831:
816:
66:
40:
1241:
1265:
1217:
1253:
1229:
700:
for a brass disk near Donner Summit, in
California. Given the dimensions of the ellipsoid, the conversion from lat/lon/height-above-ellipsoid coordinates to X-Y-Z is straightforward—calculate the X-Y-Z for the given lat-lon on the surface of the ellipsoid and add the X-Y-Z vector that is
701:
perpendicular to the ellipsoid there and has length equal to the point's height above the ellipsoid. The reverse conversion is harder: given X-Y-Z can immediately get longitude, but no closed formula for latitude and height exists. See "
635:
may also be used. Due to differences between datums, the ECEF coordinates for a location will be different for different datums, although the differences between most modern datums is relatively small, within a few meters.
943:
1129:
425:
1197:
and geocentric (ECEF) or local
Cartesian (ENU) coordinates. This provides accurate results for all inputs including points close to the center of the Earth.
247:
415:
383:
1290:
1174:
709:
the first iteration gives latitude correct within 10 degree as long as the point is within 10,000 meters above or 5,000 meters below the ellipsoid.
393:
1184:
1029:
373:
994:
1161:
1285:
154:
453:
662:(IRP), which does not exactly coincide with the Earth's rotational axis The slight "wobbling" of the rotational axis is known as
600:
718:
830:
239:
815:
692:
is also in the plane of the equator, passing through extending from 90°W longitude (negative) to 90°E longitude (positive)
255:
1133:
787:
954:
783:
736:
479:
1207:
795:
791:
659:
517:
systems for measuring locations on the surface of the Earth, but it is also used in applications such as tracking
658:
is the line between the North and South Poles, with positive values increasing northward. In WGS 84, this is the
624:
218:
612:
482:
185:
31:
132:
932:
822:
740:
732:
682:
283:
303:
65:
1171:
949:
446:
363:
113:
1108:
979:
632:
514:
353:
323:
263:
213:
139:
1269:
799:
724:
563:
175:
123:
1257:
1245:
763:
623:
that binds the coordinate system to actual locations on the Earth. The ECEF that is used for the
95:
1001:
1158:
1025:
767:
616:
592:
549:
195:
180:
1019:
1221:
779:
697:
599:
Conversions between ECEF and geodetic coordinates (latitude and longitude) are discussed at
439:
190:
17:
1024:. AIAA Education Series. American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics. p. 72.
570:
is a type of altitude defined as the difference between the two aforementioned quantities:
1194:
1178:
1165:
1078:
938:
702:
518:
743:, which use the observer's location as the reference point for bearings in altitude and
678:
648:
620:
506:
403:
170:
144:
1279:
755:
631:, which currently includes its own ellipsoid definition. Other local datums such as
1233:
751:
728:
663:
128:
1200:
1052:
677:, passing through the origin and extending from 180° longitude (negative) to the
524:
The distance from a given point of interest to the center of Earth is called the
85:
39:
490:
1053:"OGC Abstract Specification Topic 2: Referencing by coordinates Corrigendum"
775:
619:(in this case, a conventional three-dimensional right-handed system), and a
510:
164:
90:
48:
913:
902:
891:
880:
869:
858:
771:
343:
160:
149:
44:
1190:
744:
674:
223:
80:
57:
485:
that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its
628:
333:
293:
231:
1228:
486:
118:
38:
420:
313:
1187:
orientation of the coordinate system and additional information
759:
1181:
Clearer notes on converting ECEF coordinates to WGS-84 datum
647:
at the center of the chosen ellipsoid. In WGS 84, this is
639:
The ECEF coordinate system has the following parameters:
1172:
1193:
includes a utility CartConvert which converts between
1205:
1168:
Notes on converting ECEF coordinates to WGS-84 datum
944:
43:
The ECEF coordinates (x, y, z) shown in relation to
509:. Its most common use is in tracking the orbits of
1107:Snay, Richard A.; Soler, Tomás (December 1999).
723:Geocentric coordinates can be used for locating
1109:"Modern Terrestrial Reference Systems (Part 1)"
666:, and can actually be measured against an ECEF.
1086:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
468:Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system
447:
8:
27:3-D coordinate system centered on the Earth
454:
440:
421:Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)
416:International Terrestrial Reference System
53:
1077:National Geospatial Intelligence Agency.
786:add actual distance as the Z axis to the
30:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1212:
966:
836:Polar view, Earth-centered, Earth fixed
56:
1079:"World Geodetic System 1984 datasheet"
920:(IRNSS are geosynchronous satellites)
7:
758:coordinates, with the center of the
279:
705:." Using Bowring's formula in 1976
681:(positive); in WGS 84, this is the
590:; it is not to be confused for the
547:, which is a generalization of the
426:Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
388:European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989
993:Clynch, James R. (February 2006).
808:An example of Earth-centered frame
562:, not restricted to points on the
493:, and surrounding outer space) as
298:Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
264:Discrete Global Grid and Geocoding
155:Horizontal position representation
25:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
829:
814:
766:can be aligned with the Earth's
601:geographic coordinate conversion
214:Global Nav. Sat. Systems (GNSSs)
64:
1291:Astronomical coordinate systems
739:. They are differentiated from
719:Astronomical coordinate systems
615:, ECEF consists of an abstract
378:N. American Vertical Datum 1988
408:Internet link to a point 2010
338:Geodetic Reference System 1980
256:Quasi-Zenith Sat. Sys. (QZSS)
1:
398:Chinese obfuscated datum 2002
784:celestial coordinate systems
660:international reference pole
476:geocentric coordinate system
348:Geographic point coord. 1983
18:Geocentric coordinate system
1177:September 27, 2007, at the
955:Planetary coordinate system
796:galactic coordinate systems
308:Systema Koordinat 1942 goda
1307:
1057:Open Geospatial Consortium
737:Cartesian X, Y, and Z axes
716:
368:World Geodetic System 1984
29:
1286:Global Positioning System
1159:ECEF datum transformation
625:Global Positioning System
358:North American Datum 1983
328:South American Datum 1969
627:(GPS) is the geocentric
613:spatial reference system
483:spatial reference system
219:Global Pos. System (GPS)
186:Spatial reference system
32:Spatial reference system
1185:geodetic datum overview
1164:March 22, 2007, at the
1018:Chobotov, V.A. (2002).
976:GPS Satellite Surveying
933:Earth-centered inertial
823:Earth-centered inertial
741:topocentric coordinates
683:IERS Reference Meridian
673:is in the plane of the
974:Leick, Alfred (2004).
505:measurements from its
51:
1116:Professional Surveyor
950:Orbital state vectors
717:Further information:
474:), also known as the
114:Geographical distance
42:
725:astronomical objects
515:satellite navigation
288:Sea Level Datum 1929
140:Geodetic coordinates
995:"Earth Coordinates"
800:spherical astronomy
762:as the origin. The
568:geocentric altitude
564:reference ellipsoid
526:geocentric distance
318:European Datum 1950
276:Standards (history)
176:Reference ellipsoid
124:Figure of the Earth
1007:on April 18, 2015.
764:plane of reference
754:, astronomers use
696:An example is the
196:Vertical positions
52:
1031:978-1-60086-097-3
1021:Orbital Mechanics
768:celestial equator
617:coordinate system
593:geodetic altitude
550:geocentric radius
464:
463:
412:
411:
191:Spatial relations
181:Satellite geodesy
136:
16:(Redirected from
1298:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1136:on June 13, 2011
1132:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1088:. United Nations
1083:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1000:. Archived from
999:
990:
984:
983:
971:
916:
911:
905:
900:
894:
889:
883:
878:
872:
867:
861:
856:
850:
848:
833:
818:
780:galactic equator
733:three dimensions
589:
576:
561:
546:
456:
449:
442:
280:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
167:
126:
68:
54:
21:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1179:Wayback Machine
1166:Wayback Machine
1155:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1004:
997:
992:
991:
987:
973:
972:
968:
963:
939:Geodetic system
929:
924:
923:
922:
921:
919:
909:
908:
898:
897:
887:
886:
876:
875:
865:
864:
854:
853:
846:
845:
839:
838:
837:
834:
826:
825:
819:
810:
809:
721:
715:
703:Geodetic system
609:
588:
574:
571:
560:
554:
529:
460:
431:
430:
277:
269:
268:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
209:
201:
200:
159:
109:
101:
100:
76:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1154:
1153:External links
1151:
1148:
1147:
1130:"Polar motion"
1121:
1099:
1069:
1044:
1030:
1010:
985:
965:
964:
962:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
941:
936:
928:
925:
918:
917:
906:
895:
884:
873:
862:
851:
842:
841:
840:
835:
828:
827:
820:
813:
812:
811:
807:
806:
805:
804:
714:
711:
694:
693:
686:
679:prime meridian
667:
652:
649:center of mass
621:geodetic datum
608:
605:
586:
558:
507:center of mass
462:
461:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
423:
418:
410:
409:
406:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
380:
379:
376:
370:
369:
366:
360:
359:
356:
350:
349:
346:
340:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
290:
289:
286:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
171:Map projection
168:
157:
152:
147:
145:Geodetic datum
142:
137:
121:
116:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:
61:
60:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1303:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:GeographicLib
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1003:
996:
989:
986:
981:
977:
970:
967:
960:
956:
953:
951:
948:
945:
942:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
926:
915:
907:
904:
896:
893:
885:
882:
874:
871:
863:
860:
852:
844:
843:
832:
824:
817:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
720:
712:
710:
708:
707:Survey Review
704:
699:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
665:
661:
657:
653:
651:of the Earth.
650:
646:
642:
641:
640:
637:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
604:
602:
597:
595:
594:
585:
581:
577:
569:
566:surface. The
565:
557:
552:
551:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
457:
452:
450:
445:
443:
438:
437:
435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
325:
322:
321:
317:
315:
312:
311:
307:
305:
302:
301:
297:
295:
292:
291:
287:
285:
282:
281:
273:
272:
265:
262:
260:
254:
252:
246:
244:
238:
236:
232:BeiDou (BDS)
230:
228:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
205:
204:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
134:
133:circumference
130:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
105:
104:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1270:Solar System
1138:. Retrieved
1134:the original
1124:
1115:
1102:
1092:December 16,
1090:. Retrieved
1085:
1072:
1062:December 25,
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1020:
1013:
1002:the original
988:
975:
969:
849: Earth
821:Polar view,
756:heliocentric
752:nearby stars
749:
729:Solar System
722:
713:In astronomy
706:
695:
689:
670:
664:polar motion
655:
644:
638:
611:As with any
610:
598:
591:
583:
579:
572:
567:
555:
548:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
502:
498:
494:
489:, interior,
475:
471:
467:
465:
208:Technologies
163: /
75:Fundamentals
36:
1258:Outer space
1246:Spaceflight
1140:December 7,
1037:October 24,
782:. These 3D
86:Geodynamics
1280:Categories
961:References
788:equatorial
735:along the
511:satellites
491:atmosphere
1222:Astronomy
1201:EPSG:4978
776:Milky Way
774:, or the
607:Structure
480:cartesian
470:(acronym
165:Longitude
91:Geomatics
49:longitude
1195:geodetic
1175:Archived
1162:Archived
927:See also
914:IRNSS-1I
903:IRNSS-1G
892:IRNSS-1F
881:IRNSS-1E
870:IRNSS-1C
859:IRNSS-1B
798:used in
792:ecliptic
772:ecliptic
698:NGS data
521:motion.
344:ISO 6709
242:(Europe)
240:Galileo
226:(Russia)
224:GLONASS
161:Latitude
150:Geodesic
108:Concepts
45:latitude
1208:Portals
745:azimuth
727:in the
675:equator
519:crustal
513:and in
487:surface
478:, is a
404:Geo URI
374:NAVD 88
284:NGVD 29
258:(Japan)
250:(India)
234:(China)
96:History
81:Geodesy
58:Geodesy
1028:
946:(ITRS)
912:
910:
901:
899:
890:
888:
879:
877:
868:
866:
857:
855:
847:
794:, and
770:, the
690:Y axis
671:X axis
656:Z axis
645:origin
633:NAD 83
629:WGS 84
501:, and
394:GCJ-02
384:ETRS89
364:WGS 84
354:NAD 83
334:GRS 80
294:OSGB36
248:NAVIC
129:radius
1234:Stars
1112:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
1005:(PDF)
998:(PDF)
980:Wiley
935:(ECI)
324:SAD69
304:SK-42
119:Geoid
1142:2010
1094:2021
1064:2018
1039:2021
1026:ISBN
750:For
688:The
669:The
654:The
643:The
472:ECEF
466:The
314:ED50
131:and
47:and
778:'s
760:Sun
731:in
533:= (
1282::
1114:.
1084:.
1055:.
978:.
802:.
790:,
747:.
603:.
596:.
582:−
578:=
553:,
541:+
537:+
528:,
497:,
1210::
1144:.
1118:.
1096:.
1066:.
1041:.
982:.
685:.
587:0
584:R
580:R
575:′
573:h
559:0
556:R
545:)
543:Z
539:Y
535:X
531:R
503:Z
499:Y
495:X
455:e
448:t
441:v
135:)
127:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
