66:
881:
595:. Also discovered is a nearly intact mammoth skeleton, nicknamed Zed; the only pieces missing are a rear leg, a vertebra, and the top of its skull, which was sheared off by construction equipment in preparation to build the parking structure. These fossils were packaged in boxes at the construction site and moved to a compound behind Pit 91, on Page Museum property, so that construction could continue. Twenty-three large accumulations of tar and specimens were taken to the Page Museum. These deposits are worked on under the name "Project 23".
796:
However, new research with an eye towards microfossils has revealed a stunning diversity and abundance of many types of mammals. According to paleontologist Thomas
Halliday, "Rancho La Brea Tar Pits... where big herbivores typically get stuck in tar which naturally seeps from the ground, and as a result, you get huge concentrations of just specifically herbivores. You get a herbivorous sample of the ecosystem and very few carnivores, except those that are trying to scavenge on the already dead carcasses that have just got stuck in the tar."
2458:
2314:
865:
94:
122:
702:(IUGS) included the "Late Quaternary asphalt seeps and paleontological site of La Brea Tar Pits" in its assemblage of 100 geological heritage sites around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organization defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as "a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history."
792:. While mammal fossils generate significant interest, other fossils including fossilized insects and plants, and even pollen grains, are also valued. These fossils help define a picture of what is thought to have been a cooler, moister climate in the Los Angeles basin during the glacial age. Microfossils are retrieved from the matrix of asphalt and sandy clay by washing with a solvent to remove the petroleum, then picking through the remains under a high-powered lens.
965:
49:
331:
853:
951:
920:
932:
394:
908:
129:
101:
73:
717:
518:
494:
631:
841:
these cuts are in fact tool marks resultant from butchering activities, then this material would provide the earliest solid evidence for human association with the Los
Angeles Basin. Yet it is also possible that there was some residual contamination of the material as a result of saturation by asphaltum, influencing the radiocarbon dates.
280:
472:. For some years, tar-covered bones were found on the property but were not initially recognized as fossils because the ranch had lost various animals—including horses, cattle, dogs, and even camels—whose bones closely resemble several of the fossil species. Initially, they mistook the bones in the pits for the remains of
1281:
646:
exclusive excavation rights at the Tar Pits for two years. In those two years, the museum was able to extract 750,000 specimens at 96 sites, guaranteeing that a large collection of fossils would remain consolidated and available to the community. Then in 1924, Hancock donated 23 acres (9.3 ha)
840:
Also, some even older fossils showed possible tool marks, indicating humans active in the area at the time. Bones of saber-toothed cats from La Brea showing signs of "artificial" cut marks at oblique angles to the long axis of each bone were radiocarbon dated to 15,200 ± 800 BP (uncalibrated). If
661:
The museum tells the story of the tar pits and presents specimens excavated from them. Visitors can walk around the park and see the tar pits. On the grounds of the park are life-sized models of prehistoric animals in or near the tar pits. Of more than 100 pits, only Pit 91 is still regularly
444:
While crossing the basin, the scouts reported having seen some geysers of tar issuing from the ground like springs; it boils up molten, and the water runs to one side and the tar to the other. The scouts reported that they had come across many of these springs and had seen large swamps of them,
365:
This seepage has been happening for tens of thousands of years, during which the asphalt sometimes formed a deposit thick enough to trap animals. The deposit would become covered over with water, dust, or leaves. Animals would wander in, become trapped, and die. Predators would enter to eat the
795:
Historically, the majority of the mammals excavated from the La Brea deposits had been large carnivores, supporting a hypothesized "carnivore trap" in which large herbivores entrapped in asphalt attracted predators and scavengers which then became entrapped while trying to steal a quick meal.
563:
In the 1940s and 1950s, public excitement was generated by the preparation of previously recovered large mammal bones. A subsequent study demonstrated the fossil vertebrate material was well preserved, with little evidence of bacterial degradation of bone protein. They are believed to be some
1291:
523:
522:
519:
524:
807:
gas escapes from the tar pits, causing bubbles that make the asphalt appear to boil. Asphalt and methane appear under surrounding buildings and require special operations for removal to prevent the weakening of building foundations. In 2007, researchers from
445:
enough, they said, to caulk many vessels. We were not so lucky ourselves as to see these tar geysers, much though we wished it; as it was some distance out of the way we were to take, the
Governor did not want us to go past them. We christened them
521:
662:
excavated by researchers and can be seen at the Pit 91 viewing station. In addition to Pit 91, the one other ongoing excavation is called "Project 23". Paleontologists supervise and direct the work of volunteers at both sites.
812:
discovered that the bubbles were caused by hardy forms of bacteria embedded in the natural asphalt. After consuming petroleum, the bacteria release methane. Around 200 to 300 species of bacteria were newly discovered here.
543:
is credited, in 1901, with first recognizing that fossilized prehistoric animal bones were preserved in pools of asphalt on the
Hancock ranch. In commemoration of Orcutt's initial discovery, paleontologists named the
837:, who was 17 to 25 years old at death and found associated with remains of a domestic dog, so was interpreted to have been ceremonially interred. In 2016, however, the dog was determined to be much younger in date.
2600:
2446:
571:
On
February 18, 2009, George C. Page Museum announced the 2006 discovery of 16 fossil deposits that had been removed from the ground during the construction of an underground parking garage for the
483:
There were originally more than 100 separate pits of tar (or asphaltum) but most of those have been filled in with rock or dirt since settlement, leaving about a dozen accessible from ground level.
1512:
880:
3068:
3058:
2004:
Fuller, Benjamin T.; Southon, John R.; Fahrni, Simon M.; Harris, John M.; Farrell, Aisling B.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Nehlich, Olaf; Richards, Michael P.; Guiry, Eric J.; Taylor, R. E. (2016).
2785:
864:
520:
2054:
2692:
2585:
65:
2770:
2439:
1923:
2727:
2722:
2357:
381:: wood and plant remnants, rodent bones, insects, mollusks, dust, seeds, leaves, and pollen grains. Examples of some of these are on display in the George C. Page Museum.
3133:
3083:
2667:
2895:
2642:
1116:
2555:
2916:
1222:
1094:
3053:
2732:
2707:
2672:
2432:
2313:
711:
654:. It was named for a local philanthropist. Construction began in 1975, and the museum opened to the public in 1977. The area is part of urban Los Angeles in the
606:, museum researchers know more tar pits will be uncovered, for example near the intersection of Wilshire and Curson. In an exploratory subway dig in 2014 on the
2825:
2717:
650:
The George C. Page Museum of La Brea
Discoveries, part of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, was built next to the tar pits in Hancock Park on
2971:
2687:
643:
2108:
3118:
1501:
3038:
1636:
699:
2737:
2100:
2590:
2488:
314:
in
Spanish) has seeped up from the ground for tens of thousands of years. Over many centuries, the bones of trapped animals have been preserved. The
3073:
2885:
2605:
2560:
476:
or cattle that had become mired. The original Rancho La Brea land grant stipulated that the tar pits be open to the public for the use of the local
93:
2795:
2697:
2657:
2625:
2499:
1844:
1773:
647:
to Los
Angeles County with the stipulation that the county provide for the preservation of the park and the exhibition of fossils found there.
3002:
2760:
2550:
2565:
2712:
2188:
318:
Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there. La Brea Tar Pits is a registered
3113:
2800:
2620:
2615:
2051:
121:
2775:
2595:
2580:
852:
3063:
2742:
2652:
809:
2890:
2570:
919:
3123:
3007:
2880:
2870:
2702:
2647:
2630:
2139:
1313:
McMenamin, M.A.S.; et al. (1982). "Amino acid geochemistry of fossil bones from the Rancho La Brea
Asphalt Deposit, California".
557:
2086:
1898:
931:
3078:
2328:
1210:
1185:
1071:
560:
led much of the original work in this area early in the 20th century. Contemporary excavations of the bones started in 1913–1915.
169:
362:
or evaporate. The asphalt then normally hardens into stubby mounds. The pools and mounds can be seen in several areas of the park.
1662:
3093:
2961:
2752:
2682:
2542:
2338:
1380:
1003:
572:
3098:
3048:
2843:
2278:
2875:
2815:
2424:
2462:
2273:
2208:
2198:
2168:
217:
677:
to redesign the park, including by adding a pedestrian walkway framing Lake Pitt, which is 3,281 feet (1,000 metres) long.
370:. As the bones of a dead animal sank, the asphalt would soak into them, turning them dark-brown or black in color. Lighter
3108:
3103:
3043:
2635:
2407:
2243:
2228:
782:
2941:
2288:
2283:
2258:
2218:
1621:
422:
3128:
2575:
2473:
2303:
2298:
2193:
1871:
2780:
686:, where the title character recollects he was previously a caveman during his exploration of the museum's exhibits.
2976:
2848:
2610:
2343:
2293:
2268:
2263:
2178:
2173:
1958:(2009) Compilation, calibration, and synthesis of faunal and floral radiocarbon dates, Rancho La Brea, California,
1817:
771:
599:
461:, and noted in his journal, "The Citizens of the Country make great use of it to pitch the roofs of their houses".
385:
of preserved wood and bones has given an age of 38,000 years for the oldest known material from the La Brea seeps.
3028:
2931:
2377:
2253:
2248:
2213:
2105:
674:
607:
319:
254:
2981:
2966:
2790:
1418:
1174:
3088:
1246:
Mineral
Resources of the United States. (1894). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1471:
2921:
2838:
2677:
1768:
1178:
1763:
1203:
The Southwest expedition of Jedediah S. Smith: His personal account of the journey to California, 1826–1827
358:. The oil reaches the surface and forms pools, becoming asphalt as the lighter fractions of the petroleum
3033:
2382:
2233:
2223:
2183:
2132:
1616:
374:
of petroleum evaporated from the asphalt, leaving a more solid substance, which then encased the bones.
2392:
2387:
2238:
2152:
978:
655:
540:
465:
418:
429:
1733:
1707:
907:
2372:
2367:
2203:
1942:(1914) Preliminary report on the discovery of human remains in an asphalt deposit at Rancho La Brea,
1357:
1322:
998:
983:
789:
639:
433:
371:
291:
665:
As a result of a design competition in 2019, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County chose
2805:
2412:
2397:
2148:
1019:
1008:
970:
565:
458:
351:
1141:
694:
In respect of it being the "richest paleontological site on Earth for terrestrial fossils of late
2025:
1507:
1338:
956:
732:
651:
619:
584:
545:
414:
382:
2662:
2402:
2125:
2005:
1681:
1422:
1286:
1206:
1181:
1067:
887:
871:
721:
1974:(1989) A note on the ontogenetic age of the Rancho La Brea hominid, Los Angeles, California,
1445:
785:, the tar pits don't contain dinosaur remains, as these were extinct before the pits formed.
2986:
2956:
2926:
2911:
2854:
2810:
2362:
2017:
1388:
1330:
830:
603:
576:
529:
457:
on his 1826 expedition to California, was shown a piece of the solidified asphalt while at
48:
2519:
2477:
2112:
2090:
2083:
2058:
1693:
553:
339:
330:
988:
486:
In 1886, the first excavation for land pitch in the village of La Brea was undertaken by
2117:
1637:"Hey bu-ddy! 'Encino Man' turns 25 — but here's where the '90s comedy was really filmed"
1326:
2946:
2833:
2531:
2513:
2483:
834:
765:
666:
469:
454:
437:
402:
377:
Dramatic fossils of large mammals have been extricated, but the asphalt also preserves
315:
2078:
1392:
3022:
2029:
1342:
1334:
1040:
993:
826:
822:
744:
670:
592:
367:
17:
1117:"'A story of extinction.' La Brea Tar Pits recognized as a geological heritage site"
2079:
UCMP Berkeley website: describes the geology and paleontology of the asphalt seeps.
2021:
1090:
748:
588:
393:
355:
299:
152:
1563:
2525:
2507:
898:
753:
728:
615:
378:
295:
156:
1537:
1256:
1168:
716:
2936:
2765:
1795:
1013:
946:
695:
682:
359:
31:
184:
171:
1476:
759:
736:
618:, and a 10-foot limb (3.0 m) from a pine tree, of a type now found in
580:
536:
473:
347:
343:
1223:"San Pedro News Pilot 2 May 1945 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"
493:
1023:, disaster film involving a volcano that forms from the La Brea Tar Pits.
892:
776:
740:
630:
2042:
Moratto, M. 1984. California Archaeology. Florida: Academic Press, p.54
1384:
804:
611:
307:
303:
788:
The park is known for producing myriad mammal fossils dating from the
1990:(1985) Domestic dog associated with human remains at Rancho La Brea,
477:
406:
2061:
California Energy Commission, Sacramento, California, December 2000
2006:"Tar Trap: No Evidence of Domestic Dog Burial with "La Brea Woman""
366:
trapped animals and would also become stuck, a phenomenon called a
279:
2052:
Technical report for power plant construction. CULTURAL RESOURCES.
1617:
WEISS/MANFREDI win competition to master plan the La Brea Tar Pits
715:
629:
516:
492:
410:
392:
329:
278:
680:
The museum is featured prominently in the 1992 cult classic film
397:
The Tar Pits in 1910. Oil derricks can be seen in the background.
1449:
464:
The La Brea Tar Pits and Hancock Park were formerly part of the
436:, made the first written record of the tar pits in 1769. Father
2428:
2121:
1797:
Palaeontologist Thomas Halliday breaks down prehistoric films
1597:. The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation
1570:. The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation
334:
Illustration of several species getting mired in the tar pits
1845:"Paleontology 101: Bison and Camels at the La Brea Tar Pits"
591:, turtles, snails, clams, millipedes, fish, gophers, and an
1708:"Where is Encino Man Filmed? All the Locations - OtakuKart"
421:, which they used to navigate the California coastline and
2073:
1764:"They're Still Finding Fossils at L.A.'s La Brea Tar Pits"
1663:"AFTER 40,000 YEARS ON ICE, `ENCINO MAN` IS ONE COOL DUDE"
1590:
1446:"Workers Unearth Mammoth Discovery near La Brea Tar Pits"
1043:. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks
874:
from the tar pits, displayed in the George C. Page Museum
354:, which underlies much of the Fairfax District north of
1899:"Trapped in tar: The Ice Age animals of Rancho La Brea"
1635:
Press-Enterprise, Vanessa Franko | The (May 23, 2017).
1472:"Nearly intact mammoth found at L.A. construction site"
575:
next to the tar pits. Among the finds are remains of a
203:
53:
Methane gas bubble emerging at La Brea Tar Pits (2004)
821:
Only one human has been found, a partial skeleton of
30:
For the tar pit in La Brea, Trinidad and Tobago, see
925:
Lab technician working on recent specimen ZED (2021)
858:
Tar and wild flower run within La Brea campus (2014)
2995:
2904:
2863:
2824:
2771:
Los Angeles County Employees Retirement Association
2751:
2541:
2498:
2321:
2159:
261:
252:
248:
232:
224:
215:
211:
163:
148:
41:
3069:Pleistocene paleontological sites of North America
1538:"La Brea Tar Pits History | La Brea Tar Pits"
1500:
937:Lab technician doing a 3-D scan of a fossil (2021)
3059:Natural history of Los Angeles County, California
2101:Palaeo.uk: "Setting the La Brea site in context."
1992:Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences
1976:Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences
1062:Khilyuk, Leonid F.; Chilingar, George V. (2000).
731:species associated with the La Brea Tar Pits are
2896:Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center
2556:Agricultural Commissioner Weights & Measures
1502:"Prehistoric objects unearthed in LA subway dig"
1824:. Natural History Museums of Los Angeles County
1095:University of California Museum of Paleontology
1734:"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites"
1532:
1530:
1381:"Cache Of Ice Age Fossils Found Near Tar Pits"
712:List of fossil species in the La Brea Tar Pits
2440:
2133:
1661:News, Los Angeles Daily (February 18, 1992).
1066:. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 389.
350:seeps up along the 6th Street Fault from the
83:Show map of the Los Angeles metropolitan area
8:
1741:IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage
1290:. Los Angeles. June 17, 1946. Archived from
1282:"Animal Bones 50,000 Years Old Found In Tar"
1167:Kielbasa, John R. (1998). "Rancho La Brea".
644:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
532:report about the new discoveries in the pits
27:Paleontological research site in Los Angeles
1924:"Researchers learn why tar pits are bubbly"
1412:
1410:
1064:Gas migration: events preceding earthquakes
642:, the owner of Rancho La Brea, granted the
634:The La Brea Tar Pits Museum in Hancock Park
310:(also called asphaltum, bitumen, or pitch;
2447:
2433:
2425:
2140:
2126:
2118:
1897:Udurawane, Vasika; Lacerda, Julio (2016).
1419:"Major cache of fossils unearthed in L.A."
1201:Smith, J. S., & Brooks, G. R. (1977).
700:International Union of Geological Sciences
38:
610:, prehistoric objects unearthed included
3134:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
3084:National Natural Landmarks in California
2886:Martin Luther King Jr. Outpatient Center
2816:Los Angeles County Development Authority
1417:Thomas H. Maugh II (February 18, 2009).
1205:. Glendale, Calif: A. H. Clark, p. 239.
417:trunks and pieces of driftwood from the
128:
100:
72:
2796:Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts
2413:Central Los Angeles & Wilshire area
1956:F.R. O'Keefe, E.V. Fet, and J.M. Harris
1615:Shane Reiner-Roth (December 12, 2019),
1375:
1373:
1371:
1032:
848:
409:people used tar from the pits to build
2626:Executive Office, Board of Supervisors
1689:
1679:
1085:
1083:
774:of California, the saber-toothed cat (
720:La Brea Tar Pits fauna as depicted by
432:, a group of Spanish explorers led by
3054:Natural history museums in California
2786:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
1515:from the original on January 12, 2022
1170:Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County
1115:Purtill, Corinne (October 28, 2022).
564:10–20,000 years old, dating from the
346:, which seeps from the earth as oil.
260:
251:
231:
223:
214:
7:
147:
136:La Brea Tar Pits (the United States)
1762:Cooper, Arnie (December 17, 2023).
1391:. February 18, 2009. Archived from
3119:Environment of Greater Los Angeles
2881:High Desert Regional Health Center
2871:Los Angeles General Medical Center
2084:Gocalifornia.com: La Brea Tar Pits
558:University of California, Berkeley
488:Messrs Turnbull, Stewart & co.
25:
3039:Fossil parks in the United States
2776:Local Agency Formation Commission
2329:Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
1872:"Paleontology 101: The Dire Wolf"
1776:from the original on June 3, 2024
1358:"The Names of the Constellations"
453:Harrison Rogers, who accompanied
2658:Justice Care & Opportunities
2456:
2339:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
2312:
1499:Malkin, Bonnie (March 7, 2014).
1004:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
963:
949:
930:
918:
906:
879:
863:
851:
573:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
127:
120:
99:
92:
71:
64:
47:
3074:California Historical Landmarks
2728:Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk
2678:Military & Veterans Affairs
2606:Consumer & Business Affairs
598:As work for the public transit
2891:Olive View–UCLA Medical Center
2781:Los Angeles County Law Library
2601:Children & Family Services
2074:Page Museum – La Brea Tar Pits
2022:10.1179/2055557115Y.0000000011
1591:"Page Museum—La Brea Tar Pits"
255:U.S. National Natural Landmark
218:California Historical Landmark
1:
2733:Treasurer & Tax Collector
1822:La Brea Tar Pits & Museum
1146:Channel Islands National Park
498:
302:was formed around a group of
292:paleontological research site
139:Show map of the United States
108:La Brea Tar Pits (California)
2942:John Anson Ford Amphitheatre
2917:Arboretum and Botanic Garden
1870:Ojibwa (December 13, 2017).
1843:Ojibwa (February 21, 2018).
1356:Ley, Willy (December 1963).
1335:10.1016/0033-5894(82)90068-0
1148:. U.S. National Park Service
3114:20th century in Los Angeles
2106:NHM.org: Pit 91 excavations
3150:
3064:Paleontology in California
2977:South Coast Botanic Garden
2876:Harbor–UCLA Medical Center
2849:San Gabriel Valley Airport
2344:Petersen Automotive Museum
2057:December 22, 2017, at the
1257:"La Brea Tar Pits History"
709:
29:
3124:Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles
2932:Dorothy Chandler Pavilion
2566:Animal Care & Control
2561:Alternate Public Defender
2469:
2352:
2310:
1622:The Architect's Newspaper
766:Nothrotheriops shastensis
338:Tar pits are composed of
320:National Natural Landmark
273:
269:
244:
240:
200:
58:
46:
3079:Landmarks in Los Angeles
2982:Walt Disney Concert Hall
2551:Aging & Disabilities
2189:Byzantine-Latino Quarter
1960:Contributions in Science
1360:. For Your Information.
1142:"Chumash Tomol Crossing"
675:Diller Scofidio + Renfro
3094:Petroleum in California
2922:Bob Hope Patriotic Hall
2839:Compton/Woodley Airport
1769:The Wall Street Journal
1179:Dorrance Publishing Co.
825:dated to around 10,000
80:Location in Los Angeles
3099:Pleistocene California
3049:Museums in Los Angeles
2972:Natural History Museum
2713:Public Social Services
2693:Parks & Recreation
2688:Natural History Museum
2596:Child Support Services
2591:Chief Executive Office
2383:Greater Hollywood
2089:April 9, 2017, at the
1641:Orange County Register
1362:Galaxy Science Fiction
727:Among the prehistoric
724:
635:
533:
509:
451:
398:
335:
284:
111:Show map of California
2586:Beaches & Harbors
2463:County of Los Angeles
979:Binagadi asphalt lake
760:Megalonyx jeffersonii
719:
710:Further information:
656:Miracle Mile District
633:
626:George C. Page Museum
550:Canis latrans orcutti
527:
496:
442:
419:Santa Barbara Channel
413:by sealing planks of
396:
333:
282:
18:George C. Page Museum
3109:1964 in paleontology
3104:1901 in paleontology
3044:Parks in Los Angeles
2621:Economic Opportunity
2500:Board of supervisors
2111:May 6, 2019, at the
1818:"Mammal Collections"
1595:Page Museum web site
1568:Page Museum web site
1395:on February 20, 2009
999:List of fossil sites
984:Carpinteria Tar Pits
790:Wisconsin glaciation
640:George Allan Hancock
447:Los Volcanes de Brea
228:Hancock Park La Brea
2806:First 5 Los Angeles
2761:Office of Education
2482:Chair pro tempore:
2398:San Fernando Valley
2149:Central Los Angeles
1480:. February 18, 2009
1452:. February 18, 2009
1327:1982QuRes..18..174M
1315:Quaternary Research
1009:McKittrick Tar Pits
971:Paleontology portal
913:Fossil crate (2021)
901:on display in 2023
754:Paramylodon harlani
566:Last Glacial Period
459:Mission San Gabriel
352:Salt Lake Oil Field
185:34.0628°N 118.356°W
181: /
3129:Wilshire Boulevard
2636:Lifeguard Division
2581:Auditor-Controller
2571:Arts & Culture
2322:Points of interest
2279:West Adams Heights
1692:has generic name (
1564:"About the museum"
1508:The Telegraph (UK)
1091:"La Brea Tar Pits"
957:Los Angeles portal
757:, with much rarer
733:Columbian mammoths
725:
652:Wilshire Boulevard
636:
620:Central California
534:
510:
497:Early excavation (
466:Mexican land grant
430:Portolá expedition
415:California redwood
399:
383:Radiometric dating
336:
285:
233:Reference no.
3016:
3015:
2743:Youth Development
2723:Regional Planning
2653:Internal Services
2616:District Attorney
2491:: Fesia Davenport
2422:
2421:
2274:Wellington Square
2209:Faircrest Heights
2199:Country Club Park
2169:Arlington Heights
1928:Los Angeles Times
1423:Los Angeles Times
1364:. pp. 90–99.
1287:Los Angeles Times
1121:Los Angeles Times
888:saber-toothed cat
872:Columbian mammoth
831:radiocarbon years
741:short-faced bears
722:Charles R. Knight
577:saber-toothed cat
525:
434:Gaspar de Portolá
342:fractions called
277:
276:
190:34.0628; -118.356
16:(Redirected from
3141:
3029:La Brea Tar Pits
2987:Whittier Narrows
2957:Mark Taper Forum
2952:La Brea Tar Pits
2927:Descanso Gardens
2912:Ahmanson Theatre
2864:County hospitals
2855:Whiteman Airport
2668:Medical Examiner
2461:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2426:
2363:Crescenta Valley
2334:La Brea Tar Pits
2316:
2244:Mid-City Heights
2229:Lafayette Square
2142:
2135:
2128:
2119:
2062:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1878:. Kos Media, LLC
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1851:. Kos Media, LLC
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1714:. March 27, 2023
1704:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1389:Associated Press
1377:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1219:
1213:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1037:
973:
968:
967:
966:
959:
954:
953:
952:
934:
922:
910:
883:
867:
855:
552:) in his honor.
526:
507:
503:
500:
288:La Brea Tar Pits
207:
206:
204:Official website
196:
195:
193:
192:
191:
186:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
140:
131:
130:
124:
112:
103:
102:
96:
84:
75:
74:
68:
51:
42:La Brea Tar Pits
39:
21:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3008:Hall of Records
2991:
2900:
2859:
2820:
2747:
2703:Public Defender
2648:Human Resources
2643:Health Services
2537:
2520:Lindsey Horvath
2494:
2478:Lindsey Horvath
2465:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2348:
2317:
2308:
2289:Wilshire Center
2284:Western Heights
2259:Picfair Village
2219:Harvard Heights
2161:
2155:
2146:
2113:Wayback Machine
2091:Wayback Machine
2070:
2065:
2059:Wayback Machine
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1930:, May 14, 2007.
1922:Jia-Rui Chong,
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1688:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1667:Chicago Tribune
1660:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1448:. Los Angeles:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1383:. Los Angeles:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1294:on June 5, 2011
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1261:www.tarpits.org
1255:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1030:
969:
964:
962:
955:
950:
948:
945:
938:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
902:
884:
875:
868:
859:
856:
847:
819:
802:
781:). Contrary to
751:(predominantly
714:
708:
706:Flora and fauna
692:
628:
554:John C. Merriam
517:
515:
505:
501:
423:Channel Islands
391:
328:
257:
220:
202:
201:
189:
187:
183:
180:
175:
172:
170:
168:
167:
144:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
132:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3147:
3145:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Hollywood Bowl
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Brackett Field
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:Superior Court
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2611:County Counsel
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2534:, 5th district
2532:Kathryn Barger
2529:
2528:, 4th district
2523:
2522:, 3rd district
2517:
2516:, 2nd district
2514:Holly Mitchell
2511:
2510:, 1st district
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2484:Kathryn Barger
2480:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2304:Windsor Square
2301:
2299:Wilshire Vista
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:Carthay Circle
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2103:
2098:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2068:External links
2066:
2064:
2063:
2044:
2035:
1996:
1980:
1964:
1948:
1932:
1915:
1903:Earth Archives
1889:
1862:
1835:
1809:
1787:
1754:
1725:
1699:
1653:
1627:
1608:
1581:
1554:
1526:
1491:
1463:
1437:
1406:
1367:
1348:
1305:
1273:
1248:
1239:
1214:
1194:
1186:
1159:
1133:
1107:
1079:
1072:
1054:
1041:"Hancock Park"
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
974:
960:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
929:
927:
924:
917:
915:
912:
905:
903:
885:
878:
876:
870:Skeleton of a
869:
862:
860:
857:
850:
846:
843:
827:calendar years
818:
817:Human presence
815:
801:
798:
783:popular belief
745:American lions
707:
704:
691:
688:
667:Weiss/Manfredi
627:
624:
622:'s woodlands.
546:La Brea coyote
514:
511:
470:Rancho La Brea
455:Jedediah Smith
390:
387:
327:
324:
316:George C. Page
306:where natural
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
198:
197:
165:
161:
160:
150:
146:
145:
135:
126:
125:
119:
118:
117:
116:
107:
98:
97:
91:
90:
89:
88:
79:
70:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3146:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:Asphalt lakes
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Museum of Art
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Public Health
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Museum of Art
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Mental Health
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Wilshire Park
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Victoria Park
2267:
2265:
2264:South Carthay
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Beverly Grove
2177:
2175:
2174:Angelus Vista
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:neighborhoods
2160:Districts and
2158:
2154:
2153:Wilshire area
2150:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:visitor guide
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1988:R.L. Reynolds
1984:
1981:
1978:88(3): 123–26
1977:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1718:September 11,
1713:
1712:otakukart.com
1709:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1683:
1672:September 11,
1668:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1646:September 11,
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1589:Page Museum.
1585:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1562:Page Museum.
1558:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1492:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1426:. Los Angeles
1425:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:(2): 174–83.
1320:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:0-8706-2123-8
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1187:0-8059-4172-X
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:0-88415-430-0
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Lake Bermudez
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
972:
961:
958:
947:
942:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
900:
896:
894:
889:
882:
877:
873:
866:
861:
854:
849:
844:
842:
838:
836:
832:
829:(about 9,000
828:
824:
823:La Brea Woman
816:
814:
811:
806:
799:
797:
793:
791:
786:
784:
780:
778:
773:
769:
767:
762:
761:
756:
755:
750:
749:ground sloths
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
718:
713:
705:
703:
701:
697:
690:Heritage site
689:
687:
685:
684:
678:
676:
672:
671:Dorte Mandrup
668:
663:
659:
657:
653:
648:
645:
641:
632:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
593:American lion
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
531:
512:
495:
491:
489:
484:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
450:
448:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
395:
388:
386:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
368:predator trap
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
332:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:is an active
289:
283:Small tar pit
281:
272:
268:
264:
256:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:Official name
219:
210:
205:
199:
194:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
123:
95:
67:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3089:Lagerstätten
2967:Music Center
2951:
2791:Music Center
2718:Public Works
2393:Northwest LA
2388:Northeast LA
2333:
2254:Park La Brea
2249:Miracle Mile
2214:Hancock Park
2094:
2047:
2038:
2013:
2010:PaleoAmerica
2009:
1999:
1994:84(2): 76–85
1991:
1983:
1975:
1972:G.E. Kennedy
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1940:J.C. Merriam
1935:
1927:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1902:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1875:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1848:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1821:
1812:
1801:, retrieved
1796:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1767:
1757:
1747:November 13,
1745:. Retrieved
1740:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:
1630:
1620:
1611:
1601:December 15,
1599:. Retrieved
1594:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1517:. Retrieved
1506:
1494:
1484:September 1,
1482:. Retrieved
1475:
1466:
1456:February 18,
1454:. Retrieved
1440:
1430:February 18,
1428:. Retrieved
1421:
1399:February 18,
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1361:
1351:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1285:
1276:
1266:December 26,
1264:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1242:
1232:December 31,
1230:. Retrieved
1227:cdnc.ucr.edu
1226:
1217:
1202:
1197:
1169:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1145:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1063:
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1035:
1018:
989:Lagerstätten
899:ground sloth
891:
886:Models of a
839:
820:
810:UC Riverside
803:
794:
787:
775:
772:state fossil
764:
758:
752:
726:
693:
681:
679:
664:
660:
649:
637:
616:sand dollars
608:Miracle Mile
597:
589:ground sloth
570:
562:
549:
541:W. W. Orcutt
535:
487:
485:
482:
463:
452:
446:
443:
427:
400:
379:microfossils
376:
364:
356:Hancock Park
337:
311:
300:Hancock Park
287:
286:
153:Hancock Park
36:
2543:Departments
2526:Janice Hahn
2508:Hilda Solis
2378:Harbor Area
1946:40: 197–203
1690:|last=
1574:January 25,
1542:tarpits.org
1298:January 27,
1126:October 31,
737:dire wolves
729:Pleistocene
581:dire wolves
513:Excavations
506: 1915
502: 1913
438:Juan CrespĂ
411:plank boats
296:Los Angeles
188: /
176:118°21′22″W
164:Coordinates
157:Los Angeles
3023:Categories
2937:Grand Park
2851:(El Monte)
2766:Grand Park
1803:January 9,
1047:October 7,
1028:References
1014:Pitch Lake
698:age," the
696:Quaternary
683:Encino Man
673: and
587:, a giant
539:geologist
504: – c.
360:biodegrade
262:Designated
173:34°03′46″N
32:Pitch Lake
2844:Fox Field
2698:Probation
2234:Larchmont
2224:Koreatown
2184:Brookside
2030:130862425
2016:: 56–59.
1962:518: 1–16
1876:Daily Kos
1849:Daily Kos
1519:March 18,
1477:USA Today
1343:129195356
1175:Pittsburg
1100:April 26,
638:In 1913,
583:, bison,
537:Union Oil
474:pronghorn
372:fractions
348:Crude oil
344:gilsonite
340:heavy oil
326:Formation
294:in urban
2826:Airports
2753:Agencies
2576:Assessor
2408:Westside
2403:South LA
2373:Eastside
2368:Downtown
2239:Mid-City
2109:Archived
2087:Archived
2055:Archived
1774:Archived
1682:cite web
1547:June 20,
1513:Archived
1152:July 15,
943:See also
893:Smilodon
800:Bacteria
777:Smilodon
770:and the
612:geoducks
604:extended
304:tar pits
149:Location
2905:Culture
2738:Sheriff
2663:Library
2358:Regions
2204:Fairfax
1944:Science
1780:July 6,
1385:KCBS-TV
1323:Bibcode
1020:Volcano
895:fatalis
845:Gallery
805:Methane
779:fatalis
556:of the
440:wrote,
403:Chumash
389:History
308:asphalt
2996:Others
2811:FilmLA
2028:
1908:May 9,
1882:May 9,
1855:May 9,
1828:May 9,
1743:. IUGS
1619:
1511:. AP.
1341:
1209:
1184:
1070:
897:) and
600:D Line
585:horses
478:Pueblo
407:Tongva
2474:Chair
2026:S2CID
1737:(PDF)
1339:S2CID
669:over
528:2011
3003:Seal
2631:Fire
2151:and
1910:2021
1884:2021
1857:2021
1830:2021
1805:2023
1782:2024
1749:2022
1720:2024
1694:help
1674:2024
1648:2024
1603:2006
1576:2016
1549:2020
1521:2014
1486:2010
1458:2009
1450:KTLA
1432:2009
1401:2009
1300:2010
1268:2022
1234:2023
1207:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1154:2023
1128:2022
1102:2021
1068:ISBN
1049:2012
763:and
428:The
405:and
401:The
312:brea
265:1964
159:, US
2489:CEO
2018:doi
1331:doi
602:is
530:VOA
490:.
468:of
236:170
3025::
2476::
2093:–
2024:.
2012:.
2008:.
1926:,
1901:.
1874:.
1847:.
1820:.
1772:.
1766:.
1739:.
1710:.
1686::
1684:}}
1680:{{
1665:.
1639:.
1593:.
1566:.
1540:.
1529:^
1505:.
1474:.
1409:^
1387:.
1370:^
1337:.
1329:.
1319:18
1317:.
1284:.
1259:.
1225:.
1177::
1173:.
1144:.
1119:.
1093:.
1082:^
835:BP
833:)
747:,
743:,
739:,
735:,
658:.
614:,
579:,
568:.
499:c.
480:.
449:.
425:.
322:.
298:.
155:,
2448:e
2441:t
2434:v
2141:e
2134:t
2127:v
2097:.
2032:.
2020::
2014:2
1912:.
1886:.
1859:.
1832:.
1784:.
1751:.
1722:.
1696:)
1676:.
1650:.
1625:.
1605:.
1578:.
1551:.
1523:.
1488:.
1460:.
1434:.
1403:.
1345:.
1333::
1325::
1302:.
1270:.
1236:.
1192:.
1190:.
1156:.
1130:.
1104:.
1076:.
1051:.
890:(
768:)
548:(
508:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
