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815:. He left the ship on 11 March 1879, and from 1879 to 1896 was employed in the harbour department of the Board of Trade. During this period he retired from the Royal Navy, on 24 April 1886. He was promoted on the retired list twice, firstly in 1887 to rear-admiral, and secondly in 1892 to vice-admiral.
952:
was at Malta in 1869 the chief engineer, who was anxious not to go to sea because he wanted to attend some function on shore with his wife, asked to be given forty-eight hours to take off the cylinder covers. Captain Nares replied "By all means." The chief engineer was jubilant, but on the planned
714:
Not all similar expeditions had been so successful, and in particular the easy relations between the scientific gentlemen and the naval officers was a testament to the sure leadership of George Nares. It was therefore a measure of his success as the commander of a scientific expedition that he was
674:
was equipped to measure much of this, being loaded with specimen jars, chemical apparatus, trawls and dredges, thermometers and water sampling bottles, sounding leads and devices to collect sediment from the sea bed. Great lengths of rope were provided to allow the sounding of deep oceans, and of
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from the Royal Navy for a 3-year expedition of scientific discovery. Although much of the world was well charted, this extended only to the coastlines and to very shallow depths – largely depths significant to the safe navigation of ships. There was a widely held consensus that the oceans were in
372:. He was baptised at the church of St Bridget, Llansanffraid on 22 May. He married Mary Grant, the eldest daughter of a Portsmouth banker, on 22 June 1858. They had four sons and six daughters. His two youngest sons, George Edward Nares and John Dodd Nares entered the Royal Navy.
585:
was now first in line and that it would be impossible to pass them. Captain Nares received both an official reprimand and an unofficial vote of thanks from the
Admiralty for his actions in promoting British interests and for demonstrating such superb seamanship.
777:
and were hampered by inappropriate clothing and equipment. Realising that his men could not survive another winter in the ice, Nares hastily retreated southward with both his ships in the summer of 1876. Nares wrote an account of the expedition,
534:
over ten years previously, this was his first paddle steamer, and in a further departure, she was employed in surveying duties on the east coast of
Australia. His duties involved keeping the communications between Sydney and
953:
day of sailing, after the usual morning muster by division, the order was given "Hands make sail", and the ship sailed out of the harbour without the aid of the engines, much to the chagrin of the engineer staff.
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609:
in
January 1870. They traversed the canal in both directions, taking soundings and checking the navigation. They approved the canal, subject to completion of improvements that were already under way.
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passed through it first. On the night before the canal was due to open, Nares navigated his vessel, in total darkness and without lights, through the mass of waiting ships until it was in front of
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He was born on 24 April 1831, the third son and sixth child of
Commander William Henry Nares, a British naval officer, and Elizabeth Rebecca Gould, at Llansenseld, near
689:
had been a key factor in the choice of commanding officer. His officers were all naval surveyors, and the team of civilian scientists, led by
Charles Wyville Thomson.
818:
After leaving the Board of Trade in 1896 he became a conservator of the River Mersey, a post which he held until 1910. He was a member of the ship committee for
569:. The Suez Canal opened in November 1869. On the morning of 17 November, a procession of ships entered the canal, officially headed by the French Imperial yacht
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parts very deep, but almost nothing was known of the make up of the deep oceans, the submarine landscape, nor the life contained within the deep ocean.
5034:
685:, a recognition of his experience in this field, but also of his scientific approach to surveying and exploration. His work with William Carpenter in
320:
1270:
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on the
Australian station in 1848, during which he served as both midshipman and mate, he returned in 1851 and passed his lieutenant's exam in 1852.
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Because of his previous experience in the Arctic, he was summoned from this assignment to take charge of another Arctic voyage in search of the
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set a new record farthest north of 83° 20' 26"N, but overall the expedition was a near-disaster. The men suffered badly from
495:, and was regarded as the best manual of its day. He was promoted to commander in 1862 and took command of the training ship
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39:
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reports this as an example of his competence under sail and that it "was a good lesson given with tact and judgement".
749:. On this expedition, Nares became the first explorer to take his ships all the way north through the channel between
440:
In 1854 Nares received his promotion to lieutenant and specialised as a gunnery officer. He joined the new battleship
347:. He was highly thought of as a leader and scientific explorer. In later life he worked for the Board of Trade and as
324:
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spent a year in the
Atlantic and after turning east in early 1874 she turned south in the Indian Ocean, visiting the
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In recognition of his work in the Gulf of Suez, Nares was promoted to the rank of captain in 1869. He commissioned
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before reaching the ice pack. In the process she became the first steam vessel to cross the
Antarctic Circle.
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in 1854, including service in the
Mediterranean during the Crimean War. During this time he was loaned to the
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769:, an ice-free region surrounding the pole, but Nares found only a wasteland of ice. A sledging party under
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in 1871 for the Red Sea, and on the outward voyage the ship conducted studies of the water currents in the
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1877:
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recalled in
November 1874 to lead a similar but more arduous expedition at the opposite end of the earth.
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182:
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in the furthest north point of Queensland open. On the long journeys between he conducted surveys of the
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268:
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2016:
2011:
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1999:
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626:, a biologist who believed that density differences between water masses generated ocean currents.
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561:, which he commissioned and took to the Mediterranean for survey work, including a survey of the
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in 1879. These scientific awards were matched by an appointment as a Knight Commander of the
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765:. Up to this time, it had been a popular theory that this route would lead to the supposed
432:, and thus gained valuable early experience of the Arctic during the 1852–1854 expedition.
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Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875–6 by H.M. Ships "Alert" and "Discovery"
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required a survey and report before it would allow the canal to be used by naval vessels.
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Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea During 1875–6 in H.M. Ships Alert and Discovery
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of the Royal Geographical Society in 1877 and was awarded the Gold medal from the
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762:
365:
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Nares Mountain, in Yukon, named in 1883 by Lieutenant Schwatka of the US Army
530:, which he commanded from 1865. Although he had served in the steam-assisted
3785:
2622:
2174:
1957:
750:
553:
385:
1184:
675:
Italian hemp alone she carried a total length of 181 miles (291 km).
3717:
901:
593:
captained by Nares, which would survey the canal a few months later. The
4344:
3724:
2511:
1989:
1965:
1953:
1177:
The First Explorations of the Deep Sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872–1876)
1131:
643:
418:, a future Hydrographer of the Navy, who had suggested he apply to Sir
785:
Nares was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1876, received the
2590:
1915:
1179:. From Deep Sea to Laboratory. Vol. 1. London: ISTE. Chapter 2.
1079:
1055:
841:
774:
395:, an old battleship captured from the French. Following a posting to
333:
1367:
1132:"Obituary: Vice-Admiral Sir George Strong Nares, K. C. B., F. R. S."
1119:
1976:
878:
642:
508:
782:
and published by Sampson, Low, Searle & Rivington of London.
811:, his ship from the Arctic expedition, in which he surveyed the
4492:
3167:
1409:
1371:
513:
Admiralty Chart of the Gulf of Suez, Surveyed by Nares in HMS
581:. When dawn broke the French were horrified to find that the
852:
Among others, the following features are named after Nares:
1303:
The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration from Franklin to Scott
475:
He served as a lieutenant in charge of training cadets in
388:
in south London, and in 1845 joined the Royal Navy aboard
16:
British Royal Navy officer and polar explorer (1831–1915)
1251:
524:
His next ship was the aging 4-gun wooden paddle sloop
19:
For the English barrister, judge, and politician, see
4861:
4591:
4524:
4145:
3876:
3463:
3203:
2576:
2107:
1952:
1450:
285:
261:
202:
143:
135:
127:
109:
93:
74:
54:
46:
30:
1007:
891:Nares Deep, the deepest part of the North Atlantic
487:. During this time he wrote the best-selling book
467:arrived in the Black Sea too late to see action.
5045:Collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute
1164:. London: Hollis & Carter. pp. 317–319.
1310:The Naval Cadet’s Guide, or Seaman’s Companion.
1056:"Vice-Admiral Sir George Nares, K.C.B., F.R.S."
1009:"Nares, Sir George Strong (bap. 1831, d. 1915)"
871:, part of the Churchill Mountains in Antarctica
4504:
1383:
491:, which was also republished under the title
328:(24 April 1831 – 15 January 1915) was a
8:
1109:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1018:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1236:
1234:
1175:Aitken, Frédéric; Foulc, Jean-Numa (2019).
426:. Nares was accepted as the second mate of
4511:
4497:
4489:
3177:
3164:
1419:
1406:
1390:
1376:
1368:
1351:
1337:
1050:
1048:
546:His next appointment was to the brand new
38:
27:
5060:People educated at the Royal Naval School
1078:
1006:Rudmose-Brown, R. N.; Deacon, M. (2004).
4448:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
4023:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1015:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
969:
935:
807:In 1878 he was appointed in command of
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
865:between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
836:on 15 January 1915, and was buried in
349:Acting Conservator of the River Mersey
1120:Obituary of Sir George Nares at JSTOR
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
7:
1315:Nares, G. S. Feilden, H. W. (1878).
3809:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2006:Norse colonization of North America
1213:at the Canadian Coastguard website"
481:, and from 1859, in her successor,
3338:United States Exploring Expedition
948:(21 January 1915) tells that when
589:Among the ships following was the
422:for a place on his search for Sir
14:
4412:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3780:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
414:in 1851, Nares had met Commander
5035:British explorers of the Pacific
4306:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3699:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1100:"Nares, Sir George Strong"
376:Education and early naval career
114:
98:
1065:(2360): 565–567. January 1915.
894:Nares Cape, on Ellesmere Island
678:Nares was given command of the
565:, accessed by the newly opened
5020:19th-century British explorers
1359:Works by or about George Nares
1271:"Nares – county (entry 23870)"
832:Nares died at home aged 83 at
829:. His wife Mary died in 1905.
707:. She reached as far south as
410:While returning to England in
1:
4519:Royal Navy Arctic exploration
3685:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3620:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
1335:Biodiversity Heritage Library
459:under the command of Captain
5055:Fellows of the Royal Society
4042:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3858:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3664:French Antarctic Expeditions
3594:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3480:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1598:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
1039:UK public library membership
3127:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2806:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1671:Andrée's balloon expedition
336:explorer. He commanded the
5086:
2328:Franklin's lost expedition
2028:Christian IV's expeditions
1252:Nares Family Tree Web site
722:
636:
624:William Benjamin Carpenter
453:ironclad floating battery
18:
3180:
3176:
3163:
2682:Great Northern Expedition
2358:Rae–Richardson expedition
1558:British Arctic Expedition
1422:
1418:
1405:
1257:28 September 2007 at the
1246:28 September 2007 at the
747:British Arctic Expedition
725:British Arctic Expedition
719:British Arctic Expedition
345:British Arctic Expedition
277:British Arctic Expedition
37:
5070:Royal Navy vice admirals
4533:Phipps expedition (1773)
3966:British Antarctic Survey
3960:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3205:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1135:The Geographical Journal
603:Hydrographer of the Navy
5065:People from Abergavenny
5050:Explorers of the Arctic
5040:British polar explorers
4607:Sir Alexander Armstrong
4442:Pole of inaccessibility
4105:Antarctic Treaty System
2446:2nd Grinnell expedition
1301:Coleman, E. C. (2006).
1241:Sir George Strong Nares
1106:Encyclopædia Britannica
900:, from Nares Lake past
771:Albert Hastings Markham
761:in his honour – to the
661:Royal Society of London
657:Charles Wyville Thomson
489:The Naval Cadet's Guide
406:First Arctic experience
380:He was educated at the
317:Sir George Strong Nares
4754:Sir Leopold McClintock
4547:Mackenzie River (1825)
1275:Queensland Place Names
1160:Ritchie, G.S. (1967).
1024:10.1093/ref:odnb/35185
663:obtained the corvette
653:
521:
4712:Sir Edward Inglefield
4663:Sir Richard Collinson
4561:Rae–Richardson (1848)
4112:Transglobe Expedition
4011:Operation Deep Freeze
3420:Challenger expedition
2286:Coppermine expedition
1807:Drifting ice stations
1345:Works by George Nares
1331:Works by George Nares
1308:Nares, G. S. (1860).
1279:Queensland Government
1185:10.1002/9781119610953
792:Société de Géographie
646:
639:Challenger Expedition
512:
471:Instructor and author
416:George Henry Richards
4852:Sir Henry Stephenson
4789:Sir Erasmus Ommanney
4726:Skeffington Lutwidge
4698:William Hulme Hooper
1219:on 28 September 2009
1141:(3): 255–257. 1915.
914:Nares Inlet, Ontario
834:Kingston upon Thames
620:Straits of Gibraltar
304:Grande Médaille d'Or
86:Kingston upon Thames
21:George Nares (judge)
4824:Sir John Richardson
4733:George Francis Lyon
4282:South magnetic pole
2948:Brusilov expedition
2057:Danish colonization
1495:North magnetic pole
1162:The Admiralty Chart
1071:1915Natur..94..565.
820:Robert Falcon Scott
537:Cape York Peninsula
501:in September 1863.
50:George Strong Nares
4810:Constantine Phipps
4761:Sir Robert McClure
4747:Sir Albert Markham
4649:Sir Edward Belcher
4621:Sir Horatio Austin
3973:Operation Windmill
3954:Operation Highjump
2929:Rusanov expedition
2834:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2578:North East Passage
2382:McClure expedition
813:Strait of Magellan
654:
541:Great Barrier Reef
522:
436:Gunnery specialist
382:Royal Naval School
128:Service years
5007:
5006:
4845:Sir Edward Sabine
4719:Sir Henry Kellett
4691:Sir John Franklin
4642:Frederick Beechey
4575:McClintock (1857)
4540:Coppermine (1819)
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
3940:Operation Tabarin
3802:Far Eastern Party
3648:Nimrod Expedition
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
2718:M. Pronchishcheva
2640:Siberian Cossacks
2109:Northwest Passage
1442:Research stations
1399:Polar exploration
1194:978-1-78630-374-5
1037:(Subscription or
797:Order of the Bath
313:
312:
293:Order of the Bath
5077:
5000:
4991:
4982:
4973:
4964:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4928:
4919:
4910:
4901:
4892:
4883:
4874:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4803:Sir Edward Parry
4798:
4791:
4784:
4782:Sir George Nares
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4740:Rochfort Maguire
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4670:Samuel Cresswell
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4490:
3987:Ronne Expedition
3472:
3466:
3330:Dumont d'Urville
3178:
3165:
2713:V. Pronchishchev
1420:
1407:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1369:
1363:Internet Archive
1355:
1341:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1267:
1261:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:. Archived from
1205:
1199:
1198:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:10.1038/094565b0
1052:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1011:
1003:
958:
940:
755:Ellesmere Island
710:
327:
120:
118:
117:
104:
102:
101:
89:
81:
64:
62:
42:
32:Sir George Nares
28:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4940:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4868:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4684:James Fitzjames
4682:
4677:Francis Crozier
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4635:Sir John Barrow
4633:
4628:Sir George Back
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4554:Franklin (1845)
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4520:
4517:
4487:
4474:
4149:
4141:
4017:McMurdo Station
3886:Modern research
3884:
3872:
3607:O. Nordenskjöld
3470:
3464:
3459:
3375:Ross expedition
3199:
3172:
3151:
2580:
2572:
2113:Northern Canada
2111:
2103:
1956:
1948:
1454:
1446:
1414:
1401:
1396:
1327:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:Wayback Machine
1248:Wayback Machine
1239:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1114:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1005:
1004:
971:
967:
962:
961:
941:
937:
932:
919:County of Nares
850:
805:
787:Founder's Medal
727:
721:
708:
641:
635:
507:
473:
438:
408:
378:
362:
357:
319:
309:
298:Founder's Medal
281:
257:
198:
115:
113:
99:
97:
84:
83:
79:
78:15 January 1915
66:
60:
58:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5083:
5081:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5012:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4992:
4983:
4974:
4965:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4929:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4831:Sir James Ross
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4796:Sherard Osborn
4792:
4785:
4778:
4775:Arthur Morrell
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4614:Pelham Aldrich
4610:
4603:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4582:British (1875)
4578:
4571:
4568:McClure (1850)
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4493:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4434:Vostok Station
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4385:Cherry-Garrard
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4225:Southern Cross
4221:
4220:
4219:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4155:
4153:
4147:Farthest South
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4108:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4019:
4014:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3908:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3844:Ross Sea party
3840:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3805:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3709:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3644:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3538:Southern Cross
3531:Southern Cross
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3475:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3396:
3390:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3277:Bellingshausen
3267:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3136:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2584:
2582:Russian Arctic
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2398:
2393:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2024:
2019:
2017:Snæbjörn galti
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1919:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:Farthest North
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1342:
1326:
1325:External links
1323:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1262:
1230:
1200:
1193:
1167:
1152:
1123:
1112:
1097:, ed. (1911).
1095:Chisholm, Hugh
1086:
1044:
968:
966:
963:
960:
959:
934:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
916:
911:
908:
895:
892:
889:
872:
866:
860:
849:
846:
840:churchyard in
804:
801:
767:Open Polar Sea
723:Main article:
720:
717:
637:Main article:
634:
628:
506:
503:
472:
469:
461:Arthur Cumming
437:
434:
420:Edward Belcher
407:
404:
377:
374:
361:
358:
356:
353:
311:
310:
308:
307:
300:
295:
289:
287:
283:
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223:
215:
206:
204:
200:
199:
197:
196:
188:
180:
172:
164:
156:
147:
145:
144:Served on
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
111:
107:
106:
105:United Kingdom
95:
91:
90:
82:(aged 83)
76:
72:
71:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5082:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4838:Sir John Ross
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4768:George Mecham
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4705:Henry Hoppner
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
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4646:
4643:
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4632:
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4611:
4608:
4604:
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4597:
4596:
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4579:
4576:
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4565:
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4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4443:
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4429:
4425:
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4408:
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4390:
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4351:
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4342:
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4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
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4260:
4257:
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4255:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4229:
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4227:
4226:
4222:
4218:
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4212:
4207:
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4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
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4109:
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4008:
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3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
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3977:
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3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
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3961:
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3955:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3565:Discovery Hut
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:A. Sibiryakov
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:Glavsevmorput
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2369:J. Richardson
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:M. Corte-Real
2129:
2127:
2126:G. Corte-Real
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:C. Richardson
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:Georgiy Sedov
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Riiser-Larsen
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:biography at
1249:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
970:
964:
956:
951:
947:
946:
939:
936:
929:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
909:
907:
903:
899:
896:
893:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
853:
847:
845:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
826:
821:
816:
814:
810:
802:
800:
798:
794:
793:
788:
783:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:in 1875, the
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
726:
718:
716:
712:
706:
705:Heard Islands
702:
698:
697:Prince Edward
694:
690:
688:
684:
682:
676:
673:
668:
667:
662:
658:
652:
651:
645:
640:
632:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
616:
610:
608:
604:
600:
599:G.H. Richards
596:
592:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
555:
552:
550:
544:
542:
538:
533:
529:
528:
520:
516:
511:
504:
502:
500:
499:
494:
490:
486:
485:
480:
479:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
457:
452:
450:
445:
444:
435:
433:
431:
430:
425:
424:John Franklin
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
400:
394:
393:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
370:Monmouthshire
367:
359:
354:
352:
350:
346:
342:
340:
335:
331:
326:
322:
318:
315:Vice-Admiral
306:
305:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
288:
284:
278:
275:
273:
271:
267:
266:
264:
260:
254:
253:
248:
246:
245:
240:
238:
237:
232:
230:
229:
224:
222:
221:
216:
214:
213:
208:
207:
205:
201:
195:
194:
189:
187:
186:
181:
179:
178:
173:
171:
170:
165:
163:
162:
157:
155:
154:
149:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
112:
108:
96:
92:
87:
77:
73:
69:
65:24 April 1831
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
4996:
4987:
4978:
4970:Investigator
4969:
4960:
4951:
4942:
4933:
4924:
4915:
4906:
4897:
4888:
4879:
4870:
4781:
4656:David Buchan
4600:Edward Adams
4440:
4428:Pole of Cold
4426:
4352:
4343:
4311:
4304:
4280:
4251:
4237:
4231:Borchgrevink
4223:
4210:
4195:
4175:
4160:
4129:
4110:
4103:
4087:
4073:
4064:
4047:
4040:
4021:
4009:
3985:
3971:
3964:
3952:
3938:
3924:
3910:
3903:
3864:
3856:
3842:
3835:
3833:
3815:
3807:
3800:
3787:
3778:
3740:
3732:
3723:
3716:
3704:
3697:
3683:
3671:Pourquoi-Pas
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3641:Orcadas Base
3639:
3631:
3618:
3612:C. A. Larsen
3600:
3592:
3578:
3571:
3558:
3550:
3544:Borchgrevink
3537:
3529:
3486:
3478:
3453:C. A. Larsen
3446:
3433:
3427:
3418:
3400:
3382:
3373:
3360:
3345:
3336:
3323:
3284:
3270:
3263:
3244:
3229:
3139:
3132:
3115:
3108:
3094:
3079:
3065:
3052:
3027:
3013:
3011:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2953:
2946:
2927:
2893:
2891:
2877:
2875:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2825:
2823:
2804:
2680:
2638:
2621:
2589:
2553:
2551:
2531:
2530:
2510:
2509:
2495:
2482:
2467:
2453:
2444:
2431:
2402:
2390:Investigator
2389:
2380:
2356:
2343:
2335:
2326:
2313:
2284:
2261:
2246:
2231:
2201:
2186:
2156:
2075:
2055:
2026:
2022:Erik the Red
2004:
1982:
1975:
1932:submersibles
1929:
1923:Arktika 2007
1921:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1888:
1879:
1876:
1857:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1812:
1805:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1722:
1720:
1691:
1688:
1677:S. A. Andrée
1669:
1656:
1631:
1623:
1620:
1596:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1493:
1349:Open Library
1317:
1309:
1302:
1296:Bibliography
1282:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1210:
1203:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1089:
1062:
1058:
1027:. Retrieved
1013:
954:
949:
943:
942:The journal
938:
906:Bennett Lake
883:Bennett Lake
877:in southern
863:Nares Strait
859:in Greenland
851:
831:
824:
817:
808:
806:
790:
784:
779:
759:Nares Strait
757:– now named
741:
735:
728:
713:
692:
691:
686:
680:
677:
671:
665:
655:
649:
630:
614:
611:
606:
590:
588:
578:
574:
570:
563:Gulf of Suez
557:
548:
545:
531:
526:
523:
518:
514:
497:
492:
488:
483:
477:
474:
464:
455:
448:
442:
439:
428:
411:
409:
398:
391:
379:
363:
338:
332:officer and
316:
314:
303:
269:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
211:
192:
184:
176:
168:
160:
152:
139:Vice-Admiral
80:(1915-01-15)
25:
5030:1915 deaths
5025:1831 births
4817:Bedford Pim
4525:Expeditions
4131:Lake Vostok
4081:Tryoshnikov
4003:Schlossbach
3894:Christensen
3836:James Caird
3757:E. R. Evans
3523:Dobrowolski
3493:de Gerlache
3195:Expeditions
3081:Aviaarktika
3035:Samoylovich
2906:Kolomeitsev
2800:Middendorff
2760:Gedenshtrom
2180:I. Fyodorov
1942:Chilingarov
1830:E. Fyodorov
1437:Expeditions
1223:16 November
925:, Australia
898:Nares River
887:Tagish Lake
869:Mount Nares
838:Long Ditton
763:Lincoln Sea
478:Illustrious
366:Abergavenny
262:Expeditions
185:Illustrious
68:Llansenseld
5014:Categories
4916:Enterprise
4880:Assistance
4354:Terra Nova
4259:Shackleton
4202:J. C. Ross
4161:Resolution
4151:South Pole
3926:New Swabia
3850:Mackintosh
3822:Shackleton
3741:Terra Nova
3734:Terra Nova
3468:Heroic Age
3428:Challenger
3388:J. C. Ross
3298:Bransfield
3230:Resolution
3145:icebreaker
3109:Chelyuskin
2850:expedition
2828:Expedition
2770:Matyushkin
2728:Kh. Laptev
2723:Chelyuskin
2617:Heemskerck
2607:Chancellor
2602:Willoughby
2597:Koch boats
2540:Stefansson
2474:McClintock
2438:Inglefield
2280:J. C. Ross
2187:Resolution
2039:Cunningham
1937:Sagalevich
1626:expedition
1585:Stephenson
1545:C. F. Hall
1532:expedition
1506:J. C. Ross
1469:Heemskerck
1456:North Pole
1041:required.)
1029:22 January
965:References
923:Queensland
875:Nares Lake
857:Nares Land
827:Expedition
825:Terra Nova
803:Later life
731:North Pole
693:Challenger
687:Shearwater
683:Expedition
681:Challenger
672:Challenger
666:Challenger
650:Challenger
633:expedition
631:Challenger
615:Shearwater
583:Royal Navy
567:Suez Canal
527:Salamander
519:Shearwater
493:Seamanship
343:, and the
341:Expedition
339:Challenger
330:Royal Navy
272:Expedition
270:Challenger
244:Challenger
236:Shearwater
220:Salamander
122:Royal Navy
94:Allegiance
61:1831-04-24
47:Birth name
4979:Racehorse
4907:Discovery
4453:Tolstikov
4239:Discovery
4209:HMS
4194:HMS
4176:Adventure
4174:HMS
4159:HMS
4095:Tolstikov
3816:Endurance
3601:Antarctic
3586:Drygalski
3559:Discovery
3552:Discovery
3513:Arctowski
3426:HMS
3399:HMS
3393:Abernethy
3381:HMS
3359:USS
3346:Vincennes
3344:USS
3324:Astrolabe
3264:San Telmo
3245:Adventure
3243:HMS
3228:HMS
3223:Kerguelen
3185:Continent
3170:Antarctic
3047:Urvantsev
3005:Vilkitsky
2858:Jeannette
2856:USS
2848:Jeannette
2812:Weyprecht
2790:Pakhtusov
2740:Chichagov
2733:D. Laptev
2676:Permyakov
2651:Stadukhin
2646:Perfilyev
2623:Mangazeya
2561:H. Larsen
2526:Rasmussen
2481:HMS
2452:USS
2401:HMS
2388:HMS
2352:Collinson
2342:HMS
2334:HMS
2312:HMS
2260:HMS
2245:HMS
2230:HMS
2215:Mackenzie
2202:Discovery
2200:HMS
2185:HMS
2157:Discovery
2136:Frobisher
2099:Rasmussen
2012:Gunnbjörn
1958:Greenland
1887:USS
1878:USS
1750:Ellsworth
1692:Roosevelt
1622:Nansen's
1579:Discovery
1577:HMS
1564:HMS
1511:Abernethy
1479:Marmaduke
1305:. Tempus.
1147:0016-7398
799:in 1876.
751:Greenland
736:Discovery
701:Kerguelen
595:Admiralty
554:gunvessel
532:Conqueror
484:Britannia
443:Conqueror
386:New Cross
355:Biography
250:HMS
242:HMS
234:HMS
226:HMS
218:HMS
210:HMS
193:Britannia
191:HMS
183:HMS
177:Conqueror
175:HMS
167:HMS
159:HMS
151:HMS
131:1845–1886
4988:Resolute
4465:A. Fuchs
4422:V. Fuchs
4402:McKinley
4365:E. Evans
4324:Bjaaland
4319:Amundsen
4269:Marshall
4182:Furneaux
4034:V. Fuchs
3998:E. Ronne
3993:F. Ronne
3932:Ritscher
3786:SY
3774:Filchner
3718:Framheim
3712:Amundsen
3518:Racoviță
3503:Amundsen
3498:Lecointe
3367:Ringgold
3361:Porpoise
3251:Furneaux
3087:Shevelev
3042:Begichev
3021:Amundsen
2983:Nagórski
2961:Brusilov
2955:Sv. Anna
2869:Melville
2839:Palander
2795:Tsivolko
2755:Sannikov
2750:Billings
2693:Chirikov
2612:Barentsz
2554:St. Roch
2545:Bartlett
2519:Amundsen
2503:Sverdrup
2403:Resolute
2292:Franklin
2220:Kotzebue
2087:Sverdrup
2070:Scoresby
2044:Lindenov
1895:Plaisted
1880:Nautilus
1825:Shirshov
1799:Belyakov
1794:Baydukov
1768:Nautilus
1730:Amundsen
1690:SS
1649:Sverdrup
1644:Johansen
1614:Brainard
1609:Lockwood
1464:Barentsz
1312:Portsea.
1255:Archived
1244:Archived
902:Carcross
881:between
822:'s 1912
709:66° 40′S
659:and the
573:however
549:Philomel
505:Surveyor
498:Boscawen
429:Resolute
412:Havannah
399:Havannah
212:Boscawen
203:Commands
169:Resolute
161:Havannah
4898:Carcass
4889:Blossom
4470:Messner
4417:Hillary
4397:Balchen
4345:Polheim
4339:Wisting
4217:Crozier
4189:Weddell
4167:J. Cook
4137:Kapitsa
4118:Fiennes
4060:Klenova
4029:Hillary
3979:Ketchum
3905:BANZARE
3880:·
3725:Polheim
3691:Shirase
3677:Charcot
3487:Belgica
3406:Crozier
3318:Morrell
3313:Weddell
3291:Lazarev
3236:J. Cook
3190:History
3140:Arktika
3116:Krassin
3101:Voronin
3073:Schmidt
3059:Ushakov
2998:Vaygach
2966:Albanov
2935:Rusanov
2916:Kolchak
2911:Matisen
2885:Makarov
2864:De Long
2765:Wrangel
2745:Lyakhov
2698:Malygin
2656:Dezhnev
2483:Pandora
2454:Advance
2421:Kennedy
2416:Belcher
2409:Kellett
2396:McClure
2320:Beechey
2314:Blossom
2307:Simpson
2275:Crozier
2268:Hoppner
2225:J. Ross
2193:J. Cook
2141:Gilbert
2034:J. Hall
2000:Ingólfr
1990:Naddodd
1984:Vikings
1971:Brendan
1966:Pytheas
1954:Iceland
1908:Arktika
1900:Herbert
1865:Badygin
1835:Krenkel
1820:Papanin
1789:Chkalov
1775:Wilkins
1740:Wisting
1684:F. Cook
1590:Markham
1550:Bessels
1539:Polaris
1530:Polaris
1501:J. Ross
1484:Carolus
1432:History
1361:at the
1284:21 June
1067:Bibcode
950:Newport
607:Newport
605:joined
591:Newport
579:L'Aigle
575:Newport
558:Newport
515:Newport
465:Glatton
456:Glatton
392:Canopus
228:Newport
153:Canopus
4997:Terror
4961:Herald
4943:Griper
4925:Erebus
4592:People
4380:Bowers
4375:Wilson
4334:Hassel
4329:Helmer
4298:Mackay
4288:Mawson
4253:Nimrod
4211:Terror
4196:Erebus
4123:Burton
3918:Rymill
3794:Mawson
3788:Aurora
3767:Lashly
3752:Wilson
3655:Nimrod
3632:Scotia
3439:Murray
3414:Cooper
3401:Terror
3383:Erebus
3352:Wilkes
3303:Palmer
3271:Vostok
3218:Bouvet
3142:-class
3122:Gakkel
2990:Taymyr
2971:Konrad
2940:Kuchin
2878:Yermak
2785:Lavrov
2703:Ovtsyn
2688:Bering
2666:Ivanov
2629:Hudson
2591:Pomors
2568:Cowper
2533:Karluk
2432:Isabel
2426:Bellot
2376:Austin
2344:Terror
2336:Erebus
2232:Griper
2208:Clerke
2168:Baffin
2151:Hudson
2082:Nansen
1995:Garðar
1916:Barneo
1783:ANT-25
1759:Italia
1735:Nobile
1704:Henson
1663:Amedeo
1639:Nansen
1604:Greely
1474:Hudson
1412:Arctic
1191:
1145:
1059:Nature
1035:
955:Nature
945:Nature
848:Legacy
842:Surrey
775:scurvy
703:, and
551:-class
451:-class
360:Family
334:Arctic
286:Awards
119:
110:Branch
103:
4952:Hecla
4871:Alert
4862:Ships
4460:Crary
4407:Dufek
4370:Oates
4360:Scott
4293:David
4274:Adams
4245:Barne
4066:Mirny
4055:Somov
3865:Quest
3762:Crean
3747:Scott
3626:Bruce
3580:Gauss
3573:Gauss
3447:Jason
3434:Nares
3308:Davis
3285:Mirny
3258:Smith
3213:Roché
3133:Lenin
3053:Sadko
2978:Wiese
2923:Sedov
2894:Zarya
2817:Payer
2780:Litke
2775:Anjou
2708:Minin
2671:Vagin
2661:Popov
2634:Poole
2489:Young
2302:Dease
2247:Hecla
2238:Parry
2163:Bylot
2146:Davis
2121:Cabot
2094:Peary
2076:Jason
2063:Egede
1977:Papar
1889:Skate
1870:Wiese
1850:NP-37
1843:NP-36
1723:Norge
1711:Sedov
1699:Peary
1657:Jason
1572:Nares
1566:Alert
1521:Hayes
1489:Parry
1427:Ocean
1211:Alert
1209:"HMS
930:Notes
879:Yukon
809:Alert
742:Alert
571:Aigle
449:Aetna
323:
252:Alert
4934:Fury
4392:Byrd
4313:Fram
4264:Wild
3946:Marr
3912:BGLE
3899:Byrd
3827:Wild
3706:Fram
3508:Cook
3029:AARI
3014:Maud
2901:Toll
2826:Vega
2512:Gjøa
2497:Fram
2460:Kane
2297:Back
2262:Fury
2253:Lyon
2175:Munk
1814:NP-1
1716:Byrd
1633:Fram
1624:Fram
1516:Kane
1286:2017
1225:2008
1189:ISBN
1143:ISSN
1031:2011
885:and
753:and
739:and
648:HMS
622:for
517:and
397:HMS
390:HMS
136:Rank
88:, UK
75:Died
70:, UK
55:Born
4089:3rd
4075:2nd
4049:1st
3882:IGY
3878:IPY
2468:Fox
2364:Rae
1930:Mir
1906:NS
1347:at
1333:at
1181:doi
1075:doi
1020:doi
921:in
904:to
733:in
543:.
384:in
368:in
325:FRS
321:KCB
5016::
2994:/
1277:.
1273:.
1233:^
1187:.
1139:45
1137:.
1103:.
1073:.
1063:94
1061:.
1047:^
1012:.
972:^
844:.
699:,
601:,
463:.
351:.
4512:e
4505:t
4498:v
3471:"
3465:"
3408:)
3404:(
3395:)
3386:(
1391:e
1384:t
1377:v
1288:.
1227:.
1197:.
1183::
1149:.
1083:.
1077::
1069::
1033:.
1022::
63:)
59:(
23:.
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