711:
696:
563:
272:
551:
52:
259:
31:
2051:
438:, is found in New Zealand and has been harvested commercially since 1989. The largest quantities have come from Golden Bay in the South Island where 100 tonnes (110 short tons) were harvested in one year. There is a growing concern over the increase of parasites in the Puget Sound population of geoduck. Whether these
587:
southern Puget Sound, the effect of geoduck farming on large mobile animals is ambiguous. A 2004 draft biological assessment, commissioned by three of the largest commercial shellfish companies in the Puget Sound region, identified no long-term effects of geoduck farming on threatened or endangered species.
536:
advancement has meant that 90 percent of clams were delivered live to market in 2007. In 2001, only 10 percent were live. Because geoduck have a much higher market value live, an additional $ 4.4 to $ 6.6 per kilogram or $ 2 to $ 3 per pound, this development has helped to stimulate the burgeoning industry.
250:
make the clam itself much longer than this: the "shaft" or siphons alone can be 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length. The geoduck is the largest burrowing clam in the world. It is also one of the longest-living animals of any type, with a typical lifespan of 140 years; the oldest has been recorded
535:
As of 2007, advances in the testing system for contaminated clams have allowed geoduck harvesters to deliver live clams more consistently. The new testing system determines the viability of clams from tested beds before the harvesters fish the area. Previous methods tested clams after harvest. This
968:
Kastelle, Craig R.; Helser, Thomas E.; Black, Bryan A.; Stuckey, Matthew J.; C. Gillespie, Darlene; McArthur, Judy; Little, Diana; D. Charles, Karen; Khan, Reziah S. (15 October 2011). "Bomb-produced radiocarbon validation of growth-increment crossdating allows marine paleoclimate reconstruction".
543:
disrupted the geoduck industry. Given the near-shutdown of restaurants and seafood markets across the country, demand for live geoducks plummeted. Divers in
Southeast Alaska who typically see prices of $ 11 to $ 22 per kilogram or $ 5 to $ 10 per pound for live geoducks reported prices as low as $
586:
has found that bivalves (oysters, mussels, and clams) are beneficial to the marine environment. The water must be certifiably clean to plant geoducks commercially. Regulation was mandated in 2007. Studies have been funded to determine short- and long-term environmental and genetic impacts. In
476:
eggs in her century-long lifespan. However, due to a low rate of recruitment and a high rate of mortality for geoduck eggs, larvae, and post-settled juveniles, populations are slow to rebound. In the Puget Sound, studies indicate that the recovery time for a harvested tract is 39 years.
526:
staff are on the water continually monitoring harvests to ensure revenues are received, and the same is true in Canada where the
Underwater Harvesters' Association manages the Canadian Fishery in conjunction with Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans. The
1004:
Black, Bryan A.; Gillespie, Darlene C.; MacLellan, Shayne E.; Hand, Claudia M. (December 2008). "Establishing highly accurate production-age data using the tree-ring technique of crossdating: a case study for
Pacific geoduck (Panopea abrupta)".
531:
tests water and flesh to assure clams are not filtering and holding pollutants, an ongoing problem. With the rise in price has come the inevitable problem with poaching, and with it the possibility some could be harvested from unsafe areas.
245:
The geoduck is native to the coastal waters of the eastern North
Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California. The shell of the clam ranges from 15 centimetres (6 in) to over 20 centimetres (8 in) in length, but the extremely long
1032:
Black, Bryan A.; Copenheaver, Carolyn A.; Frank, David C.; Stuckey, Matthew J.; Kormanyos, Rose E. (15 July 2009). "Multi-proxy reconstructions of northeastern
Pacific sea surface temperature data from trees and Pacific geoduck".
483:
densities in
Southeast Alaska are estimated by divers, then inflated by twenty percent to account for geoducks not visible at the time of survey. This estimate is used to predict the two percent allowed for commercial harvesting.
498:
The world's first geoduck fishery was created in 1970, but demand for the half-forgotten clam was low at first due to its texture. As of 2011, these clams sell in China for over US$ 33 per kilogram or $ 15 per pound.
710:
695:
562:
864:
Orensanz, J. M. L.; Hand, C. M.; Parma, A. M.; Valero, J.; Hilborn, R. (2004). "Precaution in the harvest of
Methuselahs clams-the difficulty of getting timely feedback from slow-paced dynamics".
582:
Geoduck farming grow-out and harvest practices are controversial, and have created conflicts with shoreline property owners, and concerns from nongovernmental organizations. However, the
1438:
1721:(Report). House Committee on Ecology and Parks House Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources Senate Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean & Recreation. December 2007
1296:
Palazzi, David C.; Goodwin, Lynn; Bradbury, Alex; Sizemore, Bob; Washington (state) (23 May 2001). Espy, Leigh; Sturges, Susan; Ladenburg, Candis; Sabottke, Blanch (eds.).
251:
at 179 years old. The precise longevity of geoducks can be determined from annual rings deposited in the shell which can be assigned to calendar years of formation through
3484:
1407:
550:
3684:
3654:
3523:
1975:
894:
Edge, David; Reynolds, David; Wanamaker, Alan; Griffin, Daniel; Bureau, Dominique; Outridge, Christine; Wang, Richard; Stevick, Bethany; Black, Bryan (2021).
1070:"North Pacific climate recorded in growth rings of geoduck clams: A new tool for paleoenvironmental reconstruction: NORTH PACIFIC CLIMATE FROM GEODUCK CLAMS"
3669:
523:
3639:
2436:
449:
down through its long siphon, filters this for food and ejects its refuse out through a separate hole in the siphon. Adult geoducks have few natural
3458:
3497:
1740:
3649:
3644:
1689:
3549:
1219:
528:
442:-like parasitic species were introduced by commercial farming is being studied by Sea Grant. Research to date does indicate their presence.
1446:
1235:
3679:
3674:
1367:
515:
1392:
Welch, Craig, 2012. NW geoducks fetch top dollar in China, and as prices soar, so do concerns about illegal harvesting in Puget Sound,
1469:
3536:
2405:
1968:
211:
1929:
896:"Multicentennial Proxy Record of Northeast Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures From the Annual Growth Increments of Panopea generosa"
315:
instead meaning "genitals" (referring to the shape of the clam), while other researchers claim it is a phrase meaning "dig deep".
3601:
1209:
758:
1331:
In: Steller D, Lobel L, Eds. Diving for
Science 2012. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 31st Symposium
445:
The oldest recorded specimen was 179 years old, but individuals usually live up to 140 years. A geoduck sucks water containing
1596:
777:
3502:
1622:
2429:
1352:
1663:
3659:
1961:
1570:
309:
means "many" in
Lushootseed. The Oxford English Dictionary claims it is composed of a root word of unknown meaning and
3689:
3419:
1415:
1303:(Report). Olympia WA: State of Washington Department of Natural Resources: Department of Fish and Wildlife. p. 5
3528:
1494:
502:
The geoduck's high market value has created an $ 80-million industry, with harvesting occurring in the US states of
271:
3232:
1908:
1326:
583:
429:
weighing over 7 kilograms (15 lb) and as much as 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in length are not unheard of.
3664:
3021:
2996:
2354:
1134:
51:
3357:
3053:
2809:
2422:
2151:
1855:
3314:
3217:
2892:
2803:
2615:
2557:
2468:
2305:
2193:
1139:
726:
1265:
3372:
3307:
2953:
2920:
2520:
2250:
1271:) Hydraulic Harvest Method on Organisms in the Sediment and at the Water-Sediment Interface in Puget Sound
569:
473:
382:
162:
3424:
3575:
3267:
3243:
3227:
2798:
2786:
2673:
2186:
1346:
1297:
942:
702:
146:
3410:
1744:
895:
1805:
1068:
Strom, Are; Francis, Robert C.; Mantua, Nathan J.; Miles, Edward L.; Peterson, David L. (March 2004).
3634:
3606:
3445:
2948:
2851:
2776:
2648:
2610:
2547:
2483:
2256:
2144:
1042:
978:
907:
1544:
751:
3515:
3262:
3048:
2224:
1693:
730:
493:
426:
369:
Between 1983 and 2010, the scientific name of this clam was confused with that of an extinct clam,
276:
3593:
2968:
2871:
2861:
2846:
2841:
2750:
2742:
2737:
2605:
2525:
2515:
2473:
2231:
2200:
2173:
1787:
1715:
1298:
Final
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement: State of Washington Commercial Geoduck Fishery
1091:
923:
808:
507:
394:
46:
3580:
1666:. Washington State Department of Health Office of Shellfish and Water Protection. Archived from
3489:
736:
Geoducks have also earned some internet infamy due to the phallic appearance of their siphons.
3562:
3432:
3300:
3277:
3194:
3080:
3037:
3031:
3002:
2991:
2727:
2722:
2658:
2653:
2510:
2238:
2207:
2039:
2032:
2007:
1215:
1190:
540:
480:
434:
123:
1371:
1147:
3567:
3189:
3141:
3091:
3085:
3026:
2963:
2856:
2792:
2592:
2499:
2213:
2137:
2087:
2025:
2018:
1779:
1081:
1050:
1014:
986:
915:
873:
800:
636:
519:
398:
339:
331:
252:
247:
179:
1881:
258:
30:
2973:
2958:
2943:
2938:
2542:
2531:
2288:
2178:
1195:
Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management
954:
411:
are the largest burrowing clams in the world, weighing in at an average of 0.7 kilograms (
1046:
982:
911:
3629:
3331:
3272:
3222:
3212:
3116:
2887:
2866:
2781:
2717:
2697:
2369:
2364:
2130:
2073:
1766:
Brown, R. A.; Thuesen, E. V. (2011). "Biodiversity of mobile benthic fauna in geoduck (
1166:
616:
439:
402:
522:. It is one of the most closely regulated fisheries in both countries. In Washington,
3623:
3336:
3237:
3130:
3123:
3043:
2915:
2910:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2668:
2620:
2600:
2374:
2349:
2124:
2066:
927:
390:
1095:
812:
619:, geoducks are eaten raw with spicy chili sauce, sautéed, or in soups and stews. In
3437:
2983:
2505:
2384:
2359:
2282:
2094:
2080:
1791:
1716:
Interim Progress Report: House Bill 2220 Shellfish Aquaculture Regulatory Committee
677:
is sometimes translated into English as "giant clam", and it is distinguished from
462:
1648:
Goldburg, Rebecca; et al. (2001). "Marine Aquaculture in the United States".
1600:
3541:
1054:
990:
3588:
3510:
3471:
3404:
3149:
2876:
2756:
2732:
2663:
2643:
2625:
2562:
2537:
2315:
1626:
600:
288:
233:
229:
113:
3395:
1944:"Duckumentary" film Home Page: "3 Feet Under—Digging Deep for the Geoduck Clam"
839:
3341:
3181:
3107:
2824:
2493:
2389:
2333:
1994:
1667:
685:
646:
103:
1574:
544:
2.2 per kilogram or $ 1 per pound, leading many to stop fishing temporarily.
3154:
3097:
3072:
2678:
2567:
2488:
1161:
662:
628:
458:
63:
2050:
1439:"Toxin test gives live market a boost; quota also gets a significant bump"
255:. These annual rings also serve as an archive of past marine variability.
3389:
3346:
2451:
2394:
2100:
1985:
1783:
1086:
1069:
919:
804:
612:
466:
450:
446:
357:
93:
83:
3463:
3204:
3172:
2881:
2833:
2768:
2581:
2323:
2119:
2111:
2002:
1128:
716:
Cooked geoduck (right) at a Chinese restaurant in Sunnyvale, California
624:
604:
408:
405:
221:
3476:
1953:
1327:"Estimating Geoduck Harvest Rate and Show Factors in Southeast Alaska"
3291:
2930:
2689:
2635:
2552:
2277:
2272:
2244:
1833:
1522:
641:
632:
511:
503:
454:
386:
347:
327:
73:
3366:
1938:
Anatomy, Histology, Development, Pathology, Parasites, and Symbionts
1018:
877:
1924:
639:
in cheaper sushi restaurants, geoduck is sometimes substituted for
472:
Geoducks are broadcast spawners. A female geoduck produces about 5
3254:
3063:
3013:
2902:
2573:
2414:
2379:
2328:
2012:
1468:
Stone, Eric; Ketchikan, Alaska's Energy Desk- (18 February 2020).
620:
608:
596:
270:
257:
3450:
1545:"APHETI-Association to Protect Hammersley, Eld and Totten Inlets"
1277:(Master thesis). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College
3554:
2460:
2168:
1948:
225:
3370:
2418:
1957:
1943:
599:
flavor and crunchy texture. Geoduck is regarded by some as an
188:
1664:"Commercial Shellfish Licensing & Certification Program"
1470:"Coronavirus shutters Southeast Alaska geoduck clam fishery"
1245:. Geoduck Aquaculture Research Program, Washington Sea Grant
615:, mostly eaten cooked in a fondue-style Chinese hot pot. In
556:
Seafood geoduck display in a Chinese restaurant in Hong Kong
191:
1913:
1770:) aquaculture beds in southern Puget Sound, Washington".
1368:"Chinese mafia rakes in millions from 'Puget Sound gold'"
200:
185:
1692:. Washington State Department of Ecology. Archived from
1548:
1191:"Harvesting and distribution of Pacific Geoduck Clams"
678:
672:
666:
656:
650:
1918:
776:
Vadopalas, B.; T. W. Pietsch; C. S. Friedman (2010).
212:
203:
194:
469:
also attack and feed on the exposed geoduck siphon.
197:
3379:
3324:
3290:
3253:
3203:
3180:
3171:
3140:
3106:
3071:
3062:
3012:
2982:
2929:
2901:
2832:
2823:
2767:
2688:
2634:
2591:
2459:
2450:
2342:
2314:
2298:
2265:
2161:
2109:
2058:
1992:
661:. It is considered to have a texture similar to an
453:, which may also contribute to their longevity. In
182:
1127:
1007:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
778:"The proper name for the geoduck: resurrection of
701:Geoduck before cooking at a Chinese restaurant in
1333:. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013
1267:The Potential Impacts of the Commercial Geoduck (
1035:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
971:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
310:
304:
298:
292:
237:
1573:. Responsibleshellfishfarming.ca. Archived from
1189:Campbell, A.; Harbo, R. M.; Hand, C. M. (1998).
1914:Geoduck.org; Underwater Harvester's Association
1650:Environmental Defense for Pew Oceans Commission
786:(Conrad, 1849) (Bivalvia: Myoida: Hiatellidae)"
2430:
1969:
1320:
1318:
1112:Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994).
733:, has a geoduck as its mascot named Speedy.
8:
1882:"Everything You Need to Know About Geoducks"
1690:"Shellfish Aquaculture Regulatory Committee"
465:have proved capable of dislodging geoducks;
1925:The Evergreen State College's Geoducks Page
1325:Rumble, JM; Hebert, KP; Siddon, CE (2012).
840:"The 'phallic' clam America sells to China"
771:
769:
767:
3367:
3177:
3068:
2829:
2456:
2437:
2423:
2415:
1976:
1962:
1954:
1930:Fisheries and Oceans Canada—Geoduck clam (
1495:"Geoduck aquaculture in South Puget Sound"
1408:"Poaching hurts geoduck population growth"
1116:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
859:
857:
595:The large, meaty siphon is prized for its
373:(Conrad, 1849), in scientific literature.
29:
20:
1625:. Puget Sound Partnership. Archived from
1085:
1856:"10 Weird And Hilarious College Mascots"
1214:. Oxford University Press. p. 171.
362:
744:
691:
546:
1743:. Washington Sea Grant. Archived from
1344:
1236:"Geoduck Aquaculture Research Program"
950:
940:
889:
887:
568:An ostensibly record-setting geoduck,
232:. The common name is derived from the
1597:"Henderson Bay Shoreline Association"
1525:. Protect Our Shoreline. 12 July 2000
1107:
1105:
900:Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
833:
831:
829:
529:Washington State Department of Health
7:
3685:Taxa named by Augustus Addison Gould
3655:Western North American coastal fauna
1919:Geoduck.org: UHA—BC Seafood Alliance
1834:"Speedy, Evergreen's Geoduck Mascot"
1806:"Programmatic Biological Evaluation"
1148:participating institution membership
3670:Seafood in Native American cuisine
1571:"Responsible Shellfish Farming BC"
1264:Willner, Georgina B. (June 2006).
782:Gould, 1850, from the synonymy of
14:
2406:List of fishing topics by subject
3640:Marine molluscs of North America
2049:
1868:2. Evergreen State - The Geoduck
1858:. buzzfeed.com. 11 November 2011
759:World Register of Marine Species
709:
694:
561:
549:
303:is disputed. The lexical suffix
178:
50:
1396:, 22 April 2012, pp 1 & 10.
524:Department of Natural Resources
389:and the northwest coast of the
2059:Land and freshwater gastropods
1370:. KOMOnews.com. Archived from
1366:Vedder, Tracy (3 March 2011).
1211:Diversity in Sinitic Languages
838:Morgan, James (19 July 2015).
352:
1:
3650:Molluscs of the United States
3645:Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean
1909:Man and Mollusc—Geoduck facts
1772:Journal of Shellfish Research
623:, geoduck is prepared as raw
607:shape. It is very popular in
1547:. Apheti.com. Archived from
1208:Chappell, Hilary M. (2015).
1074:Geophysical Research Letters
1055:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.010
991:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.015
1880:Tran, Lina (17 July 2016).
679:
673:
667:
657:
651:
611:, where it is considered a
425: lb) at maturity, but
318:It is sometimes known as a
3706:
3680:Bivalves described in 1850
3675:Washington (state) culture
1741:"Current Geoduck Research"
761: on 28 December 2010.
757:. Retrieved through:
683:sushi, which is made from
584:Environmental Defense Fund
491:
3355:
2939:Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
2403:
2047:
1351:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1167:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1135:Oxford English Dictionary
343:
262:Geoduck growth increments
152:
145:
47:Scientific classification
45:
37:
28:
23:
2810:Placopecten magellanicus
2654:New Zealand green-lipped
2152:Placopecten magellanicus
866:Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci
224:of very large saltwater
3315:Acanthopleura granulata
2884:(group of four species)
2306:Freshwater pearl mussel
2194:Austrovenus stutchburyi
1949:Geoduck cooking Recipes
1813:Protectourshoreline.org
1623:"About the Partnership"
1523:"Protect Our Shoreline"
1502:Protectourshoreline.org
1140:Oxford University Press
727:Evergreen State College
311:
305:
299:
293:
238:
3308:Acanthopleura echinata
3218:Atlantic white-spotted
2669:Asian/Philippine green
2251:Ruditapes largillierti
1406:Dunagan, Christopher.
1114:Lushootseed Dictionary
665:(known in Japanese as
572:, Seattle, Washington.
570:Ye Olde Curiosity Shop
280:
263:
3576:Paleobiology Database
3244:Amphioctopus fangsiao
2888:South African abalone
2760:("true oyster" genus)
2526:California butterclam
2187:Mercenaria mercenaria
2110:Free-swimming marine
703:Sunnyvale, California
291:name for the animal,
274:
261:
2969:Ribbed Mediterranean
2484:Grooved carpet shell
2257:Grooved carpet shell
2145:Argopecten irradians
1784:10.2983/035.030.0317
1603:on 28 September 2007
1551:on 29 September 2007
1087:10.1029/2004GL019440
920:10.1029/2021PA004291
805:10.4002/040.052.0111
578:Environmental impact
328:translated literally
287:is derived from the
275:Geoduck for sale at
3660:Commercial molluscs
2964:Rayed Mediterranean
2558:Japanese littleneck
2299:Freshwater bivalves
2225:Spisula solidissima
1577:on 18 February 2012
1474:Alaska Public Media
1449:on 14 November 2006
1418:on 29 February 2012
1138:(Online ed.).
1047:2009PPP...278...40B
983:2011PPP...311..126K
912:2021PaPa...36.4291E
731:Olympia, Washington
494:Geoduck aquaculture
432:A related species,
336:elephant-trunk clam
297:. The etymology of
277:Tsukiji fish market
38:A live specimen of
3690:Ark of Taste foods
3337:Land snail farming
2751:Gillardeau oysters
2469:Atlantic jackknife
2232:Paphies ventricosa
2201:Saxidomus nuttalli
2174:Atlantic surf clam
1443:National Fisherman
1243:wsg.washington.edu
953:has generic name (
722:In popular culture
281:
264:
16:Species of bivalve
3617:
3616:
3563:Open Tree of Life
3373:Taxon identifiers
3364:
3363:
3342:Gastropod anatomy
3301:Chiton magnificus
3286:
3285:
3263:New Zealand arrow
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3038:Kelletia lischkei
3003:Littorina sitkana
2949:Yellow-foot opihi
2819:
2818:
2713:Colchester native
2412:
2411:
2355:Gathering by hand
2239:Paphies australis
2208:Arctica islandica
2162:Infaunal bivalves
2040:Kelletia lischkei
2033:Kelletia kelletii
1696:on 21 August 2007
1394:The Seattle Times
1221:978-0-19-103573-9
1146:(Subscription or
1013:(12): 2572–2578.
541:COVID-19 pandemic
516:Canadian province
435:Panopea zelandica
363:zoeng6 bat6 pong5
170:
169:
3697:
3665:Japanese seafood
3610:
3609:
3597:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3570:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3441:
3440:
3428:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3411:Panopea generosa
3400:
3399:
3398:
3381:Panopea generosa
3368:
3178:
3092:Chorus giganteus
3069:
2830:
2793:Pecten jacobaeus
2500:Mactra stultorum
2457:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2266:Sessile bivalves
2138:Pecten jacobaeus
2088:Cepaea nemoralis
2053:
2026:Bullacta exarata
2019:Buccinum undatum
1978:
1971:
1964:
1955:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1768:Panopea generosa
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1599:. Archived from
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1445:. Archived from
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1414:. Archived from
1403:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1001:
995:
994:
965:
959:
958:
952:
948:
946:
938:
936:
934:
891:
882:
881:
872:(8): 1355–1372.
861:
852:
851:
849:
847:
835:
824:
823:
821:
819:
790:
780:Panopea generosa
773:
762:
753:Panopea generosa
749:
713:
698:
682:
676:
670:
660:
654:
565:
553:
520:British Columbia
424:
423:
419:
416:
399:British Columbia
364:
354:
345:
314:
308:
302:
296:
241:
218:Panopea generosa
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
158:
156:Panopea generosa
138:P. generosa
55:
54:
40:Panopea generosa
33:
21:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3566:
3561:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3475:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3449:
3444:
3436:
3431:
3423:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3375:
3365:
3360:
3351:
3347:Bivalve anatomy
3320:
3282:
3268:Japanese flying
3249:
3199:
3159:
3136:
3102:
3058:
3008:
2978:
2959:Common European
2925:
2897:
2815:
2799:Peruvian calico
2763:
2684:
2681:(mussel family)
2630:
2587:
2532:Senilia senilis
2446:
2445:Edible mollusks
2443:
2413:
2408:
2399:
2338:
2310:
2294:
2289:Pinctada maxima
2261:
2179:Soft-shell clam
2157:
2105:
2054:
2045:
1988:
1982:
1932:Panopea abrupta
1905:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1836:. evergreen.edu
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1747:on 19 June 2012
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:Panope generosa
1263:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:10.1139/F08-158
1003:
1002:
998:
967:
966:
962:
949:
939:
932:
930:
893:
892:
885:
878:10.1139/f04-136
863:
862:
855:
845:
843:
837:
836:
827:
817:
815:
788:
784:Panopea abrupta
775:
774:
765:
750:
746:
742:
724:
717:
714:
705:
699:
645:, a species of
603:because of its
593:
580:
573:
566:
557:
554:
496:
490:
421:
417:
414:
412:
379:
371:Panopea abrupta
269:
181:
177:
174:Pacific geoduck
166:
160:
154:
141:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3598:
3585:
3572:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3468:
3455:
3442:
3429:
3416:
3401:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Oyster farming
3328:
3326:
3325:Related topics
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3117:Cornu aspersum
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2626:Giant Atlantic
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Triangle shell
2545:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Oyster farming
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2131:Pecten maximus
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2074:Cornu aspersum
2070:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1903:External links
1901:
1899:
1898:
1872:
1847:
1825:
1797:
1778:(3): 771–776.
1758:
1732:
1707:
1681:
1655:
1640:
1614:
1588:
1562:
1536:
1514:
1486:
1460:
1437:Ess, Charlie.
1429:
1398:
1385:
1374:on 6 June 2011
1358:
1314:
1288:
1256:
1227:
1220:
1200:
1181:
1153:
1119:
1101:
1060:
1024:
996:
977:(1): 126–135.
960:
883:
853:
825:
799:(1): 169–173.
763:
743:
741:
738:
723:
720:
719:
718:
715:
708:
706:
700:
693:
686:Tridacna gigas
649:, and labeled
637:Japanese menus
617:Korean cuisine
592:
589:
579:
576:
575:
574:
567:
560:
558:
555:
548:
492:Main article:
489:
486:
440:microsporidium
381:Native to the
378:
375:
268:
265:
228:in the family
168:
167:
161:
150:
149:
143:
142:
135:
133:
129:
128:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3702:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Pacific giant
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3131:Helix pomatia
3128:
3126:
3125:
3124:Helix lucorum
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2744:Ostra chilena
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Mediterranean
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:(razor genus)
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Pacific razor
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Atlantic surf
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Pearl farming
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Heliciculture
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:Queen scallop
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:Helix pomatia
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1670:on 6 May 2009
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1629:on 7 May 2009
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1257:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1170:(Online). n.d
1169:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1000:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
964:
961:
956:
944:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
860:
858:
854:
841:
834:
832:
830:
826:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
785:
781:
772:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
754:
748:
745:
739:
737:
734:
732:
728:
721:
712:
707:
704:
697:
692:
690:
688:
687:
681:
675:
669:
664:
659:
653:
648:
644:
643:
642:Tresus keenae
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:Culinary uses
590:
588:
585:
577:
571:
564:
559:
552:
547:
545:
542:
537:
533:
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
495:
487:
485:
482:
478:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
436:
430:
428:
410:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:United States
388:
384:
376:
374:
372:
367:
365:
359:
355:
349:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
313:
307:
301:
295:
290:
286:
278:
273:
266:
260:
256:
254:
249:
243:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:
208:
175:
164:
159:
157:
151:
148:
147:Binomial name
144:
140:
139:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3380:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3242:
3233:Southern red
3129:
3122:
3115:
3090:
3064:Other snails
3036:
3001:
2808:
2791:
2777:Atlantic bay
2755:
2743:
2708:Southern mud
2580:
2572:
2530:
2511:Ocean quahog
2498:
2478:
2385:Pearl diving
2375:Oyster boats
2360:Clam digging
2287:
2283:Pearl oyster
2249:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2095:Otala lactea
2093:
2086:
2081:Helix aperta
2079:
2072:
2065:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
1937:
1931:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1875:
1867:
1862:20 September
1860:. Retrieved
1850:
1840:20 September
1838:. Retrieved
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1800:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:the original
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1658:
1649:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:the original
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1442:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:the original
1411:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:the original
1361:
1347:cite journal
1337:29 September
1335:. Retrieved
1330:
1305:. Retrieved
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1270:
1266:
1259:
1247:. Retrieved
1242:
1230:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1133:
1122:
1113:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1041:(1): 40–47.
1038:
1034:
1027:
1010:
1006:
999:
974:
970:
963:
951:|last5=
943:cite journal
933:13 September
931:. Retrieved
903:
899:
869:
865:
844:. Retrieved
816:. Retrieved
796:
792:
783:
779:
752:
747:
735:
725:
684:
640:
627:, dipped in
594:
581:
538:
534:
501:
497:
479:
471:
444:
433:
431:
380:
370:
368:
361:
351:
335:
323:
319:
317:
284:
282:
244:
217:
173:
171:
155:
153:
137:
136:
124:
39:
18:
3635:Hiatellidae
3589:SeaLifeBase
3511:NatureServe
3472:iNaturalist
3405:Wikispecies
3278:Neon flying
2984:Periwinkles
2944:Turtle/talc
2877:Green ormer
2787:New Zealand
2757:Crassostrea
2738:Sydney rock
2616:New Zealand
2538:Smooth clam
2506:Blunt gaper
2316:Cephalopods
1984:Commercial
1700:10 December
1479:18 February
793:Malacologia
755:Gould, 1850
601:aphrodisiac
393:(primarily
353:xiàngbábàng
289:Lushootseed
253:crossdating
234:Lushootseed
230:Hiatellidae
114:Hiatellidae
3624:Categories
3195:Bottletail
3182:Cuttlefish
3142:Freshwater
3086:Korean mud
3049:Pear whelk
2825:Gastropods
2782:Great/king
2728:Windowpane
2723:Portuguese
2659:California
2563:Razor clam
2543:Soft-shell
2390:Ama divers
2343:Techniques
2334:Cuttlefish
2008:Periwinkle
1995:gastropods
1412:Kitsap Sun
1150:required.)
1080:(6): n/a.
740:References
658:mirukuigai
647:horse clam
508:Washington
459:sea otters
395:Washington
383:west coast
213:GOO-ee-duk
104:Adapedonta
3516:2.1133632
3190:Spineless
3054:Lightning
3022:Channeled
2679:Mytilidae
2568:Pod razor
2489:Hard clam
1891:11 August
1725:1 January
1307:1 January
1281:1 January
1162:"geoduck"
1129:"geoduck"
928:239151578
663:ark shell
629:soy sauce
451:predators
427:specimens
401:), these
326:or, when
324:king clam
283:The name
267:Etymology
132:Species:
70:Kingdom:
64:Eukaryota
3490:10236069
3451:46473286
3396:Q1068209
3390:Wikidata
3358:Category
3273:Humboldt
3223:Big blue
3081:Mud-flat
3032:Kellet's
2872:Greenlip
2867:Blacklip
2769:Scallops
2452:Bivalves
2395:Trawling
2365:Dredging
2112:bivalves
2101:Escargot
1986:mollusks
1453:1 August
1249:18 April
1174:29 March
1096:15853307
813:84189390
680:himejako
613:delicacy
514:and the
488:Industry
467:starfish
447:plankton
409:mollusks
358:Jyutping
320:mud duck
279:in Tokyo
110:Family:
94:Bivalvia
84:Mollusca
80:Phylum:
74:Animalia
60:Domain:
24:Geoduck
3542:geoduck
3529:1049056
3464:5189532
3292:Chitons
3205:Octopus
3173:Inkfish
3155:Nerites
3044:Knobbed
2931:Limpets
2916:Elegant
2903:Conches
2893:Chilean
2834:Abalone
2718:Pacific
2703:Olympia
2698:Eastern
2690:Oysters
2636:Mussels
2593:Cockles
2582:Paphies
2479:Geoduck
2324:Octopus
2219:Geoduck
2120:Scallop
2003:Abalone
1993:Marine
1792:2075387
1378:6 March
1043:Bibcode
979:Bibcode
908:Bibcode
846:20 July
818:2 March
674:Mirugai
652:mirugai
625:sashimi
605:phallic
481:Biomass
474:billion
463:dogfish
420:⁄
406:bivalve
377:Biology
340:Chinese
332:Chinese
285:Geoduck
248:siphons
222:species
220:) is a
125:Panopea
120:Genus:
100:Order:
90:Class:
3607:545994
3581:168108
3568:875210
3555:545994
3477:117618
3425:652946
3213:Common
3098:Bailer
3027:Common
3014:Whelks
2997:Banded
2992:Common
2974:Rustic
2746:/Bluff
2621:Sydney
2611:Goolwa
2601:Common
2553:Tuatua
2278:Mussel
2273:Oyster
2245:Tuatua
2214:Cockle
1818:23 May
1790:
1751:5 June
1607:20 May
1581:5 June
1555:5 June
1529:5 June
1507:23 May
1422:5 June
1218:
1197:: 350.
1094:
926:
811:
668:akagai
633:wasabi
597:savory
512:Oregon
510:, and
504:Alaska
455:Alaska
403:marine
387:Canada
360::
350::
348:pinyin
342::
300:gʷidəq
294:gʷidəq
239:gʷidəq
236:name,
165:, 1850
3630:Clams
3602:WoRMS
3594:49107
3503:81777
3485:IRMNG
3438:4CG5S
3255:Squid
3238:Mimic
3150:Apple
2954:China
2911:Queen
2857:Green
2852:Black
2842:White
2804:Yesso
2664:Brown
2606:Blood
2574:Ensis
2521:Venus
2494:Horse
2461:Clams
2329:Squid
2013:Whelk
1886:Eater
1809:(PDF)
1788:S2CID
1719:(PDF)
1674:8 May
1633:8 May
1498:(PDF)
1301:(PDF)
1275:(PDF)
1239:(PDF)
1144:
1092:S2CID
924:S2CID
906:(9).
842:. BBC
809:S2CID
789:(PDF)
635:. On
621:Japan
609:China
334:, an
330:from
163:Gould
3550:OBIS
3537:NOAA
3524:NCBI
3498:ITIS
3459:GBIF
3420:BOLD
3108:Land
2882:Pāua
2862:Pink
2733:Rock
2674:Date
2644:Blue
2169:Clam
1893:2022
1864:2019
1842:2019
1820:2017
1753:2012
1727:2023
1702:2018
1676:2009
1635:2009
1609:2017
1583:2012
1557:2012
1531:2012
1509:2017
1481:2020
1455:2008
1424:2012
1380:2011
1353:link
1339:2013
1309:2023
1283:2023
1251:2014
1216:ISBN
1176:2007
955:help
935:2022
848:2015
820:2012
631:and
539:The
461:and
397:and
226:clam
172:The
3446:EoL
3433:CoL
3073:Sea
2921:Dog
2847:Red
1780:doi
1082:doi
1051:doi
1039:278
1015:doi
987:doi
975:311
916:doi
874:doi
801:doi
729:in
671:).
655:or
518:of
385:of
366:).
344:象拔蚌
312:=əq
306:=əq
3626::
3604::
3591::
3578::
3565::
3552::
3539::
3526::
3513::
3500::
3487::
3474::
3461::
3448::
3435::
3422::
3407::
3392::
1884:.
1866:.
1811:.
1786:.
1776:30
1774:.
1500:.
1472:.
1441:.
1410:.
1349:}}
1345:{{
1329:.
1317:^
1241:.
1193:.
1164:.
1132:.
1104:^
1090:.
1078:31
1076:.
1072:.
1049:.
1037:.
1011:65
1009:.
985:.
973:.
947::
945:}}
941:{{
922:.
914:.
904:36
902:.
898:.
886:^
870:61
868:.
856:^
828:^
807:.
797:52
795:.
791:.
766:^
689:.
506:,
457:,
356:;
346:;
322:,
242:.
216:;
189:uː
2438:e
2431:t
2424:v
1977:e
1970:t
1963:v
1940:.
1936:—
1934:)
1921:,
1895:.
1844:.
1822:.
1794:.
1782::
1755:.
1729:.
1704:.
1678:.
1652:.
1637:.
1611:.
1585:.
1559:.
1533:.
1511:.
1483:.
1457:.
1426:.
1382:.
1355:)
1341:.
1311:.
1285:.
1253:.
1224:.
1178:.
1142:.
1098:.
1084::
1057:.
1053::
1045::
1021:.
1017::
993:.
989::
981::
957:)
937:.
918::
910::
880:.
876::
850:.
822:.
803::
422:2
418:1
415:+
413:1
338:(
207:/
204:k
201:ʌ
198:d
195:ˌ
192:i
186:ɡ
183:ˈ
180:/
176:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
