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73:; his mother was an alcoholic and part-time prostitute, and during much of his youth he was maltreated. To earn money he would sing for pennies on street corners, before he joined a singing duo in his teens. He began to develop his own act during the 1890s and built up a following in Lancashire. He also developed a series of stage characters, including that of "John Willie", which is described by the cultural historian Jeffrey Richards as "the archetypal gormless Lancashire lad ... hen-pecked, accident-prone, but muddling through." Formby also had a successful recording career and made the transition from music hall to
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354:. He was one of the few performers who had no difficulties recording clearly with the primitive equipment, and he performed in a relaxed fashion for an invisible audience. He would sing his song and then talk to the listener using a variant of his normal stage patter. Some of those songs, such as "Playing the Game out West" and "Since I Parted my Hair in the Middle" have been identified by Dave Russell, the social historian, as "clever depictions of a provincial innocent let lose [
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derived from
Methodist hymns, and with catchy choruses", and he would chat to the orchestra conductor and front rows, punctuating his stage patter—delivered in a deadpan style—with his cough. He used his health—particularly the coughing—as part of his act, and would say that he was "Coughin' well tonight!" He also created the phrase "It's not the cough that carries you off – it's the coffin they carries you off in!" One of Formby's nicknames, "The
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145:; six months after the birth of their son, the couple married, both aged about 19. Sarah worked as a prostitute; she was small, around 4 feet (1.2 m) tall, and sang in pubs in exchange for alcoholic drinks. She was convicted 140 times for offences that included theft, prostitution, drunkenness and brawling. The marriage was turbulent, and Formby was often neglected, mistreated and suffered
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rights. He was billed as J.H. Booth until 1897, when he changed his stage name to George Formby. Although rumoured to have picked his new surname after seeing it as a destination on a railway carriage, the main sources agree this story is likely to be apocryphal. The origin of the Formby name is more likely to have been a suggestion from Dennis Clarke, the manager of the
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434:; it was his only film appearance, and little is known about the plot or his character. When the First World War broke out in August that year, he tried to enlist, but was turned down on medical grounds; instead he, like many music hall stars, was active in the recruiting campaign for the army and spoke at rallies, particularly on behalf of the
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behind the conductor sat the royal party, and it looked to some that Formby was speaking disrespectfully to them. The king understood to whom Formby was talking, however, and afterwards presented him with a tiepin. In
October Formby appeared in his second Royal Command Performance of the year, in a charity show organised by the French actress
372:, in which the reporter opined that Formby "becomes more of an artist the longer he sings". Later that year Formby recorded what would become his most famous song, "Standing at the Corner of the Street", which he also co-wrote. By 1913 his record sales were strong enough for him to negotiate a new recording contract worth £300 a year.
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Six weeks after Formby's death, his son George first appeared on stage in a copy of his father's act; he initially appeared under the name George Hoy—using his mother's maiden name—but soon took his father's stage name. Formby Jr later went on to become the top
British male star in box office takings
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Palladium took court action against him for failing to fulfil a theatrical engagement as contracted, whereupon his lawyer said that Formby was dying of the lung disease and was working for the short time he had left for the benefit of his large family. Formby lost the case: his plea of ill-health was
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Formby was always worried that his son George would watch him on stage, as he did not wish the boy to become a comic, saying "one fool in the family is enough". Nevertheless, although he had sent George away to train as a jockey, in 1915 he allowed his son to appear on screen, taking the lead part of
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states that Formby was "possessed of staggering consumptive virility", as the comedian also had several children with other partners. Eliza became an important figure in Formby's professional life, making his costumes and standing in the wings during his performances to help him. Eliza also continued
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Formby began to develop his own stage act during the 1890s, and built a large fan base in
Lancashire. He devised several characters with their own costumes, and composed a series of comic songs. By 1896 his assignment book records that he was buying and collecting comic songs and securing the singing
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Details—including dates—for Formby's activities are scant: his biographers, Sue Smart and
Richard Bothway Howard, write that "little is known about the period between 1884 and 1892"; many of the stories Formby related later in life are contradicted by extant records. One of Formby's claims was that
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in the 1920–21 pantomime season. Formby was advised by doctors to emigrate to South Africa for the benefit of his health, but he preferred to stay in
Britain, with his wife and children, and continued to work. During his performances his wife would wait in the wings with ice for him to suck to stop
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builder. He supplemented his wages by singing in pubs, alehouses and free-and-easies, the last being places where informal arrangements were made for patrons to provide their own entertainment. Around this time he joined up with another boy to form an act, "the
Glenray Brothers" (also "the Glen Ray
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Formby was the first comic to use a delayed entrance as a joke to make the audience laugh before he arrived: his orchestra played his entrance music, and then he failed to appear on stage. His act included songs, described by Smart and
Bothway Howard as "characteristically simple, some with tunes
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reported that Formby's "broad humour succeeded with unexpected ease, and their
Majesties praised him very highly after the performance." Formby was embarrassed by his performance. His usual act partly consisted of a running patter with the orchestra conductor, which he again did on this occasion;
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describes Willie as "the archetypal gormless
Lancashire lad in baggy trousers, tight jacket, and bowler hat, slow-talking, hen-pecked, accident-prone, but muddling through." His costume included ill-fitting clothes, large boots worn on the wrong feet, and a variety of hats; he would often carry a
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When he performed in London, Formby would change his act, introducing himself as "Good evening, I'm Formby fra' Wigan ... I've not been in England long"; he slightly modified his stage persona, and he played "the naïve boy trying to fit in with the sophisticated south". Smart and Boothroyd
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shows that she was still living with her parents. The marriage does not appear to have been successful, but according to Formby's biographers, Sue Smart and Richard Bothway Howard, there is no evidence of a divorce between the couple and no information relating to when the couple separated.
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For much of January and February 1908 Formby appeared in various London music halls for which he received £20 a week. The following year, and staying in the capital, he played three halls a night in exchange for £45 a week. One such venue was the Tivoli with Lloyd and
342:, he gained his sight during a violent coughing fit or sneeze when he was a few months old. Over the course of 1904 Formby purchased the singing rights to 57 songs, more than his normal annual number of between 10 and 20; the average cost of his songs was around a
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and Ray Seaton, two of Formby Jr's biographers. In his examination of British screen stars, Geoffrey Macnab agrees, and identifies that although Formby's jokes were about himself, "there was grit in the routines, a resolute denial of self-pity".
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commented, "There cannot be many people who have not heard at some time in their lives either the words or the refrain of 'John Willie – Come On', 'One of the Boys', 'I was Standing on the Corner of the Street', or 'Playing the Game in the
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In October 1922 a large marble memorial was unveiled at the site of Formby's grave, in the presence of Formby Jr, Eliza and a large crowd. The memorial later became the resting place for both the younger Formby and Eliza. In June 2012 a
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a week. In 1898, while performing at the Wigan Empire as part of the tour, Formby met Eliza Hoy, the daughter of the Empire's cashier. The couple married in August the following year at Wigan Registry Office, although this marriage was
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His art seemed absolutely guileless and childish, in the vein of the Hatter's madness, but there was method in it—that wonderful form of humour which the Londoner appreciates, but cannot imitate. It was racial of the Lancastrian soil.
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Chaplin, who derived some of his stage persona from Formby's, sailed in 1908 with Karno's troupe to the United States, where he developed the character of the Tramp, the image of which became universally familiar by 1915.
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consider that "the contrast between his northern accent and metropolitan bravado was humorous, and the more urbane and sophisticated his audience the more George exaggerated his provincial gormlessness".
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when he collapsed after a show. He returned to his home near Warrington, where he died of pulmonary tuberculosis on 8 February, at the age of 45. He was buried in a family plot in the Catholic section of
123:"Mine is not an isolated story of the stage. Which of the 'bhoys', I wonder, can say they never knew days of privation and distress? But which of them, I wonder, can tell a more pathetic story than I?"
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and was unable to work for a month. He was taken ill during the runs of pantomimes in both 1918 and 1919, was forced to rest for three months in 1919, and collapsed on stage during a performance in
452:. After the filming, Formby sent his son to Ireland, to continue his jockey training, and also sent the five horses Formby had purchased that year, which joined others he had previously bought.
141:, on 4 October 1875. He was the illegitimate and only child of Sarah Jane Booth (c. 1856–1912), a poor, illiterate cotton weaver. His father, Francis Lawler, a coal miner, was not named on the
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One of the earliest characters Formby developed was "John Willie". Baz Kershaw, the professor of theatre, described the character as Formby's "onstage alter ego", while the cultural historian
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Sources disagree on Eliza's age. Bret states she was 21; Smart and Bothway Howard put her at 19. The Formby memorial, including her grave, states that she "Died July 1981, Aged 102 Years".
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Much of Formby's humour was based in his north western roots, particularly Wigan, which he told people was where he was born, rather than Ashton. He would refer to taking his holidays at
272:, which helped her parents overcome their initial distrust of him. Formby and Eliza had thirteen children, of whom seven survived: four daughters and three sons. The cultural historian
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Formby left formal education at the age of eight or nine, and did not learn to read until well into his teenage years. To earn money for the household, he sang on street corners for
149:. Because Sarah was frequently absent from home, and often detained overnight at the local police station, Formby was regularly forced to sleep outside. As a result he developed
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thought that "some of it seemed to have strayed in by mistake out of a second-rate provincial pantomime". Formby returned within a week and the reviews were more positive, with
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His health had always been poor, but a stage accident in 1916 weakened Formby's lungs, and he suffered increasingly for the next few years, reducing his ability to perform.
289:, to appear for £3 a week; Granville subsequently became Formby's London agent. Eliza Formby later recounted that Belle Elmore, the wife (and later victim) of the murderer
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examined the performer's style of humour, and considered it "often crude, and always simple, but it was always true humour, and, what is more, it was invariably clean."
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as the headline acts. When not performing in London, Formby continued to tour the provincial music halls. In 1910 he again appeared at the Tivoli, and was reviewed in
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The damage to Formby's lungs from the accident was exacerbated by tuberculosis, and he began to miss an increasing number of his appearances. In 1917 the
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Formby was not alone in developing a chest complaint: the mortality rate from bronchitis was 20% higher in the north west than the rest of the country.
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Formby Jr played a stable boy who outwits a gang of villains and wins a £10,000 prize when he comes first in a horse race. The film is now considered
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Wilkes, Roger (19 May 2001). "Beryldene: The death of George Formby's wife freed him from a loveless marriage, but new-found bliss was brief".
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In 1902 Formby performed for the first time in London, when he was booked by Ted Granville, the proprietor of the Royal Albert Music Hall in
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stereotypes, and he was popular around Britain. His nickname, "The Wigan Nightingale", was coined because of the way he would use his
754:. Official census records, however, show that in 1891 he was still living with his mother, his father having died the previous year.
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before recovering. Although he was the lead in the show, the premiere took place without him; it was criticised by reviewers, and
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later used Formby's humorous concept of "Wigan Pier" in the title of his 1937 study of depression and unemployment in the area,
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Formby's weekly salary of £35 in 1906 is approximately £3,000 in 2014; the £325 weekly salary in 1920 is approximately £15,000.
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considered him a great comedian, made all the greater by his continuing to perform through his illness, while the drama critic
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because of his union two years previously with Salter. In the months after their marriage, Eliza persuaded Formby to join the
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54:; 4 October 1875 – 8 February 1921) was an English comedian and singer in musical theatre, known as one of the greatest
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is now one of the liveliest revues in London, and the most spectacular". By August the production had transferred to the
157:. In his later years he recalled that his "childhood was the most miserable as ever fell to the lot of a human creature".
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319:, who gave the comedian a ten-week run. Robey was also impressed, and in 1905 he recommended Formby as the lead in a
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called him "Lancashire's accredited representative on the London variety stage ... clown-satirist of genius".
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In 1897 Formby met Martha Maria Salter, a 20-year-old music hall performer, and they married in her home town of
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Formby's career received a further boost in July 1913 when he was one of seven acts to appear before
108:; Formby Jr went on to become the top British male star in box office takings between 1937 and 1943.
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311:, the influential music hall singer and actress, said that she would only watch two acts: his and
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working as a seamstress and would sell chips during lunchtimes to supplement the family's income.
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music hall, where he was immediately successful, and became "an idol of the town", according to
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It's Turned Out Nice Again!: The Authorized Biography of the Two George Formbys, Father and Son
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as one of the comedic drivers, "but it was not contrived and was never mawkish", according to
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Brothers"), which was profitable enough to have a manager; the act continued until Formby's
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228:'s troupe; Chaplin also incorporated Formby's cane twirl and duck-like walk into his act.
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Although he was keen to undertake further film work a later project never transpired.
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in Newcastle at a salary of £35 a week. He was able to command £325 a week by 1920.
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in 1921 at the age of 45. Formby's act, and one of his costumes and canes, inspired
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Nightingale" was coined because of the way he used his bronchial cough in his act.
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Images of England Through Popular Music: Class, Youth and Rock 'n' Roll, 1955–1976
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at the age of 33. Formby secured a job at a cotton mill and spent two years as a
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1364:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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After the Formbys had lost three daughters to early deaths, their first son,
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The Working-class Intellectual in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century Britain
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he ran away from home when he was seven and worked in a steel foundry near
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Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895–1960: On the Halls on the Screen
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in Birkenhead, while George was chosen in honour of the music hall star
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Williams, Jennifer (4 June 2012). "By George! A Plaque to Formby Snr".
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Formby, George (25 November 1911). "My Life When Singing for Coppers".
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compromised by his accepting an engagement elsewhere at the same time.
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in 1999; and Sue Smart and Richard Bothway Howard who, in 2011, wrote
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between 1937 and 1943, and the highest-paid entertainer in Britain.
712:", songs described by Fisher as "afizz with gaiety and champagne".
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In 1897 or 1898 Formby was signed to appear at the Lyceum Theatre,
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stating that it was "one of the successes of the season ...
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The Age of the Dream Palace: Cinema and Society in 1930s Britain
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Searching for Stars: Stardom and Screen Acting in British Cinema
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The Slogan – Sidelights on recruiting with Harry Lauder's Band
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In early 1921 Formby was appearing at the Newcastle Empire in
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212:. Formby first used his new stage name in Birkenhead in 1897.
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was unveiled at Hodgson Street, Ashton, Formby's birthplace.
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The "John Willie" character, like much of Formby's act, used
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performers of the early 20th century. His comedy played upon
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Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination
1898:"Action Against George Formby: The Comedian's Ill-Health".
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The £3 weekly salary in 1902 is approximately £284 in 2014.
1035:", RG12; Piece: 3277; Folio 127; p. 13; GSU roll: 6098387.
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A guinea for a song equated to approximately £100 in 2014.
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Formby was injured in June 1916 during rehearsals for the
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Those main sources are the biographies of Formby's son,
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2431:. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co.
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was present in the stage wings ready for emergencies.
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in August. Little is known about Salter, although the
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Formby left over 190 recordings, and after his death
549:. He left over £25,000 in his will, listing Eliza as
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cane. In 1908 he lent one of his costumes to a young
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Popular Music in England 1840–1914: A Social History
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Theatre Ecology: Environments and Performance Events
1672:. London. 21 September 1916. p. 21 – via
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refused to release him from a long-standing booking.
422:(right) while employed as a jockey, aged 10, in 1915
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346:. Two years later he made his first recordings, on
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259:; a 40-week tour followed, with Formby earning 30
1177:"Turned Out Nice Again as Research Bears Fruit".
1730:"George Formby: A Man With Pride in his Roots".
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471:. He suffered lung damage and was treated for a
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855:In July Formby also appeared for a week at the
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330:Sheet music for "We All Went Marching In", 1913
297:to see the act. Formby soon transferred to the
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69:Formby was born into poverty in the industrial
2349:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
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2673:Links to the lyrics of many of Formby's songs
2636:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press.
2263:Memorial Unveiled Aka Beautiful Memorial 1922
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177:voice broke, after which the pair separated.
133:George Formby was born James Lawler Booth in
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2611:Smart, Sue; Bothway Howard, Richard (2011).
2502:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2391:. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
1915:"The Influenza Grip: Minor Social Effects".
1321:(6 December 2002). "That Lad will go Far!".
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2596:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2575:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2472:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
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651:, which was a small wooden platform on the
516:Formby's health was further damaged in the
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876:£25,000 is approximately £965,000 in 2014.
467:, after a stage collapsed onto him at the
2469:Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
2370:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2071:. Manchester. 9 February 1921. p. 4.
1098:(11). Los Angeles, CA: 8. 24 August 1907.
588:, formed the leading quartette [
281:London, and a growing reputation: 1902–16
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34:, his son, who used the same stage name.
2499:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1995:. Dundee. 13 February 1921. p. 16.
1736:. Manchester. 7 March 1961. p. 16.
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27:English comedian and singer (1875-1921)
2615:. Ely, Cambridgeshire: Melrose Books.
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1904:. Manchester. 4 April 1917. p. 2.
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1183:. Norwich. 8 October 2011. p. 21.
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824:£300 is approximately £25,000 in 2014.
66:cough as a comedic device in his act.
2729:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2250:. London. 21 October 1922. p. 9.
1921:. Manchester. 4 July 1918. p. 4.
1628:. London. 13 October 1913. p. 5.
1563:. London. 4 January 1910. p. 11.
1412:. London. 9 February 1921. p. 8.
904:. Dundee. 9 February 1921. p. 5.
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1875:. London. 20 August 1916. p. 8.
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1237:"George Formby Senior – Entertainer"
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456:Worsening health, and death: 1916–21
2744:English male musical theatre actors
2668:Biography at George Formby fan site
2444:Randall, Alan; Seaton, Ray (1974).
1954:(7). New York, NY: 9. 11 July 1919.
1854:(7). New York, NY: 4. 14 July 1916.
1622:"The King Spends a Merry Evening".
580:, thought that Formby, "along with
2759:Male actors from Ashton-under-Lyne
2659:Recording of six of Formby's songs
1816:. London. 25 June 1916. p. 7.
681:The unveiling of Formby's memorial
412:, followed by a short solo piece.
235:Formby in examples of his costumes
181:Burgeoning stage career: 1890–1902
100:in the formation of his character
25:
2714:20th-century British male singers
2709:19th-century British male singers
2630:St. Pierre, Paul Matthew (2009).
1989:"Mrs George Formby's Own Story".
1833:. London. 2 July 1916. p. 7.
426:In March 1914 Formby appeared in
224:when the latter was touring with
2307:George Formby: A Troubled Genius
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773:George Formby: A Troubled Genius
655:for loading coal, rather than a
307:. His popularity increased when
189:Formby's second wife Eliza Ann,
2121:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
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1506:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1494:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1455:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1443:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1385:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1338:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1265:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1221:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1197:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1148:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1136:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1121:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1057:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
1045:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
978:Smart & Bothway Howard 2011
2769:Tuberculosis deaths in England
2724:20th-century English comedians
2719:19th-century English comedians
1477:Frank Skinner on George Formby
1406:"Death of Mr. George Formby".
1029:Office for National Statistics
88:—the latter contracted in the
1:
2734:Converts to Roman Catholicism
2385:Krishnamurthy, Aruna (2009).
2516:UK public library membership
2493:"Formby, George (1904–1961)"
1664:"Native For American Humour"
195:Hoy (c. 1879–1981), whom he
2095:The Illustrated London News
777:It's Turned Out Nice Again!
616:The Illustrated London News
598:Stage persona and technique
577:The Illustrated London News
2795:
2090:"The World of the Theatre"
2011:Warrington Borough Council
1340:, pp. 22 & 30–31.
594:] of the profession".
518:influenza pandemic of 1918
255:, supporting the magician
153:and became susceptible to
29:
2779:Pioneer recording artists
2774:Comedians from Lancashire
2552:Chaplin: His Life and Art
2412:. London: A&C Black.
2406:Macnab, Geoffrey (2000).
2328:. London: Woburn-Futura.
2172:Randall & Seaton 1974
1706:Randall & Seaton 1974
1277:Randall & Seaton 1974
990:Randall & Seaton 1974
653:Leeds and Liverpool Canal
469:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
448:, a thriller directed by
385:Royal Command Performance
2427:Quigley, Joseph (1916).
2309:. London: Robson Books.
1944:"Formby Back on Stage".
898:"Famous Comedian Dead".
445:By the Shortest of Heads
428:No Fool Like an Old Fool
30:Not to be confused with
2754:Singers from Manchester
2739:English Roman Catholics
2685:includes two recordings
2532:. London: I.B. Tauris.
2448:. London: W. H. Allen.
2343:Gildart, Keith (2013).
2284:Manchester Evening News
2244:"Comedian's Memorial".
2198:, pp. 11 & 14.
2068:The Manchester Guardian
1918:The Manchester Guardian
1901:The Manchester Guardian
1576:, pp. 24 & 37.
1496:, pp. 18 & 24.
863:, after the impresario
857:Victoria Palace Theatre
662:The Manchester Guardian
558:The Manchester Guardian
360:] in the capital".
128:Formby on his childhood
2764:English male comedians
2678:List of Formby's songs
2590:Russell, Dave (2004).
2569:Russell, Dave (1997).
2508:10.1093/ref:odnb/33205
697:The Road to Wigan Pier
682:
607:
505:
423:
331:
236:
200:
166:pulmonary tuberculosis
125:
94:pulmonary tuberculosis
44:
18:George Formby (Senior)
2749:Music hall performers
2364:Kershaw, Baz (2007).
2324:Fisher, John (1975).
2065:"Mr. George Formby".
2007:"Warrington Cemetery"
1827:"Dramatis Personae".
1327:. London. p. B2.
680:
522:Manchester Hippodrome
503:
473:pulmonary haemorrhage
418:
329:
270:Roman Catholic Church
234:
188:
42:
2088:(26 February 1921).
1166:. London. p. 4.
724:Notes and references
497:, Leicester Square.
348:phonograph cylinders
117:Early years: 1875–90
2683:George Fomby Senior
2554:. London: Paladin.
1844:"Formby Doubling".
1475:(27 October 2011).
1180:Eastern Daily Press
1163:The Daily Telegraph
556:The obituarist for
547:Warrington Cemetery
526:Newcastle upon Tyne
2270:. 23 October 1922.
2133:Krishnamurthy 2009
1869:in its New Home".
1810:"Razzle-Dazzle!".
901:The Dundee Courier
859:during the run of
683:
567:The Dundee Courier
506:
424:
406:Cicely Courtneidge
391:, near Liverpool.
332:
237:
201:
71:North West England
52:James Lawler Booth
45:
2643:978-0-8386-4191-0
2622:978-1-907732-59-1
2603:978-0-7190-5178-4
2582:978-0-7190-5261-3
2561:978-0-586-08544-8
2539:978-1-84885-122-1
2524:Richards, Jeffrey
2514:(Subscription or
2488:Richards, Jeffrey
2479:978-0-7190-6143-1
2464:Richards, Jeffrey
2455:978-0-491-01771-8
2419:978-1-4411-8425-2
2398:978-0-7546-6504-5
2377:978-0-521-87716-9
2356:978-1-137-38425-6
2335:978-0-7130-0139-6
2316:978-1-86105-239-1
1888:, pp. 53–54.
1720:, pp. 47–48.
1708:, pp. 28–29.
1612:, pp. 46–47.
1600:, pp. 45–46.
1387:, pp. 23–24.
1267:, pp. 67–68.
1211:, pp. 85–86.
1138:, pp. 65–67.
1004:, pp. 10–11.
531:internal bleeding
317:Tivoli Music Hall
143:birth certificate
135:Ashton-under-Lyne
16:(Redirected from
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442:a stable boy in
336:George Hoy Booth
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2017:on 26 July 2013
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504:Formby, c. 1921
458:
398:Sarah Bernhardt
299:London Pavilion
283:
222:Charlie Chaplin
183:
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98:Charlie Chaplin
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2653:External links
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2098:. London: 277.
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1557:"The Tivoli".
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2287:. Manchester.
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1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1150:, p. 14.
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:Richards 2001
1105:
1102:
1097:
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1084:
1081:
1077:
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1068:
1066:
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1038:
1034:
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1025:
1022:
1018:
1013:
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1007:
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995:
992:, p. 21.
991:
986:
983:
979:
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970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
944:
940:
933:
931:
927:
923:
922:Richards 2004
918:
916:
914:
912:
908:
903:
902:
894:
892:
888:
882:
873:
870:
866:
862:
861:Razzle-Dazzle
858:
852:
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845:
839:
836:
830:
827:
821:
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723:
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713:
706:
701:
699:
698:
693:
692:George Orwell
687:
679:
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666:
664:
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658:
657:pleasure pier
654:
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543:
542:Jack and Jill
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498:
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491:Razzle-Dazzle
488:
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465:Razzle-Dazzle
463:
455:
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429:
421:
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411:
410:George Graves
407:
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402:Mark Sheridan
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389:Knowsley Hall
386:
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377:George V
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106:George Formby
103:
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72:
67:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
48:George Formby
41:
37:
33:
32:George Formby
19:
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2612:
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2571:
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2528:
2497:
2468:
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2428:
2408:
2387:
2366:
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2325:
2306:
2282:
2276:
2262:
2256:
2247:Daily Mirror
2245:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2184:Gildart 2013
2179:
2167:
2145:Russell 2004
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2093:
2066:
2043:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2001:
1990:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1881:
1872:The Observer
1870:
1866:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1830:The Observer
1828:
1822:
1813:The Observer
1811:
1805:
1793:
1788:, p. 8.
1781:
1754:
1742:
1733:The Guardian
1731:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1694:Quigley 1916
1689:
1667:
1658:
1653:, p. 7.
1646:
1634:
1623:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1540:
1533:Russell 1997
1528:
1501:
1489:
1476:
1450:
1428:, p. 5.
1407:
1380:
1370:13 September
1368:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:The Guardian
1322:
1313:
1308:, p. 4.
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1240:
1216:
1209:Kershaw 2007
1204:
1178:
1172:
1161:
1155:
1143:
1116:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1078:, p. 2.
1059:, p. 7.
1052:
1040:
1024:
1019:, p. 3.
997:
985:
980:, p. 4.
961:, p. 1.
942:
938:
899:
872:
860:
851:
838:
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
776:
772:
759:
745:
736:
714:
704:
702:
695:
688:
684:
667:
660:
646:
641:
637:Alan Randall
630:
622:
614:
608:
603:
589:
584:, Robey and
575:
565:
557:
555:
541:
539:
515:
507:
490:
487:The Observer
486:
482:The Observer
480:
464:
459:
450:Bert Haldane
443:
440:
436:Derby Scheme
427:
425:
392:
374:
369:
362:
355:
333:
302:
287:Canning Town
284:
250:
238:
214:
210:George Robey
202:
159:
132:
126:
122:
82:Tuberculosis
79:
68:
51:
47:
46:
36:
2704:1921 deaths
2699:1875 births
2303:Bret, David
2232:Fisher 1975
2160:Macnab 2000
2109:Fisher 1975
2086:Grein, J.T.
1977:Fisher 1975
1759:Fisher 1975
1002:Fisher 1975
865:Alfred Butt
718:blue plaque
611:J. T. Grein
572:J. T. Grein
535:oxygen tent
366:Little Tich
309:Marie Lloyd
245:1901 census
175:boy soprano
2693:Categories
2518:required.)
2268:Pathé News
2266:. London:
1241:BBC online
883:References
769:David Bret
649:Wigan Pier
381:Queen Mary
291:Dr Crippen
274:David Bret
226:Fred Karno
197:bigamously
155:bronchitis
139:Lancashire
60:Lancashire
56:music hall
2661:from the
2196:Bret 1999
1786:Bret 1999
1747:Bret 1999
1669:The Times
1651:Bret 1999
1560:The Times
1426:Bret 1999
1409:The Times
1306:Bret 1999
1289:Bret 1999
1250:29 August
1076:Bret 1999
1033:UK Census
1017:Bret 1999
959:Bret 1999
705:The Times
642:The Times
586:Chevalier
551:executrix
533:, and an
510:Southport
420:Formby Jr
393:The Times
370:The Times
352:Zonophone
321:pantomime
304:The Times
261:shillings
253:Blackburn
112:Biography
102:the Tramp
86:influenza
77:in 1916.
64:bronchial
2550:(1986).
2526:(2010).
2490:(2004).
2466:(2001).
2437:35122379
2305:(1999).
1481:BBC Four
1031:, "1891
313:Dan Leno
266:bigamous
2295:Sources
2021:16 July
1947:Variety
1847:Variety
1091:Variety
241:Halifax
199:married
162:coppers
2640:
2619:
2600:
2579:
2558:
2536:
2512:
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2452:
2435:
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765:George
673:Legacy
633:pathos
582:Lauder
562:drolls
344:guinea
151:asthma
50:(born
752:Wigan
729:Notes
626:Wigan
462:revue
383:in a
295:Leeds
75:revue
2638:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2556:ISBN
2534:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2450:ISBN
2433:OCLC
2414:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2023:2014
1372:2014
1252:2014
844:lost
708:West
432:lost
408:and
379:and
340:caul
170:loom
84:and
2504:doi
1245:BBC
591:sic
475:at
387:at
357:sic
192:née
2695::
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2152:^
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1952:55
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1852:43
1850:.
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1433:^
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1392:^
1362:.
1345:^
1296:^
1243:.
1239:.
1228:^
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2359:.
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2319:.
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1483:.
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1254:.
1096:7
924:.
779:.
710:'
20:)
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