605:’s customers were from overseas, with bookcloth and tracing cloth exports from Salford going to at least 50 countries. The US Government commissioned a study on the industry in 1899 and found that world trade was divided largely between Winterbottom and two or three German firms, who also sourced their best grades from Manchester. Following fifteen years securing world markets through forging new alliances and mergers, in which the merger had restored profitability to the industry while returning huge net profits year-on-year, Winterbottom had restored substantial profitability to his production, and could step back from the business and consider a change of pace. As chairman and managing director of
590:
the
Bamberg Works, keeping up with emerging technologies and markets, while maintaining strict quality control. Winterbottom's uncompromising attention to detail and rejection of new stock that didn't measure up, ensured consistency within all the Group's operations. This was not always easy to apply, particularly in Germany, where he was forced to make changes to staffing to ensure strict compliance with his restrictive confidentiality controls, which preserved corporate intellectual property rights and enforce strict
220:. According to contemporary accounts, it was clear from the outset that he was determined to learn everything possible about bookcloth production, which was to prove crucial in running the company when his father died five years later. Following two years of direct tutelage from his father, Winterbottom was brought formally into the family business with his brother William Dickson Winterbottom in 1881. When Archibald Winterbottom died in 1884, the brothers continued to run
830:
814:. In 1908, Winterbottom donated a cricket ground and built a thatched pavilion for the newly formed Horton House Cricket Club, which thrives today, a living legacy. As a child, he also had a strong artistic flair and had apparently wanted to pursue a career as a painter, which was denied to him. Instead, he supported other artists with commissions, most notably a sequence of large murals by
629:, securing deals to underpin his growing global interests. Over the same period that he was confronting business adversaries with ruthless efficiency around the world, he was also pushing for social reform closer to home, providing medical care for the poor, arguing in public for improved conditions for workers and their families. In 1887 while in London, he started an
33:
175:, making him "one of the wealthiest men of England". Bookcloth took over from more expensive materials like silk and leather as the dominant hardcover bookbinding material in the early 19th century, revolutionising the manufacture and distribution of books. Winterbottom seized the opportunity to effectively
727:
to be held at Horton Park, which became annual events by 1930. He immersed himself in local administration, sitting on committees, organising and hosting charity events, in support of the well-being of his tenantry and those who worked directly for him, and was actively involved in local politics (as
589:
Winterbottom would tolerate no compromise on quality control, with all production standards set by
Victoria Mills, which were subsequently applied to the ten other factories in the Group. Significant investment in new machinery and changes in production methods were required at Interlaken Mills and
585:
corporate group resulted in a near global monopoly, which stabilised prices but risked the disaffection of book manufacturers who had previously been able to shop around to get the best price for their businesses. Winterbottom took a conciliatory approach to dissent, visiting customers to negotiate
544:
Winterbottom continued to grow and consolidate the business in Rhode Island, fending off competition in 1904 with record sales over the next ten years, earning him large sums of money. Twenty-two years after having taken over operations in
America, Winterbottom booked passage with a group of friends
1645:
922:
used in the 19th century for the professional reproduction of decorative patterns, maps and technical drawings. Tracing cloth had provided
Winterbottom with a stable revenue stream, which kept the business solvent while bookcloth prices fluctuated in response to fierce competition as it had for his
257:
business. By 1890, Winterbottom had managed to align a syndicate to control prices consisting of the top four bookcloth companies, including some smaller operators in
England. But Winterbottom saw an opportunity to extend his reach beyond Britain, turning his attention to the United States and to
858:". Winterbottom's contribution to expanding the manufacture and distribution of books around the world were concealed partly by his highly secretive approach, and partly because the formative role played by bookcloth in popularising edition publishing is not widely known outside of the industry.
651:. Two years later, they had their first son together, George Harold Ferguson, followed by a second, Oscar, in 1891. Winterbottom and Minnie married immediately after her divorce from Ferguson came through at the end of 1891 and a third son Dudley was born in 1892. Winterbottom sought to hide the
497:
Following the failure of the bookcloth industry in the US in 1883, the United States
Government formed the view that it was desirable for the American book trade to have at least one local supplier of bookcloth. This view was supported by a group of New England cotton merchants, who opened
1964:
HMSO. "George Harold
Winterbottom in 1894; Oscar Dunstan Winterbottom in 1894; Dudley Dickson Winterbottom in 1894". No. Poynton/3 Feb 1894. Cheshire Archives and Local Studies Transcriptions Family Search. Cheshire Diocese Of Chester Parish Baptisms 1538–1911 Poynton, Cheshire,
541:), visiting every two to three years from 1892 to 1913, accompanied by his wife Minnie in the early years, building a mutually beneficial relationship between British and US operations, which endured for eighty years, long after Winterbottom himself had died.
240:
was formed. Bookcloth production from
Victoria Mills was strong but uneconomic as a result of severe downward pressure on prices caused by the intense competition. Winterbottom opened negotiations with his three main rivals at the peak of the
265:
In 1891, thirty-eight years after the launch of their father's bookcloth business, Winterbottom had absorbed nine of his business competitors in
England, the US and Germany by merging them into The Winterbottom Book Cloth Company Ltd.
841:
Arguably, Winterbottom's greatest achievement was securing a multilateral agreement following protracted negotiations with all the big producers of bookcloth in both the UK, the US and
Germany, leading to the formation of the
586:
deals and easing them into compliance. Lawyers were also kept busy ensuring that partners remained aligned, making minor changes to the original agreement or by threatening his larger partners with his own resignation.
1020:
Minnie's husband, Adolphus Ferguson, had abandoned her and their two children the previous year for the lure of gold in Canada. Though deserted by her husband, Minnie was still married until they secured a divorce in
1056:
Minnie was buried 18 months after she died at the churchyard in Horton next to the main house; Winterbottom mourned her for the rest of his life, keeping a string of pearls belonging to her next to his body until he
493:
reverted to only dyeing but were keen to return to bookcloth and wrote to Winterbottom in 1890 to offer a partnership. The offer was declined, however, as Winterbottom was already making moves of his own in the US.
207:
cotton manufacturer. There is some uncertainty where Winterbottom was educated, but at the age of seventeen, he was apprenticed to the family business (Archibald Winterbottom (Co.)) with his older brother William.
2189:
HMSO. "Louisa Elizabeth Helen Winterbottom in 1902". No. Horton/parish baptisms. Index IRI. Used by permission of FamilySearch Intl. England & Wales Births 1538–1975 Horton, Northamptonshire, England.
228:(AW&S) was created. Winterbottom focused his attention on stabilising the bookcloth market and exploring new business, while his brother consolidated existing production, principally from Victoria Mills.
2321:
Anon (7 November 1902). "The Municipal Elections – Exciting Contests – Defeat of Co-Operative Candidate (Winterbottom) – All the Results". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. St. Helens Newspaper & Advertiser.
258:
Germany as potential export markets. He travelled in the same year to both countries, taking out patents for book binders' cloth even though bookcloth production was already thriving in both countries (
481:
methods of bookbinding, which led to progressive mechanisation. But the US continued throughout the 19th century to depend on England for imported bookcloth from companies that included, among others,
1084:
most of the events were charities linked to relief for the poor such as serving on the committee and chairing the Manchester Eye and Ear Hospital 1889 until closure in 1906, and thereafter to the
763:
In 1902 Winterbottom set about turning his land into a viable business with the same vigour he had applied to bookcloth by studying agriculture. He began by selling off excess woodland and by
666:
Winterbottom and Minnie spent the next ten years alternating between living in London and Manchester, and travelling together for extended breaks to the US in 1892, 1894 and 1896 aboard
1942:
HMSO. "George Harold Winterbottom in 1891". No. Kensington/vol 1A/page 396. bright solid online publishing ltd. England & Wales Marriages 1837–2006 Kensington, London, England.
1953:
HMSO. "Dudley Dickson Winterbottom in 1892". No. Kensington/vol 1A/page 159. bright solid online publishing ltd. England & Wales Births 1837–2006 Kensington, London, England.
1931:
HMSO. "Oscar Dunstan Winterbottom in 1891". No. Kensington/vol 1A/page 166. bright solid online publishing ltd. England & Wales Births 1837–2006 Kensington, London, England.
1373:
Winterbottom, Helen; Sutton Timmis, T.; Winterbottom, WD; Winterbottom, GH (30 August 1887). "Legal Notices". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier.
613:
presented Winterbottom with personal as well as business challenges, particularly to his German assets, but he maintained his global pre-eminence, creating new companies such as the
1552:
1920:
HMSO. "George Harold Ferguson in 1889". No. Kensington/vol 1A/page 174. bright solid online publishing ltd. England & Wales Births 1837–2006 Kensington, London, England.
1411:
1011:
Winterbottom was personally responsible for the development and introduction of Imperial Bookcloth and a patent out on new moisture-resistant bookcloth made of viscose in 1909
1251:
HMSO. "George Harold Winterbottom in 1861". No. Bury/vol 8c/page 434. brightsolid online publishing ltd. England & Wales Births 1837–2006 Bury, Lancashire, England.
932:
or the latest date that these companies have been cited as independent entities, which may well be significantly earlier, particularly if there had been a change in name
659:
where he was living in 1894. As far as society at large was concerned, Winterbottom was married to Louisa Elizabeth Ferguson in 1887, effectively concealing any hint of
1835:
G.H. Winterbottom (7 December 1892). "Correspondence – Manchester and Salford District Providence Society". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 3.
1696:
Anon (20 April 1912). "Narrow Escape of Mr G.H. Winterbottom, J.P., of Horton House". Northamptonshire Archives & Heritage Service. The Northampton Independent.
1461:
Anon (3 December 1891). "Prospectus of The Winterbottom Book Cloth Company Ltd". Vol. XXX, no. 779. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. TRUTH. pp. 1194–1195.
798:
among breeders with his two celebrated herds. Apart from an unknown number of tenant farms, in 1927, Winterbottom employed 60 full-time farm workers on his land.
672:. By 1898, the couple had found their future home: a boarding school in Northamptonshire whose lease was coming up for renewal. In 1899, Winterbottom purchased
1030:
Harold lived in the same street as his father, at Beech House, 59 Eccles Old Road with his mother and sister. By 1897, the growing Winterbottom family moved to
993:
Much of what Winterbottom did was highly restrictive, like installing locked iron doors to ensure that only company directors could move freely about the plants
861:
Hundreds of mourners attended Winterbottom's funeral, spilling out into the churchyard in groups, and lining the road between Horton Hall and the churchyard of
770:
from his own stables, which he continued for the rest of his life. By 1909, with his eye for quality control, Winterbottom's sheep were producing more than 500
1980:. No. Poynton-With-Worth/Film number 1544630. Data provider: Cheshire Archives and Local Studies Transcriptions copyright Family Search. Electoral Rolls.
510:
gradually obtained an increasing share in the US market for bookcloth, threatening the dominance of importation from Winterbottom. By the end of the decade,
950:
ironically, the raw material (cotton) was exported from the US, processed into bookcloth in England, and re-imported at a rate that undercut local production
748:
for Northamptonshire, to which he was re-elected every year until his last, and was elected President of the Citizens' Corps at the outbreak of war in 1914.
2578:
Anon (23 November 1934). "Casket Borne on Farm Wagon – Horton Funeral of Mr. G.H. Winterbottom". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 5.
716:, Winterbottom created a new life for himself as a gentleman farmer, moving his family to Horton as early as May 1902, where his daughter was christened.
477:
Since its inception in 1823, the introduction of bookcloth in the US was largely synchronous with England's, facilitated in the US by the introduction of
1860:
G.H. Winterbottom (31 October 1888). "Correspondence – Expenditure of the Salford Corporation". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 3.
1450:
Anon (1 December 1891). "Prospectus of The Winterbottom Book Cloth Company Ltd". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier.
2266:
Anon (30 March 1928). "Memorial Hall – In Memory of Capt. D. Winterbotoom – at Hackleston". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 2.
1898:
Anon (22 July 1882). "Our Illustrations – Miss Minnie Byron". Image Illustrated London News Group. Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. p. 20.
2255:
Anon (30 April 1906). "Bookbinders' Pension and Asylum Society – The Chairman's Donation". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Islington Gazette. p. 5.
885:
It has been suggested that Winterbottom was educated in Brighton, but this has yet to be independently verified. Winterbottom did play cricket for
1849:
Advertisement (2 February 1889). "Manchester Eye and Ear Hospital, 25 St. John Street". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Blackburn Standard. p. 1.
1038:, six miles from the centre of Manchester, which they rented. Minnie continued performing on stage in Manchester, but preferred living in London.
270:), installing himself as chairman. At the age of thirty in the space of four years, with ruthless efficiency, Winterbottom had ensured that The
2679:
2674:
2459:
Anon (8 October 1915). "Michaelmas Sales – Part of Mr. G.H. Winterbottom's Stock". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 2.
2222:
Anon (10 July 1909). "Manchester Royal Infirmary – Donations to the Building Fund". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 1.
2017:
1421:
1507:
Anon (12 June 1880). "Listing – suppliers of Book Cloth". No. Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Australian and New Zealand Gazette.
1518:
Anon (31 August 1874). "New Companies – John H. Garside & Co". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier.
2448:
Anon (27 August 1915). "Labour Saving – Thirty Acres of Wheat Cut in One Day". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 5.
1620:
Anon (3 December 1890). "Britannic Passenger list". No. Liverpool – New York. Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890–1960. White Star Line.
489:, began producing bookcloth sometime before 1877 but were forced out of the bookcloth business in 1883 by cheaper imports from England.
245:
in 1885, in an effort to control pricing by creating a syndicate, while maintaining overall production quality. After years of damaging
2614:
790:, making up for a shortage of labour by innovating new machinery imported from America. At the end of the war, he expanded his Friesian
609:, he continued to fend off competition, either by acquiring the competitor or by putting them out of business and buying their patents.
2084:
Anon (7 October 1896). "Majestic Passenger list". No. Liverpool – New York. Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890–1960. White Star Line.
2073:
Anon (22 August 1894). "Majestic Passenger list". No. Liverpool – New York. Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890–1960. White Star Line.
846:
in 1891, which dominated the global market during the late 19th Century and through the first half of the 20th century. The relentless
1707:
Anon (18 April 1912). "Adriatic Passenger list". No. Liverpool – New York. Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890–1960. White Star Line.
2233:
Reiss, Alec (1 December 1906). "Letter to the editor – Christmas Appeals". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 10.
684:
10 days later. Winterbottom was traumatised by her death and dedicated himself to completing their dream at Horton in her memory. A
274:
dominated bookcloth trade in Britain and America for the next century and that his brand became the global standard for bookbinding.
2062:
Anon (11 May 1892). "Majestic Passenger list". No. Liverpool – New York. Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890–1960. White Star Line.
960:
236:
Intense competition between bookcloth manufacturers in what was a relatively small market, had been building in Britain long before
1872:
1540:
Anon (25 January 1883). "Classification of Trades". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Commercial Gazette London.
1126:
1893, to 1904 as General Manager; standing for local elections in 1902 as Co-operative candidate; a strong advocate of free-trade;
737:
2664:
2659:
2609:
551:
but was delayed by business at home, forcing him to postpone his passage by a week. Winterbottom travelled to New York aboard
1334:
1235:
1002:
including Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, West in dies, Japan, Korea, Persia Syria and Australia
2288:
Anon (16 August 1918). "Mainly Personal – Mr. G.H. Winterbottom". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 5.
2135:
HMSO (29 May 1901). "England & Wales Government Probate Death Index 1858–2019". No. Lancashire England. HMSO. HMSO.
521:
into his emerging syndicate. In 1890, he filed two patents in the US for bookbinders' cloth as the assignee on behalf of
432:
416:
2503:
Anon (24 June 1905). "Manchester vs Surrey – Old Players". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Evening News. p. 6.
971:
Winterbottom disembarked in New York on the 12th of December, 1890 but didn't seal the deal until the following February.
709:
533:
to continue trading under its own name with its own board of directors. Winterbottom himself became very friendly with
2415:
Anon (16 November 1934). "Passing of Mr. G.H. Winterbottom". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 9.
1485:
Anon (7 January 1831). "News". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. London Courier and Evening Gazette.
774:
per year, fetching the highest prices in the county. By 1913, he diversified into cattle, choosing carefully selecting
2669:
2619:
751:
In 1913, 12 years after the death of his first wife, Winterbottom married Georgina McLeod, the daughter of a Scottish
680:, and completely re-furbished the interior. Minnie gave birth to a daughter in London on March 18, 1901, but died of
2333:
Anon (30 June 1911). "Unionist Free Trader's Experience". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 8.
506:
with the express intent of supplying bookcloth to the local printing and bookbinding industry. As production began,
2095:
Anon (9 December 1932). "Northamptonshire Houses – 32". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 10.
1085:
819:
2344:
Anon (28 November 1924). "Sir John Brunner". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Chronicle and Echo. p. 3.
1824:
Anon (3 September 1925). "Big New Silk Companies". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Birmingham Daily Gazette. p. 7.
2654:
1496:
Anon (19 February 1884). "Listing". No. Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. The Englisman's Overland Mail.
2200:
Anon (23 May 1902). "Forester's Fete at Horton Park". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 6.
2051:
Anon (9 December 1899). "Theatre". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Evening News.
2639:
2594:
862:
701:
591:
192:
46:
617:, to take advantage of new markets and new technology in water proofing, as well as new synthetic materials.
2644:
2604:
2481:
Anon (3 June 1884). "Lancashire Colts Match". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Nottingham Evening Post. p. 3.
2426:
Anon (25 June 1909). "Mr. Winterbottom's Horses". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 2.
1529:
Anon (23 December 1887). "News". No. Daily Newspaper. THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Derby Daily Telegraph.
1031:
906:
in this way, though not unusual for the time, is considered anti-competitive today, in opposition to modern
655:
of their first two sons by having all three christened "Winterbottom" in a remote country parish outside of
652:
503:
464:
2437:
Anon (25 June 1909). "Wool Fairs – Northampton". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 2.
2040:
Anon (1 April 1898). "Adlington". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Alderley & Wilmslow Advertiser. p. 5.
1047:
It is likely that Minnie had been involved in every part of the project to purchase and refurbish the house
2277:
Anon (26 August 1932). "British Legion Notes". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 13.
811:
196:
150:
2355:
Anon (2 March 1906). "About Town and Country". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 5.
1813:
Anon (3 September 1918). "New Companies". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Birmingham Daily Gazette. p. 7.
2366:
Anon (18 May 1906). "New County Magistrates". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 8.
1270:
1123:
689:
681:
2388:
Anon (20 November 1917). "Citizens' Corps". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 13.
1149:
1075:
By 1927, Winterbottom employed 14 resident domestic staff, 14 resident gardeners and 60 farm labourers.
517:
Rather than engaging in another damaging price war like that in England, Winterbottom decided to bring
179:
the production and supply of high quality bookcloth, which facilitated a country life for himself as a
2492:
Anon (23 July 1885). "Manchester v Western". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 5.
2399:
HMSO (1913). "England & Wales Marriages 1837–2005". No. Sevenoaks, Kent, England. HMSO. HMSO.
2634:
2624:
2599:
2514:
Anon (25 July 1913). "Police at Cricket". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 11.
2377:
Anon (7 April 1933). "New Justices Sworn". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 7.
2211:
Anon (27 June 1930). "A casual look round". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Herald. p. 5.
764:
2299:
Anon (7 October 1893). "St Helen's". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Liverpool Weekly Courier. p. 6.
2244:
Anon (7 October 1893). "St. Helens". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Liverpool Weekly Courier. p. 6.
217:
668:
648:
566:
553:
254:
2552:
2124:
Anon (22 March 1901). "Births, marriages and deaths". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Globe. p. 7.
2649:
2629:
2164:
2007:
1205:
1119:
1097:
Chairman and principle donor for the Bookbinders' Pension and Asylum Society; builds a beautiful
1066:
Two children from Minnie's previous marriage to Adolphus Ferguson plus the four they had together
1802:
Anon (4 October 1918). "Local News". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Northampton Mercury. p. 9.
810:
since his early twenties, and as an "Old Player" at Horton, sponsoring annual matches with the
2013:
1417:
1231:
775:
719:
Winterbottom opened his gates to the general public in May 1902 for the first of many charity
246:
1909:
Anon (12 February 1887). "Miss Minnie Byron". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. The Era. p. 2.
1197:
634:
180:
2470:
Anon (15 August 1876). "Cricket". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 5.
1319:
Anon (15 August 1876). "Cricket". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. Manchester Courier. p. 3.
2526:
907:
829:
713:
677:
2113:. Hackleton: Maureen Williams in association with Hackleton Village Hall. pp. 11–14.
806:
As a child, Winterbottom had always been a keen sportsman, playing cricket at school, at
786:
as part of the war effort, he was able to sell off excess livestock and began ramping up
2310:
Anon (11 April 1904). "District News – St Helens". THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. p. 9.
1088:; Secretary to the Providence Society 1906; relief for striking miners; famine in India;
514:
though dominant, was being undercut by local merchants with inferior quality bookcloth.
1719:
1106:
815:
807:
278:
Companies merged into the Winterbottom Book Cloth Co. Ltd. after 1892 and their assets
249:, the remaining companies were struggling to survive but it was an uneven struggle as
2588:
1553:"Case Construction, Cloth Covered Book Manufacturing In the United States, 1820–1850"
1209:
919:
850:
who personified his business ventures, existed simultaneously with the more pastoral
697:
685:
644:
168:
1098:
903:
733:
639:
353:
200:
837:
in a self-driving chair (8-year-old grandson riding pillion) months before he died
1201:
834:
823:
783:
767:
673:
610:
478:
400:
253:
losses from the bookcloth business were to some extent offset by their thriving
172:
61:
745:
741:
729:
626:
598:
385:
369:
204:
1297:
889:
aged 16, which was located on Eccles Old Road near to where his family lived.
1102:
795:
705:
242:
216:
In 1879 Winterbottom began his apprenticeship in his father's cotton mill,
32:
1188:
Krupp, Andrea (March 2006). "Bookcloth in England and America, 1823–50".
1035:
724:
693:
176:
2168:
2152:
720:
660:
656:
547:
448:
322:
306:
899:
752:
630:
338:
625:
In the late 1880s Winterbottom frequently travelled to London from
565:
returned to Liverpool on the 2nd of May with some of the surviving
828:
791:
787:
779:
171:
business magnate, who dominated global bookcloth manufacture for
1995:(105th ed.). London: Burke's Peerage Limited. p. 2862.
818:
for Horton Hall, most of which are now on public display at the
771:
1413:
Architectural Records: Managing Design and Construction Records
1278:. Saddleworth Historical Society: Library Registry. p. 162
633:
with Louisa Elizabeth Ferguson (née Babb), better known in the
982:
Bleicherei Färberei und Appretur-Anstalt AG. Geschäftsbericht
1844:
1842:
203:
wool milling family, and Helen (née Woolley), daughter of a
224:(Co.) as executors until probate was released in 1887, and
1879:. Internet Archive. The Victoria Daily Colonist. p. 5
1230:. Stockport, Cheshire: Dorothy Tomlinson. pp. 1–143.
1221:
1219:
16:
British business magnate and gentleman farmer (1861–1934)
1416:. Chicago: Society of American Archivists. p. 250.
688:
with the responsibility for six children, as well as a
2009:
Rosa Ann Machin – a life in service, a love unrequited
918:
Tracing cloth made from cotton was the fore-runner to
1154:(2nd ed.). New York: RR Bowker. pp. 131–180
581:
Bringing operations from the US and Germany into the
525:. Winterbottom then travelled to America and bought
1190:
The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
597:
Exports made a vital contribution to Winterbottom's
529:, in an apparently amicable takeover, which allowed
1976:Anon (1897). "George Harold Winterbottom in 1897".
902:. The practice of achieving a virtual monopoly by
865:, where he is interred with his first wife Minnie.
143:
114:
68:
54:
39:
23:
980:The Bamberg works by 1902 was called Bleicherei: "
941:Hackney Wick Bleaching, Dyeing and Finishing Works
485:(Co.). Local manufacturers of bookcloth like the
601:. By the turn of the century, a quarter of the
647:celebrated for her stage roles in variety and
1410:Lowell, Waverly B.; Nelb, Tawny Ryan (2006).
1226:Tomlinson, William; Masters, Richard (1996).
822:, and which continue to mystify and intrigue
8:
561:had gone down with the loss of 1,500 lives.
2104:
2102:
755:, and had two more sons, Ian and Alistair.
961:New York Dyeing and Printing Establishment
676:and together, they set about adding a new
31:
20:
2146:
2144:
2142:
1993:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage
2410:
2408:
2406:
1646:""G.H. Winterbottom" in Passenger Lists"
1143:
1141:
276:
2153:"Brangwyn and the Horton House mystery"
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1137:
878:
91: 1891; died 1901)
1560:Publishers' Bindings Online, 1815–1930
1328:
1326:
1173:Anon (27 January 1935). "Obituaries".
1118:was a Liberal in politics; manager of
2111:Horton Hall (Gone, but not forgotten)
736:upbringing. Winterbottom was elected
7:
1151:The rise of American edition binding
557:on April 18, 1912, three days after
232:The Winterbottom Book Cloth Company
130:Louise Elizabeth Helen Winterbottom
473:United States bookcloth production
199:, a self-made entrepreneur from a
14:
1718:Othfors, Daniel (23 March 2018).
1335:"Winterbottom Book Cloth Co. Ltd"
744:in the same year, sitting on the
335:Hoxton Dyeing and Finishing Works
297:Archibald Winterbottom & Sons
1788:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1775:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1749:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1736:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1682:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1669:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1630:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1606:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1593:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1436:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1396:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1383:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1359:Tomlinson & Masters (1996),
1122:and later co-operative party of
738:High Sheriff of Northamptonshire
1339:Science Museum Group Collection
1148:Rogers, Joseph William (1967).
844:Winterbottom Book Cloth Company
376:John H. Gartside & Co. Ltd.
226:Archibald Winterbottom and Sons
104:
88:
898:today, this would be called a
856:a quiet interest in the County
313:Samuel Dewhurst & Co. Ltd.
1:
833:Winterbottom cruising around
615:Manchester Book Cloth Company
537:managers and their families (
433:Pendleton, Greater Manchester
417:Castleton, Greater Manchester
195:in 1861, the youngest son of
121:George Harold Winterbottom Jr
25:George Harold Winterbottom JP
2680:20th-century English farmers
2675:19th-century English farmers
1978:Cheshire Electoral Registers
407:Samuel Barlow & Co. Ltd.
2525:Horton House Cricket Club.
1333:Science Museum Collection.
1298:"Alumni – Old Brightonians"
1202:10.1086/pbsa.100.1.24293830
732:), with strong ties to his
127:Dudley Dickson Winterbottom
74:Louisa Elizabeth Ferguson "
2696:
2615:Cotton industry in England
2557:Dunedin Public Art Gallery
2109:Williams, Maureen (2019).
1341:. THE SCIENCE MUSEUM GROUP
1086:Manchester Royal Infirmary
820:Dunedin Public Art Gallery
165:George Harold Winterbottom
124:Oscar Dunstan Winterbottom
2531:Horton House Cricket Club
2012:. Boston: Richard Lukey.
1871:Anon (28 November 1891).
291:
288:
285:
282:
191:Winterbottom was born in
30:
794:, making Winterbottom a
592:competitive intelligence
47:Bury, Greater Manchester
2157:The British Art Journal
2006:Lukey, Richard (2023).
1991:Townend, Peter (1970).
1562:. University of Alabama
1269:Dorey, Susan J (2010).
504:Arkwright, Rhode Island
491:Staten Island Dye Works
487:Staten Island Dye Works
465:Arkwright, Rhode Island
382:Chapel Hill Cotton Mill
2665:English art collectors
2660:People from Manchester
2610:British businesspeople
2559:. Dunedin City Council
2151:Horner, Libby (2005).
1724:The Great Ocean Liners
838:
692:of some 4,000 acres,
483:Archibald Winterbottom
222:Archibald Winterbottom
197:Archibald Winterbottom
151:Archibald Winterbottom
1272:A Winterbottom Family
923:father decades before
832:
746:Grand Jury of Assizes
423:WRC Goulden & Co.
329:Wilson & Bentleys
136:Alistair Winterbottom
2553:"sir frank brangwyn"
1120:Co-operative Society
869:Notes and references
700:and the villages of
649:Victorian burlesques
183:and philanthropist.
1644:Winterbottom, G.H.
1228:Bookcloth 1823–1980
1105:; President of the
740:in 1906, elected a
545:to New York aboard
360:Law, Sons & Co.
319:Broughton Dye Works
279:
2670:English landowners
2620:English Unitarians
1300:. Brighton College
959:also known as the
839:
812:local constabulary
637:by her stage name
569:and management of
439:JJ Weber & Co.
397:Buckton Vale Works
350:Hackney Wick Works
286:Independent since
277:
2019:978-1-5272415-4-1
1423:978-1-945246-78-4
863:St. Mary's church
854:, who projected "
479:case construction
470:
469:
247:predatory pricing
162:
161:
2687:
2655:Print production
2580:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2148:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1877:Internet Archive
1868:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1145:
1127:
1116:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
978:
972:
969:
963:
957:
951:
948:
942:
939:
933:
930:
924:
916:
910:
896:
890:
883:
852:gentleman farmer
848:business magnate
788:wheat production
621:Gentleman farmer
527:Interlaken Mills
519:Interlaken Mills
512:Interlaken Mills
508:Interlaken Mills
500:Interlaken Mills
461:Interlaken Mills
455:Interlaken Mills
280:
212:Business magnate
181:gentleman farmer
133:Ian Winterbottom
108:
106:
92:
90:
58:15 November 1934
35:
21:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2640:Book publishing
2595:Cloth merchants
2585:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1762:Rogers (1967),
1761:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1720:"Adriatic (II)"
1717:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1580:Rogers (1967),
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1471:Rogers (1967),
1470:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1117:
1113:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
979:
975:
970:
966:
958:
954:
949:
945:
940:
936:
931:
927:
917:
913:
908:competition law
897:
893:
884:
880:
876:
871:
804:
780:milk production
761:
714:Preston Deanery
682:puerperal fever
623:
579:
475:
429:Pendleton Mills
413:Stakehill Works
366:Foots Cray Mill
292:Asset Location
289:Assets (Mills)
234:
214:
189:
158:
139:
110:
107: 1913)
102:
98:
97:Georgina McLeod
94:
86:
82:
79:
64:
59:
50:
44:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2645:Graphic design
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:Industrialists
2602:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2543:
2527:"Club History"
2517:
2506:
2495:
2484:
2473:
2462:
2451:
2440:
2429:
2418:
2402:
2391:
2380:
2369:
2358:
2347:
2336:
2325:
2313:
2302:
2291:
2280:
2269:
2258:
2247:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2098:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2054:
2043:
2032:
2018:
1998:
1983:
1968:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1912:
1901:
1890:
1863:
1852:
1838:
1827:
1816:
1805:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1710:
1699:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1650:Genes Reunited
1636:
1623:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1543:
1532:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1488:
1477:
1464:
1453:
1442:
1429:
1422:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1365:
1352:
1322:
1311:
1289:
1254:
1243:
1236:
1215:
1180:
1175:New York Times
1165:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1111:
1107:British Legion
1090:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1023:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
973:
964:
952:
943:
934:
925:
911:
891:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
824:art historians
816:Frank Brangwyn
803:
800:
796:household name
760:
757:
622:
619:
578:
575:
474:
471:
468:
467:
462:
459:
456:
452:
451:
446:
443:
440:
436:
435:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
398:
395:
392:
389:
388:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
367:
364:
361:
357:
356:
351:
348:
345:
342:
341:
336:
333:
330:
326:
325:
320:
317:
314:
310:
309:
304:
303:Victoria Mills
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
233:
230:
218:Victoria Mills
213:
210:
188:
185:
160:
159:
157:
156:
153:
147:
145:
141:
140:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
118:
116:
112:
111:
100:
96:
95:
84:
80:
73:
72:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2692:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2488:
2485:
2477:
2474:
2466:
2463:
2455:
2452:
2444:
2441:
2433:
2430:
2422:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2373:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2351:
2348:
2340:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2317:
2314:
2306:
2303:
2295:
2292:
2284:
2281:
2273:
2270:
2262:
2259:
2251:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2207:
2204:
2196:
2193:
2185:
2182:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2128:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2088:
2080:
2077:
2069:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2047:
2044:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1960:
1957:
1949:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1927:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1894:
1891:
1878:
1874:
1873:"Put Asunder"
1867:
1864:
1856:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1828:
1820:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1561:
1554:
1551:Frost, Gary.
1547:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1525:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1503:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1312:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
987:
983:
977:
974:
968:
965:
962:
956:
953:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
921:
920:tracing paper
915:
912:
909:
905:
901:
895:
892:
888:
882:
879:
873:
868:
866:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
836:
831:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
758:
756:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:single parent
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:Mezzo Soprano
642:
641:
636:
632:
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
587:
584:
577:Consolidation
576:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:
550:
549:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
495:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
445:Bamberg Works
444:
441:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
391:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:
281:
275:
273:
269:
263:
261:
256:
255:tracing cloth
252:
248:
244:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
211:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
155:Helen Woolley
154:
152:
149:
148:
146:
142:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
117:
113:
77:
71:
67:
63:
57:
53:
48:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2556:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:
2520:
2509:
2498:
2487:
2476:
2465:
2454:
2443:
2432:
2421:
2394:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
2339:
2328:
2316:
2305:
2294:
2283:
2272:
2261:
2250:
2239:
2228:
2217:
2206:
2195:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2163:(2): 40–51.
2160:
2156:
2130:
2119:
2110:
2090:
2079:
2068:
2057:
2046:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2008:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1977:
1971:
1959:
1948:
1937:
1926:
1915:
1904:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1876:
1866:
1855:
1830:
1819:
1808:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1732:
1723:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1559:
1546:
1535:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1456:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1338:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1271:
1246:
1227:
1196:(1): 25–87.
1193:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1150:
1114:
1099:Village Hall
1093:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1052:
1043:
1026:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
981:
976:
967:
955:
946:
937:
928:
914:
904:price-fixing
894:
886:
881:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:
808:County level
805:
768:Shire horses
762:
750:
718:
698:tenant farms
690:stately home
667:
665:
653:illegitimacy
640:Minnie Byron
638:
624:
614:
606:
602:
596:
588:
582:
580:
570:
562:
558:
552:
546:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
516:
511:
507:
499:
496:
490:
486:
482:
476:
354:Hackney Wick
271:
267:
264:
259:
250:
237:
235:
225:
221:
215:
201:Huddersfield
190:
164:
163:
78:" (née Babb)
75:
18:
2635:Book design
2625:Bookbinding
2600:Bookbinders
835:Horton Park
784:World War I
759:Agriculture
730:free-trader
674:Horton Hall
611:World War I
594:protocols.
401:Stalybridge
173:bookbinding
62:Horton Hall
2589:Categories
2322:p. 3.
1766:, p167-168
1237:0952773600
1133:References
1124:St. Helens
1032:The Towers
782:. During
778:stock for
742:Magistrate
710:Piddington
627:Manchester
599:net income
535:Interlaken
531:Interlaken
386:Dukinfield
370:Foots Cray
187:Early life
177:monopolise
2650:Paper art
2630:Book arts
2536:7 October
1883:7 October
1792:, pp35-36
1779:, pp33-34
1753:, pp30-32
1740:, pp28-29
1686:, pp82-83
1610:, pp76-79
1440:, pp26-27
1387:, pp22-23
1210:146935224
1103:Hackleton
734:Unitarian
706:Hackleton
243:price war
205:Mancunian
169:Edwardian
2169:41614624
1965:England.
1790:Op. Cit.
1777:Op. Cit.
1764:Op. Cit.
1751:Op. Cit.
1738:Op. Cit.
1684:Op. Cit.
1671:Op. Cit.
1632:Op. Cit.
1608:Op. Cit.
1595:Op. Cit.
1582:Op. Cit.
1473:Op. Cit.
1438:Op. Cit.
1398:Op. Cit.
1385:Op. Cit.
1361:Op. Cit.
1282:30 April
1036:Didsbury
776:Friesian
765:breeding
694:landlord
669:Majestic
635:West End
563:Adriatic
554:Adriatic
523:AW&S
283:Company
251:AW&S
238:AW&S
115:Children
2174:16 July
2025:19 July
1566:14 June
1158:14 June
887:Western
772:fleeces
661:scandal
657:Poynton
571:Titanic
559:Titanic
548:Titanic
449:Bamberg
323:Salford
307:Salford
167:was an
144:Parents
109:
101:
93:
85:
81:
49:England
2563:3 July
2551:Anon.
2167:
2016:
1655:1 July
1584:, p165
1475:, p164
1420:
1345:4 June
1304:4 June
1234:
1208:
900:cartel
802:Legacy
753:cleric
702:Horton
631:affair
339:Hoxton
76:Minnie
69:Spouse
2165:JSTOR
1673:, p85
1634:, p78
1597:, p76
1556:(PDF)
1400:, p25
1363:, p20
1276:(PDF)
1206:S2CID
1057:died.
1021:1891.
874:Notes
792:breed
725:galas
721:fêtes
539:ibid.
502:, in
347:1891?
260:ibid.
103:(
99:
87:(
83:
2565:2023
2538:2020
2176:2023
2027:2023
2014:ISBN
1885:2020
1657:2023
1568:2023
1418:ISBN
1347:2023
1306:2023
1284:2023
1232:ISBN
1160:2023
723:and
712:and
678:wing
643:, a
607:WBCC
603:WBCC
583:WBCC
567:crew
458:1883
442:1891
426:1891
410:1883
394:1887
379:1874
363:1880
332:1884
316:1831
300:1887
272:WBCC
268:WBCC
193:Bury
55:Died
43:1861
40:Born
1198:doi
1194:100
1101:at
1034:in
696:to
262:).
2591::
2555:.
2529:.
2405:^
2159:.
2155:.
2141:^
2101:^
1875:.
1841:^
1722:.
1648:.
1558:.
1337:.
1325:^
1257:^
1218:^
1204:.
1192:.
1140:^
826:.
728:a
708:,
704:,
663:.
573:.
105:m.
89:m.
2567:.
2540:.
2178:.
2161:6
2029:.
1887:.
1726:.
1659:.
1570:.
1426:.
1349:.
1308:.
1286:.
1240:.
1212:.
1200::
1177:.
1162:.
1109:;
984:"
266:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
