22:
407:
185:
300:
370:, but his bank temporarily stopped payment on 31 March 1773, and permanently (after three years in the control of trustees appointed by his creditors) on 7 August 1776. Most of his property, including his share in the rotten borough at Gatton and art collection, was sold in 1774 to meet his liabilities, and a commission of bankruptcy was taken out against him in 1777. Yet at the same period he was spending considerable sums on the rebuilding of his London house at 32
201:
193:
224:, where the power to return MPs was literally tied to property rights that could be freely bought and sold, but a thoroughly corrupt one where bribery was routine and where maintaining influence of the elections required constant expenditure. Nevertheless, Colebrooke kept control for twenty years, sitting himself as
843:
The
Baronetage of England: Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the English Baronets Now Existing ... Illustrated with Their Coats of Arms ... To which is Added an Account of Such Nova Scotia Baronets as are of English Families; and a Dictionary of Heraldry ... by E. Kimber and R.
231:
More valuably, however, Colebrooke's support for
Newcastle ensured his eligibility for lucrative government contracts. By 1762, he held two of these contracts, one for remitting money to the British forces in the American colonies and the other for victualling the troops there. But with Newcastle's
310:
Colebrooke was a full-time
Director of the East India Company from 1767 to 1771, Deputy Chairman 1768-69 and was elected Chairman three times, in 1769, 1770 and 1772. His final year in office was a disastrous one: the company got into financial difficulties (which led to the passing of the
1012:
315:), he was accused of speculating in its stock while Chairman, and was left heavily in debt to a number of the other leading figures in the company, partly through arrangements to procure votes in the company's elections. (In 1771 he,
232:
fall from power in that year, Colebrooke was immediately ejected from one contract by the new government, and the other was not renewed when it expired in 1765. Though offered compensation or new contracts on the formation of the
394:, after Robert died. In 1789, during the French Revolution, he returned to England and managed eventually to pay his creditors in full so that some inheritance was left for his descendants. He played a prominent role in
290:
to produce designs for at least seven rooms, and a selection of furniture. It is unlikely that any of Adam's designs for
Colebrooke were completed owing to the start of his financial problems at around the same time.
159:
for James (who had daughters but no son) and a special remainder of the baronetcy to George. When James died, and Robert was appointed as ambassador to
Switzerland, George inherited both the baronetcy,
485:
619:
600:
152:
1002:
997:
233:
21:
347:, and the fall or rises of the market value of EIC-stocks. In 1771 he lost £190,000 dealing in hemp; from 1772 he was attempting to corner the world's supply of
714:
1007:
77:
247:
In 1764, he became a partner in a Dublin bank. Colebrooke's business interests were diverse. He speculated in land, purchasing large estates in
472:
GAMBLING ON EMPIRE: COLONIAL INDIA AND THE RHETORIC OF “SPECULATION” IN BRITISH LITERATURE AND CULTURE, C.1769-1830 by JOHN C. LEFFEL (2013)
889:
225:
217:
65:
37:
898:
140:
1032:
1027:
1022:
76:, resulted in Colebrooke coming into the possession of a large fortune; however, he went bankrupt through poor speculations during the
992:
943:
544:
406:
33:
534:
660:
652:
320:
241:
1017:
184:
124:
964:
428:
865:
690:"Arlington Street, number 23, London: unexecuted designs for interior decoration for Sir George Colebrooke, 1771 (16)"
856:
279:
is named in his honour.) Two interests in particular, however, led to his eventual downfall: his involvement in the
1047:
1037:
934:
299:
280:
772:"Soho Square Area: Portland Estate, Nos. 31-32 Soho Square, Twentieth Century House | British History Online"
668:
101:
168:
at Gatton with its guaranteed control of one of the parliamentary seats there. He had Gatton Park landscaped by
1052:
913:
359:, and saw much of the remainder of his fortune swallowed up when the market collapsed as part of the financial
276:
440:
286:
By 1771, Colebrooke clearly desired a new interior decorative scheme for 23 Arlington Street, and he hired
448:
312:
922:
740:
173:
908:
633:
1042:
987:
982:
885:
771:
324:
316:
874:
950:
213:
842:
244:. From this point onwards although he retained his seat in Parliament he was rarely active there.
148:
228:
from 1754 to 1774 and for most of the period being able to choose also who held the other seat.
68:
in 1769, 1770 and 1772 respectively. His financial activities, which included the ownership of
540:
165:
147:, for £23,000, and was sitting in Parliament. From 1754 the brothers were at first Opposition
117:
113:
105:
61:
32:(14 June 1729 – 5 August 1809) was an English merchant, banker and politician who sat in the
848:
387:
375:
252:
205:
169:
156:
128:
69:
367:
926:
395:
360:
221:
136:
976:
834:
328:
132:
806:
390:, so poor that the East India Company had to vote him a pension, but later moved to
903:
656:
614:
595:
570:
57:
536:
The Making of
Western Indology: Henry Thomas Colebrooke and the East India Company
878:
371:
287:
272:
248:
237:
161:
109:
73:
49:
356:
268:
352:
366:
At first, Colebrooke was able to stay in business with assistance from the
200:
689:
741:"FINANCIAL CONTAGION AND MARKET INTERVENTION IN THE 1772-3 CREDIT CRISIS"
391:
264:
192:
415:
260:
256:
89:
41:
1013:
Members of the
Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
331:) He lost much larger sums, however, speculating on raw materials -
144:
97:
795:
Lucy
Sutherland, ‘COLEBROOKE, George (1729-1809), of Gatton, Surr.’
405:
298:
199:
191:
183:
53:
20:
25:
A 1773 political cartoon featuring
Colebrooke (second from right)
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
303:
135:
from 1741-1761. In 1751 James bought control of one seat in the
93:
45:
236:
government, he preferred instead to accept a well-paid post as
216:, and invested some of his wealth in buying up control of the
220:
in Sussex, where the family lived. Arundel was not a classic
212:
In 1761 George was left in sole charge of the family bank in
447:
He also raised his brother James' two daughters, Mary and
306:
Allum in distress; representation of Sir George
Colebrooke
653:"COLEBROOKE, George (1729-1809), of Gatton, Surr. |"
486:"The Shah of Allum: Sir George Colebrooke Stuart Boydell"
620:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
601:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
418:, in 1754, and they had three sons and three daughters:
414:
He had married Mary Gayner, daughter of Peter Gayner of
410:
Soho Square, from Ackermann's Repository of Arts, 1812
807:"Lady Tankerville: The botanist and secret scientist"
571:"Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slavery"
267:. He was also a member of a syndicate to settle the
36:
from 1754 to 1774, representing the constituency of
16:
English merchant, banker and politician (1729–1809)
850:Survey of London: volumes 33 and 34: St Anne Soho
623:(2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
604:(2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
155:government and were rewarded in 1759 with the
88:George Colebrooke was born on 14 June 1729 in
533:Rocher, Rosane; Rocher, Ludo (17 June 2014).
8:
1003:Directors of the British East India Company
998:Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain
852:(1966), online at www.british-history.ac.uk
431:(1761–1838), and succeeded to the baronetcy
398:, particularly in the philanthropic arena.
861:
766:
764:
259:(where his wife already had interests),
646:
644:
565:
563:
528:
526:
524:
522:
465:
283:and his speculations in raw materials.
635:Complete baronetage. Vol. V. 1707-1800
480:
478:
805:Leatherdale, Duncan (19 March 2023).
632:Cokayne, George Edward. (Ed.) (1906)
7:
120:in 1752 on the death of his father.
451:from 1761 until they were married.
1008:Whig (British political party) MPs
857:Leigh Rayment's list of baronets
638:. Exeter: William Pollard. p. 116.
172:between 1762 and 1768. He offered
78:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
66:chairman of the East India Company
30:Sir George Colebrooke, 2nd Baronet
14:
441:Professor Henry Thomas Colebrooke
516:. Enfield: Meyers Brooks. p. 61.
327:borrowed £66,000 together from
669:The History of Parliament Trust
386:Between 1777-78, he retired to
665:The House of Commons 1754–1790
434:Harriet Colebrooke (1762–1785)
271:in 1768, and had interests in
151:, but switched support to the
1:
437:Louisa Colebrooke (born 1764)
425:George Colebrooke (1759–1809)
935:Baronetage of Great Britain
866:Parliament of Great Britain
651:Lucy S. Sutherland (1964).
422:Mary Colebrooke (born 1757)
196:Gatton House in Gatton Park
1069:
374:. The mansion was sold to
208:, Leadenhall Street (1766)
961:
948:
940:
933:
919:
883:
871:
864:
839:The Baronetage of England
556:– via Google Books.
188:Arnos Grove house in 1816
131:. Robert was Member for
64:who thrice served as the
993:Leiden University alumni
277:Colebrook, New Hampshire
123:His older brothers were
34:British House of Commons
965:James Edward Colebrooke
429:James Edward Colebrooke
176:to live on his estate.
157:creation of a baronetcy
108:around 1745, alongside
748:Econsoc.hist.cam.ac.uk
514:The Story of Southgate
455:References and sources
411:
313:Regulating Act of 1773
307:
209:
197:
189:
26:
1033:British MPs 1768–1774
1028:British MPs 1761–1768
1023:British MPs 1754–1761
837:and Richard Johnson,
776:British-history.ac.uk
719:Collections.soane.org
694:Collections.soane.org
409:
351:, buying up mines in
302:
242:Court of Common Pleas
203:
195:
187:
174:Jean Jacques Rousseau
166:Lordship of the Manor
104:. He was educated at
24:
1018:English slave owners
886:Member of Parliament
325:Paul Wentworth (spy)
317:Sir William Pulteney
512:Mason, Tom. (1947)
214:Threadneedle Street
153:Duke of Newcastle's
96:, the third son of
56:with close ties to
412:
321:Sir James Cockburn
308:
281:East India Company
218:borough of Arundel
210:
198:
190:
27:
1048:British merchants
1038:Colebrooke family
971:
970:
962:Succeeded by
920:Succeeded by
909:Lauchlin Macleane
894:1754–1774
739:Paul Kosmetatos.
657:Namier, Sir Lewis
493:Historyofbath.org
253:slave plantations
125:Robert Colebrooke
118:Arnos Grove house
114:Charles Townshend
106:Leiden University
70:slave plantations
62:Alexander Fordyce
1060:
944:James Colebrooke
941:Preceded by
872:Preceded by
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482:
473:
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388:Boulogne-sur-Mer
376:Sir Joseph Banks
206:East India House
170:Capability Brown
129:James Colebrooke
102:James Colebrooke
48:, he was also a
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1053:British bankers
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972:
967:
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953:
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893:
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841:(London, 1771)
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368:Bank of England
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5:
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927:George Newnham
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899:Thomas Griffin
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875:Theobald Taafe
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449:Emma Colebrook
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403:
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396:Bath, Somerset
383:
380:
361:crisis of 1772
343:, logwood and
329:Hope & Co.
296:
293:
222:pocket borough
181:
178:
137:rotten borough
116:. He acquired
85:
82:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
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2:
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835:Edward Kimber
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546:9781317579168
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539:. Routledge.
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204:Engraving of
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133:Maldon, Essex
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35:
31:
23:
19:
956:
949:
923:Thomas Brand
914:John Stewart
904:John Bristow
897:
884:
849:
838:
828:
827:
814:. Retrieved
810:
800:
791:
779:. Retrieved
775:
751:. Retrieved
747:
734:
722:. Retrieved
718:
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:
684:
672:. Retrieved
664:
661:Brooke, John
634:
628:
618:
615:Lewis Namier
613:Pages 52-2,
609:
599:
596:Lewis Namier
590:
578:. Retrieved
574:
550:. Retrieved
535:
513:
508:
496:. Retrieved
492:
468:
459:
458:
446:
413:
385:
365:
309:
285:
246:
238:chirographer
230:
226:Arundel's MP
211:
122:
87:
58:Robert Clive
29:
28:
18:
1043:Arnos Grove
988:1809 deaths
983:1729 births
955:(of Gatton)
879:Garton Orme
580:14 November
443:(1765–1837)
372:Soho Square
288:Robert Adam
273:New England
269:Ohio Valley
249:Lanarkshire
162:Gatton Park
110:John Wilkes
74:West Indies
50:stockjobber
977:Categories
959:1761–1809
916:1771–1774
715:"Drawings"
460:References
382:Later life
357:Lancashire
323:recruited
234:Rockingham
84:Early life
40:. Born in
911:1768–1771
906:1761–1768
901:1754–1761
594:Page 51,
575:Ucl.ac.uk
378:in 1779.
353:Yorkshire
816:20 March
811:BBC News
663:(eds.).
402:Marriage
392:Soissons
265:Dominica
164:and the
951:Baronet
890:Arundel
844:Johnson
829:Sources
781:27 June
753:27 June
724:27 June
699:27 June
674:27 June
552:27 June
498:27 June
416:Antigua
261:Grenada
257:Antigua
240:to the
100:banker
90:Chilham
72:in the
42:Chilham
38:Arundel
896:With:
543:
180:Career
145:Surrey
141:Gatton
98:London
744:(PDF)
655:. In
489:(PDF)
149:Whigs
127:and
54:nabob
888:for
818:2023
783:2022
755:2022
726:2022
701:2022
676:2022
582:2021
554:2022
541:ISBN
500:2022
355:and
349:alum
345:alum
341:lead
337:flax
333:hemp
319:and
304:Shah
295:1773
263:and
251:and
112:and
94:Kent
60:and
52:and
46:Kent
275:. (
255:in
143:in
80:.
979::
809:.
774:.
763:^
746:.
717:.
692:.
667:.
659:;
643:^
617:,
598:,
573:.
562:^
521:^
491:.
477:^
363:.
339:,
335:,
139:,
92:,
44:,
820:.
785:.
757:.
728:.
703:.
678:.
584:.
502:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
