633:: "To enterprise in that business is largely due the present architectural beauty of Low Harrogate". Between the lines of Richardson's (1892) summary of Dawson's character, is a hint of the tough business attitude of Dawson the working-class self-made man: "In a town noted for its building, no other individual had the courage to develop on the scale he set, to approach the high standards of architectural design and building construction he demanded, or the obstinacy to go against authority and popularity to pursue the course he knew was right". Dawson was a hands-on manager of his building works, and many who attended his funeral had been his employees. The minister at his funeral recognised this: " a man of extraordinary gifts with a palatial mind and great depth of tenderness as a person".
642:
657:
453:
286:
354:
482:
294:
437:
362:
580:
33:
258:. It was not until the 1871 Census that Dawson described himself as a builder. That year shows him and his family as lodgers in James Street, Bilton, having added two more children to the family: George Edward. (born 1862), and Mary Eva (born 1864). The 1881 Census finds Dawson and his wife lodging at Crown Wells House in Bilton, and Dawson is describing himself as a builder. By 1891 Martha Dawson is widowed, and is living with her daughter Mary Eva and her son in law in
504:, being one of Harrogate Council's first members. He remained an active alderman of the council until his last illness. He was chairman of the Highways Committee, and "other important committees". He was councillor for the West Ward of the town at the end of his life, his death leaving a vacancy. Not long before he died, the other town councillors were considering making him mayor, "and probably only the state of his health prevented him being elected to that office".
320:, running a store in Low Harrogate, and "through a mixture of hard work and obstinacy, he eventually earned enough to speculate as a builder". At some point between 1862 and 1865, he acquired the Ashfield House estate, which gave him opportunity to work on Lower Montpellier Parade, so his first business as an "enterprising" builder was the erection of Montpellier Parade, a terrace between Leicester House and Ashfield House. (Ashfield House is now occupied by
1830:
1130:
328:
Street including
Fattorini the Jeweller (1866–1868), numbers 3–29 Swan Road (1881–1886), and James Street including Ogden's jewellers, his residence Vanderbilt Court at 5 Victoria Avenue, 2–24 Crescent Road (Grosvenor Buildings), the wings of the Crown Hotel, the block facing Victoria Park and Princes Square, and the block next to the
599:
with Dawson's wife, children, brother, nephews, and nieces as chief mourners, and the townspeople walking behind. As was usual at that time, private houses along the route had their blinds drawn "in token of respect to the deceased". The last part of the funeral service was performed by a minister at
587:
Dawson's funeral took place on
Thursday, 28 February, and a "very large concourse of spectators" followed the hearse and the mourners. At midday, Dawson's tenants, and the tradespeople and robed Corporation of the town, met at the Crown Hotel in Low Harrogate and walked uphill together to Vanderbilt
421:
The Crown Hotel at that time was but a small building, and nowhere had Mr Dawson's enterprise more demonstration than in the development and improvement of the building, which is one of the most palatial in the town. In connection with the
Montpellier Estate built the Montpellier Room and otherwise
472:
called the
Montpellier Skating Rink at Montpellier Grounds, which was opened on 5 June 1876 by Dr Andrew Scott Myrtle. In 1877, though, he had difficulties with Frederick Issit, a prospective rink manager who had issues with alcohol. Dawson hired a different manager and sold the rink, but was taken
327:
In the course of his career Dawson "erected several handsome blocks of buildings", which included the
Britannia Buildings adjoining the Crown Estate, Prospect Crescent in James Street, Cambridge Crescent in Parliament Street, and "numerous others". Some of those others are buildings in Parliament
400:
In spite of his success as a developer, Dawson remained in hands-on control of his building business, including the careers of his apprentices. In 1882, apprentice Thomas
Pearson pretended that he was already "of age", i.e. 21 years old, so that his contract was legally at an end. However Dawson
463:
Dawson "improved the estate by altering the existing baths and almost entirely re-laying out the grounds". He sold the
Montpellier Estate, and bought it back again in 1884, built a Turkish bath there, and made improvement to the gardens. He then sold it to Harrogate Corporation, which came into
545:, he was well known as an earnest and practical preacher, his discourses ever being full of homely, gospel truth, and experience ... Though of late years he did not take upon himself the active labour which characterised his earlier life, he was nevertheless ever welcome in the
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completed a marble bust of Dawson, and possibly also of his wife. The bust of Dawson demonstrates that, even towards the end of his life, Dawson still sported "showy, elaborate whiskers", and he chose to model for the bust in his alderman's robe. The bust was shown at the
514:
in 1870, when Robert
Ackrill was chairman, and Dawson himself became chairman between 1887 and 1888. He was "one of the most active members of the Board, and had the chairmanship of most if not all of the committees". In the same year, he was elected to the Board of
625:
acknowledged that: "Perhaps nowhere in the town was Mr Dawson's indomitable enterprise more displayed than in the alteration of ; it has not only been made an ornament to the town, but an honour to the name of its energetic proprietor".
388:, similar to several others placed on local buildings of that time. When seen in late afternoon or early evening, with light from the setting sun illuminating its handsome frontage, Prospect Crescent takes on the appearance of a mini
566:
until the end of 1888. He was ill and unable to leave his bedroom for more than four months, and died on the morning of 22 February 1889 at his home, Vanderbilt Court, 5 Victoria Avenue. When Dawson died, the flag was lowered to
193:
of
Bristol, he built or expanded many large buildings in Harrogate. This included Prospect Crescent, Cambridge Crescent, the wings of the Crown hotel, and many blocks and large villas in the town. Alongside fellow developer
620:
said this: "To
Alderman Dawson, Harrogate owes much of the prestige it has gained for the character of the noble blocks of buildings which he has been instrumental in erecting". Hotels attracted rich visitors too, and the
213:, with modest origins. The Census describes the arc of his career with much reservation. His father was Charles Dawson, a labourer, and his mother was Rebeccah Dawson. He was born on 12 June 1821, in the village of
254:. Dawson had three more daughters and two sons with Martha, so that he had eight children altogether. By 1861, Dawson was still describing himself as a cooper, and he and his family were living at 1 James Street,
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452:
835:
188:
However, Dawson achieved his success by hard work, and the mansion only appeared towards the end of his life. Between the coopering and the mansion-building, and in a working partnership with architect
401:
checked his birth certificate and found that the lad was in fact 20 years old, and had another year to work his contract. Dawson applied for a court order, to get the lad back to work, and succeeded.
396:, a series of alterations to the ground-floor commercial premises destroyed all save one of the magnificently florid façades created by builder George Dawson and architect J.H. Hirst.
243:
1850) at 64 Towns Street, Kirkby Malzeard. They moved to Leeds where they had two more daughters, Emma Jane (born 1853), and Catherine Isabel (born 1857), then moved to Harrogate.
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The whole of Mr Dawson's buildings have been erected with a view to their durability; and for solidity and the imposing character of their frontage they have few compeers.
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in Oxford Street, where there were sittings enough for the large congregation. A "special service" was conducted by two ministers "during a violent thunderstorm".
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preacher for forty years. "He was once credited with manhandling a drunken member of his audience out of the hall". However he possibly mellowed in later years:
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in 1891, and then given to Harrogate Corporation. As of 2014 the bust was in the possession of Harrogate Borough Council, which also has a painting of Dawson.
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656:
269:
said of Dawson, "His brilliant business instinct made him a very rich man and it was with a nice sense of humour that he named his Victoria Avenue mansion
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possession of it on 7 January 1889. Thus Dawson's improvements of part of the Montpellier district of Harrogate became civic property. In response to a
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Dawson married twice and had eight children. After he died his second wife erected over his grave a large sculpture by Thomas Potts of Harrogate.
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tried to purchase Harrogate's Crown Hotel and the attached Montpellier Estate from Thomas Collins, but failed, and Dawson purchased both. The
324:
sweet shop). Around 1869, Dawson built a new pump room designed by J.H. Hirst, near the Montpellier Quarter, but it was demolished in 1954.
239:. The 1851 Census finds him describing himself as a cooper and grocer, living with Isabella and their one-year-old daughter Ann Eliza (born
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285:
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Historian Malcolm Neesam comments that, ", the Crown's Georgian wings were removed and replaced by Hirst with a powerful pair of
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1864:
677:
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It was architect John Henry Hirst who designed Dawson's buildings, but, Hirst being dead, Dawson received the credit from the
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596:
84:
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As a property developer of large, expensive houses, Dawson created employment and attracted the rich to the town. Thus, the
481:
293:
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361:
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Prospect Crescent, which overlooks the Low Harrogate Valley so impressively, is a massive pile of masonry with giant
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Dawson was a director of the Steam Laundry Company, and of the Knaresborough, Harrogate and Claro Building Society.
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672:
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649:
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329:
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Court in High Harrogate, where the coffin awaited. The cortège processed from the house in Victoria Avenue to the
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as in the class. During his lifetime he held at various periods all the offices which it was the power of the
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604:' family plot, at the southern end of the graveyard. The coffin "was of polished oak with brass mountings
601:
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195:
796:
Dr Andrew Scott Myrtle (c.1825–1907) was a surgeon who helped popularise the Harrogate spa waters. See
1854:
1849:
486:
274:
1198:
608:... covered with choice wreaths &c., and was carried by workmen in the employ of the deceased".
378:
317:
182:
32:
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744:
GRO index: Deaths Jun 1913 Dawson Martha 76 St.Geo.H.Sq 1a 487. Martha Dawson's dates are also on
443:
381:
166:
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1178:
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247:
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236:
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53:
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were completed between 1867 and 1889, aided by his working partnership with architect
1843:
1655:
508:
496:, Dawson was a "strong supporter" of local government. In April 1884, soon after the
210:
178:
978:"1861 England Census for 1 James Street, Bilton with Harrogate. RG9/3207, page 18"
384:, also in solid stone. Each extremity of the crescent is crowned with a tall roof
708:
GRO index: Marriages Sep 1848 Bonwell Isabella, and Dawson George Ripon XXIII 437
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393:
321:
251:
568:
389:
72:
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783:
The Montpellier Room is inside the Crown Hotel, and forms part of Dawson's
735:
GRO index: Marriages Jun 1860 Oram Martha, and Dawson George Clifton 6a 285
1829:
316:
Around 1855, Dawson arrived in Harrogate. He started out in the town as a
563:
501:
385:
374:
259:
174:
110:
887:
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198:, he helped to develop Harrogate into a town with impressive buildings.
949:"1851 England Census, Kirkby Malzeard, Yorkshire. HO/107/2281, page 15"
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GRO index: Deaths Mar 1889 Dawson George 67 Knaresbro' 9a 83. See also
497:
332:. He also built several villas in West End Park. Some of these are now
310:
468:
craze and some pressure from his second wife, Dawson built a circular
1620:
Neesam, Malcolm (2018). "10: Crown Hotel, 17th and 19th centuries.".
1175:
Wells & Swells, the golden age of Harrogate Spa, 1842-1923, vol.1
546:
1656:"Who needs ice? Roller skating in Victorian and Edwardian Harrogate"
595:
The cortège then processed across High Harrogate from the chapel to
250:
on 28 April 1860, was Martha Oram (20 May 1837 – 22 May 1913) from
246:
Dawson's second wife, whom he married in Portland Methodist Chapel,
972:
970:
430:
replacements that gave the building great character and nobility".
774:
GRO index: Deaths Sep 1882 Hirst John Henry 56 Barton Regis 6a 82a
655:
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1105:"1881 England Census, Crown Wells House, Bilton, a lodging house"
1079:"1871 England Census, Bilton with Harrogate.. RG10/4290. Page 12"
840:. Skelton-on-Ure, Yorkshire: HM Government. 1820–1821. p. 16
801:, 5 February 1887, "Death and funeral of Dr A. Myrtle", p.4 col.3
756:
GRO index: Births Sep 1862 Dawson George Edward Bedminster 5c 724
458:
The Crown Hotel following Dawson's and Hirst's 1870 extensions
336:, for example, 1–10 Prospect Crescent, and 2–6 Crescent Road.
1229:"Brown plaque on Vanderbilt Court, Harrogate: George Dawson"
717:
GRO index: Deaths Mar 1857 Dawson Isabella Knaresbro' 9a 84
1680:
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1264:
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1260:
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1250:
765:
GRO index: Births Dec 1864 Dawson Mary Eva Knaresbro 9a 101
185:, became a rich entrepreneur and built himself a mansion.
1787:. Harrogate, UK: Harrogate Borough Council. p. 46,48.
1785:
Facing the Future: sculpture from the Harrogate Collection
1390:"All those two freehold and newly-erected dwelling houses"
1131:"1892 England Census, West Ham, Essex, RG12/1333. Page 14"
224:
Dawson married twice. His first wife, whom he married in
1222:
1220:
726:
GRO index: Births Sep 1853 Dawson Emma Jane Leeds 9b 393
350:
Regarding Prospect Crescent, Malcolm Neesam says this:
1177:(1 ed.). Lancaster, England: Carnegie Publishing.
365:
Prospect Crescent in its intended context, before 1914
899:
Harrogate Advertiser and Weekly List of the Visitors
377:
running up the first and second storeys and several
1330:
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1326:
1324:
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392:. It is, however, a thousand pities that after the
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61:
39:
23:
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1755:"Mapping the practice and profession of sculpture"
1685:
1416:
1388:
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1471:"Harrogate conservation area character appraisal"
165:(12 June 1821 – 22 February 1889) was an English
530:Dawson was a "staunch" and "powerful" local lay
1778:
1776:
1477:. Harrogate Borough Council. 16 December 2010
671:During 1889, the last year of Dawson's life,
8:
1363:"Later History and Development of Harrogate"
1870:British real estate and property developers
1609:– via harrogatepeopleandplaces.info/.
1729:"Barry Alderman George Dawson (1821–1889)"
1213:– via harrogatepeopleandplaces.info.
837:North Yorkshire Church of England baptisms
177:. The son of a village labourer, he was a
94:Large gravestone sculpture by Thomas Potts
31:
20:
289:Ashfield house, far right, above Farrah's
1687:"Harrogate: funeral of Alderman Dawson"
827:
689:
583:Dawson's grave monument by Thomas Potts
500:was received, Dawson was elected as an
432:
1815:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1805:Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer
1717:. Harrogate, UK: Harrogate Advertiser.
1702:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1433:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1423:Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer
1405:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1395:Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer
1286:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1276:Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer
1067:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1057:Pateley Bridge & Nidderdale Herald
1020:– via British Newspaper Archive.
937:– via British Newspaper Archive.
909:– via British Newspaper Archive.
631:Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer
153:development of the Montpellier Quarter
16:English property developer (1821–1889)
1361:Harrogate Historical Society (2004).
813:Dawson's death date on his gravestone
7:
618:Pateley Bridge and Nidderdale Herald
415:Pateley Bridge and Nidderdale Herald
297:Vanderbilt Court, Dawson's residence
56:, North Riding of Yorkshire, England
1501:"1–10, Prospect Crescent (1315838)"
1336:"The heritage plaques of Harrogate"
1271:"The death of a Harrogate alderman"
1059:. 23 February 1889. p. 4 col.6
901:. 23 February 1889. p. 4 col.5
507:Dawson was elected a member of the
1807:. 12 October 1920. p. 8 col.5
1537:National Heritage List for England
1506:National Heritage List for England
1397:. 9 November 1867. p. 2 col.5
562:Dawson was an active employer and
405:Crown Hotel and Montpellier Estate
14:
1425:. 5 October 1867. p. 2 col.6
612:Obituaries and other observations
473:to court and had to pay damages.
301:Dawson's most important works of
131:Property development in Harrogate
1828:
1307:. The Stray Ferret. 3 April 2021
929:. 14 March 1857. p. 3 col.5
746:her and her husband's gravestone
451:
435:
1694:. 1 March 1889. p. 3 col.1
1278:. 1 March 1889. p. 5 col.5
787:1869 expansion of the building.
678:Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
228:in 1848, was Isabella Bonwell (
1715:Life and Work of George Dawson
1595:"Knaresborough Petty Sessions"
1532:"2–6, Crescent Road (1149475)"
1418:"Harrogate preliminary notice"
927:Richmond & Ripon Chronicle
85:Grove Road Cemetery, Harrogate
1:
1761:. University of Glasgow. 2023
1369:. Harrogate people and places
1367:harrogatepeopleandplaces.info
1012:. 5 May 1860. p. 8 col.5
784:
240:
229:
1654:Holman, Gavin (June 2021).
1173:Neesam, Malcolm G. (2022).
571:, on the Council offices.
1891:
1451:. Ogden of Harrogate. 2023
1227:Budby (8 September 2012).
1052:"Death of Alderman Dawson"
1005:"Marriages, miscellaneous"
894:"Death of Alderman Dawson"
673:William John Seward Webber
442:The Crown Hotel following
1713:Richardson, Bill (1892).
1623:Harrogate in 50 Buildings
1564:Harrogate in 50 Buildings
1342:. Harrogate Civic Society
517:Improvement Commissioners
411:Improvement Commissioners
275:famous American financier
219:North Riding of Yorkshire
30:
1800:"Harrogate Town Council"
1558:Neesam, Malcolm (2018).
498:Charter of Incorporation
357:Prospect Crescent (left)
1835:George Dawson (builder)
1626:. Amberley Publishing.
1566:. Amberley Publishing.
1560:"22. Prospect Crescent"
1137:. H.M. Government. 1891
1111:. H.M. Government. 1881
1085:. H.M. Government. 1871
984:. H.M. Government. 1861
955:. H.M. Government. 1851
600:the graveside, near to
1865:British businesspeople
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1860:People from Harrogate
1837:at Wikimedia Commons
1783:Compton, Ann (2014).
1298:"Montpellier Quarter"
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512:Local board of health
484:
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235:– 5 March 1857) from
106:Builder and developer
1599:Harrogate Advertiser
1449:ogdenharrogate.co.uk
1340:harrogateplaques.org
1305:thestrayferret.co.uk
623:Harrogate Advertiser
422:improved the estate.
343:Harrogate Advertiser
303:property development
1875:Aldermen in England
1759:sculpture.gla.ac.uk
696:Dawson's dates are
637:Portraits of Dawson
597:Grove Road Cemetery
470:roller-skating rink
428:Italian Renaissance
1445:"Ogden, Harrogate"
1109:www.ancestry.co.uk
799:Knaresborough Post
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171:property developer
147:Cambridge Crescent
1833:Media related to
1601:. 4 February 1882
698:on his gravestone
417:tells the story:
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256:Bilton, Harrogate
181:who started as a
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144:Prospect Crescent
120:Years active
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307:John Henry Hirst
271:Vanderbilt Court
248:Clifton, Bristol
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150:Vanderbilt Court
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123:1855–1888
91:Monuments
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1735:. Art UK
1235:. Flickr
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