567:, the Premier of Congo. Ochola was quoted in the press warning that massive workers demonstrations against the American embassy and Americans in Kenya would occur if President Johnson did not meet the delegation. According to the press, he stated: "The time has come when Africans must resist the Americans’ stupid idea of looking on Africans as inferior people who cannot judge for themselves what is good or bad for them. The sons and daughters of Africans must arise to resist by all means American Imperialism and colonialism."
680:, a popular leader amongst the resident Luo community, had been assassinated on 5 July 1969 and as a result, political tensions were high. A demonstration ensued during the inauguration which led to the deaths of at least 11 civilians in the hands of police, by official accounts. Other estimates placed the death toll at closer to 100 men, women and children, some of whom were shot up to 50 km (31 mi) away from the demonstrations. This incident is often referred to as the
44:
576:
union positions. These include the Office of the
Secretary-General of the Kenya African Workers Union, the Office of Vice-President of the Africa Chapter of the International Federation of Petroleum Workers, the Office of the Secretary-General of Railways and Harbours Union and the Office of the Assistant Secretary General of the All Africa Trade Union Federation.
391:
in order to address the colossal educational challenges facing Kenya. Kenya was agitating for independence from
Britain but was plagued by a severe shortfall of African human capital. Opportunities for further education after high school for Africans were severely limited. The colonial government had
375:
and Rael Ogondi. He completed his primary school education at
Kamagambo Mission School and high school at Kisii Secondary School. Ochola first worked as a teacher before he worked as a freight dispatcher with the East African Railway and Harbour Administration. He left this job because of its low pay
656:
In August 1966 Ochola Mak'Anyengo was arrested together with other leaders of the K.P.U. and detained without trial for several years. Those arrested included Oginga Odinga’s private secretary
Oluande Koduol, the general secretary of the East African Common Services Civil Servants Union, Peter Ooko.
575:
Before travelling to
Chicago, Ochola Mak’Anyengo was elected to head the Petroleum and Oil workers Union soon after completion of the management trainee course with Kenya Shell Company Limited. After obtaining his Diploma from the University of Chicago, he returned to Kenya and took up several trade
694:
ran a campaign - postcards for prisoners - to publicise his imprisonment without trial. In June 1970, Mak'Anyengo announced his intention to go on hunger strike to protest his imprisonment. In August 1970, several of those detained were released but Mak'Anyengo was held in prison until March 1974.
728:
A eulogy delivered at the start of a parliamentary house meeting following his death described him as a veteran trade unionist and renowned freedom fighter with a notable sense of humour and debating skills. It was stated: "His contribution to the national development, devotion to serving his
642:
was a Kenyan of Goan descent. He was a freedom fighter who was detained during the colonial period. He was also
Jaramogi Odinga’s chief tactician and link to the eastern bloc. He was assassinated on 25 February 1965 in what is recognised as Kenya’s first political assassination. The report of
647:
concluded that the
Kenyatta government was responsible for numerous gross violations of human rights including the political assassination of Pio Gama Pinto. Ochola Mak'Anyengo was briefly arrested following accusations that he had hired men to frighten Pinto ostensibly because Pinto was his
498:. The state of emergency regulations drafted for the Mau Mau emergency were used to subjugate this party. George Philip Ochola stepped into a prominent leadership role following this round-up and his efforts ensured that the party continued to increase in size and popularity.
747:
How
Politics Affect the Role of the Trade Union Leaders in Developing Countries by Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo, Vice-President International Federation of Petroleum Workers. Petro. International Federation of Petroleum Workers 1963. From Cornell University Digitised 11 July
420:
Ochola had been elected as the
Secretary General of the newly formed Petroleum and Oil workers Union and therefore had to negotiate labour contracts with international oil companies. This was a major challenge for him given his lack of experience and further education.
551:
saying "It is pointless to extend the arm of friendship to my country when a group of United States citizens, descendants of
Africans, have no friendship here. Your best peace corps to African nations would be to improve the racial situation in America."
630:
and Ochola Mak’Anyengo were among those who voiced concerns relating to corruption in government and increasing western influence in the country. They promised to pursue policies that would benefit all Kenyans but these were criticised as being radical.
703:
Following his release, he eventually returned to trade unionism and politics. Mak’Anyengo successfully ran for the office of secretary general of the Railways and Harbours Union in 1981. In 1983, he was elected as the Member of Parliament for
695:
Despite the official allegation, that he acted illegally against the government at the time of his arrest, Mak'Anyengo was never formally charged or tried for any wrongdoing. No evidence was ever brought forward to support the imprisonment.
392:
feared that if a critical mass of educated Africans existed, they would demand greater participation in their own governance. Through the airlift program, several hundred Kenyans and other East Africans obtained scholarships to study in the
442:
376:- 330 shillings a month. He then became a pump service and retail clerk with Kenya Shell Oil Company Ltd. He was then selected for a management trainee course at Kenya Shell Oil Company Ltd in 1954 in Nairobi.
425:
encouraged him to apply for the airlift program. Like many of the applicants for the airlift program, Ochola had to apply to several colleges and universities before he finally got accepted by the
486:
had been suppressed and political activity by Africans was discouraged by the colonial government. This party became the only effectively organised and legal African nationalist party in Kenya.
310:
644:
863:
Airlift to America: How Barack Obama Sr., John F. Kennedy, Tom Mboya, and 800 East African Students Changed Their World and Ours by Tom Shachtman. St. Martin's Press (15 September 2009)
372:
494:. The colonial government continually harassed party members and attempted to crush the party by arresting several members in March 1959 in what was the biggest round-up since the
450:
1100:
823:, NTV (Television station : Nairobi, Kenya), Nation Media Group Limited, Kenya History & Biographies Co. Ltd, NTV : Kenya History & Biographies Co., Ltd
712:
party ticket. During this period he was the Assistant Minister for Health, Assistant-minister for Culture and Social Services and Assistant-minister for foreign affairs.
1387:
579:
Mak'Anyengo was also appointed to the Ministry of Labour Advisory Board in March 1963. As a member of this advisory board, he was involved in the development of the
657:
Mak'Anyengo was imprisoned until July 1968. Upon release, he was unanimously re-elected, by popular vote, to continue heading the Petroleum and Oil Workers Union.
688:
was banned following this incident. Several party members, including Mak'Anyengo, were arrested on 27 October 1969. This was his second detention without trial.
505:, George Philip Ochola, now often referred to as Ochola Mak’Anyengo, was a student leader of the All Africa Student Association. This was at the height of the
1392:
648:
trade-union rival. One of these men ended up assassinating Pinto. These charges were dropped when one of the accused assassins denied having met Mak'Anyengo.
738:
Why Mau Mau by George Philip Ochola. Liberation. January 1960. Available from the University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign. Digitised 9 March 2011
1321:
474:
While working at Kenya Shell Company Limited, George Philip Ochola became involved in the struggle for Kenya’s independence. He was a member of the
547:
area had divergent opinions regarding the intentions and usefulness of the program. Ochola Mak'Anyengo was quoted in an article published in the
490:
had been imprisoned on charges that he led the Mau Mau movement. This party took up the call for the release of Kenyatta following the lead by
475:
241:
580:
875:
Kenyan Student Airlifts to America 1959-1961: An Educational Odyssey By Stephens, Robert F. East African Educational Publishers (Jan, 2014)
1271:
1382:
930:
International Transport Workers Journal, Volumes 21-22, publisher: International Transport Workers' Federation, 1961; Cornell University
1245:
304:
583:. This government agency, tasked with managing retirement funds for employees, was established in 1965 through an act of parliament.
1143:
1059:
Western-Educated Elites in Kenya, 1900-1963: The African American Factor By Jim C. Harper. Routledge; 1 edition (10 September 2012)
741:
Union Problems in Developing Countries by Ochola Mak’Anyengo. IUD Digest. 1962 Available from the Wayne State University Library.
1169:
1407:
522:
1402:
847:
Kenya, the National Epic: From the Pages of Drum Magazine By Garth Bundeh and James R. A. Bailey East African Publishers, 1993
454:
556:
1219:
969:
940:
709:
368:
245:
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1193:
276:
673:
1397:
784:
532:
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393:
1296:
Monthly Newsletter from Amnesty International. Postcards for Prisoners campaign. August 1970. Available from:
1043:"Kenyan Warns Johnson must see Africans" Chicago Tribune (Chicago Illinois), Sunday 27 September 1964. Page 2
685:
587:
430:
249:
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417:
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1031:
Students Tell View on Peace Corps Plans. Chicago Tribune. Saturday 15 April 1961. Page 7. Available from
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514:
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446:
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280:
1297:
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1309:
607:
517:, a publication which engaged with anticolonial struggles in Africa. Following the assassination of
705:
560:
510:
380:
348:
340:
100:
88:
55:
1180:"Kenya: How Pinto Murder Was Plotted . . . And Kisilu Framed" Allafrica.com stories 19 June 2000
1133:
Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Neo-colonialism, 1964-1971 By Colin Leys 1975
1170:
http://www.tjrckenya.org/index.php?option=comcontent&view=article&id=573&itemid=238
1329:
495:
483:
401:
758:
Tom Mboya, the man Kenya wanted to forget by David Goldsworthy. East African Publishers, 1982
1159:
Pio Gama Pinto: Kenya's Unsung Martyr. 1927-1965 By Shiraz Durrani. Vita Books, October 2018
458:
994:
Where the boys are: cuba, cold war America and the making of a new left. By Van Gosse. 1993
681:
665:
548:
518:
409:
405:
397:
360:
210:
178:
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126:
76:
43:
1101:"Exposed: Power struggles that set Jaramogi Oginga Odinga and Jomo Kenyatta on warpath"
639:
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413:
1366:
669:
623:
615:
611:
564:
491:
487:
347:. He was involved in the fight for Kenya's independence and was a beneficiary of the
729:
constituents and his dedication to the ruling party Kanu all speak for themselves."
17:
1355:
https://books.google.co.ke/books/about/Kenya_National_Assembly_Official_Record.html
627:
603:
599:
539:
in February 1961 with the official aim of encouraging mutual understanding between
364:
359:
George Philip Ochola (later known as Ochola Ogaye Mak’Anyengo) was born in 1930 in
214:
1181:
1032:
536:
443:
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organisations (AFL-CIO)
1353:
Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard) 1 Nov 1990 Available from:
1333:
1124:
Birth of a Nation. The Story of a Newspaper in Kenya by Gerard Loughran 2010
820:
Makers of a nation: the men and women in Kenya's history. Ochola Mak'Anyengo
677:
540:
479:
422:
384:
720:
Ochola Mak'Anyengo died in 1990 while in office following a short illness.
1168:
Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission Final Report Volume 1 (2013)
595:
544:
438:
434:
230:
906:
742:
610:, Cold War ideological divisions became enmeshed with local politics.
661:
336:
1298:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/nws210111970en.pdf
818:
598:, when Kenya was a stage for a proxy ideological battle between the
1310:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF
344:
1272:"Dark Saturday in 1969 when Jomo's visit to Kisumu turned bloody"
445:, he obtained a diploma in Industrial Labour Relations from the
400:, the African American Students Foundation (AASF) and prominent
1308:
Amnesty International Annual Report 1973-1974. Available from:
1078:
513:. Mak'Anyengo published an article titled "Why Mau Mau" in
300:
Secretary-General of the Kenya Petroleum Oil Workers Union
893:
1948 Yearbook of the Seventh-Day Adventist Denomination
884:
1934 Yearbook of the Seventh-Day Adventist Denomination
645:
the truth, justice and reconciliation commission (2013)
449:. While he was studying there, the local branch of the
543:
and other nations and states. Foreign students in the
563:
to discuss the American military assistance given to
315:
Secretary-General of the Kenya African Workers Union
1144:"Pinto: Untold life story of first unsung 'martyr'"
529:in March 1961 which was met by counter protesters.
296:
286:
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255:
237:
220:
193:
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106:
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82:
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34:
590:, a left leaning opposition party that was led by
660:On 25 October 1969, a major incident occurred in
521:, the first democratically elected leader of the
470:Independence struggle and civil rights activities
159:Assistant Minister of Culture and Social Services
367:, to Yohana Anyengo, a Licensed Minister in the
318:Secretary-General of Railways and Harbours Union
27:Kenyan trade unionist and politician (1930-1990)
1182:https://allafrica.com/stories/200006190052.html
559:arrived in Washington to seek an audience with
1033:https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/374621963
1027:
1025:
311:International Federation of Petroleum Workers
8:
1246:"Kenyatta regime covered up Kisumu massacre"
339:trade unionist and Member of Parliament for
309:Vice-President of the Africa Chapter of the
859:
857:
855:
853:
785:"Ochola Makanyengo. What a manner of a man"
525:, Mak'Anyengo led a peaceful protest along
778:
776:
774:
772:
437:for a preparatory course before flying to
56:Member of Parliament (Ndhiwa Constituency)
42:
31:
1155:
1153:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
941:"African Unionist gets liberal education"
871:
869:
586:Mak'Anyengo was a founding member of the
1388:Kenya African National Union politicians
1068:Kenya Gazette 26 March 1963. Notice 1263
964:
962:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
901:
899:
768:
710:K.A.N.U. (Kenya African National Union)
555:In September 1964, a delegation of the
383:. This was an initiative thought of by
907:"Walter P. Reuther Library IUD Digest"
843:
841:
839:
837:
453:helped him find part time work at the
451:Oil, Chemical and Atomic workers Union
699:Return to Trade Unionism and Politics
606:. Although Kenya was a member of the
133:Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs
7:
743:https://reuther.wayne.edu/node/4616
303:Assistant Secretary-General of the
170:March 1988 – November 1990
25:
672:attended the inauguration of the
476:Nairobi People’s Convention Party
305:All Africa Trade Union Federation
242:Nairobi People's Convention Party
1393:Kenya People's Union politicians
970:"Funeral march held for lumumba"
783:Osieyo, Stephen (19 June 2020).
523:Democratic Republic of the Congo
511:anti-colonial movement in Africa
509:in United States of America and
379:Ochola was a beneficiary of the
277:African Labour College (Kampala)
144:April 1986 – March 1988
1079:"Overview of NSSF - NSSF Kenya"
1200:. 16 November 1970. p. 20
817:NgĘĽweno, Hilary; Dias, Lorna,
674:New Nyanza Provincial Hospital
455:Corn Products Refining Company
1:
1220:"5 opposition leaders seized"
686:Kenya People's Union (K.P.U.)
588:Kenya People's Union (K.P.U.)
581:National Social Security Fund
557:Organisation of African Unity
250:Kenya People’s Union (K.P.U.)
635:Pio Gama Pinto Assassination
369:Seventh-day Adventist Church
246:Kenya African National Union
107:Assistant Minister of Health
1194:"500 TU members in prisons"
1005:"Peace Corps | JFK Library"
976:. 13 March 1961. p. 10
947:. 22 August 1961. p. 7
571:Trade Unionism and Politics
465:Politics and Trade Unionism
1424:
1383:Kenyan trade union leaders
1226:. 5 August 1966. p. 1
118:1983 – April 1986
533:President John F. Kennedy
461:, to pay for his upkeep.
322:
184:
163:
137:
111:
61:
50:
41:
394:United States of America
355:Early life and education
329:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
36:Ochola Ogaye Mak’Anyengo
1408:African revolutionaries
1322:"Letters to the Editor"
670:President Jomo Kenyatta
652:Detention without trial
262:Yohana Anyengo (father)
1403:Kenyan pan-Africanists
594:. This was during the
592:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
431:African Labour College
418:Martin Luther King Jr.
381:Mboya-Kennedy Airlifts
349:Mboya-Kennedy airlifts
692:Amnesty International
664:town, the capital of
507:civil rights movement
503:University of Chicago
447:University of Chicago
427:University of Chicago
297:Trade Union Positions
281:University of Chicago
1224:Pasadena Independent
945:The Minneapolis Star
787:. Namlolwe Anecdotes
608:non aligned movement
396:with the support of
389:William X. Scheinman
341:Ndhiwa, South Nyanza
333:George Philip Ochola
265:Rael Ogondi (mother)
198:George Philip Ochola
101:Martin Otieno Ogingo
18:George Philip Ochola
1328:. 16 January 1974.
974:The Daily Chronicle
706:Ndhiwa Constituency
441:. Supported by the
1326:The New York Times
1009:www.jfklibrary.org
429:. He attended the
335:(1930–1990) was a
89:Zablon Owigo Olang
1398:Kenyan socialists
911:reuther.wayne.edu
561:President Johnson
496:Mau Mau emergency
484:Mau Mau rebellion
402:African Americans
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16:(Redirected from
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189:Personal details
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682:Kisumu massacre
666:Nyanza Province
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549:Chicago Tribune
527:Michigan Avenue
519:Patrice Lumumba
478:(NPCP), led by
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410:Jackie Robinson
406:Harry Belafonte
398:John F. Kennedy
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1278:. 28 June 2020
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414:Sidney Poitier
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1252:. 4 July 2020
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1081:. 14 May 2013
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1378:1990 deaths
1373:1930 births
537:Peace Corps
373:Ranen Field
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1367:Categories
763:References
515:Liberation
404:including
292:Politician
287:Occupation
204:1930-04-13
1334:0362-4331
678:Tom Mboya
541:Americans
480:Tom Mboya
423:Tom Mboya
385:Tom Mboya
273:Education
175:President
166:In office
149:President
140:In office
123:President
114:In office
73:President
68:1983–1990
64:In office
753:See also
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256:Parents
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1250:Nation
791:5 June
724:Legacy
684:. The
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482:. The
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716:Death
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345:Kenya
1341:2024
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