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already been found by the military. After failing to locate Sawyer and Ritte, the three men waited to be picked up by Sluggo Hahn, but he never came. Hahn's boat would later be found sunk off the pier in Kihei with its bilge plugs removed. On March 7, the three decided to return to Maui. They had a long board, a short board, and a pair of fins between them. The weather was treacherous with high winds, small craft warnings, and pounding waves on the shoreline. On the entry to the water, Helm sustained a gash to his head. Once they were in the water, it was obvious that the currents and ocean conditions were going to prevent them from reaching Maui. At this point, Billy
Mitchell took the long board and headed back to Kaho'olawe to get help. It took him a good part of the day to reach the shore and walk across the island to notify the Navy of the situation and to get the Coast Guard involved in a rescue operation. Helm and Kimo Mitchell were last seen near the islet of
1005:
32:
273:, they are played regularly on Hawaiian music stations. Generations later, George Helm's music is still inspirational to many, both because it is considered to be some of the finest examples of Hawaiian falsetto ever created, and because it embodies a powerful expression of the Hawaiian soul. The popular song, "Hawaiian Soul," by
248:
Concerned for Walter Ritte and
Richard Sawyer, George Helm set out — first by boat, then by surfboard — to Kahoʻolawe, with fisherman and park ranger Kimo Mitchell and water expert Billy Mitchell (unrelated) on March 5, 1977. They reached the island, but unbeknownst to them, Sawyer and Ritte had
240:(Helm, Walter Ritte, Richard Sawyer, Charles Warrington, and Francis Kaʻuhane) landed on Kahoʻolawe in an attempt to gain greater public recognition of the struggle. Everyone was arrested except for Ritte and Sawyer, who stayed hidden on the island for 35 days, with limited food and water.
174:, and participated in the formation of the Protecting Kaho'olawe'auhana organization to end the U.S. Navy's bombing of the island. In 1976, he and nine activists occupied the island. On March 7, 1977, he left for Kaho'olawe and his whereabouts are unknown.
224:
by the U.S. Navy. In 1976, nine activists occupied the island of Kahoʻolawe and Helm was one of them. He was moved intensely by the power and beauty of the island, and dedicated the rest of his life to fighting for its protection.
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295:"There is man and there is environment. One does not supersede the other. The breath in man is the breath of Papa. Man is merely the caretaker of the land that maintains his life and nourishes his soul. Therefore, the
438:
236:, where he proved to be a persuasive writer and orator for Kahoʻolawe's protection. However, the bombing continued. More Kahoʻolawe landings by protesters ensued, and on January 30, 1977, five
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vocalists, and he played fast, complex guitar parts while singing in an "almost inhuman" vocal range. He was a powerful speaker, writer, and "revolutionary" philosopher who pioneered many
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concepts. He was considered, as his posthumous album title suggests, a "True
Hawaiian" who surfed, fished, farmed, loved, sang, worshipped, and thought in the ways of old.
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1010:
Blackford, Mansel G. (September 2004). "Environmental
Justice, Native Rights, Tourism, and Opposition to Military Control: The Case of Kaho'olawe".
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George
Jarrett Helm Jr. was born on March 23, 1950, to George Jarrett Helm Sr. and Melanie Koko Helm. He was the fifth of seven children.
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on Oahu in 1968. While at St. Louis, he studied under
Hawaiian cultural experts John Keola Lake and Kahauanu Lake. In 1975, he joined the
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is sacred. The church of life is not in a building, it is the open sky, the surrounding ocean, the beautiful soil...."
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Pages 1 & 2 of House
Resolution # 493, House of Representatives, Eighth Legislature, 1976, State of Hawaii
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is to young surfers. Although his only musical recordings were made with minimal technology in a local
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Nihipali, Kunani; Pa, Ho'oipo
Kalaena'auao; Kanahele, Pu'uhonua "Bumpy" (February 22, 2004).
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366:"40 years after men's disappearance at sea, their vision for Kahoolawe has become a reality"
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movement's greatest heroes; among young activists, he is as legendary as the great
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Helm, stating "We were touched by some force that pushed us into commitment." (
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696:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: DownloadCentric Corporation. 10. Hawaiian Soul.
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429:"Honolulu Magazine | The HONOLULU 100 - George Helm Jr. to Eddie Kamae"
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Na Mana'o Aloha o Kaho'olawe: Hawai'i
Warriors Love for Land and Culture
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857:"E pule kâkou. - Let us pray. Nâ Pule Hawai'i - Hawaiian Prayers"
437:. Honolulu, HI, USA: PacificBasin Communications. November 2005.
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818:"Commentary: Akaka bill doesn't right wrongs done to Hawaiians"
592:
HoʻiHoʻi Hou, a tribute to George Helm Jr. & Kimo
Mitchell
25:
916:. Honolulu, HI, USA: Oahu Publications Inc., a Subsidiary of
470:. Honolulu, HI, USA: Oahu Publications Inc., a Subsidiary of
232:, 1976), appealed to the Hawaii State legislature and to the
462:"George Helm Jr.'s soulful music helped solidify a movement"
280:
In 2020, filmmaker ‘Āina Paikai released a 19-minute film,
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by Billy Mitchell, who was the only survivor of the group.
1172:"George Helm's soulful music helped solidify a movement"
1078:. Honolulu, HI, USA: Pacific Travelogue Inc. p. 3.
598:. Vol. 22. Honolulu, HI, USA: Bamboo Ridge Press.
976:
PKO saved the island, but has the group lost its way?
216:, a Hawaiian-led organization that sought to end the
908:"George Helm: Man of song died pursuing sovereignty"
534:. Honolulu, HI, USA: Aloha 'Aina o na Kupuna, Inc.
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139:(March 23, 1950 - disappeared March 7, 1977) was a
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118:
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309:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
596:Bamboo Ridge : the Hawaii writers quarterly
261:Today, George Helm Jr. is hailed as one of the
984:"ICE Case Study: Kaho'olawe and the Military"
763:Fernandez-Akamine, Puanani (March 30, 2020).
736:Osorio, Jon; Borden, Randy (April 13, 2012).
277:and Randy Borden, was written in his memory.
8:
530:Ritte, Jr., Walter; Sawyer, Richard (1978).
383:"The Music of George Helm - A True Hawaiian"
1170:Enomoto, Catherine Kekoa (March 11, 1996).
460:Enomoto, Catherine Kekoa (March 19, 1996).
1098:Enomoto, Kekoa Catherine (April 4, 2006).
340:University of Hawaii Board of Publications
208:Helm began his front-line activism in the
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80:
1145:Mitchell, Harry Kunihi (April 13, 2012).
742:HUAPALA: Hawaiian Music and Hula Archives
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
906:Burlingame, Burl (September 25, 1999).
320:
887:"Sovereign Stories: George Helm plays"
627:TenBruggencate, Jan (March 16, 2008).
185:Helm was one of the greatest Hawaiian
986:. Washington, DC, USA. Archived from
7:
1132:from the original on August 10, 2007
1100:"The Kaho'olawe Nine 30 Years Later"
1068:Wood, Paul Devlin (April–May 2006).
1026:Organization of American Historians
795:Hawaiʻi International Film Festival
1239:20th-century American male singers
561:Momona, ʻĀina (December 2, 2020).
441:from the original on March 4, 2016
346:from the original on June 16, 2022
41:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
954:Conrow, Joan (February 8, 2006).
669:"George Helm – A Hawaiian Legacy"
1151:Hawaiian Music and Hula Archives
1003:
667:Vance, Kamuela (March 7, 2011).
508:"kahoolawe catalog | 77.78"
494:"kahoolawe catalog | 76.78"
51:guide to writing better articles
30:
1013:The Journal of American History
753:Written in honor of George Helm
328:McKinley, Ryan (May 22, 2007).
19:For the English cricketer, see
1284:American nonviolence advocates
1269:Missing person cases in Hawaii
1259:American anti-racism activists
1:
1234:20th-century American singers
982:Lewis, Cheryl (Spring 2001).
330:"The music of George Helm Jr"
178:Early life and musical career
1249:American community activists
122:March 7, 1977 (aged 26)
1244:American anti-war activists
1020:(2). Bloomington, IN, USA:
130:Hawaiian activism and music
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1254:American environmentalists
1224:1970s missing person cases
1108:. Wailuku, Maui, HI, USA:
771:. Vol. 37, no. 4
18:
1274:Native Hawaiian activists
1176:archives.starbulletin.com
590:, ed. (January 1, 1984).
214:Protect Kahoʻolawe ʻOhana
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935:"Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi"
1063:(subscription required)
1022:Oxford University Press
956:"Rebuilding Kaho'olawe"
823:The Honolulu Advertiser
694:"A Place Called Hawaii"
634:The Honolulu Advertiser
137:George Jarrett Helm Jr.
45:used on Knowledge (XXG)
21:George Helm (cricketer)
1279:Native Hawaiian people
913:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
467:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
205:
49:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
990:on September 26, 2010
958:. Honolulu, HI, USA:
826:. Honolulu, HI, USA:
726:Audio sample of song.
637:. Honolulu, HI, USA:
338:. Honolulu, HI, USA:
284:, about Helm's life.
204:
164:St. Louis High School
716:on February 21, 2013
191:Hawaiian sovereignty
162:. He graduated from
1294:Singers from Hawaii
966:on February 4, 2012
941:on November 4, 2008
863:on October 26, 2009
510:. November 10, 2010
496:. November 10, 2010
409:on February 4, 2012
1289:People lost at sea
1157:on October 3, 2012
1147:"Mele O Kahoolawe"
933:Osorio, Jonathan.
893:on August 28, 2008
797:. November 5, 2020
629:"Legend of a hero"
206:
1070:"The Way Forward"
673:Kingdom of Hawaii
220:of the island of
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1229:1977 deaths
1219:1950 births
1200:December 9,
1181:December 9,
1161:December 8,
1136:December 8,
1089:December 8,
1028:: 544–571.
994:December 8,
970:December 8,
945:December 8,
924:December 8,
918:Black Press
897:December 8,
801:December 9,
775:December 9,
747:December 8,
514:December 8,
500:December 8,
478:December 8,
472:Black Press
445:December 6,
413:December 8,
350:December 8,
267:Eddie Aikau
263:Aloha ʻĀina
119:Disappeared
1213:Categories
769:Ka Wai Ola
702:B000078JK4
567:ainamomona
540:B0006Y07P8
391:B003M7J054
315:References
275:Jon Osorio
222:Kahoʻolawe
106:1950-03-23
1118:8750-457X
1075:Hana Hou!
1058:645322308
1042:0021-8723
238:activists
1130:Archived
1084:39445165
1024:for the
710:52612749
614:23139318
439:Archived
434:Honolulu
399:41616363
344:Archived
303:See also
251:Molokini
210:Molokaʻi
197:Activism
187:falsetto
148:musician
144:activist
1126:8807554
1050:3660711
836:8807414
647:8807414
548:8661294
403:9058443
218:bombing
172:Molokai
156:Molokai
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288:Quotes
257:Legacy
160:Hawaii
152:Kalama
113:Hawaii
1046:JSTOR
297:ʻāina
150:from
1202:2020
1183:2020
1163:2012
1138:2012
1122:OCLC
1114:ISSN
1091:2012
1080:OCLC
1054:OCLC
1038:ISSN
996:2012
972:2012
947:2012
926:2012
899:2012
869:2012
843:2012
832:OCLC
803:2020
777:2020
749:2012
722:2012
706:OCLC
698:ASIN
680:2012
654:2012
643:OCLC
610:OCLC
600:ISBN
574:2024
544:OCLC
536:ASIN
516:2012
502:2012
480:2012
447:2012
415:2012
395:OCLC
387:ASIN
352:2012
146:and
100:Born
1030:doi
920:Ltd
474:Ltd
271:bar
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