873:
924:
463:
645:, a city close to Constantinople captured by the Turks in 1085. Godfrey and his troops played a minor role, with Bohemond successfully commanding much of the action but as the Crusaders were about to storm the city, they noticed the Byzantine flag flying from the top of the walls. Wanting to minimise damage to what was an important Byzantine city and suspecting the Crusaders would demand a heavy ransom for handing it over, Alexios had made a separate peace with the Turkish garrison. Although the majority of the Crusader leaders accepted Alexios' right to do so, it was an illustration of the level of mutual suspicion between the two sides.
3197:
746:
678:, which began in October 1097 and did not surrender until June 1098 after long and bitter fighting. During the winter, the crusading army came close to starvation and many returned to Europe, while Alexios assumed all was lost at Antioch and failed to provide them with supplies as promised. When the city finally fell, Bohemond claimed it for himself and refused to hand it over to the Emperor citing the Emperor's failure to help the crusaders at Antioch as breaking the oath; after repulsing a Muslim force from
623:
542:
3218:
2025:, the famous and splendid Count of that region, whose many and memorable works are still recalled by the old men of the neighboring provinces and his memory as a religious and Godfearing man is like a blessing in the pious recollection of men. Duke Godfrey's mother was well-known among the noble matrons of the West, as much for her way of life as for her noble generosity. She was named
703:, hesitated to continue the march. After months of waiting, the common people on the crusade forced Raymond to march on to Jerusalem, and Godfrey quickly joined him. As they travelled south into Palestine, the Crusaders faced a new enemy. No longer were the Seljuk Turks the rulers of these lands. Now the Christian army had to deal with armies of North African Muslims called
2934:
649:
1042:
723:
Godfrey and some of his knights were the first to take the walls and enter the city. It was an end to three years of fighting by the
Crusaders, but they had finally achieved what they had set out to do in 1096—to recapture the Holy Land and, in particular, the city of Jerusalem and its holy sites, such as the
604:
while others arrived over the next few months. Unlike the limited numbers he had anticipated, by May 1097 Alexios found himself with over 4,000 to 8,000 mounted knights and 25,000 to 55,000 infantry camped on his doorstep. This mattered because the two sides had different goals; Alexius simply wanted
859:
suggest that both
Dagobert and his ally Tancred had sworn an oath to Godfrey to accept only one of his brothers or blood relations as his successor. Whatever Dagobert's schemes, they were destined to come to naught. Being at Haifa at the time of Godfrey's death, he could do nothing to stop Godfrey's
694:
After this victory, the
Crusaders were divided over their next course of action. The bishop of Le Puy had died at Antioch. Bohemond decided to remain behind in order to secure his new principality; and Godfrey's younger brother, Baldwin, also decided to stay in the north in the Crusader state he had
599:
After the People's
Crusade entered Hungary in June, a series of incidents had culminated in a full-scale battle with their hosts and the deaths of over 10,000 Crusaders; as a result, when Godfrey and his troops approached the border in September, it took several days of negotiations before they were
1865:
and that he left behind in
England a son, William de Boulogne (adult by 1106, died c. 1169). However, Alan Murray analyzed the argument in detail and concluded that contemporary documents clearly distinguish between the two names, and as there is no evidence for their identity and traditions of the
722:
It was in
Jerusalem that the legend of Godfrey of Bouillon was born. The army reached the city in June 1099 and built a wooden siege tower (from lumber provided by some Italian sailors who intentionally scrapped their ships) to get over the walls. The major attack took place on 14 and 15 July 1099.
427:
A major test of
Godfrey's leadership skills was shown in his battles to defend his inheritance against a significant array of enemies. In 1076 he had succeeded as designated heir to the Lotharingian lands of his uncle, Godfrey the Hunchback, and Godfrey was struggling to maintain control over the
942:, the later 12th-century chronicler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Godfrey was "tall of stature, not extremely so, but still taller than the average man. He was strong beyond compare, with solidly-built limbs and a stalwart chest. His features were pleasing, his beard and hair of medium blond."
816:, who was allied with Tancred. Although the Latins came close to capturing Ascalon, Godfrey's attempts to prevent Raymond of St. Gilles from securing the city for himself meant that the town remained in Muslim hands, destined to be a thorn in the new kingdom's side for years to come.
895:
reported that "In this year , Godfrey, lord of
Jerusalem, appeared before the fortified port of 'Akkā and made an assault upon it, but was struck by an arrow, which killed him". While this claim is repeated in other Muslim sources, it does not appear in Christian chronicles;
613:
from the
Muslims. When Alexios demanded an oath of loyalty, Godfrey and most of the Crusaders agreed a modified version in which they promised to restore some lands to the Emperor, Raymond of Toulouse being a notable exception: he would just promise to do the Emperor no harm.
1861:, Camden (3rd Ser.) 73 (1951) pp. 25–26) followed earlier writers in suggesting that since the names Godfrey and Geoffrey shared a common origin, Godfrey is identical to the Geoffrey of Boulogne who appears in English records, marrying Beatrice, daughter of
2033:
who was known as Struma. That Duke
Godfrey, since he had no children, adopted his nephew Godfrey as his own son and bestowed his entire patrimony upon young Godfrey as his heir. Thus, when the elder Duke Godfrey died, the young Godfrey succeeded him as
447:
As these enemies tried to take away portions of his land, Godfrey's brothers, Eustace and Baldwin, both came to his aid. Following these long struggles and proving that he was a loyal vassal to Henry IV, Godfrey finally gained Lower Lorraine in 1087.
40:
1033:
By William of Tyre's time later in the 12th century, Godfrey was already a legend among the descendants of the original crusaders. Godfrey was believed to have possessed immense physical strength; it was said that in
2305:
864:, from seizing Jerusalem and demanding that Godfrey's brother Baldwin should succeed to the rule. Dagobert was subsequently forced to crown Baldwin as the first Latin king of Jerusalem on 25 December 1100.
671:, then sacked their camp. After this battle and during the trek through Asia Minor, some sources suggest that Godfrey was attacked by a bear and received a serious wound which incapacitated him for a time.
1176:" was written in the mid 1580s and known to have been performed in 1586. The play was discovered in the late 1980s by Stefano Arata. It is attributed to and is now widely accepted to have been written by
1866:
Crusade indicate Godfrey was unmarried and childless, the two must be considered to have been distinct. Geoffrey, the English landholder, was apparently an illegitimate brother of Godfrey, the Crusader.
3045:
872:
819:
In 1100, Godfrey was unable to directly expand his new territories through conquest. However, his impressive victory in 1099 and his subsequent campaigning in 1100 meant that he was able to force
3255:
839:
to become tributaries. Meanwhile, the struggle with Dagobert continued, although the terms of the conflict are difficult to trace. Dagobert may well have envisaged turning Jerusalem into a
699:. Most of the foot soldiers wanted to continue south to Jerusalem, but Raymond IV of Toulouse, by this time the most powerful of the princes, having taken others into his employ, such as
565:. Each travelled separately, since it was impossible for one region to feed and supply such large numbers on their own; the first to leave in spring 1096 was what became known as the
949:
and one of those who had taken part in its capture, Godfrey was idealized in later accounts. He was depicted as the military leader of the crusade, a legislator who established the
3977:
3038:
629:
2309:
851:, whose account of these events is troublesome; it is only William who tells us that Dagobert forced Godfrey to concede Jerusalem and Jaffa, while other writers such as
585:, while Godfrey and his two brothers, leading an army from Lorraine reportedly 40,000 strong, set out in August 1096 following the route taken by the People's Crusade.
2537:
3248:
2552:
3031:
3921:
957:, a pantheon of famous warriors thought to epitomise chivalric ideals. In reality, Godfrey was only one of several leaders of the crusade, which also included
2333:
La genealogie avecques les gestes et nobles faitz darmes du trespreux et renommé prince Godeffroy de Boulion et de ses chevaleureux frères Baudouin et Eustace
3210:
518:, who at 55 was the oldest and most experienced of the Crusader nobles. As a result, he expected to lead the expedition, a claim boosted by the presence of
3972:
3962:
2795:
How Carolingian Kingship Trumped Millenniarism at the End of the First Crusade in 'The legend of Charlemagne in the Middle Ages: power, faith, and crusade'
2045:"The tomb of Godfrey was destroyed in 1808, but at that time a large sword, said to have been his, was still shown." L. Bréhier, "Godfrey of Bouillon" in
3241:
2876:
2508:
3829:
1206:
by Margaret Ann Hubbard, which follows Godfrey and his men on their journey to the Holy Land. It is told through the eyes of Bennet, Godfrey's squire.
659:
Godfrey continued to play a minor, yet significant, role in the battles against the Seljuks until the Crusaders finally reached Jerusalem in 1099. At
641:, where he was joined by Bohemund, Robert of Flanders and Hugh of Vermandois. Accompanied by Byzantine soldiers, in early May the Crusaders invested
3982:
985:, Godfrey's younger brother, became the first titled king when he succeeded Godfrey in 1100. The assizes were the result of a gradual development.
436:, and Count Theoderic of Veluwe. This coalition was joined by Bishop Theoderic of Verdun, and two minor counts attempting to share in the spoils,
592:
in December 1095. In the spring and early summer of 1096, members of the People's Crusade plundered and massacred Jewish communities during the
462:
3967:
3957:
2802:
2634:
2576:
2527:
2469:
1862:
3889:
2170:
Natasha Hodgson 'Lions, Tigers and Bears: encounters with wild animals and bestial imagery in the context of crusading to the Latin East'
2030:
715:. The Fatimids had taken Jerusalem in August 1098. The Crusaders would be battling them for the final prize of the First Crusade in the
510:. He was joined by his older brother, Eustace, and his younger brother, Baldwin, who had no lands in Europe and was seeking them in the
354:
574:
3884:
3338:
3006:
2762:
2739:
2694:
2400:
1180:. It is an adaptation of Tasso's poem and features Godfrey as an ideal of Christian kingship, possibly as a critical parallel to King
653:
3809:
3759:
3264:
2655:
2485:
2445:
2422:
2375:
1991:
1900:
1074:
923:
769:
Once the city was returned to Christian rule, some form of government had to be set up. On 22 July 1099, a council was held in the
3992:
928:
782:
3997:
3834:
3799:
648:
3824:
3819:
3814:
2830:, ed. and tr. Susan B. Edgington. Oxford: Oxford Medieval Texts, 2007. The principal source for Godfrey's march to Jerusalem.
546:
298:
789:, or his previous rank of duke. Later chroniclers who did not participate in the First Crusade suggest he took the title of
291:
2938:
4017:
3794:
3366:
3091:
2996:
2022:
1539:
515:
346:
325:
declined the offer to become ruler of the new kingdom, Godfrey accepted the role and secured his kingdom by defeating the
322:
275:
114:
46:
2498:. Indiana University publications. Social science series, no.5. Indiana University Publications, Social Science Series 5.
3804:
3141:
3074:
1663:
1551:
1394:
966:
880:
813:
774:
770:
724:
535:
467:
393:
268:
164:
3196:
745:
4007:
3987:
3578:
3121:
1401:
601:
507:
333:
a month later, bringing the First Crusade to an end. He died in July 1100 and was succeeded by his brother Baldwin as
773:
and after Raymond of Toulouse had refused the crown, Godfrey agreed to become ruler. However, he preferred the title
2386:
4012:
4002:
3332:
2754:
1983:
1532:
700:
664:
660:
310:
2986:
2006:
1188:
716:
382:
318:
3161:
3101:
2504:"The Army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096–1099: Structure and Dynamics of a Contingent on the First Crusade" (PDF)
1907:
God forbid", said he, "that I should be crowned with a crown of gold, where my Saviour bore a crown of thorns.
2904:. Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis 38. Turnholt: Brepols, 1986; tr. E. A. Babcock and A. C. Krey,
3273:
3131:
3111:
3096:
3086:
2392:
1803:
970:
927:
Sixteenth-century bronze statue of Godfrey of Bouillon from the group of heroes surrounding the memorial to
413:
378:
588:
Pope Urban II's call for the crusade spurred a wave of violence against Jews across Europe, beginning with
3390:
3222:
3116:
3081:
2969:
1815:
1677:
1096:, a public vote of national heroes in Belgium. He did not make the 100 greatest Belgians, as voted by the
1054:
982:
974:
958:
550:
405:
302:
287:
188:
86:
78:
3942:
3864:
3857:
3608:
3395:
3372:
1157:(1268–1314). At least six editions are preserved from the 16th century, published between 1504 and 1580.
962:
527:
374:
259:
from 1099 to 1100. Although initially reluctant to take the title of king, he agreed to rule as prince (
3952:
3947:
3691:
3626:
3596:
3471:
3454:
3166:
3136:
3106:
3058:
2461:
A History of the Crusades: Volume 1, The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1232:
1050:
950:
946:
932:
740:
437:
256:
153:
3852:
3754:
3360:
3299:
3151:
3013:
2871:
2861:
2645:
1692:
1275:
1177:
1165:
1154:
1092:
989:
911:
Suggestions he was poisoned are unlikely and it is more probable he died from a disease similar to
593:
566:
557:
Following advice provided by Pope Urban, most of these armies set out in mid-summer and headed for
491:
433:
3902:
3879:
3466:
3186:
3176:
1656:
1213:
1181:
1017:
562:
429:
397:
137:
104:
2916:
499:
377:, died childless and named his nephew, Godfrey of Bouillon, as his heir and next in line to his
373:. As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother. However his maternal uncle,
3774:
3584:
3491:
3384:
3355:
3349:
3054:
2959:
2798:
2758:
2735:
2690:
2651:
2630:
2572:
2523:
2517:
2503:
2481:
2465:
2441:
2418:
2396:
2371:
1987:
1896:
1854:
1080:
1062:
1026:
1012:
978:
905:
836:
805:
519:
441:
401:
389:
334:
330:
208:
178:
60:
2880:, tr. John Hugh Hill and Laurita L. Hill. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1968.
3723:
3620:
3528:
3436:
3378:
3343:
3327:
3181:
3146:
2883:
2781:
2595:
2014:
1117:
1102:
1097:
1069:
901:
809:
696:
675:
638:
622:
503:
487:
417:
409:
408:, allegedly as a test of his loyalty. Godfrey supported Henry even during his struggle with
358:
314:
283:
279:
133:
428:
lands that Henry IV had not taken away from him. Claims were raised by his aunt Margravine
3659:
3614:
3538:
3481:
3448:
3156:
3126:
2979:
2893:
2834:
2455:
2363:
2026:
2018:
1971:
1670:
1558:
1193:
1128:
1088:
1038:
he wrestled a bear and won, and that he once beheaded a camel with one blow of his sword.
998:
939:
892:
848:
778:
777:
to that of king, allegedly refusing to "wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had worn a
762:
754:
642:
400:
and future emperor, decided to place it in the hands of his own son and give Godfrey only
366:
350:
306:
236:
220:
198:
3590:
3418:
3023:
2850:
2785:
2673:
2493:
1160:
1021:
861:
668:
558:
244:
228:
2519:
Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Ruler of Latin Jerusalem, c. 1060–1100
2021:. He was descended from illustrious and religious forebears. His father was the elder
600:
allowed in. He finally reached Constantinople in November, shortly after those led by
278:
in France. He received an inheritance from his mother's family in 1076 when he became
3936:
3908:
3738:
3713:
3632:
3523:
3412:
3319:
2845:
2823:
2607:
2434:
1892:
1138:
1123:
1007:
993:
954:
897:
856:
852:
832:
531:
495:
479:
457:
252:
3233:
541:
17:
3701:
3515:
3430:
3281:
2912:
2410:
606:
582:
523:
2856:
The Gesta Tancredi of Ralph of Caen: A History of the Normans on the First Crusade
2569:
The Jews and the Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades
847:, but his full intentions are not clear. Much of the evidence for this comes from
2684:
2678:. University of London historical series, no. 5. Translated by Gibbs, H.V. Luzac.
2612:
Internet Medieval Sourcebook: The Crusaders at Constantinople: Collected Accounts
2459:
2331:
1153:(Knight of the Swan), the ancestor of Godfrey, and ending after the accession of
569:, an army of 20,000 low ranking knights and peasants which journeyed through the
3896:
3486:
3476:
3424:
3217:
2717:
Murray, Alan (1990). "The Title of Godfrey of Bouillon as Ruler of Jerusalem".
1972:"William of Tyre: Godfrey Of Bouillon Becomes "Defender Of The Holy Sepulcher""
381:. This duchy was an important one at the time, serving as a buffer between the
3696:
3638:
3460:
1227:
2921:. Medieval Sourcebook. Translated by Elizabeth S. Dawes. Fordham University.
1979:
765:
Manuscript in the Yates Thompson Collection (No. 12, fol. 46), 13th century.
610:
570:
511:
483:
471:
149:
2933:
1248:
Godfrey's relation to the rulers of Lorraine, Boulogne, Tuscany, and Rome
988:
Godfrey's role in the crusade was described by various authors, including
796:
During his short reign, Godfrey had to defend the new kingdom against the
3718:
3686:
3602:
3533:
3442:
3285:
3171:
2599:
1887:
Ibrahim, Raymond (2022). "Duke Godfrey: Defender of Christ's Sepulchre".
1146:
1058:
1016:
dealing with the First Crusade, which connected him to the legend of the
876:
728:
683:
578:
498:. Godfrey either sold or mortgaged most of his estates to the bishops of
326:
2866:
Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095–1127
3406:
3400:
3309:
1035:
1003:
912:
884:
840:
824:
797:
704:
370:
305:, Godfrey joined the First Crusade in 1096. He took part in actions at
173:
2586:
France, John (1983). "The Election and Title of Godfrey de Bouillon".
727:, the empty tomb of Jesus Christ. Godfrey endowed the hospital in the
3769:
3764:
3733:
3706:
3664:
3497:
1132:
652:
1883 portrayal of Godfrey and other leaders of the First Crusade, by
1041:
1163:
made Godfrey, as "Goffredo di Buglione", the hero of his epic poem
781:. Both the meaning and usage of his title is disputed. Some of the
39:
3304:
2772:
Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1979). "The Title of Godfrey of Bouillon".
2010:
1040:
922:
871:
828:
801:
744:
712:
708:
679:
647:
621:
589:
540:
461:
362:
2793:
Rubenstein, Jay (2008). Gabriele, Matthew; Stuckey, Jace (eds.).
1135:'s, in the Heaven of Mars with the other "warriors of the faith".
749:
Godfrey of Bouillon being created the Lord of the city. From the
3728:
3678:
3554:
3277:
2627:
The Jews in Medieval Normandy: A Social and Intellectual History
844:
820:
421:
3237:
3027:
2732:
The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099–1125
577:. Most of those from southern and northern France sailed from
2308:(in French). Università degli Studi di Milano. Archived from
1929:
1927:
3195:
2828:
Historia Ierosolimitana, History of the Journey to Jerusalem
2704:
John, Simon (2022). "The Long shadow of the First Crusade".
526:
who travelled with him. Significant forces also accompanied
2864:, Chronicle, ed. Harold S. Fink and tr. Francis Rita Ryan,
953:, and in the early 14th century was selected as one of the
2548:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 172–173.
1859:
Select Documents of the English Lands of the Abbey of Bec
514:. Others did the same, the largest being that raised by
416:. Godfrey fought alongside Henry and his forces against
345:
Godfrey of Bouillon was born around 1060, second son of
2906:
William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
2734:. Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College.
1200:
Godfrey also plays key roles in the following novels:
1053:
of Godfrey of Bouillon has stood in the centre of the
251:; 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a preeminent leader of the
1145:, completed in 1499, gives a complete history of the
2306:"Genealogie de Godefroi de Buillon de Pierre Desrey"
1045:
Equestrian statue of Godfrey of Bouillon in Brussels
667:
which had been pinned down by a Turkish force under
466:
The "sword of Godfrey of Bouillon" displayed at the
3845:
3787:
3747:
3677:
3652:
3571:
3547:
3514:
3507:
3318:
3292:
2650:. Translated by Miller, Michael J. Ignatius Press.
1219:
Godfrey de Bouillon, Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
707:, who had adopted the name of the ruling family in
637:In February 1097, Godfrey and his army crossed the
204:
194:
184:
172:
159:
143:
124:
120:
110:
100:
92:
85:
74:
66:
59:
32:
2647:Married Saints and Blesseds: Through the Centuries
2433:
357:and his first wife, Doda. He was probably born in
2854:, ed. Bernard S. Bachrach and David S. Bachrach,
553:meeting with Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos
3922:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Royalty and Nobility
2774:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
663:in July 1097, he helped relieve the vanguard at
561:where they could expect assistance from Emperor
482:called for military action in order to liberate
388:In fact, Lower Lorraine was so important to the
2243:
1174:La conquista de Jerusalén por Godofre de Bullón
908:in June 1100 and died in Jerusalem on 18 July.
1226:Godfrey's sword is given satirical mention in
3249:
3039:
2840:Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum
609:, while the Crusaders sought to liberate the
605:help in retaking Byzantine lands lost to the
361:, although one 13th-century chronicler cites
27:Duke of Low Lorraine and crusader (1060–1100)
8:
2495:The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon
2417:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
627:
3978:Burials at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
2868:. Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessy Press, 1969.
2330:Pierre Desrey; Vincent de Beauvais (1511),
2207:
1945:
630:Roman de Godefroy de Bouillon et de Saladin
494:had lost large swathes of territory to the
3744:
3649:
3568:
3511:
3504:
3256:
3242:
3234:
3046:
3032:
3024:
2944:
2877:Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem
1957:
1933:
1244:
1131:sees the spirit of Godfrey, together with
1087:In 2005 Godfrey came in 17th place in the
38:
29:
808:in August. He also faced opposition from
2902:Willemi Tyrensis Archiepiscopi Chronicon
2255:
2183:
2158:
2146:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
1020:, most famous today as the storyline of
904:suggest Godfrey fell ill while visiting
626:Siege of Nicaea in 1097. Miniature from
2509:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire
2388:The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land
2291:
1879:
1847:
977:to name a few, along with papal legate
317:, before playing a key role during the
290:, in reward for his support during the
2675:The Damascus chronicle of the Crusades
2267:
2231:
2219:
2195:
1918:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1483:
1481:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1065:, and inaugurated on 24 August 1848.
7:
3890:List of current constituent monarchs
2563:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2346:
2279:
2134:
353:, daughter of the Lotharingian duke
147:18 July 1100 (aged 39–40)
757:, detail of an historiated initial
282:, which is now in Belgium. In 1087
3973:12th-century monarchs of Jerusalem
3963:11th-century monarchs of Jerusalem
3885:List of current sovereign monarchs
3339:Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty
2908:. Columbia University Press, 1943.
2786:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1979.tb02085.x
2304:Weill, Isabelle; Suard, François.
1976:The Crusades: A Documentary Survey
654:Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville
25:
3760:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
3265:Imperial, royal, and noble styles
2888:Die Chronik des Ekkehard von Aura
2751:A History of the Knights of Malta
1149:, starting with the birth of the
1143:Genealogie de Godefroi de Buillon
1075:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
506:and used the money to recruit an
420:and in Italy when Henry captured
3216:
2932:
2368:The First Crusade: A New History
2029:and was a sister of the exalted
1895:: Bombardier Books. p. 48.
1072:theories put forth in the books
929:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
534:knight from southern Italy, and
3983:Christians of the First Crusade
1068:Godfrey is a key figure in the
1049:Since the mid-19th century, an
3875:Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
3075:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
2960:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
2689:. Taylor & Francis Group.
2629:. Cambridge University Press.
2571:. KTAV Publishing House, Inc.
2492:Andressohn, John Carl (1947).
2436:The First Crusaders, 1095–1131
2432:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1998).
879:of Godfrey of Bouillon in the
775:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
674:Godfrey also took part in the
269:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
61:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
50:by Maître du Roman de Fauvel,
44:Godfrey of Bouillon, from the
1:
2838:, ed. and tr. Rosalind Hill,
2551:Bréhier, Louis René (1909). "
2005:Duke Godfrey was born in the
1540:Godfrey III of Lower Lorraine
1197:(1711) as Tasso's "Goffredo".
785:used the more ambiguous term
618:Capture of Nicaea and Antioch
516:Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
347:Eustace II, Count of Boulogne
323:Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
276:Eustace II, Count of Boulogne
255:, and the first ruler of the
128:
51:
47:Roman de Godefroy de Bouillon
3968:12th-century French nobility
3958:11th-century French nobility
2540:". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
2415:Butler's Lives of the Saints
1664:Godfrey IV of Lower Lorraine
1552:Gothelo II of Lower Lorraine
1395:Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine
883:(1870, after a 15th-century
881:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
814:Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
771:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
536:Robert II, Count of Flanders
474:since 1808 (1854 photograph)
468:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
165:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
3579:Imperial and Royal Highness
2886:(d. 1126), tr. W. Pflüger,
2858:. Ashgate Publishing, 2005.
2644:Holböck, Ferdinand (2002).
2588:Canadian Journal of History
2567:Eidelberg, Schlomo (1996).
2336:(in French), Michel Le Noir
1970:Brundage, James A. (1962).
1402:Gothelo I of Lower Lorraine
804:, who were defeated at the
490:, which in the years since
70:22 July 1099 – 18 July 1100
4034:
3333:Imperial and Royal Majesty
2755:Cambridge University Press
2749:Porter, Whitworth (2013).
1984:Marquette University Press
1533:Beatrice of Upper Lorraine
1061:, Belgium. It was made by
1010:", a collection of French
1006:, he was the hero of the "
996:, anonymous author of the
945:As the first ruler of the
738:
545:Godfrey with his brothers
455:
396:(reigned 1056–1105), then
265:Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri
3917:
3271:
3206:
3193:
3065:
3011:
3003:
2993:
2987:Duke of Lower Lotharingia
2984:
2976:
2966:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2385:Asbridge, Thomas (2012).
2047:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1782:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1698:
1674:
1660:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1629:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1583:
1581:
1569:
1543:
1536:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1172:A Spanish play entitled "
1055:Place Royale/Koningsplein
915:. Godfrey never married.
731:after the First Crusade.
274:He was the second son of
37:
2900:, ed. R. B. C. Huygens,
2672:Ibn al-Qalanisi (1932).
2536:Barker, Ernest (1911). "
2522:. Taylor & Francis.
2031:Duke Godfrey of Lorraine
1106:(the Greatest Belgian).
365:, a town in what is now
297:Along with his brothers
3993:Dukes of Lower Lorraine
2542:Encyclopædia Britannica
2393:Oxford University Press
1946:Butler & Burns 2000
1804:Eustace III of Boulogne
1187:Godfrey is depicted in
686:, Antioch was secured.
414:Investiture Controversy
385:and the German lands.
379:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
249:Godefridus Bullionensis
3998:French Roman Catholics
3880:Great Catholic Monarch
3391:Most Excellent Majesty
3367:Most Christian Majesty
3200:
2797:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2413:; Burns, Paul (2000).
1863:Geoffrey de Mandeville
1816:Baldwin I of Jerusalem
1678:Eustace II of Boulogne
1189:Georg Friedrich Händel
1046:
983:Baldwin I of Jerusalem
959:Raymond IV of Toulouse
935:
888:
766:
656:
634:
628:
554:
475:
406:Margraviate of Antwerp
288:Duke of Lower Lorraine
286:also confirmed him as
248:
240:
232:
224:
189:Eustace II of Boulogne
87:Duke of Lower Lorraine
81:(as King of Jerusalem)
3865:Defender of the Faith
3858:Divine right of kings
3609:Ducal Serene Highness
3431:Most Eminent Highness
3396:Most Gracious Majesty
3373:Most Faithful Majesty
3199:
2730:Murray, Alan (2000).
2625:Golb, Norman (1998).
2608:"Godfrey of Bouillon"
2557:Catholic Encyclopedia
2009:, in the province of
1889:Defenders of the West
1044:
926:
875:
748:
651:
625:
544:
465:
375:Godfrey the Hunchback
4018:Margraves of Antwerp
3692:Duli Yang Maha Mulia
3627:Illustrious Highness
3597:Grand Ducal Highness
3455:Illustrious Highness
3059:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2941:at Wikimedia Commons
2683:John, Simon (2018).
2600:10.3138/cjh.18.3.321
2516:John, Simon (2017).
2480:, Cambridge (1980),
2244:Ibn al-Qalanisi 1932
2133:, pp. 109–111;
1233:The Innocents Abroad
1110:Literature and music
981:, Bishop of Le Puy.
951:assizes of Jerusalem
947:Kingdom of Jerusalem
933:Hofkirche, Innsbruck
891:The Arab chronicler
783:original chroniclers
741:Kingdom of Jerusalem
735:Kingdom of Jerusalem
438:Waleran I of Limburg
319:capture of Jerusalem
257:Kingdom of Jerusalem
154:Kingdom of Jerusalem
18:Geoffrey de Bouillon
3853:By the Grace of God
3014:Margrave of Antwerp
2939:Godfrey of Bouillon
2872:Raymond of Aguilers
2862:Fulcher of Chartres
2719:Collegium Medievale
2686:Godfrey of Bouillon
2553:Godfrey of Bouillon
2538:Godfrey of Bouillon
2476:(abridged version:
2270:, pp. 155–165.
2258:, pp. 117–118.
2234:, pp. 321–329.
2222:, pp. 163–178.
2161:, pp. 128–130.
1810:Godfrey of Bouillon
1693:Albert III of Namur
1276:Godfrey I of Verdun
1178:Miguel de Cervantes
1166:Jerusalem Delivered
1155:Philip IV of France
1093:Le plus grand Belge
990:Raymond of Aguilers
975:Baldwin of Boulogne
963:Bohemond of Taranto
860:supporters, led by
751:Histoire d'Outremer
594:Rhineland massacres
528:Bohemond of Taranto
434:Albert III of Namur
355:Godfrey the Bearded
303:Baldwin of Boulogne
217:Godfrey of Bouillon
33:Godfrey of Bouillon
4008:Kings of Jerusalem
3988:Counts of Flanders
3903:Translatio imperii
3201:
1986:. pp. 70–73.
1657:Matilda of Tuscany
1241:Genealogical table
1214:Stephen R. Lawhead
1182:Philip II of Spain
1151:Chevalier au Cygne
1047:
1018:Knight of the Swan
979:Adhemar of Montiel
967:Robert of Flanders
936:
889:
767:
717:siege of Jerusalem
690:March on Jerusalem
657:
635:
602:Hugh of Vermandois
573:, then headed for
563:Alexios I Komnenos
555:
476:
430:Matilda of Tuscany
398:King of the Romans
292:Great Saxon Revolt
263:) under the title
138:County of Flanders
4013:Lords of Bouillon
4003:House of Boulogne
3930:
3929:
3783:
3782:
3775:Sultanic Highness
3673:
3672:
3648:
3647:
3585:Imperial Highness
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3385:Britannic Majesty
3356:Catholic Monarchs
3350:Apostolic Majesty
3231:
3230:
3157:John I of Brienne
3022:
3021:
2994:Succeeded by
2967:Succeeded by
2937:Media related to
2804:978-0-230-61544-1
2636:978-0-521-58032-8
2578:978-0-88125-541-6
2529:978-1-317-12630-0
2502:Murray, Alan V.,
2478:The First Crusade
2471:978-0-521-34770-9
2282:, pp. 80–81.
2210:, pp. 83–86.
2097:, pp. 94–95.
2085:, pp. 84–85.
2061:, pp. 92–93.
2013:, in the city of
1936:, pp. 61–62.
1921:, pp. 70–77.
1855:Marjorie Chibnall
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1204:The Blue Gonfalon
1081:The Da Vinci Code
1051:equestrian statue
1013:chansons de geste
806:Battle of Ascalon
520:Adhemar of Le Puy
508:army of Crusaders
442:Arnold I of Chiny
390:Holy Roman Empire
335:King of Jerusalem
214:
213:
209:Roman Catholicism
179:House of Flanders
16:(Redirected from
4025:
3755:Amir al-Mu'minin
3745:
3653:Specific culture
3650:
3569:
3512:
3505:
3472:Most Illustrious
3437:Exalted Highness
3379:Orthodox Majesty
3361:Catholic Majesty
3344:Imperial Majesty
3274:Forms of address
3258:
3251:
3244:
3235:
3221:
3220:
3182:John I of Cyprus
3048:
3041:
3034:
3025:
3004:Preceded by
2977:Preceded by
2945:
2936:
2922:
2890:. Leipzig, 1893.
2884:Ekkehard of Aura
2824:Albert of Aachen
2808:
2789:
2768:
2745:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2679:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2640:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2603:
2582:
2533:
2499:
2475:
2456:Runciman, Steven
2451:
2439:
2428:
2406:
2381:
2364:Asbridge, Thomas
2350:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2208:Riley-Smith 1979
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2002:
2000:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1884:
1867:
1852:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1103:De Grootste Belg
1070:pseudohistorical
971:Stephen of Blois
902:Ekkehard of Aura
853:Albert of Aachen
810:Dagobert of Pisa
676:Siege of Antioch
639:Bosporus Straits
633:
567:People's Crusade
488:Byzantine Empire
418:Rudolf of Swabia
410:Pope Gregory VII
359:Boulogne-sur-Mer
284:Emperor Henry IV
280:Lord of Bouillon
130:
53:
42:
30:
21:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3913:
3841:
3779:
3743:
3669:
3644:
3615:Serene Highness
3559:
3543:
3503:
3494:(The Much Hon.)
3482:Hochwohlgeboren
3449:Serene Highness
3314:
3288:
3267:
3262:
3232:
3227:
3215:
3202:
3191:
3061:
3052:
3017:
3009:
2999:
2990:
2982:
2972:
2963:
2929:
2911:
2894:William of Tyre
2842:. Oxford, 1967.
2835:Gesta Francorum
2820:
2818:Primary sources
2815:
2813:Further reading
2805:
2792:
2771:
2765:
2748:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2697:
2682:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2624:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2585:
2579:
2566:
2530:
2515:
2491:
2472:
2454:
2448:
2431:
2425:
2409:
2403:
2384:
2378:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2040:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1958:Andressohn 1947
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1934:Rubenstein 2008
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1671:Ida of Lorraine
1559:Pope Stephen IX
1243:
1221:, by Tom Tozer.
1129:Dante Alighieri
1121:segment of his
1112:
1089:French language
999:Gesta Francorum
940:William of Tyre
921:
893:Ibn al-Qalanisi
870:
849:William of Tyre
779:crown of thorns
763:British Library
755:William of Tyre
743:
737:
695:established at
692:
620:
460:
454:
432:, cousin Count
367:Walloon Brabant
343:
199:Ida of Lorraine
168:
148:
132:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3869:Fidei defensor
3862:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3825:United Kingdom
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3591:Royal Highness
3588:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Most Excellent
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3419:Royal Highness
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2948:Regnal titles
2943:
2942:
2928:
2927:External links
2925:
2924:
2923:
2909:
2891:
2881:
2869:
2859:
2851:Gesta Tancredi
2843:
2831:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2790:
2780:(125): 83–86.
2769:
2764:978-1108066228
2763:
2746:
2741:978-1900934039
2740:
2727:
2714:
2701:
2696:978-1472458964
2695:
2680:
2669:
2656:
2641:
2635:
2622:
2604:
2594:(3): 321–329.
2583:
2577:
2564:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2513:
2500:
2489:
2470:
2452:
2446:
2429:
2423:
2407:
2402:978-1849837705
2401:
2382:
2376:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2322:
2296:
2294:, p. 147.
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2186:, p. 321.
2176:
2163:
2151:
2149:, p. 118.
2139:
2137:, p. 201.
2123:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2038:
2007:French kingdom
1992:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1923:
1911:
1901:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1210:The Iron Lance
1207:
1198:
1185:
1170:
1161:Torquato Tasso
1158:
1136:
1111:
1108:
1098:Dutch speakers
1063:Eugène Simonis
920:
917:
869:
866:
862:Warner of Grez
793:, or king".
739:Main article:
736:
733:
725:Holy Sepulchre
691:
688:
669:Kilij Arslan I
619:
616:
559:Constantinople
456:Main article:
453:
450:
383:French kingdom
342:
339:
321:in 1099. When
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
163:
161:
157:
156:
145:
141:
140:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
83:
82:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4030:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3910:
3909:Victory title
3907:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3739:Son of Heaven
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:King of Kings
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:Pater Patriae
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3492:Much Honoured
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3401:Royal Majesty
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Nəgusä Nägäst
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3198:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2913:Comnena, Anna
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2846:Ralph of Caen
2844:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:History Today
2702:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2657:0-89870-843-5
2653:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2486:0-521-23255-4
2483:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2464:. Cambridge.
2463:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2447:0-521-64603-0
2443:
2440:. Cambridge.
2438:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2424:0-86012-253-0
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:Butler, Alban
2408:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2377:0-19-517823-8
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2349:, Figure 0.1.
2348:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2323:
2312:on 2016-03-04
2311:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2256:Asbridge 2004
2252:
2249:
2246:, p. 51.
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2198:, p. 18.
2197:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:Asbridge 2004
2180:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2159:Asbridge 2004
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:Asbridge 2004
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:Asbridge 2004
2127:
2124:
2121:, p. 95.
2120:
2119:Asbridge 2004
2115:
2112:
2109:, p. 84.
2108:
2107:Asbridge 2004
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:Asbridge 2004
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:Asbridge 2004
2079:
2076:
2073:, p. 90.
2072:
2071:Asbridge 2004
2067:
2064:
2060:
2059:Asbridge 2004
2055:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1993:9781258149093
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1960:, p. 95.
1959:
1954:
1951:
1948:, p. 93.
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1902:9781642938203
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1817:
1805:
1787:
1784:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1742:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1457:
1455:
1443:
1441:
1428:
1426:
1403:
1396:
1378:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1306:
1304:
1277:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Pierre Desrey
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1124:Divine Comedy
1120:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:Crusade cycle
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:Albert of Aix
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Nine Worthies
952:
948:
943:
941:
938:According to
934:
930:
925:
918:
916:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
898:Albert of Aix
894:
886:
882:
878:
874:
867:
865:
863:
858:
857:Ralph of Caen
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
742:
734:
732:
730:
726:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
655:
650:
646:
644:
640:
632:
631:
624:
617:
615:
612:
608:
603:
597:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
552:
548:
543:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:Seljuk Empire
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:Pope Urban II
473:
469:
464:
459:
458:First Crusade
452:First Crusade
451:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:that in 1076
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:First Crusade
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
207:
203:
200:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
146:
142:
139:
135:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
49:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3943:1060s births
3901:
3874:
3868:
3516:Ancient Rome
3072:
3069:
3012:
2985:
2958:
2953:
2917:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2826:(fl. 1100),
2794:
2777:
2773:
2750:
2731:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2705:
2685:
2674:
2661:. Retrieved
2646:
2626:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:
2591:
2587:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2518:
2512:70 (2), 1992
2507:
2494:
2477:
2460:
2435:
2414:
2387:
2367:
2342:
2332:
2325:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:the original
2299:
2292:Holböck 2002
2287:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2023:Lord Eustace
2004:
1997:. Retrieved
1975:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1914:
1906:
1888:
1882:
1858:
1850:
1231:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1192:
1173:
1164:
1150:
1142:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1048:
1032:
1025:
1011:
997:
987:
944:
937:
910:
890:
818:
795:
790:
786:
768:
758:
750:
721:
693:
673:
658:
636:
607:Seljuk Turks
598:
587:
583:Adriatic Sea
556:
524:papal legate
486:and aid the
477:
446:
426:
387:
344:
296:
273:
264:
260:
216:
215:
45:
3953:1100 deaths
3948:1060 births
3897:Sacred king
3805:Netherlands
3581:(HI&RH)
3572:Middle Ages
3487:Wohlgeboren
3477:Hochgeboren
3425:Monseigneur
3335:(HI&RM)
3223:Catholicism
3211:Family tree
3162:Isabella II
3102:Baldwin III
2896:(d. 1186),
2712:(5): 72–83.
2268:Murray 2000
2232:France 1983
2220:Murray 1990
2196:Porter 2013
2019:English Sea
1919:Murray 2000
581:across the
412:during the
299:Eustace III
167:, Jerusalem
101:Predecessor
3937:Categories
3697:Great king
3639:Excellency
3500:(Millourt)
3461:Excellency
3172:Conrad III
3132:Isabella I
3112:Baldwin IV
3087:Baldwin II
3018:1076–1100
3007:Godfrey IV
2991:1087–1100
2964:1099–1100
2725:: 163–178.
2617:2014-05-18
2370:. Oxford.
2316:2015-12-22
1874:References
1228:Mark Twain
1184:(1556–98).
341:Early life
3788:Countries
3508:Antiquity
3167:Conrad II
3117:Baldwin V
3092:Melisende
3082:Baldwin I
2980:Conrad II
2970:Baldwin I
2954:New title
2347:John 2017
2280:John 2022
2135:John 2017
1980:Milwaukee
1565:Regelinda
1191:'s opera
1027:Lohengrin
665:Dorylaeum
661:Dorylaeum
611:Holy Land
571:Rhineland
512:Holy Land
484:Jerusalem
472:Jerusalem
311:Dorylaeum
241:Gottfried
150:Jerusalem
111:Successor
96:1089–1096
79:Baldwin I
75:Successor
3846:See also
3835:Scotland
3810:Portugal
3719:Maharaja
3687:Baghatur
3629:(HIll.H)
3621:Serenity
3603:Highness
3534:Sebastos
3529:Augustus
3457:(HIll.H)
3443:Highness
3328:Holiness
3286:nobility
3187:Henry II
3137:Conrad I
3055:Monarchs
2915:(1928).
2898:Historia
2458:(1951).
2366:(2004).
2015:Boulogne
1893:New York
1147:Crusades
1118:Paradiso
1059:Brussels
1022:Wagner's
906:Caesarea
877:Cenotaph
837:Caesarea
798:Fatimids
787:princeps
729:Muristan
705:Fatimids
684:Kerbogha
579:Brindisi
478:In 1095
424:itself.
404:and the
402:Bouillon
394:Henry IV
327:Fatimids
261:princeps
233:Godfried
225:Godefroy
205:Religion
134:Boulogne
3800:Georgia
3748:Islamic
3548:Georgia
3539:Dominus
3407:Majesty
3320:Western
3310:Pharaoh
3282:royalty
3142:Henry I
3122:Sibylla
3107:Amalric
3070:Godfrey
3057:of the
2918:Alexiad
2357:Sources
2049:(1909).
2017:by the
1999:18 July
1236:(1869).
1194:Rinaldo
1115:In the
1036:Cilicia
1004:fiction
931:in the
913:typhoid
885:woodcut
843:of the
841:fiefdom
825:Ascalon
761:, in a
701:Tancred
682:led by
575:Hungary
551:Baldwin
547:Eustace
371:Belgium
331:Ascalon
315:Antioch
115:Henry I
3830:Canada
3820:Sweden
3815:Serbia
3795:France
3770:Sharif
3765:Hadrat
3734:Shogun
3724:Mikado
3707:Khagan
3665:Senhor
3611:(HDSH)
3599:(HGDH)
3498:Milord
3433:(HMEH)
3427:(Msgr)
3369:(HMCM)
3293:Africa
3284:, and
3177:Hugh I
3147:Aimery
2801:
2761:
2738:
2693:
2654:
2633:
2575:
2555:". In
2526:
2484:
2468:
2444:
2421:
2399:
2374:
2174:(2013)
2172:Viator
1990:
1899:
1133:Roland
1024:opera
919:Legacy
835:, and
812:, the
697:Edessa
643:Nicaea
532:Norman
522:, the
504:Verdun
313:, and
307:Nicaea
237:German
221:French
195:Mother
185:Father
160:Burial
105:Conrad
3679:Asian
3633:Grace
3617:(HSH)
3593:(HRH)
3587:(HIH)
3451:(HSH)
3439:(HEH)
3421:(HRH)
3413:Grace
3403:(HRM)
3387:(HBM)
3381:(HOM)
3375:(HFM)
3363:(HCM)
3352:(HAM)
3346:(HIM)
3305:Nkosi
3278:popes
2997:Henry
2663:4 May
2034:Duke.
2011:Reims
1842:Notes
1002:. In
868:Death
833:Jaffa
829:Arsuf
802:Egypt
713:Egypt
709:Cairo
680:Mosul
590:Rouen
500:Liège
363:Baisy
267:, or
245:Latin
229:Dutch
174:House
93:Reign
67:Reign
3729:Shah
3702:Khan
3641:(HE)
3635:(HG)
3623:(HS)
3605:(HH)
3555:Mepe
3463:(HE)
3445:(HH)
3415:(HG)
3409:(HM)
3276:for
3152:Mary
3097:Fulk
3073:(as
2799:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2736:ISBN
2691:ISBN
2665:2020
2652:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2573:ISBN
2524:ISBN
2482:ISBN
2466:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2001:2023
1988:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1546:Doda
1078:and
992:and
973:and
900:and
855:and
845:pope
821:Acre
549:and
530:, a
502:and
492:1071
440:and
422:Rome
349:and
301:and
144:Died
131:1060
125:Born
54:1330
3660:Don
3127:Guy
2782:doi
2596:doi
2546:12.
2027:Ida
1230:'s
1212:by
1141:'s
1100:in
1057:in
800:of
791:rex
753:by
596:.
470:in
351:Ida
329:at
3939::
3280:,
2874:,
2848:,
2778:52
2776:.
2757:.
2753:.
2721:.
2710:72
2708:.
2610:.
2592:18
2590:.
2559:.
2544:.
2506:,
2395:.
2391:.
2003:.
1982::
1978:.
1974:.
1926:^
1905:.
1891:.
1127:,
1084:.
1030:.
969:,
965:,
961:,
831:,
827:,
823:,
719:.
711:,
538:.
444:.
369:,
337:.
309:,
294:.
271:.
247::
243:;
239::
235:;
231::
227:;
223::
152:,
136:,
129:c.
52:c.
3871:)
3867:(
3257:e
3250:t
3243:v
3077:)
3047:e
3040:t
3033:v
2807:.
2788:.
2784::
2767:.
2744:.
2723:3
2699:.
2667:.
2639:.
2620:.
2602:.
2598::
2581:.
2561:6
2532:.
2488:)
2474:.
2450:.
2427:.
2405:.
2380:.
2319:.
1857:(
1169:.
887:)
759:S
219:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
