George Julius Poulett Scrope

509:, the first phase of the Earth's development featured a great global ocean. This ocean was hot, steamy, and full of suspended sediment that eventually precipitated and formed bedrock. After this, the global ocean supposedly cooled and settled to such a degree that it began to subside and eventually conform to match the features seen today. During this time of subsidence, mountains were left behind as artifacts of erosion or a similar mechanism. 44: 432: 858: 762:

though they may be, to make generalizations possible for the masses of data involved. The principles of this science are made up of things deducted from axioms relative to the emotions and actions of men. These actions, to George Poulett Scrope, are to be gleaned from observation of experience. Scrope made numerous appeals to experience in his discussions of natural rights.

774:'s equilibriums, where the squabbling of both parties minimizes the gains on either end. The outcome of these situations, if left to their course, may, so Scrope implies, reach a social optimum (another current term) where all parties involved seek to have secure gains on both sides – for the greater good. 812:

To his constituents, George Poulett Scrope was deemed an "enlightened landlord and a compassionate magistrate" and nationally he attacked the current poor laws and Malthusian doctrine. He expressed the view that the proper goal of the economist was to "promote social welfare, using the generation of

788:

Although Scrope did not have a particularly active political life, his brother Charles Thomson did. With much advising behind the scenes, Charles rose to political prominence and was eventually made Lord Sydenham. As part of his new duties, he was engaged in much economic and political discourse, for

730:

he prefixed it as a "Preliminary Discourse on the coincidence of the rights, duties and interests of man in society" in an effort to define "the true scope and limits of political economy, and also of establishing a ground-work of axiomatic principles with respect to the rights of individuals and the

497:

for May 1827 reviewing the work, and was one of the few who gave it any public praise. Scrope couldn't resist giving Lyell a little barb when he commented on Lyell's career as a critic as following "the path of geological generalisation which he has since so successfully pursued." Despite its initial

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who "gave him his lifelong interest in geology." At the time these men were in the early stages of their careers, Clarke having been made the first professor of mineralogy within the field of geology at St. John's; Sedgwick being known for his attention to detail and his naming of certain sections of

821:

In his later years, Scrope began to withdraw from political life. His "decaying strength and increasing blindness compelled him to " and during this time he released new editions of earlier works. During these years he gave counsel and kind words, in addition to helpful hints in research methodology

722:

The model for this theory of rent essentially stated that while only one grade of land is used for agriculture, rent will not exist, but when multiple grades of land are being utilized, rent will be exacted on the higher grades and will increase with the rise of the grade. "As such, Ricardo believed

555:

One author described the early nineteenth century, the time of George Poulett Scrope and Charles Lyell's early careers, as an "intellectual 'reign of terror'" which was the "consequence of the unreasoning prejudice and wild alarm excited by the early progress of geological inquiry." Most attempts to

314:

Not much has been documented about George's early and teen years, and his personal letters were left to his nephew Hugh Hammersley, but have been misplaced or destroyed. The sources reviewed by this researcher almost exclusively began with the circumstances of Thomson's birth and then resumed at his

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Scrope recognized the underlying self-interest in humans and realized that in the exercise of freedom of individual action, "'the unerring instinct of self-interest' has played its part in constructing a society more complexly coöperative than could be achieved by mortal design … Institutions must

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These concepts allow interesting interpretations to take place. Scrope followed the chain of experience to the conclusion that if the various parties involved are "left free to settle terms with each other" there will result a fair distribution of their claims on the joint produce. Thus the parties

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Because the friendship of Scrope and Lyell featured a "freedom of intercourse" it was of great value to the pair in fighting conventional thought and its errors. Lyell wrote favourable reviews of several of Scrope's papers during the 1820s and 1830s, lending some of his considerable influence. Upon

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During the mid-1820s, George Poulett Scrope came upon the greatest friendship of his life. Despite, and perhaps because of, Charles Lyell's objective appraisals of Scrope's first and certain subsequent works, the pair forged a strong friendship that lasted for the rest of their lives. While Lyell's

527:

In response to the release of this work, Sir Charles Lyell spearheaded an expeditionary force soon after to corroborate Scrope's findings and help build a case against Neptunism. After the group of natural philosophers returned, Lyell and Murchison confirmed the validity of Scrope's arguments. With

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To Scrope, the general welfare was always in the back of his mind. "The right of property depends upon the 'principle of utility' which is itself … a generalisation per enumerationem simplicem." The same is true of the foundations of "free labour and free disposal of its produce." So while he saw

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While it is true that Scrope studied political economy, which examined the impact of production and distribution of wealth and the happiness of those parties involved, he was "frankly interested in welfare economics, altho aware of the indefiniteness of the end," using the available facts, vague

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s Economic section. "Scrope's articles had three main themes: (1) the failure of accepted political economy to give sufficient weight to changes in aggregate demand and to the resulting possibility that under some situations an artificial demand could put to use resources … otherwise unemployed."

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Scrope was not satisfied with this explanation of the presence and formation of rocks. He and many of his contemporaries were probably disturbed by the sense of utter finality, the idea that the earth was in a stage of winding down and would see no further development or change. George spent much

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On 10 March 1797, George Julius Thomson was born in London to "John Thomson of Waverley Abbey, Surrey, and his wife, Charlotte" and was baptized under this name a few months later. John Thomson was the head of a successful trading firm (one source alluded that it was Roehampton and Austin Friars,

833:

The death of Lyell, his lifelong best friend, left him a broken man and he soon followed on 19 January 1876. Judd, in his Academy obituary of George Poulett Scrope, wrote that "born within a few months of one another, their deaths were separated by less than a year; 'lovely and pleasant in their

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To counter arguments against these positions, he repudiated "whatever is, is right," if applied to actions of man or to justifications for existing institutions and their practices. Scrope felt that it was generally assumed that physical and mental satisfaction and happiness of man "'may be most

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These arguments had "come to be inscribed in a social Index Expurgatorius might have seemed to be consigned to total oblivion." The writer of Scrope's Obituary in the Royal Society's Proceedings believed that "science is indebted for boldly encountering and successfully overcoming this storm of

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Scrope received numerous accolades for his ventures in the fields of geology, politics, and history. His history of Castle Combe, written in 1852, is still accepted as an important work in such scholarship, and numerous pleasant comments regarding it were made in various Stroud and local media.

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The first economic publication that can be definitely attributed to Scrope is "A Plea for the Abolition of Slavery in England, as produced by an illegal abuse of the Poor Law, common in the southern counties" which was written in 1829. Scrope was interested in the relationship between political

826:

Scrope also penned definitive biographies and analyses on local and national British figures during his lifetime, earning him honorable mention in numerous related publications. In 1867, for his groundbreaking work in geology, the Geological Society of London awarded George Poulett Scrope the

386:, which the Scrope family had owned since the fourteenth century. Emma had been disabled after a riding accident soon after the marriage, and no children were born of their union. Scrope had extensive alterations made to the 17th-century house and established formal gardens in the grounds. 1269: 1241: 610:

and was affected with the hardships of the agricultural laborer. "Thenceforth his interest in economic and political affairs, tho it did not exclude his interest in geology, was unabated." Scrope turned his considerable mind and talents of persuasion to the problems he saw.

539:

sent some letters to Scrope, checking certain geological observations and calculations he made, and made other general geology and scientific (in our modern terms) queries. These documents are mentioned by numerous sources, but were unavailable for review by this researcher.

757:

To George Poulett Scrope, the primary aim or goal in forming institutions should be to see to "'the greatest happiness of the greatest number .'" Scrope did not accept another utilitarian tendency in thought that "'every action of man has necessarily a selfish motive.'"

1495:

Considerations on Volcanos: The probable causes of their phenomena, the laws which determine their march, the disposition of their products, and their connexion with the present state and past history of the globe; leading to the establishment of a new theory of the

614:

An unusually articulate magistrate, Scrope communicated his views on current problems in letters to magistrate colleagues and in many pamphlets. Over the course of his life, George Poulett Scrope wrote more than seventy politically and economically charged

723:

that the process of economic development, which increased land utilisation and eventually led to the cultivation of poorer land, benefited first and foremost the landowners because they would receive the rent payments either in money or in product."

718:

Scrope rejected Ricardo's definition of "rent theory" which was, according to the Knowledge (XXG) entry under Ricardo's name (cited below), "the difference between the produce obtained by the employment of two equal quantities of capital and labor."

579:

Based on Scrope's various arguments, he became a Huttonian in that he did believe that causes in operation currently were able to have produced past geological changes – the present is a key to explaining the past. He rejected aqueous origins and

469:

Upon his return to England Scrope wrote, in an effort "to put views clearly before the world as a contribution to sound knowledge and a step towards the demolition of ... errors still prevalent" in the theories related to volcanism and

1053: 443:, of the Geological Society of London. His later results from Auvergne were published for his 1826 election to the Royal Society. In 1853, Scrope was instrumental in the formation of and became the first president of the 665:, which were largely anonymous, were to be figured into the list of his total works, then "there are extant over forty books, pamphlets, and papers on political economy" concerning both practical and theoretical issues. 528:

the weight of their respective reputations and their findings behind him, Scrope ensured that "Werner's doctrine of the aqueous precipitation of basalt received from this work its death-blow." Scrope wrote later in his

478:, written in 1825, "is regarded as the earliest systematic treatise on volcanology the first attempt to frame a ... theory of volcanic action and ... show the part ... volcanoes have played in the Earth's History." 834:

lives, in their death they were not divided.'" Many would agree with Judd's statement that Scrope was an earnest worker in the task of "establishing the science of geology on a philosophical basis."

598:

were introduced by "appreciative and discriminative notices in the Quarterly " which were written by his friend Scrope. The third edition of the series was also favourably reviewed by Mr. Scrope.

311:

was the firstborn. The two brothers maintained a close friendship until Charles' "untimely death" in a riding accident in Canada. George and Charles cooperatively wrote Charles' autobiography.

1712: 535:

Since his beginnings as a geologist, George Poulett Scrope fostered a number of friendly relationships with some well-known natural philosophers. On his voyage and during the years since,

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that experience teaches that "aggregate production increases with the progress of division of labor … it also teaches that men will move to the point of maximum return for their effort."

746:

and refused to allow certain extreme interpretations of "natural law" philosophy to lead him to it. And just as he avoided the finality of the Wernerian system, so too did he reject the "

684:

Secondly, Scrope lamented the "evil effects of falling prices on total production as well as on the distribution of income and the need for banking reform to raise prices on the existing

594:, on parts of which he had extensive correspondence with Scrope, George was "committed the congenial task of applying and driving home ." To this end, the first and second volumes of 393:, an actress known as Mrs. Grey, in a comfortable existence in London. Around the year 1838 their son was born, whom they called Arthur Hamilton. Scrope sent his illegitimate son to 873: 1437:

Database on-line. Available from Victorian and Edwardian Photographs – Roger Vaughan Picture Library, Geologists of the Geological Society of London (19th Century). Ref: PL 102.

338:

in 1815. After a year he left Pembroke because he found that its science departments were lacking courses of interest to him. To sate his scientific appetite, he transferred to

444: 520:. This work contained meticulously detailed drawings of basaltic column clusters, numerous panoramic views of valleys, and cross-sections of sedimentation and other types of 342:

in 1816. Also, during this year Thomson "acquired the additional name Poulett, which his father had recently adopted from an earlier and aristocratic branch of his family."

1707: 556:

explain the past using current processes as a reference was, rather than through calm argument, met by social stigma and intolerance. This can be seen by the treatment of

781:

With regards to poverty, Scrope seemed to prefer a "let's grow more food now and worry about declining population later" stand. To help this along, Scrope advocated

785:

to the various British colonies as the strongest solution to the problem. He was, however, criticized for "treating emigration as a panacea for all social ills."

1519:

Volcanos: The character of their phenomena, their share in the structure and composition of the surface of the globe, and their relation to its internal forces

382:. After a Royal Grant he assumed the name and arms of Scrope, in lieu of Thomson. The newly renamed George Poulett Scrope and his wife resided at Castle Combe 1333: 878: 308: 370:

After a comfortable courtship, Thomson was married to Emma Phipps Scrope on 22 March 1821. She was the heiress of William Scrope (phonetically Scroop) of

462:, and other areas of notable current or past volcanism. Scrope was present during the great Vesuvian eruption of 1822 which he deemed, according to his 1687: 1636: 450:" experience first aroused his lifelong fascination with volcanoes" and soon after his marriage to Emma Phipps he went on a series of expeditions in 822:

and direction, to many young geologists. Lyell was also stricken with progressive blindness, bringing another ironic note to the pair's friendship.

1499:

London: Printed and published by W. Phillips, George Yard, Lombard Street; sold by W. & C. Tait, Edinburgh; and Hodges & McArthur, Dublin.

642: 229: 408:. The following year he married Margaret Elizabeth Savage, who was forty-four years his junior. Both Margaret Scrope and Arthur survived him. 1702: 1603: 712: 233: 734:

Opie wrote that the pages devoted to natural principles "breathe the spirit of the eighteenth century," and can be seen in his fondness for

1568: 1434: 1607: 627: 1098: 416:

During the time he attended St. John's College, Scrope had his first real experiences with what would become his geologic specialty –

263:, a quarto volume illustrated by maps and plates. The substance of this was reproduced in a revised and somewhat more popular form in 424:. During the winter break of 1817 through 1818, George went on a vacation with his mother and father in Italy. In Naples he explored 1504:

Memoir of the Life of the Right Honourable Charles, Lord Sydenham, G. C. B. : With a Narrative of his Administration in Canada.

1015:

Memoir of the Life of the Right Honourable Charles, Lord Sydenham, G. C. B. : With a Narrative of his Administration in Canada.

688:." Scrope advocated that a tabular standard be instituted, allowing the banking system and the economy to keep up with the market. 692:

eventually aided in inserting the tabular standard, but gave large credit to Scrope and Lowe, who independently co-discovered it.

1722: 1583: 1558: 1121: 1093: 912: 754:

materially influenced by his social arrangements and these arrangements are susceptible of great and indefinite … improvement.'"

623: 1697: 750:

stagnation which makes all things which are, eternal." Scrope, however, avoided the other extreme which was state paternalism.

339: 1626: 728:

Principles of Political Economy, deduced from the Natural Laws of Social Welfare, and applied to the Present state of Britain

1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1372:

Conklin, Edwin G. 1951. "Letters of Charles Darwin and Other Scientists and Philosophers to Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. 1951."

401:

for his education, eventually securing a commission for him. In 1856, Emma and George formally adopted Arthur as their son.

304:

London) that had dealings with Russia. His wife, Charlotte, was the daughter of well-to-do Doctor John Jacob of Salisbury.

1654: 259:(1862); an authoritative text-book of which a second edition was published ten years later. In 1827 he issued his classic 638:

for reasons of family health, and Scrope was returned for the seat unopposed. He remained active in politics until 1867.

1682: 379: 283: 1548: 1692: 681:

This essentially recommended that an artificially determined demand could stimulate available capital and the market.

631: 622:

Scrope perhaps felt that his efficacy was limited if he remained only a local politician. In 1832, Scrope ran for the

564: 166: 1567: 707:

that were based on the acceptance of the Malthusian view discourage population increase." Scrope was an opponent of

1631: 806: 650: 581: 261:

Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the Volcanic formations of Auvergne, the Velay and the Vivarais

1391: 645:, Mr. Scrope was not very vocal. He was, however, an avid writer. Professor Bonney, the original author of the 576:

prejudice ... accomplish the removal of geology from the domain of speculation to that of inductive science."

331: 524:. The work reads as a moving narrative, giving a very detailed road-map of analyzed data through the region. 1043:: Cambridge University Press and the British Society for the History of Science, 44, no. 3: 205-242, p. 207. 700: 237: 185: 731:

duties of governments." He felt that up to that point, such an endeavor had not whole-heartedly been made.

1717: 689: 584:'s elevation-crater theory – which held that craters were caused by the buckling of the crust below them. 506: 771: 590: 398: 1537: 1677: 1672: 1543: 346: 335: 189: 1465:. 44, no. 3: 205-242. Cambridge University Press and the British Society for the History of Science. 502:

did help spark the curiosity of numerous other scientists and sent ripples in the Wernerian theory.

1621: 1616: 1596: 1547: 549: 451: 251:, leading to the establishment of a new theory of the Earth, and in the following year was elected 802: 268: 1487:

Extracts of Letters, From Poor Persons Who Emigrated Last Year to Canada and the United States.

770:

involved can, in this way, attempt to avoid a situation which currently may be associated with

43: 790: 635: 440: 421: 383: 1410: 1403: 1089: 917: 863:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

390: 243:

Meanwhile he began to study the volcanic regions of central France in 1821, and visited the

1570:

Letters to Lord John Russell on the Further Measures for the Social Amelioration of Ireland

827: 455: 279: 131: 1360:

A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland.

944:

A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland.

466:, "by far the most important eruption of Vesuvius that ha occurred during this century." 1650: 1641: 545: 536: 425: 405: 272: 221: 217: 212:

that he renewed his studies of the volcano in 1818; and in the following year visited

1666: 1592: 1321: 869: 864: 735: 708: 685: 670: 568: 490: 350: 324: 252: 193: 17: 1510: 630:, which he did not succeed in obtaining. However, one of the successful candidates, 1459:"Poulett Scrope on the Volcanoes of Auvergne: Lyellian Time and Political Economy." 1037:"Poulett Scrope on the Volcanoes of Auvergne: Lyellian Time and Political Economy." 798: 794: 557: 521: 435:

The Eruption of Vesuvius as seen from Naples, October 1822, drawn by Scrope in 1864

394: 371: 225: 1480:

Suggested Legislation with a View to the Improvement of the Dwellings of the Poor.

929: 431: 1518: 1494: 1470: 778:

work with and not against the operation of self-interest" for society to thrive.

404:

After Emma's death in 1866, Scrope sold Castle Combe and moved to Fairlawn, near

1349: 1207: 921: 1553: 782: 739: 653:, credited him with thirty-six papers on the subjects of volcanic geology and 607: 516:

In 1827, Scrope published his research from Auvergne in central France in his

213: 197: 174: 255:. This earlier work was subsequently amplified and issued under the title of 1274: 1246: 743: 654: 532:

that "The Wernerian notion ... has since that date never held up its head."

513:

time performing research locally and discussing the matter with colleagues.

471: 375: 170: 1381:"The Economic Articles in the Quarterly Review and Their Authors, 1809-52." 1303:"The Economic Articles in the Quarterly Review and Their Authors, 1809-52." 362:, after having performed several years of fieldwork in continental Europe. 1122:"Summerhouse in Italian Garden north east of Manor House Hotel (1363579)" 789:

which he had quite a sound mind. He was responsible for implementing the

711:'s Malthusian ideas as well. Ricardo was an accomplished economist and a 704: 616: 355: 267:(1858). These books were the first widely published descriptions of the 209: 1004:

Notices on Lord Sydenham's Death (1841). The Examiner, p 37-39. Toronto.

882:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 485. 1532: 1502:

Scrope, George P., and Sydenham, Charles Edward Poulett Thomson. 1844.

1458: 1441: 1380: 1302: 1036: 989: 747: 417: 378:, which is north-east of Bath. She was also the great-granddaughter of 359: 201: 151: 113: 1424: 1161: 327:, a privately funded public school in the Harrow district of London. 205: 178: 661:, Redvers Opie estimated that if his entries to places such as the 1398:

Nature Publishing Group. 27 Jan. 1876: 241–242. (According to the

459: 430: 244: 1013:

Scrope, George P., and Sydenham, Charles Edward Poulett Thomson.

27:

English geologist, political economist and politician (1797–1876)

1562:. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 135–137. 548:

views were not to George's liking, he found solace in Professor

1489:

London: J. Ridgway; Chippenham, Wilts, Printed by R. Alexander.

173:

and political economist as well as a Member of Parliament and

946:

Harrison, Pall Mall: London. 4 ed. Part II. 1863, p. 1347.

699:, according to Frank Whitson Fetter, is the "fallacies of 358:. Thomson received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1821 in 345:

Once at St. John's, Thomson was introduced to Professors

1367:

Institutional economics: Its place in political economy.

703:

and of the current proposals for sweeping reform of the

1442:"A Neglected English Economist: George Poulett Scrope." 990:"A Neglected English Economist: George Poulett Scrope." 288:

History of the Manor and Ancient Barony of Castle Combe

169:(10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English 1355:. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 2008. 1213:. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 2008. 619:, earning him a common nickname of "Pamphlet Scrope." 330:

After Harrow, Thomson was accepted to and enrolled at

228:, Wiltshire, and assumed her name; and he entered the 1538:

contributions in Parliament by George Poulett Scrope

695:

The third primary theme of Scrope’s articles to the

659:

A Neglected English Economist: George Poulett Scrope

485:

was not very well received. Scrope commented in his

445:

Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society

1183:

The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France.

1054:"Thomson (post Scrope), George Poulett (THN816GD)" 147: 127: 119: 108: 100: 92: 72: 53: 34: 1471:The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France 910:Rudwick, Martin. "Scrope, George Julius Poulett". 567:'s meticulously kept records and experiments, and 389:During the marriage, George Poulett Scrope kept a 315:entry to Harrow at roughly thirteen years of age. 265:The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France 1713:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 1374:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1362:Harrison, Pall Mall: London. 4 ed. Part II. 1863. 1177: 1175: 1173: 439:In 1825, Scrope became a secretary, jointly with 307:George was the second son of John and Charlotte. 220:. In 1821 he married the daughter and heiress of 715:for Port Arlington during the years 1819-1823. 1463:The British Journal for the History of Science 1041:The British Journal for the History of Science 518:Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France 464:Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France 905: 903: 901: 899: 897: 895: 893: 891: 889: 8: 1521:. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. 916:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 428:and other areas of volcanism in the region. 271:, a chain of over 70 small volcanoes in the 1428:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1416:Judd, J. W. 1876. "George Poulett Scrope." 1334:Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham 1227:Judd, J. W. 1876. "George Poulett Scrope." 1165:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1156: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1142: 204:. During the winter of 1816–1817 he was at 1579: 1317: 1315: 42: 31: 1435:George Poulett Scrope, from a photograph. 1413:Peerage.org website, 2008. Accessed 2008. 1297: 1295: 1293: 1198:Nature Publishing Group. 27 January 1876. 1194:G., A.. "George Poulett Scrope, F.R.S.." 290:(printed for private circulation, 1852). 1475:New York: Arno Press Inc., reprint 1978. 1185:New York: Arno Press Inc., reprint 1978. 851: 849: 847: 606:Around the year 1821, Scrope was made a 447:, contributing heavily to its magazine. 1425:"Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased." 1242:"Owing to the ill health in his family" 1223: 1221: 1219: 1162:"Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased." 1071: 1069: 1067: 984: 982: 980: 978: 976: 974: 972: 913:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 843: 286:in 1867. Among his other works was the 247:district in 1823. In 1825 he published 1708:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge 1402:article on Scrope, "A. G." represents 970: 968: 966: 964: 962: 960: 958: 956: 954: 952: 354:the geologic time scale including the 230:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 1549:"Scrope, George Julius Poulett" 481:At the time of publication, however, 7: 1452:Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1482:Piccadilly, London: James Ridgway. 1445:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 1126:National Heritage List for England 1099:National Heritage List for England 1077:Dictionary of Scientific Biography 993:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 676:Scrope heavily contributed to the 323:Thomson received his education at 208:, and was so keenly interested in 25: 1094:"The Manor House Hotel (1199055)" 647:Dictionary of National Biography' 240:, retaining his seat until 1868. 1688:People educated at Harrow School 1584:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1559:Dictionary of National Biography 1385:The Journal of Political Economy 1350:"Scrope, George Julius Poulett." 1307:The Journal of Political Economy 1208:"Scrope, George Julius Poulett." 856: 813:wealth" as a means to this end. 995:44, no. 1: 101-102-137, p. 102. 1509:Williams, Henry S. 1863-1963. 1420:9, no. Jan/June 1876: 102-103. 1392:"George Poulett Scrope, F.R.S. 1231:9, no. Jan/June 1876: 102-103. 701:Malthusian population doctrine 454:, France, Southern Italy, the 1: 1079:. New York: Scribner, p. 261. 874:Scrope, George Julius Poulett 493:wrote his first essay in the 58:George Julius Poulett Thomson 1703:Fellows of the Royal Society 1457:Rudwick, Martin. Nov. 1974. 1035:Rudwick, Martin. Nov. 1974. 930:UK public library membership 805:. Eventually Charles became 530:Geology and Extinct Volcanos 487:Geology and Extinct Volcanos 380:Sir Robert Long, 6th Baronet 340:St John's College, Cambridge 284:Geological Society of London 164:George Julius Poulett Scrope 104:St John's College, Cambridge 48:George Julius Poulett Scrope 36:George Julius Poulett Scrope 1450:Page, L.E.. ed. 1970-1990. 1369:Transaction Publishers: NY. 1075:Page, L.E.. ed. 1970-1990. 1058:A Cambridge Alumni Database 476:Considerations on Volcanoes 420:– and what would be called 188:, through the influence of 1784: 1060:. University of Cambridge. 807:Governor General of Canada 249:Considerations on Volcanos 184:While an undergraduate at 1647: 1601: 1589: 1582: 1411:"SCROPE, George Poulett." 809:until his death in 1841. 157: 140: 41: 1492:Scrope, George P. 1825. 1485:Scrope, George P. 1831. 1478:Scrope, George P. 1849. 1336:, Knowledge (XXG) entry. 1324:, Knowledge (XXG) entry. 1278:. 31 May 1833. p. 5 1250:. 22 May 1833. p. 3 1017:London: J. Murray, 1844. 196:he became interested in 1723:Wollaston Medal winners 1447:44, no. 1: 101-102-137. 1379:Fetter, Frank W. 1958. 1376:95, no. 3: 220-221-222. 1365:Commons, John R. 1990. 1353:Encyclopædia Britannica 1301:Fetter, Frank W. 1958. 1211:Encyclopædia Britannica 879:Encyclopædia Britannica 830:– their highest award. 634:, shortly accepted the 588:the release of Lyell's 278:Scrope was awarded the 1698:British volcanologists 1575:. James Ridgway. 1847. 1517:Scrope, G. P. (1872). 922:10.1093/ref:odnb/24956 793:in 1840, which united 669:economy and the other 507:Abraham Gottlob Werner 436: 1632:William Henry Stanton 1544:Bonney, Thomas George 1512:A history of science. 1440:Opie, Redvers. 1929. 988:Opie, Redvers. 1929. 596:Principles of Geology 591:Principles of Geology 434: 399:Christ Church, Oxford 18:George Poulett Scrope 1604:Member of Parliament 1387:66, no. 1: 47-48-64. 1358:Burke, Sir Bernard. 1309:66, no. 1: 47-48-64. 942:Burke, Sir Bernard. 713:Member of Parliament 562:Theory of the Earth, 347:Edward Daniel Clarke 181:in Gloucestershire. 1683:People from Farnham 1622:Charles Richard Fox 1617:William Henry Hyett 1597:William Henry Hyett 1454:New York: Scribner. 1693:English geologists 1655:Henry Winterbotham 1506:London: J. Murray. 1468:Scrope, George P. 1181:Scrope, George P. 1120:Historic England. 803:Province of Canada 742:. Scrope was anti- 437: 412:Study of volcanoes 123:Emma Phipps Scrope 1661: 1660: 1648:Succeeded by 1612:1833–1867 1270:"Stroud Election" 928:(Subscription or 678:Quarterly Review' 636:Chiltern Hundreds 546:uniformitarianist 441:Sir Charles Lyell 422:igneous petrology 161: 160: 142:Scientific career 16:(Redirected from 1775: 1768:UK MPs 1865–1868 1763:UK MPs 1859–1865 1758:UK MPs 1857–1859 1753:UK MPs 1852–1857 1748:UK MPs 1847–1852 1743:UK MPs 1841–1847 1738:UK MPs 1837–1841 1733:UK MPs 1835–1837 1728:UK MPs 1832–1835 1590:Preceded by 1580: 1576: 1574: 1563: 1551: 1423:N/A. 1876-1877. 1404:Archibald Geikie 1337: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1310: 1299: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1238: 1232: 1225: 1214: 1205: 1199: 1192: 1186: 1179: 1168: 1160:N/A. 1876-1877. 1158: 1137: 1136: 1134: 1132: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1090:Historic England 1086: 1080: 1073: 1062: 1061: 1050: 1044: 1033: 1027: 1024: 1018: 1011: 1005: 1002: 996: 986: 947: 940: 934: 933: 925: 907: 884: 883: 862: 860: 859: 853: 697:Quarterly Review 663:Quarterly Review 643:House of Commons 602:Political career 498:poor reception, 495:Quarterly Review 332:Pembroke College 136: 83: 81: 68: 66: 46: 32: 21: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1613: 1611: 1599: 1595: 1566: 1542: 1528: 1346: 1344:Further reading 1341: 1340: 1332: 1328: 1320: 1313: 1300: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1253: 1251: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1226: 1217: 1206: 1202: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1171: 1159: 1140: 1130: 1128: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1104: 1102: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1074: 1065: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1012: 1008: 1003: 999: 987: 950: 941: 937: 927: 909: 908: 887: 872:, ed. (1911). " 868: 857: 855: 854: 845: 840: 828:Wollaston Medal 819: 651:entry on Scrope 604: 456:Pontine Islands 414: 368: 321: 301: 296: 280:Wollaston Medal 269:Chaîne des Puys 134: 132:Wollaston Medal 101:Alma mater 88: 85: 79: 77: 76:19 January 1876 64: 62: 60: 59: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1781: 1779: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1651:Edward Horsman 1649: 1646: 1642:Edward Horsman 1600: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1578: 1577: 1564: 1540: 1527: 1526:External links 1524: 1523: 1522: 1515: 1507: 1500: 1490: 1483: 1476: 1466: 1455: 1448: 1438: 1431: 1430:v.25: i-ii-iv. 1421: 1414: 1407: 1388: 1377: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1326: 1311: 1289: 1261: 1233: 1215: 1200: 1187: 1169: 1167:v.25: i-ii-iv. 1138: 1112: 1081: 1063: 1045: 1028: 1019: 1006: 997: 948: 935: 885: 870:Chisholm, Hugh 842: 841: 839: 836: 818: 815: 671:moral sciences 603: 600: 573:Illustrations. 537:Charles Darwin 500:Considerations 483:Considerations 426:Mount Vesuvius 413: 410: 406:Cobham, Surrey 367: 364: 320: 317: 300: 297: 295: 292: 273:Massif Central 222:William Scrope 218:Lipari Islands 159: 158: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 138: 137: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 110: 109:Known for 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 87:Cobham, Surrey 86: 84:(aged 78) 74: 70: 69: 57: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1780: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1718:Scrope family 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1598: 1594: 1593:David Ricardo 1588: 1585: 1581: 1573: 1571: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1322:David Ricardo 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1127: 1123: 1116: 1113: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1026:Opie, p. 102. 1023: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1007: 1001: 998: 994: 991: 985: 983: 981: 979: 977: 975: 973: 971: 969: 967: 965: 963: 961: 959: 957: 955: 953: 949: 945: 939: 936: 931: 923: 919: 915: 914: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 890: 886: 881: 880: 875: 871: 866: 865:public domain 852: 850: 848: 844: 837: 835: 831: 829: 823: 816: 814: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 786: 784: 779: 775: 773: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 732: 729: 724: 720: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 693: 691: 687: 686:gold standard 682: 679: 674: 672: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 632:David Ricardo 629: 625: 624:Parliamentary 620: 618: 612: 609: 601: 599: 597: 593: 592: 585: 583: 577: 574: 570: 566: 563: 559: 553: 552:'s theories. 551: 547: 541: 538: 533: 531: 525: 523: 519: 514: 510: 508: 505:According to 503: 501: 496: 492: 491:Charles Lyell 488: 484: 479: 477: 474:. This work, 473: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 448: 446: 442: 433: 429: 427: 423: 419: 411: 409: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 365: 363: 361: 357: 352: 351:Adam Sedgwick 348: 343: 341: 337: 333: 328: 326: 325:Harrow School 318: 316: 312: 310: 305: 298: 293: 291: 289: 285: 281: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 194:Adam Sedgwick 191: 190:Edward Clarke 187: 182: 180: 176: 172: 168: 165: 156: 153: 150: 146: 143: 139: 133: 130: 126: 122: 118: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 75: 71: 61:10 March 1797 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 1637:Lord Moreton 1627:John Russell 1615: 1602: 1569: 1557: 1531: 1511: 1503: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1469: 1462: 1451: 1444: 1427: 1417: 1399: 1395: 1384: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1329: 1306: 1280:. Retrieved 1273: 1264: 1252:. Retrieved 1245: 1236: 1228: 1210: 1203: 1195: 1190: 1182: 1164: 1129:. Retrieved 1125: 1115: 1103:. 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In his 655:petrology 617:pamphlets 489:that Sir 472:Neptunism 418:volcanoes 376:Wiltshire 319:Education 294:Biography 186:Cambridge 171:geologist 114:volcanoes 1546:(1897). 1409:Hughes. 1390:G., A.. 626:seat of 582:Von Buch 569:Playfair 452:Auvergne 391:mistress 356:Cambrian 257:Volcanos 216:and the 210:Vesuvius 1619:to 1835 1556:(ed.). 1533:Hansard 1418:Academy 1396:Nature. 1229:Academy 1196:Nature. 867:: 801:as the 726:To his 709:Ricardo 641:In the 360:geology 309:Charles 282:by the 202:geology 152:Geology 96:English 78: ( 63: ( 1614:With: 1608:Stroud 1572: 1496:earth. 926: 861: 736:Butler 690:Jevons 628:Stroud 558:Hutton 550:Huxley 336:Oxford 238:Stroud 206:Naples 179:Stroud 148:Fields 135:(1867) 128:Awards 120:Spouse 1552:. In 1433:N/A. 460:Eifel 245:Eifel 1624:1835 1606:for 1284:2018 1256:2018 1133:2021 1107:2021 797:and 740:Hume 738:and 565:Hall 397:and 349:and 236:for 214:Etna 200:and 192:and 177:for 73:Died 54:Born 1400:DNB 1394:." 1383:I. 1305:I. 918:doi 876:". 571:'s 560:'s 253:FRS 224:of 167:FRS 1669:: 1406:.) 1314:^ 1292:^ 1272:. 1244:. 1218:^ 1172:^ 1141:^ 1124:. 1096:. 1092:. 1066:^ 1056:. 951:^ 888:^ 846:^ 673:. 649:s 458:, 374:, 334:, 275:. 234:MP 1473:. 1286:. 1258:. 1135:. 1109:. 924:. 920:: 82:) 67:) 20:)

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