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Cambodia and the Kent State killings also helped Brown. Brown made
Vietnam and Richard Nixon the focus of his campaign while Tunney toed a middle ground. As Brown edged ahead in the polls, the campaign turned nasty. Tunney falsely claimed that Brown advocated campus violence and was a liberal rogue who could not be trusted in the Senate. The normally-laidback Brown then lashed out at Tunney, calling him a spoiled little rich kid. Tunney then touted his anti-war record, which Brown said was merely political grandstanding. Tunney used a late spending spree on television ads and after a hard-fought nasty campaign, Brown narrowly lost the primary. After the bitter primary, Tunney trailed Murphy in the polls by double digits but quickly made up ground and defeated Murphy handily in the general election.
574:. Brown was a strong opponent of the expansion of the conflict and joined a Quaker protest on the steps of the Capitol in 1965, daring police to arrest him with the other anti-war protestors. He was a lone and steady voice and vote against the war. The Fiscal Year 1966 Department of Defense Appropriations Bill passed the House of Representatives 392–1, with Brown the sole dissenting vote. On February 26, 1966, the Foreign Aid Bill, with its provisions of support for the South Vietnamese government, passed the House 350–27, with Brown the only liberal voting "No" (the other 26 votes were conservatives opposed to foreign aid). In March 1966, the fiscal year 1966 Supplemental Appropriations Bill with funding for Vietnam passed the House 393–4, with Brown joined by Representatives
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and private sectors to improve the nation's competitiveness. Such successes and his continuing concern to demonstrate the practical application of advances in science and technology, he instituted the first video conferences in the U.S. Congress between the US and the Soviet Union/Russia, between 1987 and 1990. During these live teleconferences, Members of the House
Science and Technology Committee exchanged ideas on science and technology via satellite with counterparts from the Commonwealth of Independent States. This series of broadcasts, hosted by Peter Jennings, won an Emmy for technical achievement.
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Congress easily top 60% in their races.) Brown topped the 55% mark only eight times in his 18 congressional elections and 60% only three times. He was nearly defeated in numerous elections starting with his first in 1962 for congressional district 29 with 55.7% of the vote. He would then earn 58.6%, 51.1%, and 52.3% in 1964, 1966, and 1968 respectively before he ran for the US Senate. In 1972, he returned to
Congress by winning 56% of the vote in the Thirty-eighth district. He would then have his three easiest campaigns by winning 62.6% in 1974, 61.6% in 1976, and 62.9% in 1978. In 1980, the
671:, from an infection developed following heart valve replacement surgery in May of that year while he was serving his 18th term in the House. The heart valve was damaged by scarlet fever in his youth. At the time of his death, Brown was the ranking Democratic member on the House Science Committee and a senior member of the House Agriculture Committee. He was the oldest serving House member and the longest-serving member of the House or Senate in the history of his home state of California. The Democrat
487:, in 1938. The UCHA was formed in part to allow African American students to live off campus in the Westwood section of Los Angeles, which then did not allow them in the neighborhood. To emphasize the point, Brown took an African American roommate in the first interracial housing arrangement at UCLA. The experience was also the first example of Brown's lifelong association with cooperatives.
1012:"English: President Lyndon B. Johnson at the signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act. White House East Room. People watching include Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Senator Hubert Humphrey, First Lady "Lady Bird" Johnson, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., F.B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover, Speaker of the House John McCormack. Television cameras are broadcasting the ceremony"
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Consistent with his long-held conviction that the nation needed a coherent technology policy, Brown developed an extensive technology initiative during his term as
Chairman of the House Science and Technology Committee (1991-1995). This work articulated his concept of a partnership between the public
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and like McCarthy in 1968, he ran a grass roots campaign. While Tunney stayed in the center-right of the political spectrum, Brown ran unabashedly to the left. Suddenly young voters flocked to the older Brown, and what seemed like an easy nomination for Tunney turned into a dogfight. The invasion of
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Brown was critical of government secrecy over-reach and sought and gained a seat on the House
Intelligence Committee. He pressed for a relaxation of secrecy restrictions on remote sensing satellites, seeing a great potential commercial market in remote sensing. His work eventually brought him into
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entered the race early and painted himself as a young, charismatic and energetic "Kennedy-esque" candidate, as opposed to the older, established Murphy. However, Brown also entered the race in 1969 though with little money, organization, or, most felt, chance to win. What ensued was one of the most
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from 1959 to 1963. His service in the state legislature was marked by a number of innovative legislative proposals. The George Brown Act of 1961 was one of the first comprehensive public employee labor relations laws in the nation. Other legislative proposals included some of the first bills to ban
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investigative team to
Central America to expose the use of U.S. taxpayer dollars for the construction of export processing zones in which workers were being grossly mistreated and denied their fundamental human rights as they made apparel and other consumer products exported back to the U.S. His
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landslide almost forced him from office, and he struggled to hold on with 52.5% against
Republican John Paul Stark. It was the first of four consecutive elections against Stark, another modern-era record. Brown would triumph with 54% in 1982 and would garner 56.6% in 1984, 57% in 1986, and 54% in
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Being a progressive
Democrat from a largely-Republican area, Brown was famous for running in more close elections than any other representatives in the 20th century without being defeated. (A close election is considered by most pundits to be 55% of the vote or less, as most incumbent members of
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Brown's activism on behalf of civil rights continued during his term as mayor, as was evidenced by a report that when the first
African American family moved to Monterey Park and met with racist protests, Brown drove to the family's home, where he spent the night to protect them.
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The 1970 reapportionment added five new districts to
California, and in 1972, Brown sought election to the redistricted 38th congressional district and won. He was elected to the Ninety-third and to the 13 succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1973 – July 15, 1999).
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held him to 50.7%. The 1996 race was even closer, as he barely defeated San Bernardino County Superior Court Judge Linda Wilde with 50.5%, winning by a plurality of only 996 votes. In his final re-election campaign in 1998, he came up with 55% of the vote.
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494:, an action that offended Brown so much that he helped organize protests in Los Angeles in 1942. Brown's college education was interrupted by the draft, but as a Quaker, he had registered as a conscientious objector, and in 1942, he entered the
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bitter primary elections in California history. Brown touted his long standing opposition to U.S. involvement in Vietnam, and while Tunney also stated he opposed the war, he favored keeping the draft while Brown opposed it. Brown's mentor was
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investigation and expose surfaced in the 1992 presidential election campaign and also resulted in the Congress immediately cutting off the use of any taxpayer funds for the development of such export zones (EPZs) anywhere outside of the U.S.
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Brown was known as a champion for science. He left behind a deep and expansive legacy that has shaped science and science policy in America. Among some of his many accomplishments during his service on the House Science Committee:
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502:. During his service at Camp 21, Brown realized that he could not change the broader society while he was isolated in Civilian Public Service and rescinded his conscientious objector status in 1944, entering the
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Because of his commitment to science, Brown was honored by several science and policy related organizations and had laboratories, awards, libraries and bills named in his honor, including:
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471:, and was one of four children of George Edward Brown and Bird Alma Kilgore. Brown graduated from Holtville Union High School in 1935 and attended Central Junior College (now
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593:. Brown was a strong and early advocate of the legislation and was present at the signing of the bill. Brown also actively supported the farmworker organizing of
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Once the war ended, he returned to college, finishing his education at UCLA, where he graduated with a BS degree in Industrial Physics in 1946.
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Following his defeat by Tunney in the California Senate race, Brown was awarded a Ford Foundation Fellowship and studied for a time with
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1144:"George E. Brown, Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse | Central District of California | United States District Court"
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In the 102nd and the 103rd Congresses, he served as chairman of the Committee on Science, Space and Technology, which is now the
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region from 1973 until his death in 1999. He briefly left office after unsuccessfully running for United States Senate in 1970.
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lead in gasoline, ban the use of the pesticide DDT, and even a whimsical proposal to ban the internal combustion engine.
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On July 15, 1999, Brown died of an infection following heart valve replacement surgery, at Bethesda Naval Hospital in
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The U.S. Government and the Vietnam War: Executive and Legislative Roles and Relationships: July 1965-January 1968
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He also was a staunch defender of civil liberties and human rights. In 1992, for example, he led a
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conflict with the intelligence community and he eventually resigned from the committee in protest.
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as an instructor and rising to the rank of lieutenant by the time of his discharge in 1946.
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Brown continued his political activism by invigorating the Monterey Park Democratic Club.
479:(UCLA), where he became head of the UCLA Student Housing Association and helped found the
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Colloquium on Science and Technology Policy, held April 29 – May 1, 1998, Washington DC
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was considered vulnerable and was a top target of the Democratic Party. Representative
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
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Brown was involved in other major national policy changes, notably the passage of the
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The George E. Brown, Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse, housing the
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Supervisor Rob Hammock, a sign of tough elections to come. In 1992, the famed pilot
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The Politics of Exclusion: The Failure of Race-Neutral Policies in Urban America
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Chairs of the United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
1027:"A CONVERSATION WITH: GEORGE E. BROWN JR.; The Congressman Who Loved Science"
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Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector: the Experience of Eight States
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in engineering and personnel. In 1958, he became a management consultant.
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Established the first federal climate change research program in the
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Brown's Congressional service coincided with the early phases of the
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List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)
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United States District Court for the Central District of California
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Brown's previous wife was Rowena Ruth Brown, who died in 1987.
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A portrait of George Brown Jr. standing on the surface of the
539:, and served until 1958. In 1956, Brown became the mayor of
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George Brown Award for International Scientific Cooperation
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H.R. 1022: George E. Brown Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act
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In 1962, Brown won the election and became a member of the
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In 1954, Brown was elected as a member of city council of
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Democratic Party members of the California State Assembly
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Brown's wife was Marta Macias. They had two children.
1176:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
648:1988. In 1990 he slipped to a meager 52.7% against
490:Shortly after the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor,
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667:Brown died on July 15, 1999, at the age of 79 in
1124:"Late Rep. Brown's papers to be archived at UCR"
492:Japanese Americans were sent to internment camps
439:(March 6, 1920 – July 15, 1999) was an American
675:was elected to his seat in a special election.
702:first congressional hearings on Climate Change
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984:Gibbons, William Conrad (December 27, 1995).
842:Brown's archive of papers was donated to the
818:Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
521:For 12 years, he was employed by the city of
8:
2632:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
2587:United States Army personnel of World War II
1332:U.S. House of Representatives
1297:U.S. House of Representatives
1262:U.S. House of Representatives
1227:U.S. House of Representatives
1192:The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives
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481:University Cooperative Housing Association
126:January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1971
67:January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1995
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601:1970 California Senate Democratic Primary
1338:California's 42nd congressional district
1303:California's 36th congressional district
1268:California's 38th congressional district
1233:California's 29th congressional district
172:January 3, 1973 – July 15, 1999
878:
715:Office of Science and Technology Policy
2612:Members of the Civilian Public Service
916:Saito, Leland T. (December 27, 2009).
560:United States House of Representatives
453:United States House of Representatives
447:. He represented suburban portions of
2622:People from Monterey Park, California
562:, where he served from 1963 to 1970.
477:University of California, Los Angeles
337:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
892:"Mayors of Monterey Park, 1937-2001"
709:National Climate Program Act of 1978
2647:20th-century California politicians
844:University of California, Riverside
826:(which was rolled into S.1281, the
455:from 1963 to 1971 and parts of the
2642:Military personnel from California
1308:January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1993
1273:January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975
1238:January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1971
1122:Hughes, Wesley G. (May 25, 2010).
1103:"Obituaries – The Washington Post"
633:Intercultural Documentation Center
25:
2617:20th-century American legislators
1553:Kentucky House of Representatives
1025:Dreifus, Claudia (9 March 1999).
597:and the mid-1960s grape boycott.
244:January 5, 1959 – January 3, 1963
2637:American conscientious objectors
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1343:January 3, 1993 – July 15, 1999
1065:"The Russian (Media) Revolution"
402:
2592:California city council members
727:Office of Technology Assessment
721:Environmental Protection Agency
475:) in 1938. He then entered the
27:American politician (1920–1999)
2597:Mayors of places in California
1182:William D. Carey Award Lecture
990:. Princeton University Press.
828:NASA Authorization Act of 2005
725:Established the (now defunct)
1:
1330:Member of the
1295:Member of the
1260:Member of the
1225:Member of the
1210:U.S. House of Representatives
1184:delivered at the 23rd Annual
960:"George Brown Jr's Biography"
922:. Stanford University Press.
803:National Academies of Science
527:Department of Water and Power
109:U.S. House of Representatives
605:In 1970, Republican Senator
416:, speaks on funding for the
2627:United States Army officers
792:George E. Brown Jr. Library
566:Early Congressional service
485:student housing cooperative
418:National Science Foundation
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662:House Committee on Science
2539:Kentucky General Assembly
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1000:– via Google Books.
932:– via Google Books.
857:, is named in his honor.
761:Monterey Park, California
759:In 1950s, Brown lived in
635:at Cuernavaca in Mexico.
552:California State Assembly
541:Monterey Park, California
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225:California State Assembly
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2556:List of past Assemblies
1374:House Science Committee
853:, Eastern Division, in
550:He was a member of the
496:Civilian Public Service
473:Imperial Valley College
437:George Edward Brown Jr.
414:House Science Committee
412:Brown, as chair of the
398:George Brown Jr's voice
284:George Edward Brown Jr.
55:House Science Committee
2461:Ashley Tackett Laferty
2002:Beverly Chester-Burton
896:politicalgraveyard.com
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2335:Deanna Frazier Gordon
2065:Michael Sarge Pollock
1148:www.cacd.uscourts.gov
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650:San Bernardino County
469:Holtville, California
366:Years of service
297:Holtville, California
2182:Kimberly Poore Moser
1033:. The New York Times
421:Recorded May 4, 1994
18:George E. Brown, Jr.
1244:George E. Danielson
1108:The Washington Post
1091:. 20 November 1987.
808:George E. Brown Jr.
150:George E. Danielson
2398:Cherlynn Stevenson
1356:Political offices
1289:William M. Ketchum
1279:Jerry M. Patterson
1129:San Bernardino Sun
1031:The New York Times
813:2011-07-27 at the
797:2007-12-01 at the
768:Bethesda, Maryland
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679:Legislative record
669:Bethesda, Maryland
623:Return to Congress
504:United States Army
467:Brown was born in
449:Los Angeles County
360:United States Army
314:Bethesda, Maryland
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1867:Kevin D. Bratcher
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1381:Succeeded by
1346:Succeeded by
1311:Succeeded by
1276:Succeeded by
1241:Succeeded by
1219:Dalip Singh Saund
1088:Los Angeles Times
704:(May 18–27, 1976)
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137:Dalip Singh Saund
16:(Redirected from
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713:Established the
591:Civil Rights Act
443:politician from
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377:First Lieutenant
343:Military service
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1593:Minority Leader
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53:Chair of the
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38:
31:
19:
2479:Bobby McCool
2434:John Blanton
2425:Billy Wesley
2407:Timmy Truett
2389:Adam Bowling
2362:Chris Fugate
2254:Matthew Koch
2083:James Tipton
2074:Ken Upchurch
1957:Matt Lockett
1948:Rachel Roarx
1930:John Hodgson
1921:Lisa Willner
1885:Susan Witten
1858:Jared Bauman
1750:Jason Petrie
1573:
1460:
1387:Pennsylvania
1372:Chairman of
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1151:. Retrieved
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508:World War II
489:
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386:World War II
382:Battles/wars
309:(1999-07-15)
260:Succeeded by
254:Don Anderson
239:
201:Constituency
190:Succeeded by
182:
167:
156:Constituency
145:Succeeded by
121:
95:Succeeded by
62:
2582:1999 deaths
2577:1920 births
2506:Scott Sharp
2416:Derek Lewis
2371:Shane Baker
2344:Nick Wilson
2326:David Meade
2263:Ryan Dotson
2227:Steven Doan
2218:Mike Clines
2047:Thomas Huff
2038:Ken Fleming
1903:Jason Nemes
1813:Steve Riley
1732:Scott Lewis
1615:Steven Rudy
1588:Steven Rudy
1579:David Meade
1574:pro tempore
1314:Jane Harman
1197:Appearances
837:CRDF Global
629:Ivan Illich
572:Vietnam War
523:Los Angeles
250:Preceded by
178:Preceded by
132:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
2571:Categories
2533:Democratic
2524:Republican
2272:David Hale
1849:Nancy Tate
1723:DJ Johnson
1378:1991–1995
1367:New Jersey
1153:2018-07-30
1083:"Archives"
997:0691006350
964:Vote Smart
873:References
788:Laboratory
742:60 Minutes
654:Dick Rutan
483:(UHCA), a
463:Early life
445:California
441:Democratic
348:Allegiance
332:Alma mater
325:Democratic
290:1920-03-06
114:California
2380:Tom Smith
2317:Chad Aull
2308:Mark Hart
2245:Josh Bray
2173:Kim Banta
2020:Al Gentry
1171:Biography
855:Riverside
369:1944-1946
240:In office
229:from the
217:(1993–99)
212:(1975–93)
207:(1973–75)
168:In office
122:In office
76:Tom Foley
63:In office
2101:Kim King
1572:Speaker
1476:Boehlert
1349:Joe Baca
969:June 27,
901:June 27,
861:See also
811:Archived
795:Archived
786:Salinity
673:Joe Baca
233:district
195:Joe Baca
1563:Speaker
1496:Johnson
1173:at the
631:at his
580:Conyers
525:in the
451:in the
72:Speaker
2549:Senate
1481:Gordon
1466:Walker
1446:Teague
1441:Miller
1436:Brooks
1335:from
1300:from
1265:from
1230:from
1201:C-SPAN
1037:1 June
994:
926:
820:(NEES)
774:Legacy
582:, and
576:Burton
517:Career
316:, U.S.
299:, U.S.
2544:House
1501:Lucas
1491:Smith
1461:Brown
1451:Fuqua
1069:Wired
112:from
2535:(20)
2526:(80)
1486:Hall
1186:AAAS
1039:2016
992:ISBN
971:2020
924:ISBN
903:2020
689:Moon
584:Ryan
374:Rank
304:Died
280:Born
231:45th
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2013:(R)
2004:(D)
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1456:Roe
1199:on
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951:^
894:.
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1963:▌
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1936:▌
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292:)
288:(
20:)
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