276:. Bush bought six Conestoga wagons, equipping them with enough provisions for a year, and helped several families make the trip to Oregon. According to the Bush family history, Bush built a false bottom onto his wagon in which he hid over a hundred pounds of silver, worth about $ 2,000. The great-granddaughter of Bush claims that Bush had hidden $ 5,000 in silver dollars, some gold bricks, and $ 50 slugs. With him he brought many species of fruit and shade trees that he would plant in his farm at Bush Prairie.
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327:. (Tumwater's official history gives most of the credit for its founding to Simmons and the other white settlers; and mentions only in passing one of the main founding fathers of Tumwater, George Bush) Bush and Michael Simmons built the area's first gristmill and sawmill in 1845, and Bush helped finance Simmons' logging company. Bush introduced the first mower and reaper to the area in 1856.
272:. Bush's navigation skills and knowledge of the western region, gained during his years as a trapper, made him the indispensable guide of the party. Isabella's training as a nurse was an important contribution as well. Bush and his family were also known to be very generous, purchasing supplies for their fellow travelers first in Missouri and later at great expense at
375:, many of whom he nursed through epidemics of measles and smallpox. He also extended remarkable generosity towards his fellow settlers, sharing grain with needy neighbors rather than selling it to speculators at great personal profit. One year, wheat was in short supply and Bush was offered an unheard-of price for his entire crop. His response was
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History of the
Pacific Northwest: Oregon and Washington; embracing an account of the original discoveries on the Pacific coast of North America, and a description of the conquest, settlement and subjugation of the original territory of Oregon; also interesting biographies of the earliest settlers and
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The Bush-Simmons Party is credited by some historians as having been in large part responsible for bringing the land north of the
Columbia River—the present-day state of Washington—into the United States. They established a presence that attracted other settlers and strengthened the American claim to
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of 1846 ended the joint administration north of the
Columbia, placing Bush Prairie firmly in the United States. By staking an American claim to the area, Bush and his party had also brought Oregon's black American exclusion laws, clouding the title to their land; these laws would not have applied if
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In addition to their farm, the Bushes ran a roadside hotel for free. Wayfarers traveling between
Cowlitz Landing and Puget Sound liked to stop there. It was open to anyone who came through the area. The Bushes would give visitors a good square meal and gave gifts of grain and fruit grown on the Bush
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A permanent monument to George Bush and his family on the
Washington State Capitol campus was dedicated on November 19, 2021. This monument refers to the contributions of Mr. Bush and his son William Owen Bush to Washington Territory, Washington State, and what became Washington State University. A
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at the time and had adopted anti-miscegenation laws in 1821, but like his father's marriage, there is no evidence that his marriage was thought to be illegal at the time. Bush was a free man and had never been a slave, but, while he was of
African and Irish descent, Missouri did not provide him the
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man. It is noted that the marriage was performed by John P. Smith, Justice of the Peace, who may have had an arrangement with Bush. Smith had been appointed
Justice less than a month before Bush's marriage, immediately following the formation of Washington Township in May 1830. To qualify for the
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maid who also worked for
Stevenson, and they married in 1778. Pennsylvania did not repeal its anti-miscegenation law until 1780, suggesting that Matthew Bush was either not considered black, or he was married under the care of Germantown Friends meeting in violation of the law. George's parents
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The original tree still towers over the old Bush homestead on Bush
Prairie, in poor health but maintaining its standing as the largest of its kind in the state and one of the largest butternut trees in the nation, according to University of Washington forest ecologist and researcher Robert Van
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After years of lobbying by South Sound historians, including state
Supreme Court Justice Gerry Alexander, state officials Tuesday planted a 16-foot butternut tree sapling that is a direct descendant of the seedling Bush brought west with him by wagon train from Missouri to the Tumwater area in
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Some sources state that his family lived in comfort there, while others suggest they faced increasing prejudice. Land records show they moved from the edge of Clay County to unorganized territory in what became Daviess County, and finally into unclaimed territory north of
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The tree is a direct descendant of a seedling brought west on Bush's wagon and planted in 1845 at the Bush homestead on Bush Prairie. The original tree was one of the largest, and likely the oldest, living butternut trees in the United States when it died in 2021.
378:"I'll just keep my grain to let my neighbors who have had failures have enough to live on and for seeding their fields in the spring. They have no money to pay your fancy prices and I don't intend to see them want for anything in my power to provide them with."
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formation of the township they had to certify to the Secretary of State "that there were at least 95 taxable inhabitants in the township upon its creation," including George Bush, whose 1828 land purchase was within Washington Township boundaries.
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Although Bush is widely known today by his ostensible full name of George Washington Bush, doubt has been cast on if "Washington" actually was his middle name, or was added later through mistaken conflation with fellow African-American pioneer
215:), Bush moved to the area near said trading post and in 1828 purchased (with cash not grant or homestead) 80 acres of land. His property was in an unorganized part of Clay County, where he married Isabella James, the daughter of a
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When he was about twenty years old, Bush moved to Illinois where he entered the cattle business for the first time. In about 1820 Bush moved his cattle business to Missouri where he remained for the next twenty years.
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Historians have noted how Bush's experience exemplifies the interdependence and interconnection of people from different racial groups on the western frontier, as well as the ugliness of racial prejudice.
179:. (Bush, Jeremiah Mabie and William Rutledge are the only known War of 1812 veterans to have settled in Thurston County, and the earliest known U.S. veterans in the county.) He later worked as a
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to give the Bushes unambiguous ownership of their land, which it did in 1855. Bush was thus among the first African-American landowners in Washington State.
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Bush died in Tumwater on April 5, 1863. Isabella James Bush died September 12, 1866. Bush was buried in Tumwater, Washington at Union Cemetery, now a city
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Earlier DNA testing indicates that the pure strain tree is likely the oldest living butternut in the United States — and possibly anywhere, Gleason said.
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barring black persons, slave or free, from entering the Oregon Territory on penalty of lashing. As a result, Bush and his party traveled north across the
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did a series of five paintings depicting George Bush's journey by wagon train from Missouri to Bush Prairie. The paintings are in the collection of the
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Grier, Patricia E. "The George W. Bush You Don't Know: A Real Hero Who Knew How To Get The Job Done!" Take Pride! Community Magazine, October 1, 2006
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in 1832, Joseph T in 1833, Riley B in 1836, Henry S in 1840, January J in 1844, all in Missouri, and Lewis Nisqually in 1847 in the new territory.
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more prominent men and women of the Pacific Northwest, including a description of the climate, soil, productions of Oregon and Washington
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called Bush/Union/Pioneer Calvary Cemetery. The cemetery is listed on the national, state and city registers of historic places.
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copy of this monument will be installed on the campus of Washington State University at Tri-Cities in Richland, Washington.
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Scott. Leslie M. "Soil repair lessons in the Willamette Valley," Oregon Historical Quarterly, XVIII (March 1917), pp 59, 66
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670:"Missouri, County Marriage, Naturalization, and Court Records, 1800–1991: Clay County Marriage records 1822–1878 vol A-D"
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Aspler, Alfred, "Mulato founder of Bush Prairie troubled by racial prejudice," Tacoma Sunday Ledger, January 31, 1954.
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The Bushes and the other five families established a settlement, named Bush Prairie, at the southernmost tip of
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served Stevenson until his death. Stevenson had no other family and so left the Bushes a substantial fortune.
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the area in later debates between Great Britain and the United States over partitioning the Oregon Country.
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may have helped the settlers gain access where the company had previously barred Americans from settling.
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George Bush lived out the rest of his life in Washington. He maintained excellent relations with local
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By the time the Bush-Simmons party reached the Oregon Country over four months later, the
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1026:"George Bush, Washington's unheralded Black pioneer, honored at state Capitol and beyond"
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and educated in Philadelphia. Bush's African American father, Matthew Bush, was born in
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Their six sons carried on their tradition of farming and public service. The eldest,
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In 1844, Bush and his family (along with five other families including his friend
825:(Pvt. L. 33–63). 33rd Congress of the United States of America. 10 February 1855.
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1048:"Thurston County began with a racist outsider and an upstanding pioneer family"
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was formed in 1853, one of the first actions of the Territorial Legislature in
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Sketch of George W. Bush by Sam Patrick, 1969. Courtesy Henderson House Museum.
1100:"George Bush of Tumwater: Founder of the First American Colony on Puget Sound"
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McLagan, Elizabeth (1980). "Peculiar Paradise, A History of Blacks In Oregon".
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An Act for the Relief of George Bush, of Thurston County, Washington Territory
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was hired to establish a trading post at the Blacksnake Hills (which became
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The Wind-Breaker – George Washington Bush: Black Pioneer of the Northwest
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The family had nine boys, of which six survived past infancy, including
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Washington's History: The People, Land, and Events of the Far Northwest
910:"Narrative of a Pioneer: Jacob Lawrence tells the story of George Bush"
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114:(c. 1779 – April 5, 1863) was an American pioneer and one of the first
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merchant named Stevenson for most of his life. At Stevenson's home in
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Biographical Sketches of Black Pioneers and Settlers of the Northwest
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Research paper – "Nobody Actually Knows What George Bush Looked Like"
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Memories and experiences at the old ancestral home on Bush Prairie
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City of Tumwater official website. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
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History Takes Root: Tree Sapling From Pioneer George Bush ...
758:. Portland, Ore.: North Pacific History Company. p. 267.
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Fort Vancouver National Historic Site–George Washington Bush
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headquartered in St. Louis, then spent several years in the
996:"Historic Bush butternut tree damaged by weekend windstorm"
650:. U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Managenent
1150:"George Washington Bush and the Human Spirit of Westward"
515:"George Washington Bush and the Human Spirit of Westward"
268:, totaling 31 people) left Missouri, heading west on the
644:"General Land Office Records: Bush, George MO0130__.266"
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Ayer, John Edwin (1916-01-01). "George Bush, Voyageur".
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Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (February 1999).
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Olsen, Winnifred; Stevenson, Shanna (19 January 2007).
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the territory were under the British Empire. When the
1176:"State owes much to George W. Bush — a Black Pioneer"
581:. Seattle: University of Washington. pp. 7, 9.
435:was planted in Bush's memory on the grounds of the
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966:"Sapling of historic tree joins Capitol landscape"
935:"Sapling of historic tree joins Capitol landscape"
249:in 1841. The Bush family left a few years later.
547:“History and Background of Pioneer Bush Family”
354:According to the Oregon Trail History Library:
134:around 1779. An only child, he was raised as a
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676:. FamilySearch. 2019. p. image 56 of 753
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725:. Topeka, : Historical Pub. Co. pp.
223:descent, on July 4, 1830. Missouri was a
19:For other people with the same name, see
1260:People from Thurston County, Washington
1212:"George Washington Bush (c. 1790–1863)"
513:National Park Service (February 1999).
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439:, and later also dedicated in honor of
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560:, 1945-07-06, Retrieved on 2008-07-13.
479:George Washington (Washington pioneer)
295:, into territory that at the time was
1174:Goodnow, Cecelia (February 5, 2002).
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1190:"Articles on George Washington Bush"
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142:. Matthew Bush worked for a wealthy
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895:Bush/Union/Pioneer Calvary Cemetery
621:The Washington Historical Quarterly
418:Washington State Historical Society
122:settlers of the Pacific Northwest.
92:Bush/Union/Pioneer Calvary Cemetery
1315:African-American history of Oregon
1024:Gutman, David (25 November 2021).
241:. This area was annexed after the
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603:"This Bush fought in War of 1812"
601:Annah Pritchett (June 18, 2014),
1280:American people of Irish descent
1265:People from Tumwater, Washington
722:History of Clay County, Missouri
704:Oldham, Kit (February 1, 2004).
281:Provisional Government of Oregon
150:, Matthew Bush met his wife, an
1290:Farmers from Washington (state)
898:, City of Tumwater, Washington
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1161:US Department of the Interior
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1194:City of Tumwater, Washington
1110:(4 Winter 1994–1995): 14–19.
1089:Heikell, Iris White (1980).
964:Dodge, John (2 April 2009).
933:Dodge, John (2 April 2009).
469:of nearby Centralia, Wash.
403:Washington State Legislature
1305:Hudson's Bay Company people
1285:Washington (state) pioneers
719:Woodson, William H (1920).
407:Washington State University
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1270:People from Oregon Country
1181:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1157:U.S. National Park Service
545:Tumwater Research Center.
427:George Bush butternut tree
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852:Black Pioneers of Oregon.
367:Gravestone of George Bush
285:racially-charged violence
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1255:People from Philadelphia
768:Twohy, Emma Belle Bush "
751:; Evans, Elwood (1889).
437:Washington State Capitol
130:George Bush was born in
126:Early life and education
118:(Irish and African) non-
1217:The Oregon Encyclopedia
882:, National Park Service
451:Monument to Bush family
228:same legal status as a
187:with a Frenchman named
1132:Ritter, Harry (2003).
914:www.realchangenews.org
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441:Martin Luther King Jr.
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972:. Olympia, Washington
941:. Olympia, Washington
577:Thomas, Paul (1965).
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177:Battle of New Orleans
341:Washington Territory
325:Tumwater, Washington
213:St. Joseph, Missouri
197:Hudson's Bay Company
82:Washington Territory
289:an exclusionary law
163:Soldier and trapper
1136:. Westwinds Press.
1098:Millner, Darrell.
1054:. February 9, 2020
1002:. 1 September 2015
799:2021-09-02 at the
708:. HistoryLink.org.
648:glorecords.blm.gov
552:2008-06-11 at the
522:The Museum Gazette
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189:Joseph Robidoux IV
167:Bush fought under
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1104:Columbia Magazine
467:George Washington
399:William Owen Bush
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132:Pennsylvania
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1250:1863 deaths
1119:. BlackPast
1032:26 November
579:George Bush
373:Amerindians
347:was to ask
321:Puget Sound
287:had passed
225:slave state
185:fur trapper
173:War of 1812
112:George Bush
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30:George Bush
21:George Bush
1229:Categories
1166:2007-11-13
1006:23 January
976:23 January
945:23 January
919:2020-05-30
794:"History,"
527:2013-12-18
485:References
239:St. Joseph
120:Amerindian
96:Washington
94:Tumwater,
412:In 1973,
1058:July 11,
835:10
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550:Archived
473:See also
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345:Olympia
217:Baptist
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