53:
103:
63:
1038:
1695:
188:
north, which have elevations of 380 and 430 m (1,247 and 1,411 ft), respectively. Elevations in the Lesser
Caucasus vary between 2,640 and 3,280 m (8,661 and 10,761 ft). To the southwest of the range is the Armenian Plateau, which slopes southwestward toward the Araks River on the Turkish border. The plateau is masked by intermediate mountain ranges and extinct volcanoes. The largest of these,
45:
19:
254:
77:
29:
111:
602:
187:
About half of
Armenia's area of approximately 29,800 km (11,505.8 sq mi) has an elevation of at least 2,000 m (6,562 ft), and only 3% of the country lies below 650 m (2,133 ft). The lowest points are in the valleys of the Araks River and the Debet River in the far
215:
is by far the largest lake at 72.5 km (45 mi) across at its widest point and 376 km (233.6 mi) long. It lies 2,070 m (6,791 ft) above sea level on the plateau.
192:, 4,095 meters (13,435 ft) high, is also the highest point in Armenia. Most of the population lives in the western and northwestern parts of the country, where the two major cities,
679:
1532:
1236:
635:
739:
586:
88:
52:
1577:
672:
620:
1329:
1108:
980:
759:
1685:
1637:
1279:
1264:
798:
769:
267:
1715:
990:
1025:
893:
888:
665:
1309:
578:
182:
1437:
1359:
1206:
853:
166:
1647:
1216:
1221:
1153:
965:
1389:
935:
883:
863:
838:
724:
462:
102:
289:
1490:
1485:
1148:
1005:
903:
858:
504:
392:
219:
173:(then called Leninakan), was heavily damaged by a massive quake that killed more than 25,000 people.
1632:
1587:
1562:
1519:
1384:
1319:
1289:
1181:
1093:
1073:
1015:
1010:
995:
950:
945:
920:
908:
786:
744:
696:
378:
208:
1657:
1537:
1379:
1191:
1186:
1118:
1083:
985:
975:
925:
873:
823:
818:
813:
803:
781:
776:
764:
749:
734:
729:
719:
709:
704:
614:
514:
499:
281:
243:
204:
297:
1617:
1470:
1274:
1020:
970:
960:
940:
930:
915:
898:
878:
848:
843:
832:
808:
793:
754:
688:
592:
582:
509:
476:
434:
420:
406:
317:
305:
66:
1505:
1652:
1500:
1417:
1314:
1163:
1138:
1133:
1113:
1103:
1078:
1046:
1000:
955:
868:
828:
364:
131:
127:
22:
1627:
639:
1527:
1422:
1369:
1334:
1299:
1158:
1143:
1128:
1098:
1063:
1037:
448:
247:
146:
62:
1699:
1582:
1572:
1557:
1427:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1339:
1254:
1231:
1173:
1123:
1088:
1068:
211:
as they pass through mountain areas form the chief routes into
Armenia from the north.
1709:
1672:
1612:
1597:
1567:
1542:
1442:
1432:
1349:
1304:
1246:
1211:
606:
331:
277:
189:
1694:
1662:
1495:
1354:
1259:
1196:
323:
285:
218:
Armenia's terrain is most rugged in the extreme southeast, which is drained by the
80:
44:
1642:
1452:
1447:
1374:
1344:
327:
301:
223:
70:
56:
18:
253:
1622:
1602:
1324:
339:
212:
150:
135:
76:
153:
and
Azerbaijan, then passes roughly along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border to
1547:
1364:
1269:
596:
273:
234:, which flow from Lake Sevan. The Araks forms most of Armenia's border with
28:
165:
Geological turmoil continues in the form of devastating earthquakes. In a
157:. Thus situated, the mountains make travel from north to south difficult.
1552:
1475:
467:
200:(previously called Aleksandropol during the Soviet period), are located.
84:
1667:
1607:
1592:
1480:
1462:
1226:
1055:
481:
453:
439:
425:
411:
397:
383:
369:
231:
193:
139:
110:
37:
572:
335:
235:
197:
170:
96:
92:
657:
226:
valley to the extreme southwest. Most of
Armenia is drained by the
293:
252:
227:
115:
109:
101:
75:
61:
51:
43:
27:
17:
605:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1201:
239:
154:
33:
661:
149:
range extends through northern
Armenia, runs southeast between
250:
and
Azerbaijan's adjacent Nakhchivan autonomous region.
574:
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and
Georgia : country studies
1683:
1518:
1461:
1398:
1288:
1245:
1172:
1054:
1045:
695:
636:"Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database"
634:Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database.
126:was shaped by geological upheaval pushed up the
134:25 million years ago. This created the complex
673:
8:
246:form the border between Armenia's southern
169:, the second largest city in the republic,
1051:
680:
666:
658:
349:
1690:
526:
358:
87:in Armenia. From the collection of the
612:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
272:Volcanic mountains in Armenia include
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
7:
577:(1st ed.). Washington, D.C.:
14:
89:Vernadsky State Geological Museum
1693:
1036:
600:
304:contain columnar igneous rocks (
106:Lava in Gutanasar mountain range
1:
1330:European Cenozoic Rift System
268:List of volcanoes in Armenia
1520:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
118:" rock formation in Armenia
1732:
619:: CS1 maint: postscript (
315:
265:
180:
1034:
579:Federal Research Division
571:Curtis, Glenn E. (1995).
322:Mines in Armenia include
222:and most moderate in the
183:Extreme points of Armenia
1438:Jan Mayen Microcontinent
167:December 1988 earthquake
83:ore from the deposit at
1380:Peri-Caspian Depression
1109:Hallandian-Danopolonian
1222:Scandinavian Mountains
740:Bosnia and Herzegovina
258:
230:or its tributary, the
119:
107:
99:
73:
59:
49:
41:
25:
1390:White Sea Rift System
463:Karabaglyar Formation
256:
113:
105:
79:
65:
55:
48:Topography of Armenia
47:
31:
21:
1496:Fennoscandian Craton
1491:East European Craton
505:Geography of Armenia
393:Arpinskaya Formation
1385:Timan-Pechora Basin
1320:Dnieper–Donets Rift
1237:Western Carpathians
379:Ali Bashi Formation
353:Group or Formation
203:The valleys of the
1716:Geology of Armenia
1538:Calanques de Piana
1292:basins and grabens
515:Regions of Armenia
500:Climate of Armenia
262:Volcanic mountains
259:
248:province of Syunik
244:Zangezur Mountains
124:geology of Armenia
120:
108:
100:
74:
60:
50:
42:
26:
1681:
1680:
1618:Monte San Giorgio
1514:
1513:
1471:Armorican terrane
1275:Mediterranean Sea
689:Geology of Europe
510:Geology of Europe
489:
488:
477:Khachik Formation
435:Gundara Formation
421:Gnishik Formation
407:Dzhulfa Formation
318:Mining in Armenia
306:Columnar jointing
67:Columnar jointing
1723:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1578:Jungfrau-Aletsch
1563:Giant's Causeway
1501:Sarmatian Craton
1418:Aegean Sea Plate
1315:Central Lowlands
1310:Baltic Sea Basin
1290:Intracontinental
1052:
1047:Geologic regions
1040:
991:Northern Ireland
682:
675:
668:
659:
652:
651:
649:
647:
642:on 25 March 2022
638:. Archived from
631:
625:
624:
618:
610:
604:
603:
568:
365:Akhura Formation
350:
290:Mount of Armenia
257:Armenian terrain
132:Armenian Plateau
23:Gegham mountains
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1528:Aeolian Islands
1510:
1457:
1423:Anatolian Plate
1405:microcontinents
1403:
1400:Tectonic plates
1394:
1370:Pannonian Basin
1360:North Sea Basin
1335:Hellenic Trench
1300:Aquitaine Basin
1291:
1284:
1241:
1174:Mountain ranges
1168:
1041:
1032:
894:North Macedonia
691:
686:
656:
655:
645:
643:
633:
632:
628:
611:
601:
589:
570:
569:
528:
523:
496:
449:Julfa Formation
348:
320:
314:
270:
264:
220:Bargushat River
185:
179:
163:
147:Lesser Caucasus
12:
11:
5:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:Jurassic Coast
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1558:Geirangerfjord
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Eurasian Plate
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:Adriatic Plate
1409:
1407:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:Limagne Graben
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:Atlantic Ocean
1251:
1249:
1247:Oceanic basins
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:Massif Central
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:Sveconorwegian
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
981:United Kingdom
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
906:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
790:
789:
779:
774:
773:
772:
762:
760:Czech Republic
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
699:
693:
692:
687:
685:
684:
677:
670:
662:
654:
653:
626:
587:
581:. p. 25.
525:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
495:
492:
487:
486:
484:
479:
473:
472:
470:
465:
459:
458:
456:
451:
445:
444:
442:
437:
431:
430:
428:
423:
417:
416:
414:
409:
403:
402:
400:
395:
389:
388:
386:
381:
375:
374:
372:
367:
361:
360:
357:
354:
347:
344:
332:open pit mines
316:Main article:
313:
310:
266:Main article:
263:
260:
178:
175:
162:
159:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1728:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Monte Perdido
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Curonian Spit
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Moesian Plate
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Iberian Plate
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Molasse Basin
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Barents Basin
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1280:Norwegian Sea
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Bay of Biscay
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:Ore Mountains
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:Liechtenstein
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
834:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
788:
787:Ă…land Islands
785:
784:
783:
780:
778:
775:
771:
770:Faroe Islands
768:
767:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
698:
694:
690:
683:
678:
676:
671:
669:
664:
663:
660:
641:
637:
630:
627:
622:
616:
608:
607:public domain
598:
594:
590:
588:0-8444-0848-4
584:
580:
576:
575:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
527:
520:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
355:
352:
351:
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:Mount Aragats
275:
269:
261:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
209:Akstafa River
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:Mount Aragats
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:Earth's crust
125:
117:
112:
104:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
68:
64:
58:
54:
46:
40:("Cave City")
39:
35:
30:
24:
20:
16:
1663:Stevns Klint
1506:Volgo–Uralia
1355:Moscow Basin
1260:Arctic Ocean
1197:Dinaric Alps
1149:Svecofennian
714:
644:. Retrieved
640:the original
629:
573:
490:
324:Kajaran Mine
321:
286:Ghegam Ridge
271:
242:, while the
217:
202:
186:
164:
144:
130:to form the
123:
121:
81:Chalcopyrite
15:
1673:Thingvellir
1643:Rhine Gorge
1453:Tisza Plate
1448:Pelso Plate
1375:Paris Basin
1345:Mezen Basin
1094:Dalslandian
1026:Isle of Man
966:Switzerland
889:Netherlands
646:17 December
330:. Both are
328:Teghut Mine
302:Garni Gorge
224:Araks River
205:Debet River
161:Earthquakes
71:Garni Gorge
57:Garni Gorge
1628:Nærøyfjord
1623:Mount Etna
1603:Messel Pit
1573:High Coast
1325:Ebro Basin
1119:Laxfordian
1089:Carpathian
1084:Caledonian
1074:Belomorian
936:San Marino
884:Montenegro
864:Luxembourg
839:Kazakhstan
725:Azerbaijan
521:References
340:molybdenum
298:Arpi Gorge
213:Lake Sevan
181:See also:
151:Lake Sevan
136:topography
1548:Dolomites
1365:Oslo Rift
1270:Black Sea
1187:Apennines
1006:Gibraltar
904:Jan Mayen
859:Lithuania
697:Countries
615:cite book
274:Mount Ara
32:Caves of
1710:Category
1658:St Kilda
1648:Scandola
1638:Plitvice
1553:Durmitor
1533:Aggtelek
1486:Cimmeria
1476:Avalonia
1463:Terranes
1217:Pyrenees
1192:Caucasus
1164:Variscan
1144:Timanide
1139:Scourian
1134:Scandian
1114:Hellenic
1104:Grampian
1079:Cadomian
1016:Guernsey
1011:Alderney
996:Scotland
951:Slovenia
946:Slovakia
921:Portugal
909:Svalbard
745:Bulgaria
597:31709972
494:See also
468:Triassic
282:Azhdahak
85:Shamlugh
1700:Geology
1668:Surtsey
1653:Ĺ kocjan
1608:Meteora
1598:Laponia
1593:Kvarken
1481:Baltica
1227:Sudetes
1159:Uralian
1129:Saamian
1099:Gothian
1064:Acadian
1056:Orogens
986:England
976:Ukraine
926:Romania
874:Moldova
824:Ireland
819:Iceland
814:Hungary
804:Germany
799:Georgia
782:Finland
777:Estonia
765:Denmark
750:Croatia
735:Belgium
730:Belarus
720:Austria
715:Armenia
710:Andorra
705:Albania
482:Permian
454:Permian
440:Permian
426:Permian
412:Permian
398:Permian
384:Permian
370:Permian
356:Period
346:Fossils
232:Hrazdan
194:Yerevan
177:Terrain
140:Armenia
38:Armenia
1686:Portal
1568:Glarus
1124:Lopian
1069:Alpine
1021:Jersey
971:Turkey
961:Sweden
941:Serbia
931:Russia
916:Poland
899:Norway
879:Monaco
849:Latvia
844:Kosovo
833:Sicily
809:Greece
794:France
755:Cyprus
595:
585:
359:Notes
336:copper
312:Mining
236:Turkey
198:Gyumri
171:Gyumri
97:Russia
93:Moscow
1633:Pirin
1232:Urals
1001:Wales
956:Spain
869:Malta
829:Italy
294:Porak
228:Araks
116:Goris
114:"Old
1588:Komi
1202:Harz
1182:Alps
648:2021
621:link
593:OCLC
583:ISBN
338:and
334:for
326:and
300:and
240:Iran
238:and
207:and
196:and
155:Iran
145:The
122:The
34:Tegh
1402:and
308:).
138:of
91:in
69:at
1712::
617:}}
613:{{
599:.
591:.
529:^
342:.
296:.
292:.
288:,
284:,
280:,
276:,
142:.
95:,
36:,
1688::
835:)
831:(
681:e
674:t
667:v
650:.
623:)
609:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
