1100:(George's nephew), Alfred Bonnici (who had been appointed speaker in the previous parliament by George), J. Cassar Galea (an old friend of Borġ Olivier) and Alexander Cachia Zammit (a former minister in Borg Olivier's cabinet). Borg Olivier could still count on the support of his relatives in the party, as well as on those politicians who, like Cachia Zammit, had been members of his 1962-1971 cabinets and were still in the legislature. For a while, that backing was enough to enable Borg Olivier to retain the party leadership. Yet when Borg Olivier loyalists proved incapable of opposing Mintoff's proposal to change Malta from a constitutional monarchy to a republic (with a parliamentary majority of two-thirds, but without the referendum which Borg Olivier wanted), his position was fatally weakened.
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570:, Borg Olivier held the post of Minister for Public Works and Reconstruction and Minister of Education in a Nationalist Minority Government led by Enrico Mizzi. Borg Olivier became prime minister and Minister of Justice in a Minority Government upon Mizzi's death in December 1950. He was also confirmed leader of the Nationalist Party by the Party's Executive Committee. The obstructionist strategies of the parties in opposition made Borġ Olivier bid the Governor,
880:
minority view against immediate independence was dismissed. The majority view was hindered by disagreements as to constitutional form, mainly concerning civil and secular entitlements against traditional Roman
Catholic presumptions and fears, but one of Mintoff's six points also endorsed the potential justification of violence. The MLP also seemed unenthusiastic about Malta's staying in the Commonwealth, or retaining the George Cross in the national colours.
717:, with Borg Olivier calling a boycott of the vote. Although the votes cast showed a substantial majority for integration, the outcome clearly showed that the nation did not approve of the proposals. Coupled with Borġ Olivier's attempts to expose British intrusions, and that "the Secretary of State for the Colonies is determined to bulldoze integration on the Island," support for the Malta Labour Party's proposal for full integration began to wane.
892:. After having had a series of talks with the British Government and after preparing a Constitution for an independent Malta, which was endorsed by Parliament and approved by the people in a referendum held in February 1964, Borg Olivier set 21 September as Malta's Independence Day. Independence was part of a package which included retaining British defence facilities for ten years and financial aid to the tune of £51 million.
710:. In these meetings, the Nationalist members reiterated that "Malta ought be given full autonomy within the Commonwealth, autonomous in its relationship with the United Kingdom, but not with the rest of the Commonwealth and other independent nations. The matters dealing with defense, the Commonwealth and international relationships should be the equal responsibility of the governments of the United Kingdom and Malta."
868:
demand for independence was put on the table quickly enough and preliminary discussions began almost immediately. Borġ Olivier tried rather unsuccessfully to get
Britain to increase its aid to Malta, to protect against the consequences of the planned 'run down' of British service establishments in Malta. After unsuccessful talks, Borg Olivier retorted that he had not gone to London "to make a silver collection".
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Privately he argued that the Church's efforts to rally third parties to enter the political fray was damaging his chances. This referred in particular to a second, Church-supported right-wing party led by
Herbert Ganado, which had returned four MPs in the 1962 elections. Ganado, along with three other 'pro-church' small parties, two of which with returned MPs, were opposed to independence.
1158:
793:
816:. At the time unemployment had risen to 6% and there were fears of discharges from the Naval Arsenal. On 20 August 1962, Dr Borg Olivier presented a formal request for Independence. It was soon made known that the Attorney General Prof John J. Cremona, was working on a draft constitution while it was announced that a Malta Independence Conference was to be held at
1088:, Borg Olivier incurred increasing censure within as well as outside his own party. His approach seemed lightweight and passive compared with Mintoff's vehement rule. Borġ Olivier opposed, but without success, the growing tendency of Mintoff's most extreme supporters to resort to violence as a political weapon.
876:. The Malta Labour Party tended to be perceived now as departing from or sidelining the Western camp. It was the Nationalists under Borg Olivier who were now seen by the British as the better able to reassure the West, and to offer the best chances for democracy, security, and stability in an independent state.
1072:
In the 1971 election campaign, the Labour Party claimed that the government was lazy and out of touch, especially compared with the aggressive and determined
Mintoff. However, the Borg Olivier Cabinet was incredibly active meeting, in all, 766 times from 27 August 1962 to 1 June 1971, just before the
989:
Affairs in addition to his duties as prime minister and
Minister of Economic Planning and Finance. In the General Elections held in March 1966, the Nationalist Party was again returned to power with Borg Olivier as prime minister and Minister of Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. On 14 June 1968, Borg
863:
and campaigns of almost sectarian proportions ensued, with
Mintoff and several of his Labour Party colleagues being denied the sacraments and demonised. Borg Olivier was no religious fanatic, and took the politically correct side against his main adversary, riding on the wave of religious sentiment.
1108:, a comparative newcomer among Nationalist parliamentarians, became the party's leader in 1977. At 44 years of age he was much younger and more determined than Borg Olivier. His tenure as Opposition Leader reinvigorated an ailing party, which achieved an actual majority of the popular vote in 1981.
1091:
Among Borg
Olivier's fellow party members, a younger generation had emerged by this time which considered him physically and politically incapable of winning back popular support from Mintoff. His growing tendency to procrastinate rather than to take tough decisions attracted particular criticism.
871:
From his London hotel on 20 August 1962, Borg
Olivier addressed to the secretary of state for the colonies a formal and urgent request for Malta's independence. The main British concern was of course defence, but also security. The violence of 1958 and subsequent events, including manifestations of
720:
With the decrease in
British defence spending, and the British government's unwillingness to set dates for full equality between the Maltese and British people, the integration proposal was effectively dead. At this point, Mintoff resigned and declared a national day of protest. Riots broke out 28
549:
The internees were returned to Malta in May 1945, and the three
Nationalist members of the Council resigned in July, with the Nationalists refusing to participate in the 1945 elections. This was a protest against the imposition of non-administrative government. In 1947, Borġ Olivier was elected to
1103:
After Mintoff's re-election in 1976, the general feeling among most Nationalists was that the party could succeed only if it acquired a young, genuinely devout, dynamic Catholic as a new leader. In other words, the Nationalist Party wanted to adopt a populist approach. Ironically enough, it was a
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Borg Olivier's family affairs, which were somewhat disturbed, soon fell under public scrutiny. The marital relationship of the Borg Olivier couple began to be used by all his political opponents as a source of criticism. These scandals were part of the political rhetoric of the 1960s. The Maltese
867:
Gonzi wanted to check both Mintoff and Borġ Olivier, to prevent the loss of the Church's guarded status under a new political system. Both the main political parties, the PN and the MLP, had independence from Britain prominently included in their electoral campaigns. On taking office in 1962, the
1001:
Borg Olivier did not agree with the Church's position, yet he still capitalised on the situation and gave sterling support to the Church's authorities. The introduction of Labour newspapers in public hospitals was banned, a decision later revoked by the courts, while excommunicated citizens were
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Near the end of his rule as prime minister, his government was rocked by various political and personal scandals, which seemed to symbolise the moral decay of the Maltese political establishment. Resigning from Leader of the Nationalist Party in 1977, Borg Olivier retained his parliamentary seat
858:
This was the tail end of the Maltese Politico-religious dispute, comparable in some ways to the questions arising thirty years earlier, in Strickland's time. Although there was a personality clash between Archbishop Gonzi and Mintoff, other issues of power and jurisdiction were clearly becoming
1111:
After stepping down from party leader, Borg Olivier became a recluse, alone, friendless and detached from the local political scene. A sense of betrayal marked his attitude, given that Fenech Adami had been encouraged by Borg Olivier to remain in politics after suffering two personal electoral
879:
After a controversial referendum in May 1964, in which a majority of the votes cast approved the proposed independence constitution, in July a full round of talks with all the five political parties concerned, led by Borg Olivier as prime minister, was held at Marlborough House in London. The
511:...Giorgio Borg Olivier, figlio del compianto patriota ingegnere Oliviero. E' stato precisamente il notaio Giorgio a presentare a conclusione del magnifico comizio, due grandi mazzi di fiori ai nostri due capi Sir Ugo e Enrico Mizzi, a nome di quella laboriosa e patriottica popolazione rurale
528:. The Nationalist members' line in the 1939 Council of Government was not obstructionist, however the three members believed that "the nation is mature, and quite mature from now to administer the government. It has sufficient talent, sufficient capacity for work and sufficient patriotism."
1068:
As the 1960s came to a close, an economy reeling from over-reliance on construction and labour troubles at the Dockyards endangered Borg Olivier's administration. Above all, the common belief was that Borg Olivier and his cabinet had no initiative, preferring to react rather than to act.
1095:
During January 1974, eighteen Nationalist parliamentarians signed a declaration of no confidence in Borġ Olivier's leadership. Three others who could not attend signed later. Out of 27 MPs, only five supported the party leader. These five MPs were Paulo Borg Olivier (George's brother),
699:, which were lost by the Nationalist party, were linked with the two competing proposals of integration with Britain and dominion status. The imperial authorities on the islands were accused of exerting undue pressure on the electorate by the Nationalist party, with the Governor,
1138:
Prime Minister Mintoff expressed his intention to organise a state funeral for Borg Olivier. His funeral was the largest state funeral in Maltese history up to that point in time, and it was followed by thousands who went to Valletta to pay their last respects. He was buried at
721:
April 1958. The governor declared a state of emergency with troops placed on standby to help the civil police. After Borg Olivier's refusal to form a government, the governor was forced to declare a state of public emergency in Malta, suspending the 1947 Constitution.
538:
as one of eight Protection Officers. Following the illegal internment and deportation of Maltese citizens, Borg Olivier offered a sustained opposition to the Council's deportations, talking at length and in many occasions against these actions, famously observing
703:, taking the unheard of step of addressing the electorate over the rediffusion at the start of the electoral campaign. The Nationalist Congress, held 24 April 1955, passed a resolution deploring the "scandalous and unconstitutional interference of the Governor."
589:. Borġ Olivier was invited for the ceremony, but refused to attend unless Malta was granted special precedence over other colonies. The difficulties were overcome when the British government agreed to treat the Prime Minister of Malta on an equal basis to the
390:
policies to develop the tourism industry and construction as the engine of growth. Under his leadership, average living standards rose steadily as Malta began to decouple from a fortress economy purely dependent on the British military establishment.
805:. In the 1962 elections, 76% of the electorate voted for the principal parties which were demanding Independence. The Nationalist Party had suffered an internal split, with Herbert Ganado founding the more populist Democratic Nationalist Party.
53:
883:
On 13 July 1963, Borg Olivier headed a Government delegation for the Malta Independence Conference at the end of which it was announced that Malta would become independent. On 25 January 1964, Borg Olivier was made a Knight Grand Cross of the
855:, to his advantage. This was a particular achievement given Borg Olivier's relationship with the Bishop were very strained. However, Borg Olivier was still able to gain a reduction in the clerical and episcopal influence on Maltese politics.
624:
responsibility. Discussions by a Maltese delegation in May 1953 focused on the legal, constitutional and economic aspects of this question. This was a prelude to the political struggle with Mintoff's Malta Labour Party, which favoured
998:
church's teachings still played a cardinal role in local politics. Borg Olivier had jumped on the Church's bandwagon, grasping a substantial political advantage from the Church's excommunication of the Maltese Labour Party.
1002:
forbidden from being buried in their family graves in public cemeteries. The abuse of Maltese children who had been sent to Australia on the initiative of the Maltese church was another scandal which rocked the country.
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Borg Olivier married Alexandra Mattei in 1943. They had one daughter, Angela, and two sons, Alexander and Peter. Alexandra Borg Olivier died on 25 February 2009, aged 87. Peter Borg Olivier died 19 April 2012, aged 62.
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position which had been advocated by Ganado, but which Borg Olivier had strongly resisted in the sixties. Undercurrents began to form within the higher ranks of the party with the aim of removing Borg Olivier.
800:
Following the February 1962 election, Borg Olivier agreed to form a Government after obtaining important amendments to the Constitution. In addition to being prime minister, he assumed the portfolio of
574:, to call for fresh elections. These were held in May 1951, and as a result of them, Borg Olivier formed a coalition Government with the Malta Workers' Party, which was led by erstwhile PM
2040:
378:, was first interned by the British and deported, Borg Olivier became interim leader. After his return, Mizzi made Borg Olivier his deputy. Rising to office as a protégé of Mizzi and
1135:
for a number of years. Less than four years after he had resigned from the leadership of the Nationalist Party, he died at his Sliema home, at age 69, on Wednesday 29 October 1980.
427:
in the 1920s before becoming a cabinet minister during the premiership of Ugo P. Mifsud in the early 1930s. Borg Olivier followed in this uncle's footsteps by becoming a notary.
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808:
The Nationalists gained a majority and therefore Borg Olivier became prime minister. Shortly afterwards, amendments to the Constitution were made. Borg Olivier proceeded to
714:
578:. Borg Olivier was head of the new government, retaining the Ministry for Public Works and Reconstruction. Re-elected in 1953, the coalition remained in office till 1955.
544:
Unless we are told the reasons for these arrests, internments and deportations, we have all the right to believe that those persons are the victims of political hatred.
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2020:
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A monument in honour of Borġ Olivier was erected in Castille Square, Valletta in 1989, as part of the events commemorating the 25th anniversary of independence.
374:
Borg Olivier was elected as one of the three Nationalist members of the Council of Government in 1939. In May 1940, when the leader of the Nationalist party,
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Borg Olivier grew up in a family steeped in Nationalist politics. His uncle Salvatore was speaker of the house and then a senator, and led the opposition to
713:
These constitutional demands were not met by the British government, which moved to agree in principle with Mintoff's demands for integration with Britain.
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2055:
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On the political front, these years were marked with the attempt for a proper definition of Malta's constitutional status and relationship with the
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601:
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Despite his increasingly worsening health, Borġ Olivier still tried to remain active in public life. By 1980, Borg Olivier had been battling
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757:
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2015:
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416:, the son of Olivier Borg Olivier and Rosa (née Amato), and had had a sheltered childhood lived in the Valletta of the 1920s and 1930s.
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From 1955–58, Borg Olivier served as Leader of Opposition. He led the Nationalist Party delegations in June and September 1955 for the
605:
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2010:
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elections which were to unseat it; the cabinet met even on Boxing Day, sometimes morning and evening, and even on the feast day of
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the Legislative Assembly and was later Deputy Leader of the Opposition. The Boffa Government of 1947 was soon in crisis following
2045:
1231:
586:
368:
67:
382:, Borg Olivier believed in the economic and social development of Malta as a viable independent state and in the necessity of a
1120:
1432:
1827:
1037:
954:
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support for 'neutrality and non-alignment', had rather dented regard for Mintoff and his party generally, not only among the
761:
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1308:
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896:'s Mediterranean branch headquarters, just outside Valletta, was also retained, ensuring that Malta would remain in the
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20:
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in 1939. The war led to the exile of Nationalists supporters, including Enrico Mizzi, one of the main leaders of the
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873:
270:
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by the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta.
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436:
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Borg Olivier played an active role in this election, addressing political meetings in various villages, such as
439:, where he graduated Doctor of Laws in 1937. As a university student, Borg Olivier was elected President of the
1797:
1333:
1074:
904:
907:, 21 September 1964, the degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa) was conferred on Borg Olivier by the
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1707:
1226:
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813:
360:
71:
836:. Discussions went on right through July. The Maltese Government was asking for a monarchical state with a
1949:
1181:
885:
339:
43:
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Borg Olivier's shrewdness as a politician enabled him to use the ongoing religious conflict between the
820:. The Conference started on 16 July 1963. Delegates from all the political parties led by Borg Olivier,
240:
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2005:
2000:
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117:
102:
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379:
1964:
1954:
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900:, while British and NATO forces would continue to benefit from the islands' strategic location.
597:. This was a diplomatic victory for Borġ Olivier, winning him unanimous approval in Parliament.
796:
Prime Minister George Borg Olivier meeting with US President John F. Kennedy in September, 1963
1936:
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to ask for a financial agreement and demand Independence with full membership within the
608:, explaining the Maltese government's position that Malta ought be transferred from the
1969:
1913:
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825:
700:
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535:
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caused social and cultural tension on the islands. The alignment of local culture with
352:
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1994:
1974:
1636:
The Origins of Maltese Statehood: A Case Study of Decolonization in the Mediterranean
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571:
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490:, the party chosen by Borg Olivier, came under strict scrutiny once war broke out in
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620:. This was a counter-proposal to the British Government's offer to move Malta under
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1530:"The 'lazy' Borg Olivier Cabinet met 766 times, the 'hyper-active' Mintoff one 45"
1166:: Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa), Royal University of Malta, September 1964
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evident in the growing tension between the ecclesiastical sphere and the state.
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387:
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524:. He was one of the three party candidates, together with Mizzi and Mifsud,
166:
1782:
1284:"Giorgio Borg Olivier's Biography: The Political life of a Maltese patriot"
1259:"Giorgio Borg Olivier's Biography: The Political life of a Maltese patriot"
1077:. This effort did Borg Olivier no good; Mintoff and Labour regained power.
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until it was suppressed by the British colonial government in March 1935.
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897:
617:
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236:
1550:"Wikileaks: Borg Olivier faced no confidence declaration by party MPs,"
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by elements of the social elite appeared to be lackey behaviour towards
1040: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
957: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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844:. The Secretary of State proposed a referendum about the constitution.
764: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
667: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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During his stay in London, Borġ Olivier presented a memorandum to the
809:
521:
491:
256:
1565:"Timestalk: Cachia Zammit regrets way how Borg Olivier was replaced"
498:. On 25 June 1939, Borg Olivier addressed his first mass-meeting in
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until his death in 1980. He was succeeded as leader of the party by
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1119:
791:
475:
1396:"How the major political parties survived splits, big and small"
893:
1786:
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926:
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Companions of Honour of the National Order of Merit (Malta)
990:
Olivier was decorated with the Grand Cross of Merit of the
585:. One such attempt related to an incident with respect to
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The 1930s were particularly trying for Maltese society.
1657:. Malta: Uffiċċju Informazzjoni, Partit Nazzjonalista.
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985:In March 1965, he became Minister of Foreign and
2041:Members of the House of Representatives of Malta
526:who made it to the Council of Government in 1939
371:between 1955–1958, and again between 1971–1977.
16:Prime Minister of Malta from 1950–55 and 1962–71
541:
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363:(1950–1955 and 1962–1971) as the Leader of the
435:He was educated at the Lyceum, Malta, and the
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1309:"Alexandra Borg Olivier passes away, aged 86"
1080:Having led the Nationalists to defeat in the
8:
911:. In November 1964, he was received by Pope
618:independent dominion within the Commonwealth
587:the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953
502:, a village which also hosted his office as
562:From Minister to Prime Minister (1950–1955)
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290:Alexandra Mattei (m. 1943–1980; his death)
51:
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1056:Learn how and when to remove this message
973:Learn how and when to remove this message
803:Minister of Economic Planning and Finance
780:Learn how and when to remove this message
683:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:20 December 1950 – 11 March 1955
832:attended. The Conference was chaired by
351:) (5 July 1911 – 29 October 1980) was a
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1671:Rudolf, Uwe Jens; Berg, W. G. (2010).
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602:Minister of State for Colonial Affairs
2081:Burials at Addolorata Cemetery, Paola
2031:Nationalist Party (Malta) politicians
2021:Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester
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1394:Scicluna, Christopher (5 June 2019).
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386:. During his premiership, he pursued
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1675:. USA: Scarecrow Press. p. 43.
1038:adding citations to reliable sources
1006:Leader of the Opposition (1971–1977)
955:adding citations to reliable sources
762:adding citations to reliable sources
665:adding citations to reliable sources
633:Leader of the Opposition (1955–1958)
84:5 March 1962 – 21 June 1971
1124:Monument to George Borg Olivier in
915:and made Knight Grand Cross of the
591:Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia
1086:the next election five years later
851:and the Maltese church, headed by
14:
2076:Leaders of the Opposition (Malta)
1216:: Grand Cross of Merit, June 1968
1214:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
441:Comitato Permanente Universitario
19:For those of a similar name, see
2071:20th-century Maltese politicians
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1433:"Malta (Round Table Conference)"
1334:"Peter Borg Olivier passes away"
1232:List of prime ministers of Malta
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701:Major General Sir Robert Laycock
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531:Borg Olivier was also chosen by
412:George Borg Olivier was born in
57:Borg Olivier's official portrait
2056:Deputy prime ministers of Malta
1821:Before Abolishment of 1933-1947
1765:Leader of the Nationalist Party
1595:"My father, the Prime Minister"
1528:Grima, Noel (4 February 2014).
1025:needs additional citations for
942:needs additional citations for
749:needs additional citations for
652:needs additional citations for
1897:After Abolishment of 1958-1962
1866:After Abolishment of 1933-1947
1673:Historical Dictionary of Malta
1504:Maltese History & Heritage
1:
614:Commonwealth Relations Office
2066:20th-century Maltese lawyers
1098:Albert Borg Olivier de Puget
708:Malta Round Table Conference
21:George Borg (disambiguation)
1655:Ġorġ Borg Olivier mill-qrib
898:Western sphere of influence
482:. The Partito Nazionale of
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2061:Foreign ministers of Malta
2026:University of Malta alumni
2016:Finance ministers of Malta
1638:. Malta: BDL. p. 86.
1612:University of Malta, S. 13
1141:Addolorata cemetery, Paola
874:British Conservative Party
725:Prime Minister (1962–1971)
466:Private member (1939–1950)
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1500:"Dr Giorgio Borġ Olivier"
909:Royal University of Malta
818:Marlborough House, London
697:general elections of 1955
568:general elections of 1950
437:Royal University of Malta
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313:Royal University of Malta
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151:
77:
62:
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2011:Prime ministers of Malta
1814:Prime ministers of Malta
1750:Party political offices
1662:Ganado, Herbert (1977).
627:integration with Britain
369:Leader of the Opposition
177:Governors‑General
2046:Maltese Roman Catholics
1733:Prime Minister of Malta
1708:Prime Minister of Malta
1653:Galea, Michael (1989).
1532:. The Malta Independent
1227:Prime Minister of Malta
1116:Death and state funeral
853:Archbishop Mikiel Gonzi
715:A referendum was called
361:Prime Minister of Malta
99:Governor‑General
72:Prime Minister of Malta
1950:Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici
1634:Frendo, Henry (2000).
1458:Rudolf & Berg 2010
1182:Order of St. Sylvester
1128:
886:Order of St. Sylvester
797:
554:'s disagreements with
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355:statesman and leading
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1552:The Malta Independent
1288:The Malta Independent
1263:The Malta Independent
1198:: Grand Cross of the
1180:: Grand Cross of the
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795:
359:. He twice served as
241:Crown Colony of Malta
185:Robert Edward Laycock
2036:People from Valletta
1593:D. Darmanin (2009).
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951:improve this article
758:improve this article
730:Road to Independence
661:improve this article
472:War on the continent
425:Constitutional Party
333:Giorgio Borg Olivier
322:Attorney, politician
118:Maurice Henry Dorman
103:Maurice Henry Dorman
37:Giorgio Borg Olivier
1922:George Borg Olivier
1904:George Borg Olivier
1883:George Borg Olivier
1848:Ugo Pasquale Mifsud
1838:Ugo Pasquale Mifsud
1664:Rajt Malta tinbidel
1075:St Paul's Shipwreck
824:, Toni Pellegrini,
533:Lieutenant governor
271:Addolorata Cemetery
1965:Eddie Fenech Adami
1955:Eddie Fenech Adami
1833:Francesco Buhagiar
1775:Eddie Fenech Adami
1693:Political offices
1621:(PDF; 2,2 MB)
1617:2012-01-13 at the
1571:. 25 February 2014
1150:Honours and awards
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1106:Eddie Fenech Adami
1084:election and also
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397:Eddie Fenech Adami
1988:
1987:
1937:Republic of Malta
1843:Gerald Strickland
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1772:Succeeded by
1740:Succeeded by
1715:Succeeded by
1506:. 26 January 2013
1422:, Vol III, p. 424
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840:representing the
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572:Sir Gerald Creasy
496:Partito Nazionale
488:Sir Ugo P. Mifsud
380:Sir Ugo P. Mifsud
365:Nationalist Party
349:Ġorġ Borġ Olivier
330:
329:
261:Republic of Malta
135:
2088:
1860:
1807:
1800:
1793:
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1755:Preceded by
1727:Office abolished
1725:Preceded by
1698:Preceded by
1690:
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1649:
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1554:, 10 April 2013.
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1448:, pp. 45–46
1443:
1437:
1436:
1435:. 26 March 1956.
1429:
1423:
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1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1372:, Vol II, p. 336
1367:
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1360:, pp. 14–15
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1200:Order of Pius IX
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978:
971:
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927:
917:Order of Pius IX
905:Independence Day
838:Governor General
830:Mabel Strickland
785:
778:
774:
771:
765:
742:
734:
688:
681:
677:
674:
668:
645:
637:
595:Northern Ireland
461:Political career
342:
253:
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219:Personal details
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82:
55:
28:
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1989:
1984:
1931:
1908:
1892:
1861:
1852:
1816:
1811:
1777:
1768:
1760:
1745:
1743:Dominic Mintoff
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1718:Dominic Mintoff
1711:
1703:
1683:
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1619:Wayback Machine
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277:Political party
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2018:
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1970:Lawrence Gonzi
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1962:
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1004:
992:Order of Malta
981:
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939:
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924:
921:
826:Herbert Ganado
788:
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723:
691:
690:
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583:United Kingdom
566:Following the
563:
560:
536:William Dobbie
467:
464:
462:
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450:
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432:
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409:
406:
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401:
367:. He was also
328:
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304:
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296:
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254:(aged 69)
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33:The Honourable
31:
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2:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Joseph Muscat
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
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1934:
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1920:
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1911:
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1901:
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1828:Joseph Howard
1826:
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1682:9780810853171
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1645:9789993200369
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1387:
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1329:
1326:
1314:
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1279:
1276:
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1254:
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1248:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
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1224:
1220:
1215:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1186:
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1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1023:This section
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
988:
977:
974:
966:
956:
952:
946:
945:
940:This section
938:
934:
929:
928:
922:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
881:
877:
875:
869:
865:
862:
861:Mass hysteria
856:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
834:Duncan Sandys
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
794:
784:
781:
773:
763:
759:
753:
752:
747:This section
745:
741:
736:
735:
729:
724:
722:
718:
716:
711:
709:
704:
702:
698:
687:
684:
676:
666:
662:
656:
655:
650:This section
648:
644:
639:
638:
632:
630:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
546:
545:
540:
537:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
513:
512:
507:
505:
504:notary public
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:Fascist Italy
477:
473:
465:
460:
458:
451:
447:Personal life
446:
444:
442:
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
407:
402:
400:
398:
392:
389:
385:
384:mixed economy
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
338:
334:
325:
321:
317:
314:
311:
309:
305:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
272:
269:
267:Resting place
265:
262:
258:
249:
245:
242:
238:
226:
222:
217:
213:
210:
207:
201:
198:
195:
189:
186:
182:
181:Gerald Creasy
179:
175:
172:
168:
165:
161:
155:
150:
147:
144:
138:
132:
129:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
81:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
45:
42:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1980:Robert Abela
1921:
1903:
1882:
1878:Enrico Mizzi
1763:
1758:Enrico Mizzi
1731:
1706:
1701:Enrico Mizzi
1672:
1663:
1654:
1635:
1628:Bibliography
1607:
1598:
1573:. Retrieved
1568:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1508:. Retrieved
1503:
1484:, p. 87
1477:
1472:, p. 86
1465:
1460:, p. 43
1453:
1441:
1427:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1389:
1384:, p. 25
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1287:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1262:
1145:
1137:
1130:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1052:
1046:January 2016
1043:
1032:Please help
1027:verification
1024:
1000:
996:
987:Commonwealth
984:
969:
963:January 2016
960:
949:Please help
944:verification
941:
902:
890:Pope Paul VI
882:
878:
870:
866:
857:
849:Labour Party
846:
814:Commonwealth
807:
799:
776:
770:January 2016
767:
756:Please help
751:verification
748:
719:
712:
707:
705:
694:
679:
673:January 2016
670:
659:Please help
654:verification
651:
599:
580:
565:
548:
543:
542:
530:
515:
510:
509:
484:Enrico Mizzi
469:
455:
440:
434:
418:
411:
393:
376:Enrico Mizzi
373:
332:
331:
252:(1980-10-29)
204:Succeeded by
197:Enrico Mizzi
171:Elizabeth II
153:
141:Succeeded by
114:Guy Grantham
93:Elizabeth II
79:
25:
2006:1980 deaths
2001:1911 births
1960:Alfred Sant
1945:Dom Mintoff
1927:Dom Mintoff
1888:Dom Mintoff
1599:Malta Today
1575:25 February
1510:24 December
1482:Frendo 2000
1470:Frendo 2000
1420:Ganado 1977
1370:Ganado 1977
1293:24 December
1268:24 December
1133:lung cancer
888:, Pope, by
822:Dom Mintoff
622:Home Office
556:Dom Mintoff
388:corporatist
281:Nationalist
227:5 July 1911
209:Dom Mintoff
192:Preceded by
146:Dom Mintoff
131:Dom Mintoff
126:Preceded by
105:(from 1964)
1995:Categories
1873:Paul Boffa
1769:1950–1977
1737:1962–1971
1712:1950–1955
1536:4 February
1446:Galea 1989
1382:Galea 1989
1358:Galea 1989
1238:References
576:Paul Boffa
552:Paul Boffa
518:Birkirkara
403:Early life
357:politician
319:Occupation
308:Alma mater
231:1911-07-05
1343:16 August
1318:16 August
1243:Citations
1143:, Malta.
1112:defeats.
431:Education
300:Alexander
167:George VI
154:In office
120:(to 1964)
80:In office
1615:Archived
1221:See also
1196:Holy See
1178:Holy See
1126:Valletta
616:, as an
500:Siġġiewi
414:Valletta
295:Children
237:Valletta
163:Monarchs
110:Governor
913:Paul VI
612:to the
353:Maltese
345:Maltese
229: (
89:Monarch
1679:
1642:
1405:15 May
1211:
1193:
1175:
1161:
810:London
522:Bormla
492:Europe
452:Family
408:Family
298:Angela
287:Spouse
257:Sliema
134:(1958)
1164:Malta
842:Queen
539:that:
476:Italy
302:Peter
70:
1677:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1577:2014
1538:2014
1512:2013
1407:2020
1345:2019
1320:2019
1295:2013
1270:2013
1082:1971
894:NATO
828:and
695:The
593:and
520:and
486:and
337:GCPO
247:Died
224:Born
41:GCPO
1036:by
953:by
903:On
760:by
663:by
423:'s
340:KSS
68:7th
44:KSS
1997::
1597:.
1585:^
1567:.
1520:^
1502:.
1489:^
1398:.
1336:.
1311:.
1286:.
1261:.
1250:^
919:.
629:.
604:,
558:.
399:.
347::
259:,
239:,
1806:e
1799:t
1792:v
1685:.
1666:.
1648:.
1601:.
1579:.
1540:.
1514:.
1409:.
1347:.
1322:.
1297:.
1272:.
1059:)
1053:(
1048:)
1044:(
1030:.
976:)
970:(
965:)
961:(
947:.
783:)
777:(
772:)
768:(
754:.
686:)
680:(
675:)
671:(
657:.
506::
343:(
233:)
23:.
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