1327:
951:
773:
557:
837:
995:
20:
1049:
187:
some months prior. This furthered the rift with the USPD, but enabled an SPD–DDP coalition in
October 1919, with Gradnauer continuing as Minister-President at the head of the now-majority government. Left-wing resentment within the SPD began to build in early 1920, however, and Gradnauer was forced
188:
to resign in April 1920, with opposition to his use of the military against the radical left being joined by discontent over his unwillingness to replace conservative elements of the bureaucracy with Social
Democrats. He was succeeded as Minister-President by
156:, on February 2, 1919, and Gradnauer ended up forming a minority government, becoming Saxony's first constitutional Minister-President on March 14. His minority government was formed after an attempt to form a coalition with the
1399:
1374:
753:
430:
1389:
1394:
1364:
145:
1205:
1326:
746:
423:
196:
195:
After resigning as
Minister-President, Gradnauer was reelected to the Reichstag, serving from 1920 to 1924, and briefly (1921) holding a cabinet post as
1414:
1404:
152:
as
Minister of the Interior and chair of the provisional government. The SPD won a plurality of the votes in the first Saxon elections under the
1384:
1379:
739:
416:
439:
39:
160:(USPD) foundered over the USPD's demand for recognition of workers' councils, and Gradnauer's preferred alternative, a coalition with the
1359:
565:
1262:
1244:
35:
1409:
1369:
1198:
762:
399:
376:
211:
215:
250:
521:
652:
148:, Gradnauer initially served as Minister of Justice in the new republican government of Saxony in 1918, and soon succeeded
804:
486:
1191:
799:
794:
391:
556:
116:, until 1905, when they were ousted in favor of editors from the SPD's left wing. Gradnauer then returned to head the
667:
536:
466:
471:
1075:
506:
491:
133:
531:
516:
1278:
809:
511:
258:
161:
476:
70:
1234:
1095:
541:
526:
481:
1290:
1036:
501:
461:
109:
1183:
1155:
1145:
167:
Gradnauer served as
Minister-President for a little over a year. In May 1919, he used the military and
789:
1354:
1349:
1150:
1140:
1120:
1115:
1214:
824:
496:
184:
75:
913:
720:
90:
1080:
1110:
715:
676:
657:
628:
447:
395:
372:
129:
43:
1295:
1315:
1065:
1026:
982:
972:
933:
888:
868:
574:
368:
149:
86:
85:, in 1891. A relative moderate within the Saxon SPD, he was replaced as editor by radicals
34:(16 November 1866 – 18 November 1946) was a German newspaper editor and politician for the
1303:
1268:
1250:
1130:
1100:
928:
853:
842:
814:
705:
633:
618:
589:
180:
157:
153:
908:
878:
203:. He also served as delegate of the Saxon state government to Berlin from 1921 to 1932.
1309:
1274:
1160:
1125:
1031:
1011:
898:
710:
365:
Revolution from the Right: Politics, Class, and the Rise of Nazism in Saxony, 1919–1933
1343:
1085:
967:
918:
858:
778:
681:
613:
608:
546:
179:, in a small-scale reprise of the actions taken by the SPD national government under
1284:
1240:
1226:
1165:
1105:
1000:
977:
956:
938:
923:
903:
883:
863:
643:
603:
200:
189:
132:
in 1918. In parallel with this newspaper work, he served as an SPD delegate to the
1135:
1090:
1070:
1016:
893:
819:
731:
408:
113:
100:
1021:
19:
623:
170:
106:
55:
388:
Jews and the German State: The
Political History of a Minority, 1848–1933
210:
in 1933, but released. Being of Jewish origin, he was eventually sent to
1054:
696:
176:
214:
in 1944, but survived and was liberated in 1945. Gradnaur joined the
94:
82:
207:
18:
1187:
735:
412:
59:
255:
294:
292:
279:
277:
275:
164:(DDP), was rejected by the majority of SPD delegates.
128:, and remained in that role until the outbreak of the
1045:
991:
947:
833:
769:
695:
666:
642:
588:
564:
446:
93:in 1896. Gradnauer subsequently moved to the SPD's
136:, in two stints: 1898 to 1907, and 1912 to 1918.
1400:Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
218:in 1946 and died a few months later in Berlin.
1375:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
1390:Members of the Reichstag of the German Empire
1199:
747:
424:
8:
168:
123:
117:
98:
63:
1206:
1192:
1184:
754:
740:
732:
431:
417:
409:
105:, where he worked from 1897 with fellow
1395:Members of the Weimar National Assembly
1365:Politicians from the Province of Saxony
245:
243:
241:
239:
237:
235:
233:
231:
227:
298:
283:
7:
346:
334:
322:
310:
144:After taking an active role in the
175:to put down left-wing radicals in
62:in 1889, and became editor of the
36:Social Democratic Party of Germany
14:
212:Theresienstadt concentration camp
206:He was initially arrested by the
1325:
1217:– 10 May 1921 to 22 October 1921
1047:
993:
949:
835:
771:
555:
1415:German male non-fiction writers
1405:Theresienstadt Ghetto survivors
1:
1385:Minister-presidents of Saxony
1380:Interior ministers of Germany
805:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
763:Interior Ministers of Germany
487:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust
467:Julius Traugott von Könneritz
440:Minister-presidents of Saxony
122:once more, meanwhile renamed
38:(SPD), and the first elected
24:
16:German politician (1866–1946)
800:Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner
795:Karl Heinrich von Boetticher
522:Karl von Metzsch-Reichenbach
392:Wayne State University Press
40:Minister-President of Saxony
1055:Federal Republic of Germany
697:Federal Republic of Germany
668:Soviet administration / DDR
146:German Revolution in Saxony
1431:
1360:Politicians from Magdeburg
1001:German Democratic Republic
119:Sächsische Arbeiterzeitung
65:Sächsische Arbeiterzeitung
50:Education and early career
1323:
1222:
1174:
553:
532:Victor Alexander von Otto
42:following the end of the
1410:German newspaper editors
1370:19th-century German Jews
492:Freiherr von Falkenstein
457:office established 1831
197:Minister of the Interior
687:state abolished 1952–90
517:Heinrich Rudolf Schurig
363:Lapp, Benjamin (1997).
259:German Federal Archives
162:German Democratic Party
1096:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
653:Freiherr von Killinger
512:Julius Hans von Tümmel
386:Pulzer, Peter (2003).
169:
140:Later political career
124:
118:
99:
64:
28:
1037:Peter-Michael Diestel
477:Gustav Friedrich Held
462:Bernhard von Lindenau
216:Socialist Unity Party
125:Dresdner Volkszeitung
71:Dresdner Volkszeitung
58:, Gradnauer earned a
22:
1151:Hans-Peter Friedrich
1116:Friedrich Zimmermann
810:Clemens von Delbrück
566:Revolutionary period
542:Heinrich Gustav Beck
527:Konrad Wilhelm Rüger
497:Freiherr von Friesen
183:in putting down the
81:), the SPD paper in
1215:First Wirth cabinet
537:Freiherr von Hausen
482:Ferdinand Zschinsky
185:Spartacist uprising
1291:Johannes Giesberts
1156:Thomas de Maizière
1146:Thomas de Maizière
914:Walter von Keudell
721:Michael Kretschmer
337:, pp. 46, 58.
251:"Gradnauer, Georg"
110:Friedrich Stampfer
91:Julian Marchlewski
29:
1334:
1333:
1181:
1180:
1141:Wolfgang Schäuble
1121:Wolfgang Schäuble
729:
728:
716:Stanislaw Tillich
677:Rudolf Friedrichs
658:Martin Mutschmann
448:Kingdom of Saxony
313:, pp. 28–29.
130:German Revolution
1422:
1329:
1316:Walther Rathenau
1299:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1076:Gerhard Schröder
1066:Gustav Heinemann
1059:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1027:Friedrich Dickel
1005:
999:
997:
996:
983:Wilhelm Stuckart
973:Heinrich Himmler
961:
955:
953:
952:
934:Wilhelm von Gayl
889:Wilhelm Sollmann
869:Erich Koch-Weser
847:
841:
839:
838:
783:
777:
775:
774:
756:
749:
742:
733:
575:Richard Lipinski
559:
502:Graf von Fabrice
433:
426:
419:
410:
405:
382:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
296:
287:
281:
270:
269:
267:
265:
247:
174:
150:Richard Lipinski
127:
121:
104:
87:Alexander Parvus
79:
67:
26:
23:Georg Gradnauer
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1321:
1304:Wilhelm Groener
1293:
1269:Heinrich Brauns
1257:Georg Gradnauer
1251:Friedrich Rosen
1218:
1212:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1131:Manfred Kanther
1101:Werner Maihofer
1081:Hermann Höcherl
1058:(1949–present)
1057:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1003:
994:
992:
987:
959:
950:
948:
943:
929:Wilhelm Groener
874:Georg Gradnauer
854:Friedrich Ebert
845:
843:Weimar Republic
836:
834:
829:
815:Karl Helfferich
781:
772:
770:
765:
760:
730:
725:
706:Kurt Biedenkopf
691:
662:
638:
634:Walther Schieck
619:Alfred Fellisch
599:Georg Gradnauer
584:
580:Georg Gradnauer
560:
551:
507:Karl von Gerber
442:
437:
402:
385:
379:
362:
359:
354:
353:
345:
341:
333:
329:
321:
317:
309:
305:
297:
290:
282:
273:
263:
261:
249:
248:
229:
224:
181:Friedrich Ebert
158:Independent SPD
154:Weimar Republic
142:
73:
52:
32:Georg Gradnauer
17:
12:
11:
5:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1310:Andreas Hermes
1307:
1301:
1288:
1282:
1275:Eugen Schiffer
1272:
1266:
1263:Robert Schmidt
1260:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:Horst Seehofer
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Rudolf Seiters
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:Jürgen Schmude
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1032:Lothar Ahrendt
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Karl Steinhoff
1008:
1006:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Martin Schiele
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
850:
848:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
786:
784:
767:
766:
761:
759:
758:
751:
744:
736:
727:
726:
724:
723:
718:
713:
711:Georg Milbradt
708:
702:
700:
693:
692:
690:
689:
684:
679:
673:
671:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
649:
647:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
629:Wilhelm Bünger
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
595:
593:
586:
585:
583:
582:
577:
571:
569:
562:
561:
554:
552:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
453:
451:
444:
443:
438:
436:
435:
428:
421:
413:
407:
406:
400:
383:
377:
358:
355:
352:
351:
339:
327:
315:
303:
301:, p. 209.
288:
286:, p. 158.
271:
226:
225:
223:
220:
141:
138:
51:
48:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:Reichskanzler
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1002:
990:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Wilhelm Frick
966:
965:
963:
958:
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:Carl Severing
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
844:
832:
826:
825:Karl Trimborn
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
785:
780:
779:German Empire
768:
764:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
738:
737:
734:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
698:
694:
688:
685:
683:
682:Max Seydewitz
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
669:
665:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
648:
645:
641:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
614:Rudolf Heinze
612:
610:
609:Erich Zeigner
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
594:
591:
590:Weimar period
587:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
570:
567:
563:
558:
548:
547:Rudolf Heinze
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
452:
449:
445:
441:
434:
429:
427:
422:
420:
415:
414:
411:
403:
401:0-8143-3130-0
397:
393:
389:
384:
380:
378:0-391-04027-8
374:
370:
366:
361:
360:
356:
349:, p. 46.
348:
343:
340:
336:
331:
328:
325:, p. 36.
324:
319:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
276:
272:
260:
256:
252:
246:
244:
242:
240:
238:
236:
234:
232:
228:
221:
219:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
193:
191:
186:
182:
178:
173:
172:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
137:
135:
131:
126:
120:
115:
111:
108:
103:
102:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
72:
66:
61:
57:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
21:
1336:
1285:Otto Gessler
1256:
1241:Gustav Bauer
1230:
1227:Joseph Wirth
1176:East Germany
1166:Nancy Faeser
1106:Gerhart Baum
978:Paul Giesler
957:Nazi Germany
939:Franz Bracht
924:Joseph Wirth
909:Wilhelm Külz
884:Rudolf Oeser
879:Adolf Köster
873:
864:Eduard David
790:Karl Hofmann
782:(1871–1918)
699:(since 1990)
686:
604:Wilhelm Buck
598:
579:
456:
387:
364:
342:
330:
318:
306:
262:. Retrieved
254:
205:
201:Joseph Wirth
194:
190:Wilhelm Buck
166:
143:
69:
53:
31:
30:
1355:1946 deaths
1350:1866 births
1294: [
1136:Otto Schily
1091:Ernst Benda
1071:Robert Lehr
1017:Willi Stoph
904:Otto Geßler
894:Karl Jarres
820:Max Wallraf
644:Nazi period
450:(1806–1918)
299:Pulzer 2003
284:Pulzer 2003
114:Kurt Eisner
74: [
1344:Categories
1086:Paul Lücke
1022:Karl Maron
1004:(1949–90)
960:(1933–45)
859:Hugo Preuß
846:(1918–33)
472:Karl Braun
222:References
107:reformists
1312:(Zentrum)
1300:(Zentrum)
1271:(Zentrum)
1243:(Deputy,
670:(1945–90)
646:(1933–45)
624:Max Heldt
592:(1919–33)
568:(1918–19)
347:Lapp 1997
335:Lapp 1997
323:Lapp 1997
311:Lapp 1997
171:Freikorps
134:Reichstag
56:Magdeburg
101:Vorwärts
54:Born in
44:monarchy
1235:Zentrum
357:Sources
177:Leipzig
97:paper,
68:(later
1052:
998:
954:
840:
776:
398:
375:
264:23 May
199:under
95:Berlin
83:Saxony
1318:(DDP)
1298:]
1287:(DDP)
1265:(SPD)
1259:(SPD)
369:BRILL
208:Nazis
78:]
396:ISBN
373:ISBN
266:2010
112:and
89:and
27:1931
1306:(-)
1279:DDP
1253:(-)
1245:SPD
60:PhD
1346::
1296:de
1233:,
394:.
390:.
371:.
367:.
291:^
274:^
257:.
253:.
230:^
192:.
76:de
46:.
25:c.
1281:)
1277:(
1247:)
1237:)
1229:(
1207:e
1200:t
1193:v
755:e
748:t
741:v
432:e
425:t
418:v
404:.
381:.
268:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
