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designed specifically for the Canada's Cup series and, in view of the competition, Cuthbertson and
Cassian might be forgiven if Manitou's unequivocal triumph gave them a few sweet moments of gloating. Niagara had come from the drawing board of Olin Stephens, of Sparkman and Stephens Inc. of New York. Stephens has designed all but one winner of yachting's most famous trophy, the America's Cup, since World War II. Three of them. He's a kind of mortal God of yacht design. True, Manitou's Canadian crew did sail the boat brilliantly. True, Cuthbertson did say, Oh shucks, there's no one in the business as good as Olin Stephens. Or something like that. Yet George and George had designed a boat that beat Olin Stephensâ latest, and she'd beaten her three straight. And there could scarcely have been one well-heeled deep-sea racing devotee in the whole world who did not hear about it.
607:, Ontario, in fiberglass with a balsa core; the resulting structure was (and is) strong, stiff and significantly lighter than the wood or solid fiberglass yachts then sailing. Red Jacket is considered to be the first sailboat engineered with a cored hull (other earlier boats had balsacored decks, and powerboat builders were using it in transoms and superstructures). No doubt the weight savings and panel stiffness of her cored hull contributed significantly to her racing success. She was launched in May 1966 and took 11 of 13 starts that summer. That winter, Red Jacket headed south and won the famed SORC (Southern Ocean Racing Conference), which was a series of six races with the major two being from St. Petersburg to Fort Lauderdale and from Miami to Nassau.competing against over 85 of the best racers of the day. Red Jacket was the first Canadian boat to win the SORC.
367:, the Swedish ball-bearing manufacturer. In 1951, he formed a registered partnership with Peter Davidson, a young man also active in sailing at the RCYC, for the purpose of producing products in an experimental new material called fibreglass. This work led to Cuthbertson's first production design, the Water Rat, a small dinghy conceived in 1953. About 80 in all were built, mostly with the bare hands of the two partners. There wasn't a lot of work for yacht design in Canada at that time, so they operated a yacht brokerage, which imported yachts from Europe, under the name of Canadian Northern Co.
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the world at that time. For a variety of reasons that are still hotly debated, the prime minister at that time , John
Diefenbaker, canceled the contract. Whoosh! Avro had no choice but to immediately shut down, they were so wedded to that program. Diefenbaker canceled the contract on a Friday and that laid off 17,000 people, including George Cassian, who was in the design department. On Monday this young chap walked into my office and introduced himself. Said we'd met once several years before at a party, which was likely. Was there any chance he could get a job?
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grab the attention of the industry, and of the fans with the sort of scratch actually to buy one of these craft, is the
Southern Ocean Racing Conference. This is where all the previous monthsâ drawing-board sweating over prismatic coefficients, wetted surfaces, ratios of sail plans, and overlap, either pays off or flops in a horrible way. The SORC is the ultimate tropical test tank for designers, sailors, owners, riggers and sailmakers. For the pros.
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447:"At this time, Ted Brewer was very involved with our brokerage and import activities," Cuthbertson says. "Ted was with us for about three years, functioning as a yacht broker (and a very effective one) while studying yacht design in his spare time through the Westlawn course. In time, he also moved to the U.S. to take a job with Luders Marine Construction in Stamford, Conn., and so began his distinguished career."
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restricted to
Saturdays on the part of the men of the household, with a few women joining in. There was little regular work to support a full-time resident designer. Apart from a number of enthusiasts like Charlie Burke, who excelled in racing dinghy designs, and a few local builders who, on occasion, penned their own creations, the ranks of full-fledged local designers were practically empty.
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399:, Ontario by Cliff Richardson Boat Works. A year and a half under construction, her materials and workmanship were the finest. Finished bright, she was double planked of mahogany over laminated oak frames, and bronze fastened with cast bronze centreboard in a monel trunk. Her laid deck was of teak, and her mainmast aluminum, but her other spars were of spruce.
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how things were going. He told me he was moving home and getting married and would like to buy a share of the business. I was up to my ears in debt, having trouble paying bills, so I sold him a 25% interest. We incorporated as
Cuthbertson & Cassian Ltd. In due course that 25% was increased to one third. We were never a partnership.
382:, with Cuthbertson and Davidson aboard, won three straight to bring the Canada's Cup to its native land for the first time since 1903. It was an encouraging debut for the 25 year-old Canadian designer, and it paid off with an imagined dividend when Walsh subsequently asked Cuthbertson to provide the design for a large ocean racer.
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When George
Cuthbertson was asked back in 1992 to name the company's most outstanding boats from his tenure, he felt that the original C&C 35 was a standout. He also mentioned two other models from its era: The Redline 41 Condor earned C&C its secondâand lastâSORC title in 1972. At that same
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In
September 1969 the design firm of Cuthbertson & Cassian Ltd. joined with three of the builders producing Cuthbertson & Cassian designs, Belleville Marine Yard, Hinterhoeller Ltd. and Bruckmann Manufacturing to form C&C Yachts. In that first year C&C achieves sales of $ 3.9 million.
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In late â58 there was a very major plant, Avro up in Malton, Ontario, building aircraft. They had developed the Avro Arrow , which was apparently superb. They built a half-dozen, the customer being the
Canadian government. It was generally acknowledged to be the best aircraft of its typeâa fighterâin
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The circle of potential clients and associates was relatively small, and
Cuthbertson made many key connections as the Royal Canadian Yacht Club's official measurer, a post he assumed at 17. The job put him in touch with many individuals important to his future, and lent him first-hand experience with
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It's a series of six races around the coast of
Florida, and it starts each January and runs into March, winding up in Nassau. You cannot win the SORC without beating anywhere from 60 to 90 of the costliest, bestdesigned, best-sailed offshore-racing yachts in North America. And that is i exactly what
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There are series of offshore-racing events in Long Island Sound, there's the celebrated Bermuda race, there are campaigns off British Columbia, there's the transpacific from Los Angeles to Honolulu, and there are at least a dozen other important offshore conferences. But, each year, the first one to
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George had an innate feeling for sailing, one that encompassed not only athletics but form and structure. As a boy, he was always drawing airplanes and shipsâor rather, translating them, to scale, from imagined solid form to two-dimensional schemes. He was beginning to see beauty, grace and speed as
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After the introduction of the IOR Rule in the early 1970s, the sailing world changed dramatically with the rise of a whole new cohort of young designers. This, combined with the increased demands of running what was becoming a large multi-national public company answerable to a Board of Directors,
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The introduction of fibreglass boats was about to make a complete change to the industry and the very nature of recreational boating. Fibreglass would make possible the existence of proper production designs, which in turn would significantly lower the cost of an individual yacht, making the sport
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So he said, âWell, I haven't got anything else to do.â So I said, âOkay.â He was with me for almost a year. His other interest was automobiles, racing cars. He decided to move to Detroit in the auto industry, but whenever he was back in Toronto, where his family was, he'd drop in the office to see
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Cuthbertson was active in both 6-Metre and 8-Metre competition, which led to an important modification assignment. The RCYC and the Rochester Yacht Club had arranged to revive the Canada's Cup, an emblem of match racing supremacy on the Great Lakes, last contested between the two clubs in 1934, in
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has in its archives the early original C&C design and construction drawings, a retirement donation by Cuthbertson of his papers. In 2008 Tim Jackett, whose company bought the C&C name in 1996, donated the rest of the Cuthbertson papers and more, dating from 1972 through to the late 1980s.
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He had few role models. The level of sailing activity in the Toronto area was a far cry from today's crowded standards. It was very much a male pastime, with the concept of the sport as a truly family recreation still many years away. In the shadow of post-war economic gloom, outings seemed to be
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At the moment, if your average Canadian sports fan has heard of any C & C yacht at all, she is probably the Manitou. Last September, in the very pricey competition for the ancient Canada's Cup, Manitou knocked out the American yacht Niagara in three consecutive races. Both yachts had been
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was a wooden design built at Metro Marine in Bronte for Gord Fisher of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, which led to a semi-production series. Erich Bruckmann, who would later be one of the founding partners of C&C Yachts, had been shop supervisor at Metro Marine when La Mouette was built.
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attended the 1961 Southern Ocean Racing Conference (SORC), Cuthbertson was part of her crew. His appearance may have heen the first modern day participation by a Canadian in the circuit, and the experience introduced him to many people who would be influential in the development of C&C.
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honour of the RCYC's centennial in 1954. The series was to be sailed, as in the previous outing, in 8-Metres, and Royal Canadian Yacht Club member Norm Walsh hired Cuthbertson to secure a proven 8-Metre and draw up its alterations. After losing the opening race of the match series, Walsh's
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Cuthbertson modified a number of European yachts for the North American market. These Canadian Northern 35s were designed by Cuthbertson and built of steel by Kurt Beister in Norderney, Germany. A half dozen were built by Cliff Richardson in Meaford, Ontario. One, named
561:, had apprenticed as a boat builder in his native Austria before emigrating to Canada in 1952. He had gone into business for himself in 1957, then incorporated as a private company in 1963. The 36-foot design Cuthbertson & Cassian supplied him became known as the
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When it comes to nicknames, sailing and the yacht business may be even cuter and more prolific than, say, golf and the golf business. Cuthbertson is not only Big George, he's also Cumbersome. Cassian is not only Little George, he's also Casual. Get it? C & C
294:. He was the second son of Elma Charlotte (née Ferguson), and Allan Edward Cuthbertson, who was general manager and later president of Harding Carpets, which operated a factory in Brantford. George's middle name came from carpet company founder Victor Harding.
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qualities that could be governed by mathematics, albeit a mathematics tempered by artistic instinct. In time, this vision would lead to a career in an occupation with a very narrow membershipâthat of a Canadian yacht designer with an international reputation.
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The high water mark of Cuthbertson's design career was the 1971 SORC where Cuthbertson & Cassian designed boats not only won overall, but also won three of the five divisions. A truly remarkable feat, which has never been achieved by another designer.
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led Cuthbertson to hand the design responsibilities to Robert Ball in 1973. After a short break from the company, Cuthbertson returned to C&C in the position of President, a position he held until an outside acquisition of the company in late 1981.
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and floatplanes. In his retirement continued to fly, usually a custom built Cessna 172. He also tinkered with furniture design and travelled widely. It was his practice to visit marinas to check in on the condition of the sailboats he had designed.
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The same year, Canadian yachtsman Perry Connolly asked C&C to design a custom 40 ft (12 m) racing sloop for him. The design directive called for flat-out speed. Connolly said he wanted "the meanest, hungriest 40-footer afloat".
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became in the early 1960s the first Canadian entrant in the Southern Ocean Racing Circuit, initiating Canadian participation which was to prove historic in years to come. She promptly began to rack up an enviable race record on Lake Ontario.
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In 1961 Cuthbertson took George Cassian into the company, and established the design firm of Cuthbertson & Cassian, which designed a number of successful steel, and strip planked wooden boats for Great Lakes and East Coast customers.
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magazine in August 1970 George Cuthbertson was described as six-foot-four, weighing 220 pounds. He has a crewcut, his voice is deep, and he looks like a linebacker on his day off. He also had a couple of nicknames:
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sailed to a respectable finish in Class B. Returning home, she won the Freeman Cup Race, her first of three in a row â the only yacht ever to so accomplish â and she added a fourth Freeman Cup win in 1964.
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In 1965, Ian Morch of the Belleville Marine Yard commissioned C&C to design the 31-foot Corvette. The centerboard sloop was built of fiberglass and numbered several hundred before production ceased.
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Launching of Gordon Fisher's C&C designed, Erik Bruckmann built, wooden 38' sloop. Constructed at Metro Marine, Bronte Harbour, Ontario during the winter of 1960-1961, launched spring of 1961.
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By 1964, the company was but a short step away from becoming involved in designs of fibreglass construction. Cuthbertson had some experience with the material back in the early 1950s, building the
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was launched in August, 1958 and sailed from Georgian Bay to Toronto in time to score her first win â the Edward Prince of Wales Cup. In 1960, the RCYC burgee was first flown in a Bermuda Race as
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The custom yachts that came off Cuthbertson's board in this time period further consolidated Cuthbertson's and C&C's reputation on the race course under the CCA rule, and included the 53â
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The C&C designs that came off Cuthbertson's drawing board in the early 70s for production building at the Niagara-on-the-Lake plant of George Hinterhoeller are legendary and include the
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838:. George Cuthbertson was the last surviving member of the original founders of C&C, being predeceased by George Cassian, Ian Morch, George Hinterhoeller, and Erich Bruckmann.
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won the Marlatt and Boswell Trophies, the Cosgrave, Dufferin, Marquis of Lorne and Queen's Cups, her second Freeman Cup and the Rochester Race â her first of three in a row.
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305:'s junior program at 14 and his introduction to the instruction boats, known with dubious affection as "Brutal Beasts", that provided a formal introduction to the sport.
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He had drawings with him and I was impressed. I said, âGeorge, I have two weeks of design work ahead of me. And if you join, that will be one week each.â
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for the unsuccessful 1971 defence of Canada's Cup, both of which would go on to achieve great offshore racing success under Gerry Moog and Jack King.
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444:, and he would soon return to George Cuthbertson for the design that would make both their names household words in international sailing circles.
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Daniel Spurr - "Heart of Glass: Fiberglass Boats and the Men Who Built Them" (St. John's, Newfoundland: International Marine/ McGraw-Hill 1999)
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SORC, the C&C 61 Sorcery was first overall in two races. Socery had amassed a trophy case of victories in 1971 for owner James Baldwin of
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Doug Hunter - "The Pursuit of Excellence", A Corporate History of C&C Yachts Limited, Niagara-on-the-Lake: (April 1983) C&C Yachts
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In 1982, Cuthbertson left the company he created to relaunch his design career with a new company, Motion Designs, producing drawings for
301:. There was no yachting background in his family. There had been exposure to boating at summer camps, but it was his enrolment in the
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He maintained a soft spot for the dinghies with which he launched his career. The user name of his e-mail address was "waterrat."
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class, and about two dozen were built on a semi-production basis. The partnership then provided him with the design for the
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221:(1929â2017) was a founding partner of Cuthbertson & Cassian yacht designers, one of four companies that in 1969 formed
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Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012 to honour significant contributions and achievements by a Canadian.
1138:"Just Mention Big George And Little George.. ...and any yachtsman, anywhere, knows you mean Cuthbertson and Cassian"
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232:, being the second. Cuthbertson would go on to be president of that company for many years, establishing plants in
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454:. Cuthbertson and Davidson had parted ways, leaving Cuthbertson on his own to pursue further design commissions.
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The elder Mr. Cuthbertson died suddenly of a heart attack in 1943. His widow and sons moved to her hometown of
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Cuthbertson served as official historian of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club and as an honorary curator at the
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1252:"From C to C, Presenting the greatest hits (and a few misses) from two turbulent decades at C&C Yachts"
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1397:"Architects receive Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal from the Royal Canadian Academy Of Arts"
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In 1974, George H. Cuthbertson was elected to membership in the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.
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dinghy, but it was only beginning to have an impact on the boating industry in the early 1960s.
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1376:"2011 Recipients of the "Legends of Ontario Sailing" AwardâThe "Builders of C&C Yachts""
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652:, a match-race between Canada and the US. C&C's custom shop, Bruckmann Manufacturing of
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Red Jacket is still actively raced by her owners, members the Royal Canadian Yacht Club.
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Red Jacket did. She's the only boat from outside the United States ever to win the SORC.
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was ordered as a bare hull by a boyhood friend of Cuthbertson's from sailing days in
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Among the more notable Cuthbertson & Cassian products from the early 1960s were
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Much had happened in the interim between the 1954 Canada's Cup and the launching of
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Cuthbertson & Cassian's first commission for a fibreglass design came from
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After graduating Cuthbertson worked for a time for the Canadian operation of
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In 1971 hull #1 of the 43 ft (13.1 m) "Limited Edition" series,
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was George Cuthbertson's first design of consequence and she was built in
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1176:"Obituary - Designer George Cuthbertson crafted sleek, speedy sailboats"
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George H. Cuthbertson, aged 88, died on October 3, 2017, at his home in
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557:, a rapidly growing firm in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. Its founder,
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George completed high school in Toronto before earning a degree in
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accessible to a more general and increasingly affluent public.
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Subsequently, owned by W. Bernard Herman of Island Yacht Club,
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built such Cuthbertson & Cassian designed classics as the
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would follow Red Jacket's lead and win SORC overall in 1971.
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the shapes and dimensions of the Great Lakes' faster yachts.
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His was the first âCâ in C&C, with his design associate
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He later also served as chairman and chief operating officer
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C&C's chief designer until 1973, then company president.
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sailingscuttlebutt.com: "Eight Bells: George Cuthbertson"
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Hunter, Doug (April 1983), "The Pursuit of Excellence",
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1974 membership in the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.
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1234:, Niagara-on-the-Lake: C&C Yachts, pp. 6â8
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411:Many more trophies bear her name. In 1961 alone,
1079:"The History of C&C Yachts, By Dan Spurr;
510:for Gordon Fisher, and the little motorsailor
2091:Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
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1232:A Corporate History of C&C Yachts Limited
895:Some of George Cutbertson's designs include:
8:
991:List of sailboat designers and manufacturers
870:George H. Cuthbertson was inducted into the
704:Other Cuthbertson designs for C&C Yachts
864:as one of the âBuilders of C&C Yachtsâ
130:Cuthbertson & Cassian yacht designers,
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1401:The National Review of Design and Practice
660:, beat the Sparkman and Stephens-designed
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1423:"Canadian Sailing Hall of Fame Induction"
286:Cuthbertson was born on June 3, 1929, in
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514:for Sonny Slemin. When Payson Mayhew's
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849:George H. Cuthbertson was awarded the
498:for John Young of Shelter Island, NY,
466:In an interview Cutbertson explained:
207:2014 The Canadian Sailing Hall of Fame
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862:2011 Legends of Ontario Sailing Award
205:2011 Legends of Ontario Sailing Award
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966:54 ft (16 m) Bonaventure V
700:won the Nassau and Governor's cups.
814:Through the 1970s Cuthbertson flew
1449:"C&C; Drawings Finally United"
1334:"Red JacketâHistory in the making"
1047:. Midland, Ontario. Archived from
795:and other local Ontario builders.
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1285:Professional BoatBuilder Magazine
1281:"A Visit With George Cuthbertson"
1174:Hawthorn, Tom (20 October 2017).
1039:Mazza, Robert (12 October 2017).
963:53 ft (16 m) Inferno II
696:won SORC overall and the 43 foot
189:Allan Edward Cuthbertson (father)
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900:54 ft (16 m) Inishfree
884:Marine Museum of the Great Lakes
805:Marine Museum of the Great Lakes
192:Elma Charlotte Ferguson (mother)
1511:Launching of "La Mouette", 1961
767:for the 1969 Canada's Cup, and
610:In 1970, Murray Burt wrote for
2086:Members of the Order of Canada
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2106:Burials at Park Lawn Cemetery
2081:Canadian mechanical engineers
872:Canadian Sailing Hall of Fame
1279:Spurr, Dan (11 March 2013).
359:Mk 1 designed by Cuthbertson
1144:. Toronto, ON: Rogers Media
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1256:Canadian Yachting Magazine
214:George Harding Cuthbertson
22:George Harding Cuthbertson
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458:Cuthbertson & Cassian
303:Royal Canadian Yacht Club
159:C&C's chief designer
114:boat designer and builder
2076:Canadian yacht designers
1555:C&C ton class series
1310:History of RCYC - Models
759:for Jim McHugh, the 54â
728:. The Custom Shop under
178:Jill, Michael, JohnKelly
1576:C&C imperial series
601:Bruckmann Manufacturing
538:Fibreglass construction
348:designed by Cuthbertson
1455:. 2008. Archived from
1453:C&C Yachts Website
1087:Good Old Boat Magazine
1081:Good Old Boat Magazine
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333:, graduating in 1950.
327:mechanical engineering
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95:mechanical engineering
2096:People from Brantford
1802:C&C metric series
1250:Hunter, Doug (1992).
1136:Burt, Murray (1970).
744:, and the remarkable
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555:Hinterhoeller Limited
490:for Tony Ronza, Sr.,
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427:Canadian Northern Co.
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331:University of Toronto
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260:, and Custom Shop in
244:, boat production in
105:University of Toronto
2026:George Hinterhoeller
1459:on 14 September 2008
1041:"George Cuthbertson"
559:George Hinterhoeller
1077:Spurr, Dan (2002).
878:Cuthbertson archive
763:for Bernie Herman,
671:victory Burt said:
254:Niagara-on-the-Lake
2021:George Cuthbertson
1180:The Globe and Mail
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81:Park Lawn Cemetery
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1107:Browning, Randy.
1045:Canadian Yachting
852:Canadian Yachting
809:Kingston, Ontario
748:. The Redline 41
654:Oakville, Ontario
267:In an article in
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119:Years active
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1506:Construction
1504:Red Jacket's
1503:
1476:Bibliography
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1452:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1426:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1370:
1365:, 5 Oct 2017
1341:. Retrieved
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1313:. Retrieved
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1184:. Retrieved
1179:
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1116:. Retrieved
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1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1080:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1044:
975:
944:C&C 43-1
894:
891:Boat designs
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773:Merrythought
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234:Rhode Island
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59:(2017-10-05)
38:June 3, 1929
15:
2071:2017 deaths
2066:1929 births
1973:Other boats
1926:Mega series
1628:Corvette 31
1433:17 December
1427:Sail Canada
1407:17 December
1381:12 December
1343:15 December
1315:15 December
1306:"Inishfree"
1186:15 December
1148:15 December
1118:15 December
1092:15 December
1055:15 December
904:Corvette 31
816:Cessna 172s
508:Thermopylae
438:Port Credit
2060:Categories
1658:Invader 36
1653:Frigate 36
1290:6 December
1261:6 December
997:References
972:Favourites
959:Redline 41
954:C&C 61
949:C&C 50
939:Redline 41
934:Classic 22
929:C&C 39
924:C&C 35
919:C&C 30
914:C&C 27
909:C&C 25
799:Retirement
765:True North
757:Inferno II
746:C&C 61
742:C&C 50
738:C&C 43
734:Redline 41
710:C&C 25
694:Redline 41
597:Red Jacket
586:Red Jacket
571:Redwing 35
567:Redwing 30
531:La Mouette
524:La Mouette
512:Pipe Dream
504:La Mouette
380:Venture II
372:Venture II
357:C&C 35
346:C&C 25
282:Early life
34:1929-06-03
2031:Ian Morch
1985:Rhodes 22
1942:SR series
1463:29 August
1182:. Toronto
1142:Maclean's
874:in 2014.
686:Endurance
669:Manitou's
612:Maclean's
544:Water Rat
500:Inferno I
496:Courtesan
452:Inishfree
420:Inishfree
413:Inishfree
405:Inishfree
401:Inishfree
393:Inishfree
387:Inishfree
321:Education
288:Brantford
269:Maclean's
156:Successor
151:1969â1981
122:1951â1986
91:Education
42:Brantford
1990:Shark 24
985:See also
854:Magazine
605:Oakville
434:Carousel
262:Oakville
175:Children
71:, Canada
48:, Canada
2047:Commons
1608:27 Mk V
1598:26 Wave
1567:3/4 Ton
1562:1/2 Ton
832:Toronto
662:Niagara
658:Manitou
643:Manitou
563:Invader
516:Vanadis
488:Galatia
484:Vanadis
397:Meaford
329:at the
299:Toronto
292:Ontario
277:Yachts.
258:Ontario
246:England
242:Germany
183:Parents
85:Toronto
69:Ontario
65:Toronto
46:Ontario
1999:People
1980:IMS 45
1488:
1429:. 2014
1403:. 2012
842:Awards
836:Canada
769:Mirage
750:Condor
724:, and
698:Arieto
690:Condor
682:Arieto
337:Career
264:, ON.
200:Awards
167:Spouse
1693:37/40
1668:34/36
826:Death
603:, in
575:Shark
492:Laura
250:Italy
138:Title
1718:43-2
1713:43-1
1673:36-1
1618:29-2
1486:ISBN
1465:2017
1435:2018
1409:2018
1383:2018
1345:2018
1317:2018
1292:2018
1263:2018
1188:2018
1150:2018
1120:2018
1094:2018
1057:2018
882:The
771:and
506:and
248:and
238:Kiel
236:and
148:Term
54:Died
28:Born
1834:131
1829:121
1824:115
1819:110
1814:101
1663:36R
807:at
667:On
365:SKF
218:RCA
83:in
2062::
1964:33
1959:27
1954:25
1949:21
1933:30
1917:35
1912:30
1896:41
1891:25
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1399:.
1353:^
1336:.
1325:^
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1128:^
1111:.
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1043:.
1005:^
860:,
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67:,
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36:)
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.