bijlmermeer checking on a burglary report. They saw the aircraft plummet and immediately sounded an alarm. The first fire trucks and rescue services arrived within a few minutes of the crash. Nearby hospitals were advised to prepare for hundreds
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Gedalya Sofer (61). A single passenger named Anat
Solomon (23) was on board. She was an El Al employee based in Amsterdam, and was travelling to Tel Aviv to marry another El Al employee. Captain Fuchs was an experienced aviator, having flown as a fighter-bomber pilot in the Israeli air force in the
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Research indicated that the crew were able to keep the aircraft in the air at first due to its high air speed (280 knots), though the damage to the right wing, resulting in reduced lift, had made keeping level more difficult. At 280 kn (520 km/h; 320 mph), nevertheless, lift on the
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4 (right wing, farthest from fuselage), tearing it from the wing. The two engines fell away from the aircraft, also ripping out a 10 m (33 ft) stretch of the wing's leading edge. The loud noise attracted the attention of some pleasure boaters on the
Gooimeer. The boaters notified the
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Mental health care was available after the crash to all affected residents and service personnel. After about a year, many residents and service personnel began approaching doctors with physical health symptoms, which the affected patients blamed on the El Al crash. Insomnia, chronic respiratory
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This sequence of consecutive failures caused the inboard engine and pylon to break free. Its trajectory after breaking off the wing caused it to slam into the outboard engine and rip it and its pylon off the wing. Serious damage was also caused to the leading edge of the right wing. Both loss of
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among the survivors could be directly attributed to the crash, and health notices were distributed to doctors throughout the
Netherlands requesting that extra attention be paid to symptoms of autoimmune disorder, particularly if the patient had a link with the Bijlmer crash site. Another study,
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43 people were killed, including all four on board and 39 on the ground. 11 people were seriously injured and 15 received minor injuries. The exact number killed on the ground is uncertain, as the building housed many unregistered residents. The crash is the deadliest aviation disaster to have
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Forty-three people were killed in the disaster: all four occupants of the aircraft (three crew members and one nonrevenue passenger) and 39 people on the ground. This was considerably lower than expected; the police had originally estimated a death toll over 200 and Amsterdam Mayor
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During the last moments of the flight, the ATCs made several desperate attempts to contact the aircraft. The Schiphol arrival controllers work from a closed building at Schiphol-East, not from the control tower. At 18:35:45, the control tower reported to the arrival controllers:
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to the wing are designed to fracture cleanly, allowing the engine to separate from the aircraft without damaging the wing or wing fuel tank. Airliners are generally designed to remain airworthy in the event of an engine failure or separation, so they can be landed safely.
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El Al Flight 1862 was scheduled to depart at 17:30, but was delayed until 18:20. It departed from runway 01L Zwanenburgbaan (now known as runway 36C) on a northerly heading at 18:22. Once airborne, the aircraft turned to the right. Soon after the turn, at 18:27, above the
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On the night of the crash, the landing runway in use at Schiphol was runway 06. The crew requested runway 27 – Schiphol's longest – for an emergency landing, even though it meant landing with a 21-knot (10.8 m/s; 38.9 km/h; 24.2 mph) quartering tailwind.
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license. According to the chemical weapons website CWInfo, the quantity involved was "too small for the preparation of a militarily useful quantity of Sarin, but would be consistent with making small quantities for testing detection methods and protective clothing."
944:, concluded that although toxic products had been released at the time of the crash, the added risks of cancer were small, about one or two additional cases per 10,000 exposed persons. The institute also concluded that the chances of uranium poisoning were minimal.
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that dangerous products would have been released during combustion of the depleted uranium in the tail of the Boeing 747. - an eventuality given consideration, but ruled out as improbable, in the Netherlands Air Safety Board's 1994 final report of the accident.
1025:. Engines No. 3 and No. 4 (Both right wing engines) detached from the aircraft – this time on a Boeing 707. Again, No. 3 engine detached and collided with No. 4 engine, tearing it off as well. On this occasion, the crew was able to land safely at
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After this accident, Boeing issued a service directive to all owners of the 747 regarding its fuse pins. Engines and pylons had to be removed from 747s and the fuse pins examined for defects. If cracks were present, the pins were to be replaced.
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At 18:35:25, the first officer radioed to ATC: "Going down, 1862, going down, going down, copied, going down." In the background, the captain was heard instructing the first officer in Hebrew to raise the flaps and lower the landing gear.
442:, a lake near Amsterdam, witnesses on the ground heard a sharp bang and saw falling debris, a trail of smoke, and a momentary flash of fire on the right wing while the aircraft was climbing through 1,950 m (6,400 ft). Engine No.
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In the days immediately following the disaster, bodies of victims were recovered from the crash site. The mayor ordered rubble and aircraft wreckage removed, and investigators found the critical engine pylon fuse pins in the
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Hundreds of people were left homeless by the crash; the city's municipal buses were used to transport survivors to emergency shelters. Firefighters and police were also forced to deal with reports of looting in the area.
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of two objects they had seen falling from the sky. One boater, a police officer, said he initially thought the two falling objects were parachutists, but as they fell closer he could see that they were plane engines.
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nerve gases. The State of Israel noted that the chemical had been listed on the cargo manifest in accordance with international regulations, the material was nontoxic, and its intended use was to test the filters of
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627:. The two fallen engines were recovered from the Gooimeer, as were pieces of a 9-metre (30 ft) section of the right wing's leading edge. The remains of the aircraft were transported to Schiphol for analysis.
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than the right, especially when the pitch attitude increased as the airspeed decreased. The increased lift on the left side increased the tendency to roll further to the right, both because the right outboard
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The wind was initially from 40 degrees at 21 knots (10.8 m/s; 38.9 km/h; 24.2 mph), and then 50 at 22 knots (11.3 m/s; 40.7 km/h; 25.3 mph). Runway 27 is aligned due west.
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Dutch officials from government departments of transport and of public health asserted that at the time of the crash, they understood that no health risks existed from any cargo on the aircraft;
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of casualties. The complex was partly inhabited by immigrants from Suriname and Aruba, both former Dutch colonies, and the death toll was difficult to estimate in the hours after the crash.
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A belief has persisted that the actual number of victims killed in the crash was considerably higher. Bijlmermeer has a high number of residents living there illegally, particularly from
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The jet landed in Schiphol at 14:40 for cargo loading and crew change. The aircraft was refueled and the observed issues were repaired, at least provisionally. The crew consisted of
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On 16 January 1987, a Transbrasil Boeing 707 (PT-TCP) lost its No. 2 engine with 150 people on board. It landed without incident and was later ferried on three engines for repair.
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for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which was applied as a suffix in the model number at the time the aircraft is built. The code for El Al is "58", hence "747-258F".
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The survivors' health complaints following the crash increased the number of questions about the cargo. In 1998, El Al spokesman Nachman Klieman publicly revealed that 190L of
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detectors. The Dutch foreign ministry confirmed that it had already known about the presence of chemicals on the aircraft. The shipment was from a US chemical plant to the
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In aviation, the term "lost" in this context means "engine failure", referring to an engine ceasing to provide thrust, rather than physically separating from the aircraft.
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infections, general pain and discomfort, impotence, flatulence, and bowel symptoms were all reported. About 67% of the affected patients were found to be infected with
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and Georges Descombes, was built near the crash site with the names of the victims. Flowers are laid at a grey poplar tree that survived the disaster, referred to as "
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Initially, the first officer was the pilot flying while the captain was making calls to ATC. These roles were immediately swapped following the engine separation.
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had said that 240 people were missing. Twenty-six people sustained nonfatal injuries; 11 of these were injured seriously enough to require hospital treatment.
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materials" had been on board. In October 1993, the nuclear energy research foundation Laka reported that the tail contained 282 kilograms (622 lb) of
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Amsterdam mayor Ed van Thijn during the first remembrance ceremony for the Bijlmer disaster in October 1992. The location is close to the crash site.
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visited the scene of the disaster the following afternoon. The prime minister said, "This is a disaster that has shaken the whole country."
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Aloni, Shlomo. "Last of the fighting 'Wooden Wonders': The DH Mosquito in Israeli service" September/October 1999 article with photo in
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as 4X-AXG. The aircraft had flown 45,746 hours and completed 10,107 flight cycles before the crash. The aircraft was equipped with four
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had crashed when its No. 3 and No. 4 engines fell off shortly after takeoff from Taipei, resulting in the death of all five occupants.
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771:). A public memorial is held annually to mark the disaster; no planes fly over the area for one hour out of respect for the victims.
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hydraulic power and damage to the right wing prevented correct operation of the flaps that the crew later tried to extend in flight.
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Een gat in mijn hart: een boek gebaseerd op tekeningen en teksten van kinderen na de vliegramp in de Bijlmermeer van 4 oktober 1992
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Soon after the disaster, it was announced that the aircraft had contained fruit, perfumes, and computer components. Dutch Minister
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1182:- 1991 air disaster also involving loss of control due to an in-flight separation of two engines in near identical circumstances
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escape from the remainder of the building. Witnesses reported seeing people jumping out of the building to escape the fire.
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prior to overload failure. The board developed a scenario of a probable sequence of events for the loss of engine three:
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1391:"Aircraft accident report 92-11 : El Al Flight 1862 Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam 4 October 1992"
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from the wreckage area, it was never found, though El Al employees stated that it had been installed in the aircraft.
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for 10 years. First Officer Arnon Ohad had flown for El Al for 10 years, Flight Engineer Gedalya Sofer for 37 years.
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The crash location (plane icon) within the neighborhood as it stood in 2007. (grey designates demolished buildings)
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as counterweight, as did all Boeing 747s at the time; this was not known during the rescue and recovery process.
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and the viaduct of Amsterdam Metro Line 53; the tail broke off and was blown back by the force of the explosion.
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three, the inboard engine on the right wing that would later detach from the aircraft and initiate the accident.
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1436:"Two engines separate from the right wing and result in loss of control and crash of Boeing 747 freighter"
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Overload failure of the outboard midspar fuse pin at the outboard thin-walled and fatigue-cracked location
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speed regulation, problems with a radio, and fluctuations in the voltage of the electrical generator on
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707 cargo flight was forced to return to Miami, when the No. 3 engine separated shortly after takeoff.
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Uijt de Haag P.A. and Smetsers R.C. and Witlox H.W. and Krus H.W. and Eisenga A.H. (28 August 2000).
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1821:"Evaluating the risk from depleted uranium after the Boeing 747-258F crash in Amsterdam, 1992"
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and then overload failure of the inboard midspar fuse pin at the inboard thin-walled location
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1317:"Crash of a Boeing 747-258F in Amsterdam: 47 killed | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives"
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At 18:35:42 local time, the aircraft nose-dived from the sky and crashed into two high-rise
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from rolling to the right. The roll reached 90° just before the impact with the apartments.
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Captain Yitzhak Fuchs had flown for El Al for 28 years and had previously served in the
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2259:. Originally issued in English, with a Dutch translation to be issued at a later time.
1997:
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1800:[Bijlmer disaster commemorated for sixteenth time] (in Dutch). 4 October 2008
1597:"The El Al Crash; In the Netherlands, The Struggle of Immigrants And Sudden Disaster"
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Overload failure of the outboard midspar fuse pin at the inboard thin-walled location
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1194:- 6 February 1991 air incident also involving an in-flight separation of two engines
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In 8 April 1968, an engine and pylon had fallen off a Boeing 707, being operated as
727:
39:
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1533:"Sole El Al Passenger Was Going Home To Get Married With AM-Netherlands-Crash, Bjt"
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935:(AMC), began in May 1998. The AMC eventually concluded that up to a dozen cases of
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The aircraft was a Boeing 747-200F (for Freighter) model; Boeing used to assign a
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However, damage to a wing or wing fuel tank can have disastrous consequences. The
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1982:
911:, minister of public health, stated that "no extremely toxic, very dangerous, or
2049:"Accident description, Tuesday 31 March 1992, Trans-Air Service Boeing 707-321C"
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2099:"Accident description, Wednesday 31 March 1993, Japan Air Lines Boeing 747-121"
2024:"Accident description, Sunday 29 December 1991, China Airlines Boeing 747-2R7F"
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2074:"Accident description, Saturday 25 April 1992, Tampa Columbia Boeing 707-324C"
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1206:- 1993 air incident involving another 747 freighter with an engine detachment
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1200:- 1979 air disaster also involving loss of control due to engine detachment
450:) separated from the right wing of the aircraft, shot forward, damaged the
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The first studies on the symptoms reported by survivors, performed by the
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Genzmer, Herber; Kershner, Sybille; Schutz, Christian (21 January 1989).
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1188:- 1992 air incident also involving an in-flight separation of two engines
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Airliner accidents and incidents involving in-flight engine separations
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Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight structural failure
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809: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Overload failure of the outer lug of the inboard midspar pylon fitting
2285:. Planecrashinfo.com (4 October 1992). Retrieved on 9 September 2011.
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outside North America (in the 2016 episode "High Rise Catastrophe").
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The crash and its aftermath were the basis for a five-part Dutch TV
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asserted that she was certain that it contained no military cargo.
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found that the fuse pins had not failed properly, but instead had
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A Brilliant New Dutch Thriller Shames El Al for Its Darkest Hour
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Cockpit voice recorder of the type that would have been on board
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2202:, Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium (NLR TP 96719). (
1217:- 1989 aircraft crash involving several passengers from Bijlmer
307:, crashed into the Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the
1462:(in Dutch). Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS). 4 October 2012
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and 747 engine pylons, which were nearly identical in design.
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Going down, going down: De ware toedracht van de Bijlmerramp.
1210:
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
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experience excessive load, the fuse pins holding the engine
66:
Crashed following dual engine separation and loss of control
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after the No. 2 engine (inner-most left engine) detached.
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This was one of several accidents caused by problems with
382:
On 4 October 1992, the cargo aircraft, a Boeing 747-258F,
1952:"Nerve-Gas Element Was in El Al Plane Lost in 1992 Crash"
1878:"Uranium Pollution from the Amsterdam 1992 Plane Crash"
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Doemvlucht: de verzwegen geheimen van de Bijlmerramp.
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Van Den Burg, Harm; Knip, Karel (30 September 1998).
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The aircraft's likely position at the point of impact
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A map of Amsterdam showing the aircraft's flight path
1979:"Nerve Agent Precursor: Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate"
1631:"Dutch Search for Their Dead Where El Al Plane Fell"
1487:. Nederlands Aviation Safety Board. 24 February 1993
1482:"Aircraft Accident Report 92-11 - El Al Flight 1862"
1291:"Crash of a Boeing 747-258F in Amsterdam: 47 killed"
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The official probable causes were determined to be:
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on 23 August 1992, over a month before the accident.
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Aviation accidents and incidents in the Netherlands
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Aviation accidents and incidents in the Netherlands
2000:[Raw material poison gas in Boeing El Al].
1021:In 31 March 1992, a similar scenario occurred with
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923:site. In 1997, an expert testified in the Israeli
2222:The crash was featured on the 15th season of the
583:, and emergency personnel were sent immediately.
2905:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
2880:Accidents and incidents involving cargo aircraft
2199:Fatigue and Fracture in an Aircraft Engine Pylon
2181:Een beladen vlucht: eindrapport Bijlmer enquête.
1073:(in the 2006 episode "Amsterdam Air Crash") and
1098:), which premiered on Dutch public broadcaster
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2268:Photographs of the disaster on AirDisaster.com
1925:"Israel says El Al crash chemical 'non-toxic'"
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2263:Corrosion Doctors' entry on El Al Flight 1862
1043:, a Boeing 747-121F (freighter), operated by
942:Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
339:The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-258F,
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896:, and suffered from symptoms similar to the
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2773:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268
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2125:Mayday - Air Crash Investigation (S01-S22)
1798:"Bijlmerramp voor zestiende keer herdacht"
1665:National Fire Service Documentation Centre
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731:Flight 1862 Memorial by Herman Hertzberger
497:6. Aircraft becomes totally uncontrollable
311:(colloquially "Bijlmer") neighbourhood of
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869:Learn how and when to remove this message
315:, the Netherlands. The crash is known in
2875:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1992
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982:Israel Institute for Biological Research
495:5. Pilot reports problems with the flaps
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1297:. Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives
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2793:Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601
2623:Air Transport International Flight 805
2278:Pre-disaster photos from Airliners.net
1782:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1629:Montgomery, Paul L. (6 October 1992).
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1589:
454:, then fell back and struck engine No.
363:4X-AXG, the aircraft involved seen at
303:cargo aircraft of the Israeli airline
2723:Thai Airways International Flight 311
1927:. BBC. 2 October 1998. Archived from
1531:Socolovsky, Jerome (6 October 1992).
1454:
1452:
1415:
1413:
1411:
388:John F. Kennedy International Airport
196:John F. Kennedy International Airport
7:
807:adding citations to reliable sources
702:The design and certification of the
2813:China Southern Airlines Flight 3943
2469:Belgian Air Force Hercules accident
759:A memorial, designed by architects
493:4. Pilot reports fire in the engine
27:1992 plane crash in the Netherlands
2733:China General Aviation Flight 7552
2196:R. J. H. Wanhill and A. Oldersma,
1998:"Grondstof gifgas in Boeing El Al"
1950:Greenberg, Joel (2 October 1998).
1694:"El Al jumbo crashes in Amsterdam"
1400:. 24 February 1994. Archived from
719:Memorial for the victims next to "
25:
2895:1992 disasters in the Netherlands
2257:Netherlands Aviation Safety Board
1507:"Accident Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG"
661:Netherlands Aviation Safety Board
647:When Boeing 747 engine or engine
365:Los Angeles International Airport
2833:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103
2613:Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386
2549:Aviation accidents and incidents
2437:Venlo Northrop NF-5A plane crash
2394:Amsterdam KLM Douglas C-47 crash
2359:KLM Fokker F.III Waalhaven crash
1398:Nederlands Aviation Safety Board
1204:Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 46E
1159:
1145:
1131:
1117:
1045:Evergreen International Airlines
1041:Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 46E
783:
392:Ben Gurion International Airport
222:Ben Gurion International Airport
1049:Anchorage International Airport
993:Related accidents and aftermath
794:needs additional citations for
2763:Nigerian Air Force C-130 crash
2673:GP Express Airlines Flight 861
2603:Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
2209:This event is featured on the
1876:Henk van der Keur (May 1999).
1828:Journal of Hazardous Materials
1063:The crash was depicted in the
394:in Israel, made a stopover at
371:All times in this article are
1:
2925:October 1992 events in Europe
2910:El Al accidents and incidents
2504:Longtail Aviation Flight 5504
2410:Eindhoven Lockheed T-33 crash
2367:Amsterdam Fokker F.XXII crash
1848:10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00183-7
1192:1991 Gulf War KC-135 incident
331:occurred in the Netherlands.
2915:Israel–Netherlands relations
2693:Tbilisi Tupolev Tu-154 crash
2643:Trans-Air Service Flight 671
2496:Turkish Airlines Flight 1951
2193:Utrecht: Het Spectrum, 2002.
1198:American Airlines Flight 191
1186:Trans-Air Service Flight 671
1023:Trans-Air Service Flight 671
1008:, resulting in five deaths.
2803:Vietnam Airlines Flight 474
2753:Vietnam Airlines Flight 850
2703:Mandala Airlines Flight 660
2224:National Geographic Channel
2211:National Geographic Channel
1445:. Flight Safety Foundation.
349:Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7J
2951:
2663:American Eagle Flight 5456
2351:Coastal Cluster C.26 crash
1667:(in Dutch). Archived from
1215:Surinam Airways Flight 764
961:dimethyl methylphosphonate
933:Academisch Medisch Centrum
516:away from the right wing.
446:3 (right wing, nearest to
396:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
370:
211:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
79:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
2842:
2564:
2461:KLM Cityhopper Flight 433
2445:NLM CityHopper Flight 431
2177:Amsterdam: Pandora, 1999.
2170:. Zwolle: Waanders, 1993.
1180:China Airlines Flight 358
1016:China Airlines Flight 358
986:US Department of Commerce
503:The first officer made a
289:26 (11 serious, 15 minor)
44:Aftermath of the disaster
37:
2653:Copa Airlines Flight 201
2477:Texel Douglas DC-3 crash
2418:F-84 Thunderstreak crash
2386:Apeldoorn aircraft crash
2273:Google Maps view of site
2249:Aircraft accident report
2228:Discovery Channel Canada
1029:in the south of France.
902:chronic fatigue syndrome
765:the tree that saw it all
721:the tree that saw it all
386:4X-AXG, travelling from
2890:1992 in the Netherlands
2583:ECMM helicopter downing
2236:Air Crash Investigation
1424:Aviation Safety Network
1081:Air Crash Investigation
965:CWC schedule 2 chemical
1579:"Amsterdam Air Crash"
886:
732:
724:
708:
688:
637:cockpit voice recorder
600:
559:
551:
500:
461:Netherlands Coastguard
368:
322:
2573:CommutAir Flight 4821
2216:Seconds From Disaster
2004:(in Dutch). Rotterdam
1581:Seconds From Disaster
1460:"20 jaar Bijlmerramp"
1221:2020 Juba AN-26 crash
1094:(‘Disaster Flight’) (
1070:Seconds from Disaster
1014:In 29 December 1991,
884:
769:de boom die alles zag
730:
718:
669:
598:
557:
549:
470:
417:Arnon Ohad (32), and
373:Central European Time
362:
2823:Martinair Flight 495
2743:Aeroflot Flight 2808
2593:Air Inter Flight 148
2183:Sdu Uitgevers, 1999.
1985:on 4 September 2013.
1583:Season 2, Episode 15
1420:Accident description
1241:unique customer code
1107:for Best TV Series.
937:autoimmune disorders
803:improve this article
632:flight data recorder
413:Yitzhak Fuchs (59),
327:(Bijlmer disaster).
101:52.31889°N 4.97500°E
2851:► 1993
2845:1991 ◄
1840:2000JHzM...76...39U
1511:aviation-safety.net
1067:documentary series
1065:National Geographic
818:"El Al Flight 1862"
672:Gradual failure by
564:apartment complexes
509:air traffic control
499:7. Aircraft crashes
295:On 4 October 1992,
97: /
34:
2920:Amsterdam-Zuidoost
2885:1990s in Amsterdam
2848:
1957:The New York Times
1732:on 20 January 2015
1636:The New York Times
1602:The New York Times
1539:. Associated Press
1139:Netherlands portal
1039:In 31 March 1993,
887:
761:Herman Hertzberger
733:
725:
601:
560:
552:
501:
491:broadcast by pilot
369:
138:Aircraft type
75:Amsterdam-Zuidoost
2857:
2856:
2783:El Al Flight 1862
2514:
2513:
2453:El Al Flight 1862
1931:on 18 August 2003
1880:. Laka Foundation
1726:Amsterdam Tourism
1671:on 7 January 2015
1605:. 11 October 1992
1321:www.baaa-acro.com
1295:www.baaa-acro.com
1032:In April 1992, a
954:Hanja Maij-Weggen
940:performed by the
898:Gulf War syndrome
879:
878:
871:
853:
485:3 and 4 come down
479:3 and 4 break off
427:Israeli Air Force
297:El Al Flight 1862
293:
292:
278:Ground fatalities
273:Ground casualties
106:52.31889; 4.97500
33:El Al Flight 1862
16:(Redirected from
2942:
2849:
2633:USAir Flight 405
2559:
2558:
2556:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2507:
2499:
2480:
2479:(September 1996)
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2421:
2413:
2412:(September 1956)
2405:
2397:
2389:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2173:Vincent Dekker,
2155:
2151:, Oct 19, 2022,
2142:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1981:. Archived from
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1757:. Archived from
1756:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:. Archived from
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1702:. 4 October 1992
1690:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1626:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1593:
1584:
1577:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1443:flightsafety.org
1440:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1406:
1405:
1404:on 26 June 2008.
1395:
1387:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
917:depleted uranium
904:-like symptoms.
874:
867:
863:
860:
854:
852:
811:
787:
779:
577:"Het is gebeurd"
484:
478:
473:marked in green:
457:
445:
325:
117:Total fatalities
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
42:
35:
21:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2935:High-rise fires
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:VASP Flight 780
2680:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2515:
2510:
2506:(February 2021)
2502:
2498:(February 2009)
2494:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2424:
2420:(November 1960)
2416:
2408:
2400:
2396:(November 1946)
2392:
2384:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2337:(February 1916)
2333:
2322:
2317:
2245:
2187:Pierre Heijboer
2163:
2161:Further reading
2158:
2149:Adrian Hennigan
2143:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2002:NRC Handelsblad
1995:
1994:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1901:Great Disasters
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1752:"Archived copy"
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1418:
1409:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1175:Aviation safety
1165:
1158:
1153:Aviation portal
1151:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1061:
1027:Istres Air Base
1006:BOAC Flight 712
995:
978:chemical weapon
950:
875:
864:
858:
855:
812:
810:
800:
788:
777:
757:
713:
645:
630:The aircraft's
611:Prime Minister
593:
544:
498:
496:
494:
492:
486:
482:
480:
476:
474:
472:
455:
443:
435:
419:Flight Engineer
390:in New York to
380:
357:
337:
286:Ground injuries
202:, United States
166:ICAO flight No.
158:IATA flight No.
142:Boeing 747-258F
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
82:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:TWA Flight 843
2711:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2455:(October 1992)
2449:
2447:(October 1981)
2441:
2439:(October 1980)
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2402:KLM Flight 608
2398:
2390:
2388:(October 1946)
2381:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2343:Zeppelin LZ 64
2339:
2335:Zeppelin LZ 54
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2244:
2243:External links
2241:
2240:
2239:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2137:
2115:
2090:
2065:
2040:
2015:
1988:
1970:
1942:
1916:
1909:
1891:
1868:
1811:
1789:
1764:on 29 May 2008
1743:
1713:
1682:
1649:
1616:
1585:
1563:
1559:Air Enthusiast
1550:
1523:
1498:
1473:
1448:
1427:
1407:
1333:
1308:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1156:
1142:
1128:
1112:
1109:
1090:series titled
1060:
1057:
1034:Tampa Colombia
994:
991:
949:
946:
877:
876:
791:
789:
782:
776:
773:
756:
753:
712:
709:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
665:fatigue cracks
644:
641:
592:
589:
543:
540:
481:2. Engine nos.
475:1. Engine nos.
434:
431:
356:
353:
336:
333:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
219:
215:
214:
208:
204:
203:
193:
189:
188:
185:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:Total injuries
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
81:, Netherlands
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
58:4 October 1992
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2947:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2563:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:(August 1954)
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2075:
2069:
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2006:. Retrieved
2001:
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1983:the original
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1961:. Retrieved
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1933:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1919:
1903:. Parragon.
1900:
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1834:(1): 39–58.
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859:October 2019
856:
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801:Please help
796:verification
793:
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742:
738:Ed van Thijn
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384:registration
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183:Registration
29:
2488:2000s-2020s
2471:(July 1996)
2429:1970s-1990s
2378:1940s-1960s
2369:(July 1935)
2361:(July 1928)
2327:1910s-1930s
2166:Theo Bean,
2131:16 February
1326:24 November
1301:24 November
1105:Golden Calf
1079:, known as
913:radioactive
568:Bijlmermeer
323:Bijlmerramp
309:Bijlmermeer
218:Destination
104: /
2864:Categories
2353:(Dec 1917)
2345:(May 1917)
2283:cvr 781228
2008:9 November
1963:11 October
1543:9 November
1491:21 January
1278:References
1092:Rampvlucht
1059:Depictions
999:Boeing 707
925:parliament
893:Mycoplasma
829:newspapers
452:wing slats
345:registered
301:Boeing 747
257:Fatalities
241:Passengers
1804:7 January
1736:7 January
1706:6 January
1675:7 January
1642:7 January
1609:7 January
1466:7 January
1088:docudrama
909:Els Borst
591:Aftermath
487:3. First
400:autopilot
351:engines.
313:Amsterdam
265:Survivors
233:Occupants
177:ELAL 1862
174:Call sign
92:4°58′30″E
89:52°19′8″N
2108:20 March
2083:20 March
2058:20 March
2033:20 March
1856:10863013
1778:cite web
1768:26 March
1699:BBC News
1111:See also
984:under a
755:Memorial
749:Suriname
625:landfill
507:call to
448:fuselage
440:Gooimeer
355:Accident
335:Aircraft
228:, Israel
226:Tel Aviv
207:Stopover
200:New York
148:Operator
133:Aircraft
50:Accident
2553: (
2551:in 1992
2253:Archive
2204:Archive
2153:Haaretz
1836:Bibcode
1561:No. 83.
1537:AP NEWS
1422:at the
843:scholar
711:Victims
674:fatigue
653:nacelle
566:in the
531:aileron
513:cockpit
483:
477:
456:
444:
411:Captain
343:21737,
319:as the
169:ELY1862
63:Summary
2829:Dec 22
2819:Dec 21
2809:Nov 24
2799:Nov 14
2789:Oct 18
2769:Sep 28
2759:Sep 26
2739:Aug 27
2729:Jul 31
2719:Jul 31
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2699:Jul 24
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2619:Feb 15
2609:Feb 14
2599:Jan 28
2589:Jan 20
2232:Mayday
1935:2 July
1907:
1884:16 May
1861:16 May
1854:
1076:Mayday
845:
838:
831:
824:
816:
704:Boeing
649:pylons
643:Causes
505:Mayday
489:mayday
433:Flight
187:4X-AXG
161:LY1862
2779:Oct 4
2749:Sep 4
2669:Jun 8
2659:Jun 7
2649:Jun 6
2579:Jan 7
2569:Jan 3
2230:show
2213:show
1824:(PDF)
1762:(PDF)
1755:(PDF)
1516:8 May
1485:(PDF)
1439:(PDF)
1394:(PDF)
1227:Notes
973:soman
969:sarin
948:Cargo
850:JSTOR
836:books
745:Ghana
581:Weesp
542:Crash
377:UTC+1
317:Dutch
305:El Al
152:El Al
77:Near
2555:1992
2226:and
2133:2024
2110:2015
2085:2015
2060:2015
2035:2015
2010:2019
1965:2007
1937:2006
1905:ISBN
1886:2007
1863:2007
1852:PMID
1806:2015
1784:link
1770:2008
1738:2015
1708:2015
1677:2015
1644:2015
1611:2015
1545:2019
1518:2024
1493:2024
1468:2015
1328:2021
1303:2021
971:and
963:, a
822:news
747:and
615:and
526:lift
299:, a
249:Crew
71:Site
55:Date
2234:or
2103:ASN
2078:ASN
2053:ASN
2028:ASN
1844:doi
1100:NPO
900:or
805:by
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341:MSN
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