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760:. The equipment of the medical school included laboratories of chemistry and bacteriology, and a liberal-minded policy was adopted in the supply of laboratory supplies to the larger military hospitals. With the Spanish–American War and its epidemic of typhoid fever, the problem of field hospitalization was confronted with fair success. (He was subjected to much criticism for conditions at these hospitals, but made little reply.) Sternberg created the
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transmission of this pestilence. Veteran of three wars, breveted for bravery in action in the Civil War and the Nez Perce Wars. Served as
Surgeon General of United States Army for period of nine years including the Spanish War. Founder of the Army Medical School. Scientist, author and philanthropist. M. D., LL. D.
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Sternberg was retired on account of age on June 8, 1902, and devoted the later years of his life to social welfare activities in
Washington, particularly to the sanitary improvement of dwellings and to the care of tuberculous patients. Sternberg died at his home in Washington, on November 3, 1915. He
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Pioneer
American Bacteriologist, distinguished by his studies of the causation and prevention of infectious diseases, by his discovery of the microorganism causing pneumonia, and scientific investigations of yellow fever, which paved the way for the experimental demonstration of the mode of
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patients, and at the latter post, he contracted the disease himself. He had earlier noted the efficiency of moving inhabitants out of an infested environment and successfully applied that method to the
Barrancas garrison. At about this time, Sternberg published two articles in the
725:, the first exhaustive treatise on the subject produced in the United States. With the retirement of Surgeon General Sutherland (May 1893), Sternberg, along with many others, submitted his claims for consideration for the vacancy. Although hardly the seniormost officer in the
572:("An Inquiry into the Modus Operandi of the Yellow Fever Poison," July 1875, and "A Study of the Natural History of Yellow Fever," March 1877) which gained him status as an authority on yellow fever. While convalescing from his bout with the disease in 1877 he was ordered to
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cholera epidemic of 1892 he was detailed for duty with the New York quarantine station as a consultant on disinfection as applied to ships, their personnel, and cargo. Although some cases of the disease reached United States shores, none developed within the country.
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The years following the war followed the pattern of frequent moves typical of junior medical officers of the day. He married Louisa
Russell, daughter of Robert Russell of Cooperstown, on October 19, 1865, and took his bride to
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at the seminary, which was a
Lutheran school. As an eldest child of a large family and he was given adult responsibilities from an early age. He interrupted his studies at the seminary with a year of work in a bookstore in
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784:"). On his recommendation the first tropical disease board was also established in Manila (January 1900) where it continued for about the next two years. In 1901, Sternberg oversaw the establishment of the
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Along with
Pasteur and Koch, Sternberg is credited with first bringing the fundamental principles and techniques of the new science of bacteriology within the reach of the average physician.
302:, where he spent most of his childhood. He was the eldest child of Levi Sternberg and Margaret Miller Sternberg. His father was a Lutheran clergyman, was descended from a German family from
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in
Hartwick, New York, where he started his education. His mother, Margaret Levering (Miller) Sternberg, was the daughter of George B. Miller, also a Lutheran clergyman and professor of
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729:, he was among the top dozen and was without question the most eminent professional scientist in the service. He received the appointment of Surgeon General by President
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Sternberg's nine-year tenure (1893–1902) as
Surgeon General coincided with immense professional progress in the field of bacteriology as well as the occurrence of the
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organism as cause of malaria (1885) and to confirm the causitive roles of the bacilli of tuberculosis and typhoid fever (1886). He was the first scientist to produce
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in Indian
Territory and in western Kansas. Besides his military duties, Sternberg was also interested in fossils and began collecting leaf imprints from the nearby
456:. She was one of the first civilians to develop the disease which killed her within a few hours on July 15 and soon claimed a toll of about 75 people at the fort.
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701:. For his essay "Disinfection and Individual Prophylaxis against Infectious Diseases" (1886), later translated into several languages, he was awarded the
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611:(origins). This involved the microscopical examination of blood and tissues in which he was one of the first to employ the newly discovered process of
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780:, headed by Reed, which ultimately fixed the transmission of yellow fever upon a particular species of mosquito. (These became celebrated as the "
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533:. Charles would later credit his older brother for getting many other paleontologists of the day interested in the fossil resources of Kansas.
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898:, the Royal Academy of Rome, the Academy of Medicine of Rio Janeiro, the American Academy of Medicine, and the French Society of Hygiene.
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On December 1, 1875, Sternberg was promoted major, and in April 1879, he was ordered to Washington, D. C., and detailed with the 1880
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615:. He developed high efficiency in its use. In the course of this work, he spent three months in Havana closely associated with Dr.
607:. Sternberg was assigned to work on the problems relating to the nature and natural history of the disease and especially to its
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This article contains information that originally came from US Government publications and websites and is in the public domain.
685:. He was also the earliest American pioneer in the related field of disinfection in which he began with experiments (1878) with
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In 1880, the Commission concluded that the solution of yellow fever causality must await further progress in the new science of
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960:
Flaumenhaft, E; Flaumenhaft, C (1993). "Evolution of America's pioneer bacteriologist: George M. Sternberg's formative years".
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2437:
580:. The spent his spare hours in study and experimentation which laid a foundation for his later work. In 1870 he perfected an
995:
Malkin, HM (1993). "The trials and tribulations of George Miller Sternberg (1838–1915) – America's first bacteriologist".
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formations in western Kansas, and sent the specimens back to Washington, D.C., where they were eventually curated in the
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1963:
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Phalen, Col. James M. (Compiler), "Chiefs of the Medical Department, U.S. Army 1775–1940, Biographical Sketches,"
1969:
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238:, from 1893 to 1902, Sternberg led commissions to control typhoid and yellow fever, along with his subordinate
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Sternberg also collected vertebrate fossils, including shark teeth, fish remains and mosasaur bones, from the
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and three years of teaching in nearby rural schools. During his last year at Hartwick he was an instructor in
776:, which established the facts of contact infection and fly carriage of the disease. In 1900 he organized the
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468:(December 1867). With troops from this post he took part (1868–69) in several expeditions against hostile
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and was sent north on a transport. During the remainder of the war he performed hospital duty, mostly at
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2010:
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909:, the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States, the Washington Biological Society, and the
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1933:
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Craig, S. C. (1998). "Medicine for the Military: George M. Sternberg on the Kansas Plains, 1866–1870".
1354:
Address Delivered at the Complimentary Banquet to Gen. George M. Sternberg – on his Seventieth Birthday
1339:"The Trials and Tribulations of George Miller Sternberg (1838–1915) – America's First Bacteriologist,"
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452:. Louisa did not accompany him to the latter post, but joined him in 1867 just prior to an outbreak of
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A collection of his papers is held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.
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480:. Some of his specimens went back East where they were studied by the famous paleobotanist,
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Sternberg was promoted to lieutenant colonel on January 2, 1891. In 1892 he published his
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631:. Sternberg was soon sent to New Orleans to investigate the conflicting discoveries of
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1421:– The Military Health System provides a look at the life and work of George Sternberg.
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Colorado's Healthcare Heritage: A Chronology of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
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384:' division. He managed to escape and soon joined his command in the defense of
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Anonymous (1965). "George Miller Sternberg (1838–1915) Surgeon-General, USA".
921:
705:. He oversaw creation the US Army enlisted hospital corps ("medics") in 1887.
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581:
619:, the main proponent of the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.
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in the early years of the 18th century. His father later became principal of
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and patented an automatic heat regulator which later had wide negative use.
576:, Washington, and later that year he participated in a campaign against the
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had no part in the causation of malaria. The same year—simultaneously with
544:, to Martha L. Pattison, a daughter of Thomas T. N. Pattison of that city.
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Sternberg was promoted to captain on May 28, 1866, and was soon sent to
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Sternberg served at Fort Riley until July 1870, when he was ordered to
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in the U.S. Army, and on July 21 of the same year was captured at the
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359:, to practice, remaining there until the outbreak of the Civil War.
689:. This work was continued in Washington and in the laboratories of
525:. Sternberg was also responsible for getting his younger brother,
503:). There they were studied and later described in publications by
285:
1264:. ArlingtonCemetery.net. 18 February 2023. An unofficial website.
1107:"The other George Sternberg: George Miller Sternberg (1838–1915)"
343:
of Cooperstown. For his formal medical training he went first to
1435:
Describes Sternberg's continuing role in the Typhoid Fever Board
1244:"Burial Detail: Sternberg, George Miller (Section 2, Grave 994)"
517:, was collected by Dr. Sternberg. His work was also credited by
1476:
1301:
Soldier in White: The Life of General George Miller Sternberg
540:. In the meantime, he had remarried on September 1, 1869, at
1433:
University of Virginia, Walter Reed Typhoid Fever, 1897–1911
1426:
The Surgeons General of the U.S. Army and Their Predecessors
557:
During two years at Governors Island and three (1872–75) at
671:. He was the first in the United States to demonstrate the
1419:
Video: Sternberg Medical Pioneers Biography on Health.mil
1135:"George Miller Sternberg, M. D., LL. D: An Appreciation"
591:. His medical colleagues on the Commission were Doctors
822:
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
744:. He was responsible for the 1893 establishment of the
834:
Association of Military Surgeons of the United States
2693:
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
2495:
2334:
2167:
2003:
1836:
1675:
1514:
1216:, Roma: Salviucci, 1879; Translated by Drummond E.
667:, eventually recognized as the pathogenic agent of
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127:
117:
109:
97:
87:
75:
59:
40:
21:
891:Honorary degree of LL.D., Brown University (1897).
245:. Sternberg also oversaw the establishment of the
223:(1881), and confirmed the roles of the bacilli of
561:, Florida, Sternberg had frequent contacts with
335:. He was at the same time pursuing the study of
1044:. Bloomington, IN: Iuniverse Com. p. 368.
2703:Presidents of the American Medical Association
1428:at the Office of Medical History, OTSG Website
737:and receiving promotion to brigadier general.
355:degree, 1860). After graduation he settled in
349:College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York
1488:
8:
1190:. US Army Medical Department. Archived from
940:United States Army Medical Department Museum
2698:Surgeons General of the United States Army
1495:
1481:
1473:
1276:"George Miller Sternberg Papers 1861–1917"
1100:
1098:
1096:
29:
18:
1158:
35:Brigadier General George Miller Sternberg
16:US Army general and physician (1838–1915)
1343:, Summer 1993. Vol. 36, Iss. 4; pg. 666.
1182:
1180:
1178:
756:, and of a special surgical hospital at
569:New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal
440:, from where he was soon transferred to
192:(June 8, 1838 – November 3, 1915) was a
1212:Edwin Klebs e Corrado Tommasi-Crudeli,
1128:
1126:
1124:
952:
901:Member (and one time president) of the
847:. He was posthumously eligible for the
2683:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
750:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
655:. His report (1881) declared that the
432:for faithful and meritorious service.
420:. On March 13, 1865, he was given the
251:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
1393:, No. 52, April 1940, pp. 70–74.
1386:(Washington, D.C.), November 3, 1915.
788:. In July 1900, Sternberg recognized
400:. During this campaign he contracted
372:On May 28, 1861, he was appointed an
199:who is considered the first American
7:
1341:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
1322:George Miller Sternberg: A Biography
997:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
942:, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
913:(of which he was President in 1900).
215:, Sternberg documented the cause of
911:Philosophical Society of Washington
800:on the wounded soldiers during the
663:—he announced the discovery of the
2673:American people of the Indian Wars
907:American Public Health Association
826:Society of the Army of the Potomac
699:American Public Health Association
392:and saw service in the battles of
14:
2688:American people of German descent
1361:Tr. Coll. Physicians Philadelphia
1139:American Journal of Public Health
896:Epidemiological Society of London
507:. The type specimen of the giant
1465:
1458:Works by George Miller Sternberg
1214:Studi sulla natura della malaria
1079:10.1001/jama.1965.03090260043016
924:
219:(1881), discovered the cause of
1278:. National Library of Medicine.
1109:. Oceans of Kansas Paleontology
830:Sons of the American Revolution
388:. He later participated in the
1250:. Arlington National Cemetery.
820:Sternberg was a member of the
589:Havana Yellow Fever Commission
1:
2028:William W. Thayer (1928–1929)
1439:Biography at Virtualology.com
1325:. BiblioBazaar. p. 331.
1319:Sternberg, Martha L. (2013).
764:(1898), consisting of Majors
497:United States National Museum
380:, while serving with General
2267:(vice president) (1964–1965)
1942:(vice president) (1915–1916)
1508:American Medical Association
1375:Surgeon Generals of the Army
1368:American Medical Biographies
903:American Medical Association
733:on May 30, 1893, succeeding
697:, under the auspices of the
438:Jefferson Barracks, Missouri
1464:(public domain audiobooks)
1304:. Literary Licensing, LLC.
861:Arlington National Cemetery
859:On Sternberg's monument in
810:Arlington National Cemetery
306:, which had settled in the
265:honored Sternberg with the
81:Arlington National Cemetery
2719:
884:Honorary degree of LL.D.,
538:Governors Island, New York
478:Dakota Sandstone Formation
207:(1892). After he survived
1970:William Clarence Braisted
1528:Alexander Hodgdon Stevens
1262:"George Miller Sternberg"
1229:Editor. (July 1900). The
932:American Civil War portal
849:Spanish War Service Medal
236:U.S. Army Surgeon General
132:U.S. Army Surgeon General
28:
2678:American bacteriologists
1298:Gibson, John M. (2011).
1218:On the Nature of Malaria
974:10.1093/milmed/158.7.448
841:Civil War Campaign Medal
472:Indians along the upper
414:Portsmouth, Rhode Island
378:First Battle of Bull Run
147:First Battle of Bull Run
92:United States of America
1821:George Miller Sternberg
1725:Joseph Janvier Woodward
1444:Dr. George M. Sternberg
1352:Kober, G. M. (Editor),
1105:Everhart, Mike (2013).
778:Yellow Fever Commission
754:Fort Bayard, New Mexico
653:Corrado Tommasi-Crudeli
623:Bacteriology milestones
501:Smithsonian Institution
300:Otsego County, New York
257:(1901). The pioneering
190:George Miller Sternberg
54:Otsego County, New York
23:George Miller Sternberg
2539:William G. Plested III
2402:Harrison L. Rogers Jr.
1618:David Humphreys Storer
1231:American X-ray Journal
1151:10.2105/ajph.5.12.1233
1038:Sherlock, Tom (2013).
886:University of Michigan
870:
816:Memberships and awards
748:(precursor of today's
723:Manual of Bacteriology
691:Johns Hopkins Hospital
294:Sternberg was born at
291:
290:The young Dr Sternberg
269:, "Father of American
205:Manual of Bacteriology
162:Battle of Malvern Hill
157:Battle of Gaines' Mill
2503:Randolph D. Smoak Jr.
2468:Daniel H. Johnson Jr.
1844:William Williams Keen
1391:Army Medical Bulletin
1188:"George M. Sternberg"
1009:10.1353/pbm.1993.0068
865:
845:Indian Campaign Medal
786:U.S. Army Nurse Corps
774:Edward O. Shakespeare
687:putrefactive bacteria
542:Indianapolis, Indiana
357:Elizabeth, New Jersey
289:
255:U.S. Army Nurse Corps
110:Years of service
2414:William S. Hotchkiss
2128:Herman L. Kretschmer
2038:William Gerry Morgan
1982:George de Schweinitz
1910:John Benjamin Murphy
1347:Who's Who in America
879:Awards and accolades
863:is the inscription:
802:Spanish–American War
790:Elizabeth Fleischman
742:Spanish–American War
527:Charles H. Sternberg
179:Spanish–American War
2521:Donald J. Palmisano
2289:Dwight Locke Wilbur
2193:Edward J. McCormick
2152:Roscoe L. Sensenich
2104:Nathan B. Van Etten
2017:Wendell C. Phillips
1994:William Allen Pusey
1952:Charles Horace Mayo
1922:John A. Witherspoon
1552:Beverly R. Wellford
1534:John Collins Warren
1366:Kelly and Burrage,
839:He was awarded the
762:Typhoid Fever Board
758:Washington Barracks
746:Army Medical School
634:Plasmodium malariae
523:Samuel W. Williston
390:Peninsular campaign
368:Junior Army surgeon
347:, and later to the
282:Youth and education
247:Army Medical School
152:Peninsular campaign
2611:Barbara L. McAneny
2390:Frank J. Jirka Jr.
2175:Elmer L. Henderson
2062:Walter L. Bierring
2011:William D. Haggard
1940:Albert Vander Veer
1880:William James Mayo
1636:William O. Baldwin
1612:Nathan Smith Davis
1454:– Oceans of Kansas
1446:– Oceans of Kansas
1287:Additional sources
1133:Kober, GM (1915).
782:Walter Reed Boards
735:Charles Sutherland
683:tubercule bacillus
466:Fort Riley, Kansas
406:Harrison's Landing
333:natural philosophy
292:
142:American Civil War
104:United States Army
2650:
2649:
2575:Jeremy A. Lazarus
2515:Yank D. Coble Jr.
2509:Richard F. Corlin
2462:Lonnie R. Bristow
2450:Joseph T. Painter
2408:John J. Coury Jr.
2360:Thomas E. Nesbitt
2348:Richard E. Palmer
2277:Charles L. Hudson
2241:Leonard W. Larson
2068:James S. McLester
2032:Malcolm L. Harris
1964:Alexander Lambert
1934:William L. Rodman
1928:Victor C. Vaughan
1898:William C. Gorgas
1707:Theophilus Parvin
1695:Henry I. Bowditch
1642:George Mendenhall
1570:George Bacon Wood
1522:Nathaniel Chapman
1451:Xiphactinus audax
1359:Abbott, A. C. in
1332:978-1-2897-2864-9
1311:978-1-2581-4878-2
1145:(12): 1233–1237.
1073:(13): 1383–1384.
1051:978-1-4759-8025-7
962:Military Medicine
894:Honorary member,
770:Victor C. Vaughan
657:Bacillus malariae
644:Bacillus malariae
578:Nez Perce Indians
514:Xiphactinus audax
374:Assistant Surgeon
312:Hartwick Seminary
296:Hartwick Seminary
203:, having written
187:Brigadier General
184:
183:
122:Brigadier General
2710:
2635:Jack Resneck Jr.
2629:Gerald E. Harmon
2599:Andrew W. Gurman
2551:Nancy H. Nielsen
2456:Robert E. McAfee
2378:Daniel T. Cloud,
2372:Robert B. Hunter
2301:W. C. Bornemeier
2295:Gerald D. Dorman
2283:Milford O. Rouse
2247:George M. Fister
2235:E. Vincent Askey
2223:Gunnar Gundersen
2211:Dwight H. Murray
2199:Walter B. Martin
2122:James E. Paullin
2074:James Tate Mason
2023:Jabez N. Jackson
1988:Ray Lyman Wilbur
1904:William H. Welch
1886:Joseph D. Bryant
1868:John Herr Musser
1856:John Allan Wyeth
1797:James F. Hibberd
1761:A. Y. P. Garnett
1731:John Light Atlee
1701:T. G. Richardson
1540:Reuben D. Mussey
1497:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1408:
1373:Pilcher, J. E.,
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1315:
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1240:
1234:
1233:. Vol. 6. No. 5.
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1062:
1056:
1055:
1035:
1029:
1028:
992:
986:
985:
957:
934:
929:
928:
927:
731:Grover Cleveland
679:photomicrographs
639:Alphonse Laveran
613:photomicrography
593:Stanfard Chaille
574:Fort Walla Walla
489:Smoky Hill Chalk
308:Schoharie Valley
99:
70:Washington, D.C.
66:
63:November 3, 1915
50:
48:
33:
19:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2709:
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2707:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:Jesse Ehrenfeld
2623:Susan R. Bailey
2593:Steven J. Stack
2581:Ardis Dee Hoven
2569:Peter W. Carmel
2563:Cecil B. Wilson
2557:J. James Rohack
2545:Ronald M. Davis
2491:
2396:Joseph F. Boyle
2384:William Y. Rial
2366:Hoyt D. Gardner
2330:
2325:Malcolm C. Todd
2319:Russell B. Roth
2265:Donovan F. Ward
2259:Norman A. Welch
2253:Edward R. Annis
2217:David B. Allman
2163:
2158:Ernest E. Irons
2146:Edward L. Bortz
2140:H. H. Shoulders
2080:Charles G. Heyd
1999:
1958:Arthur D. Bevan
1832:
1809:R. Beverly Cole
1803:Donald MacLean,
1671:
1666:Joseph M. Toner
1660:Thomas M. Logan
1630:Samuel D. Gross
1564:Charles A. Pope
1558:Jonathan Knight
1510:
1501:
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1197:
1195:
1194:on 14 July 2014
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1103:
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959:
958:
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925:
923:
920:
881:
857:
818:
719:
717:Surgeon General
669:lobar pneumonia
625:
555:
550:
509:Late Cretaceous
462:
418:Cleveland, Ohio
410:Lovell Hospital
370:
365:
284:
279:
261:bacteriologist
249:(1893; now the
221:lobar pneumonia
83:
68:
64:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2716:
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2665:
2655:
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2648:
2647:
2645:
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2632:
2626:
2620:
2617:Patrice Harris
2614:
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2605:David O. Barbe
2602:
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2536:
2533:J. Edward Hill
2530:
2527:John C. Nelson
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2518:
2512:
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2486:Thomas Reardon
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2432:C. John Tupper
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2426:Alan R. Nelson
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2420:James E. Davis
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2187:Louis H. Bauer
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2086:J. H. J. Upham
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2065:
2059:
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2050:Edward H. Cary
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2020:
2014:
2007:
2005:
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1997:
1991:
1985:
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1967:
1961:
1955:
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1937:
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1925:
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1916:Abraham Jacobi
1913:
1907:
1901:
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1874:L. S. McMurtry
1871:
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1743:H. F. Campbell
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1737:Austin Flint I
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1413:External links
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1400:Kansas History
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808:was buried at
718:
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559:Fort Barrancas
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519:Edward D. Cope
482:Leo Lesquereux
474:Arkansas River
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341:Horace Lathrop
304:the Palatinate
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253:) and of the
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229:typhoid fever
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20:
2480:Nancy Dickey
2438:John J. Ring
2354:John H. Budd
2229:Louis M. Orr
2134:Roger I. Lee
1820:
1779:W. T. Briggs
1767:W. W. Dawson
1594:Henry Miller
1576:Zina Pitcher
1450:
1425:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1383:Evening Star
1381:
1380:Obituary in
1374:
1367:
1360:
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1340:
1321:
1300:
1292:
1270:
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1248:ANC Explorer
1247:
1238:
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1213:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:the original
1142:
1138:
1111:. Retrieved
1070:
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819:
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794:radiographic
739:
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707:
672:
665:pneumococcus
656:
642:
632:
629:bacteriology
626:
586:
567:
563:yellow fever
556:
553:Yellow fever
548:Later career
535:
531:paleontology
512:
505:Joseph Leidy
493:Pierre Shale
486:
463:
460:Paleontology
434:
398:Malvern Hill
394:Gaines' Mill
382:George Sykes
371:
363:Early career
293:
271:Bacteriology
234:As the 18th
233:
225:tuberculosis
213:yellow fever
204:
189:
185:
166:
138:Battles/wars
65:(1915-11-03)
51:June 8, 1838
2668:1915 deaths
2663:1838 births
2637:(2022–2023)
2631:(2021–2022)
2625:(2020–2021)
2619:(2019–2020)
2613:(2018–2019)
2607:(2017–2018)
2601:(2016–2017)
2595:(2015–2016)
2589:(2014–2015)
2583:(2013–2014)
2577:(2012–2013)
2571:(2011–2012)
2565:(2010–2011)
2559:(2009–2010)
2553:(2008–2009)
2547:(2007–2008)
2541:(2006–2007)
2535:(2005–2006)
2529:(2004–2005)
2523:(2003–2004)
2517:(2002–2003)
2511:(2001–2002)
2505:(2000–2001)
2488:(1999–2000)
2482:(1998–1999)
2476:(1997–1998)
2470:(1996–1997)
2464:(1995–1996)
2458:(1994–1995)
2452:(1993–1994)
2446:(1992–1993)
2440:(1991–1992)
2434:(1990–1991)
2428:(1989–1990)
2422:(1988–1989)
2416:(1987–1988)
2410:(1986–1987)
2404:(1985–1986)
2398:(1984–1985)
2392:(1983–1984)
2386:(1982–1983)
2374:(1980–1981)
2368:(1979–1980)
2362:(1978–1979)
2356:(1977–1978)
2350:(1976–1977)
2344:(1975–1976)
2327:(1974–1975)
2321:(1973–1974)
2315:(1972–1972)
2309:(1971–1972)
2303:(1970–1971)
2297:(1969–1970)
2291:(1968–1969)
2285:(1967–1968)
2279:(1966–1967)
2273:(1965–1966)
2255:(1963–1964)
2249:(1962–1963)
2243:(1961–1962)
2237:(1960–1961)
2231:(1959–1960)
2225:(1958–1959)
2219:(1957–1958)
2213:(1956–1957)
2207:(1955–1956)
2201:(1954–1955)
2195:(1953–1954)
2189:(1952–1953)
2183:(1951–1952)
2177:(1950–1951)
2160:(1949–1950)
2154:(1948–1949)
2148:(1947–1948)
2142:(1946–1947)
2136:(1945–1946)
2130:(1944–1945)
2124:(1943–1944)
2118:(1942–1943)
2112:(1941–1942)
2110:Frank Lahey
2106:(1940–1941)
2100:(1939–1940)
2094:(1938–1939)
2092:Irvin Abell
2088:(1937–1938)
2082:(1936–1937)
2070:(1935–1936)
2064:(1934–1935)
2058:(1933–1934)
2052:(1932–1933)
2046:(1931–1932)
2040:(1930–1931)
2034:(1929–1930)
2025:(1927–1928)
2019:(1926–1927)
2013:(1925–1926)
1996:(1924–1925)
1990:(1923–1924)
1984:(1922–1923)
1978:(1921–1922)
1976:Hubert Work
1972:(1920–1921)
1966:(1919–1920)
1960:(1918–1919)
1954:(1917–1918)
1948:(1916–1917)
1946:Rupert Blue
1930:(1914–1915)
1924:(1913–1914)
1918:(1912–1913)
1912:(1911–1912)
1906:(1910–1911)
1900:(1909–1910)
1894:(1908–1909)
1888:(1907–1908)
1882:(1906–1907)
1876:(1905–1906)
1870:(1904–1905)
1864:(1903–1904)
1858:(1902–1903)
1852:(1901–1902)
1846:(1900–1901)
1829:(1899–1900)
1823:(1898–1899)
1817:(1897–1898)
1811:(1896–1897)
1799:(1894–1895)
1793:(1893–1894)
1787:(1892–1893)
1785:H. O. Marcy
1781:(1891–1892)
1775:(1890–1891)
1773:E. M. Moore
1769:(1889–1890)
1763:(1888–1889)
1757:(1887–1888)
1751:(1886–1887)
1745:(1885–1886)
1739:(1884–1885)
1733:(1883–1884)
1727:(1882–1883)
1721:(1881–1882)
1715:(1880–1881)
1713:Lewis Sayre
1709:(1879–1880)
1703:(1878–1879)
1697:(1877–1878)
1691:(1876–1877)
1685:(1875–1876)
1668:(1874–1875)
1662:(1873–1874)
1656:(1872–1873)
1650:(1871–1872)
1644:(1870–1871)
1638:(1869–1870)
1632:(1868–1869)
1626:(1867–1868)
1620:(1866–1867)
1614:(1864–1866)
1608:(1863–1864)
1606:Alden March
1602:(1860–1861)
1596:(1859–1860)
1590:(1858–1859)
1584:(1857–1858)
1582:Paul F. Eve
1578:(1856–1857)
1572:(1855–1856)
1566:(1854–1855)
1560:(1853–1854)
1554:(1852–1853)
1548:(1851–1852)
1542:(1850–1851)
1536:(1849–1850)
1530:(1848–1849)
1524:(1847–1848)
766:Walter Reed
708:During the
649:Edwin Klebs
597:New Orleans
442:Fort Harker
325:mathematics
321:Cooperstown
263:Robert Koch
243:Walter Reed
168:Indian Wars
2657:Categories
2380:1981–1982)
2205:Elmer Hess
1805:1885–1896)
1504:Presidents
947:References
796:work with
703:Lomb Prize
674:Plasmodium
582:anemometer
386:Washington
88:Allegiance
47:1838-06-08
2335:1975–2000
2168:1950–1975
2004:1925–1950
1837:1900–1925
1676:1875–1900
1515:1847–1875
1349:, 1914–15
695:Baltimore
641:, and of
446:Ellsworth
416:, and at
404:while at
329:chemistry
277:Biography
267:sobriquet
197:physician
194:U.S. Army
113:1861–1902
1600:Eli Ives
1462:LibriVox
1169:18009371
1025:28424585
918:See also
843:and the
832:and the
792:for her
609:etiology
470:Cheyenne
337:medicine
316:theology
231:(1886).
128:Commands
98:Service/
2643:(2023–)
1506:of the
1198:16 June
1160:1286771
1113:16 June
1087:5320961
1017:8361848
982:8351046
710:Hamburg
681:of the
454:cholera
444:, near
426:captain
422:Brevets
345:Buffalo
217:malaria
209:typhoid
2261:(1964)
2076:(1936)
1936:(1915)
1377:(1905)
1370:(1920)
1363:(1918)
1356:(1908)
1329:
1308:
1167:
1157:
1085:
1048:
1023:
1015:
980:
905:, the
888:(1894)
855:Legacy
828:, the
824:, the
798:X-rays
772:, and
605:Havana
511:fish,
450:Kansas
331:, and
259:German
100:branch
76:Buried
2496:2000–
1021:S2CID
430:major
339:with
240:Major
1327:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1200:2014
1165:PMID
1115:2014
1083:PMID
1067:JAMA
1046:ISBN
1013:PMID
978:PMID
651:and
599:and
521:and
491:and
428:and
396:and
353:M.D.
227:and
211:and
118:Rank
60:Died
41:Born
1460:at
1155:PMC
1147:doi
1075:doi
1071:194
1005:doi
970:doi
966:158
693:in
647:by
637:by
603:of
595:of
448:in
424:of
412:at
273:".
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