227:. Through this experience, he decided that "the most effective way to reach the Chinese people was through teaching English". Following masters studies that improved his understanding of Chinese history and culture, the Bensons returned to Canton in April 1932. Together with a growing team, they opened the Canton English Finishing School opened in February 1933, which grew to over 100 students by year-end. In 1933, the intensive Bible training short courses that had been conducted several times in 1932 were expanded and formalized as the Canton Bible School, starting with 14 full-time students. The three-year program included Chinese reading and writing in addition to the primary Bible instruction. As the students matured, they participated in evangelism work in the country, taught children's Bible classes, and taught children to read and write at a new "school for the poor" they had suggested. The English and Bible schools continued to operate until 1949. Another significant effort in Guangzhou was translating and publishing literature in the Chinese language, including an award winning publication of
279:(NCA). This would aid Harding students seeking admission to graduate schools. From 1941-1948 he "significantly strengthened faculty qualifications, increased the institution's financial resources and endowments, and undertook a costly building program." He hired retired NCA Review Board members to evaluate the school and make recommendations. The 1953 NCA reviewers recognized "a top quality faculty", fully satisfactory physical plant, "one of the most stable financial situations among small colleges", and high quality graduates. However, there was strong opposition to Benson's work with the National Education Program on the NCA Review Board,. The NCA rejected Harding's applications four times from 1948-1953. Continuing to engage with knowledgeable contacts, Benson learned that he could win over most of the Review Board by separating the NEP from the college. This was done in early 1954 and that March the NCA granted accreditation.
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yet ready" and that time was required for the South to absorb the "great shock" of the
Supreme Court decision. He claimed that integrating immediately would cause white students to leave Harding, and that equal educational opportunities were available for all without integration, stating "The Little Rock Nine left a far better building and their own teachers to go to Central." In a 1958 chapel speech, Benson claimed that few blacks desired to attend Harding, and that he personally provided funds to attend all-black colleges to those few that applied. Losing financial support was likely also a concern. But he especially feared that
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lower standards of living despite comparable natural resources. He concluded key differences were the stability of
America's constitutional government along with innovation from its private enterprise economic system. Benson believed that only when the government is stable will individuals venture the capital that creates jobs. He also saw America's economic success as dependent on personal integrity, with that being grounded in faith in God. Benson viewed the federal government's role as "umpire" rather than "guarantor of security" that would take individual freedom to deliver that security.
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between that other great civilization, now lost in the dustbin of history, and what could happen to this country, and he began trying to warn all of us before any were willing to accept the warning.". Eisenhower commented "I only wish that other colleges and universities were doing what
Harding College is doing for our American way of life." Benson's work with the NEP placed him "at the nexus of the 'Radical Right'", playing a role in "the right's transformation from marginalization in the 1930s to its resurrection by the 1980s".
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private institution faced no legal threat". The
Gazette further reported that Harding was the first private college in Arkansas to integrate and editorialized "they and Dr. Benson deserve an ovation...for the grace with which they have undertaken this social change". More recently, the Arkansas Times has reported that Harding was actually second. The student newspaper article about the announcement stated: "Benson's leadership in the movement for equal opportunity makes us proud, even boastful".
337:, a biblical reference that was often used to cast Black people as inferior and provide theological justification for slavery and segregation. While Benson's interest in global humanitarianism and worldwide evangelism indicate that he did not harbor stringent racial animosities, his positions were used by followers who believed that their faith in God and scripture mandated segregation in order to fulfill God's will. In 1963, Benson directed Harding to grant an honorary doctorate to
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represent the college on a more authoritative basis, and asked
Harding to release Benson for approximately a third of his time. Benson primarily focused on fund raising, delegating day-to-day operations to President Baird. When the college sought accreditation, the North Central Examining Committee's December 1965 report was critical of the college's dual leadership, so Benson made plans to retire. Benson connected the college with major donors such as the Gaylords and Davissons.
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by age eight he worked full days on the farm. George completed eight grades in nearby Bonto and a year of high school each in
Seiling and in Claremore, where his janitor job paid the rent for the shack he lived in. The year away from home in Claremore was foundational in his resolve to serve God "above all else" and "regardless of where it might lead". After three years working on the family farm and teaching in nearby schools, George completed high school in Kingfisher.
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heritage". In 1954 these included the weekly "Looking Ahead" and "Listen, Americans" columns carried by 4,000 weekly newspapers and trade newspapers, a monthly bulletin mailed to 47,000 people, a weekly radio broadcast carried by 387 stations, and MGM-distributed films estimated to have been viewed by 35 million people. These animated films were produced by John
Sutherland, a former Disney executive and funded by The Sloan Foundation and included "
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Association had recently announced educational plans to "support President Roosevelt in taking over and operating them at full capacity as a unified national system". America seemed to be trending towards "the public tendency to live off the national pay roll" that had brought down the Greek and Roman democracies. Benson "promised himself that he'd do something in his small way".
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disorderly house supplied with unnecessary funds". He characterized
Federal "aid" to states as merely a return of taxes paid by those states and "weighted with a group of bureaucrats and political hangers-on", and that such "aid" would lead to increased federal government control. In 1946 Benson debated Dr. Ralph Norton of Columbia University on the topic of federal aid to education.
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against oversimplification: Benson "was marked by the segregated society in which he was raised", "feared the loss of conservative donations that would have followed early desegregation", dreaded interracial marriage, and it is unclear if he ever "acknowledged his mistakes and racial myopia". Yet, "on some level, Benson too believed that 'God was no respecter of persons.'"
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to the
Harding presidency in March 1936, he was inclined to turn it down. But as the now-experienced team contemplated the quantity of missionaries that would be needed to "take the Christian message to the other great cities of China", they urged him to accept this role where he could "influence the recruitment and preparation of future missionaries for China".
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one hundred faculty and staff did so. Nevertheless, Benson dismissed the statement as "not an accurate expression of student feeling" and explained "they didn't understand what they were signing". The following day, students posted an ironic "whites only" sign in the lily pool, a decorative pond that serves as the central gathering place on the Searcy campus.
159:(September 26, 1898—December 15, 1991) was an American missionary, college administrator, and conservative political activist. After fleeing communist uprisings in China as a missionary, Benson became an anticommunist and conservative activist, taking stances against the New Deal, and later, racial integration. Benson served for many years as the president of
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As he embarked for China, Benson thought of Americans as "alert, ambitious, and hopeful", "self-reliant and "independent". Upon returning in 1936, however, he saw a "paralyzing change. Millions were on relief and their children were growing up without knowledge of any other way of life". The National
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would follow integration, and warned of "increased destruction to properties, increased gonorrhea and syphilis, and increased pregnancies." He expressed his belief that segregation was the natural order of creation, stating "the blackbirds and bluebirds, the blue jays and mockingbirds, they don't mix
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Another primary goal for Benson was increasing faculty salaries and "to retain this dedicated faculty, with its deep spiritual commitment to cultivating genuinely Christian character in students." One of the first things he did upon assuming the presidency was to establish a firm salary schedule that
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Towards the end of his career, George wrote "Missionary Experiences". He discusses preparation and attitude for effectively sharing the Gospel, drawing on his and others' experiences in China, the Philippines, Korea, and Zambia as well as his "preparatory years" growing up in Oklahoma and in college.
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began operating on the King Estate in Memphis that had been purchased. Benson's proposal two years earlier to establish it on the Searcy campus had been rejected by a faculty vote over concerns it would lead to faculty members in other disciplines no longer being allowed to also teach Bible classes.
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The National Education Program (NEP) was set up as a Harding's Department of National Education in 1941 and formally separated from the college in 1954. The NEP produced a variety of materials intended to advance "the facts about our economic system, our constitutional government, and our spiritual
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In 2012, Mike D. Brown wrote that Harding's 1963 decision to begin admitting black students was motivated by expectation that the coming Civil Rights Act would require "Harding to desegregate to continue receiving federal funds". Key concurs, noting that "Congress was already considering what would
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Families that had joined the work in Canton included the Oldham, Davis, Whitfield, Leung, So, Ko, and Bernard families. Lowell Davis and Roy Whitfield had been in a missionary methods class at Harding that George taught winter 1931-1932 while on furlough. When Benson received Armstrong's invitation
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Benson grew up on a Dewey County, Oklahoma homestead. His parents, Stuart and Emma, were devout Christians, never missing the meetings in the Taloga schoolhouse church held by the various itinerant preachers who passed through. They instilled early the values of hard work and self-reliance, so that
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He personally wrote letters to gain financial support for Lewis Brown, Walter Cunningham, and David Johnson, the three black students who broke the color barrier at Harding in 1963. To one such contributor who had sent $ 50 in scholarship support for the three he wrote, "They are starting off well
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As the NEP grew in influence, it attracted increasing criticism. Its 1960 video "Communism on the Map" was attacked as "mingling fact and falsehood" and "misleading propaganda". 1961 articles in the New York Times, Newsweek, and Arkansas Gazette labelled the NEP as "far right" and linked it to the
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In 1949, the NEP conducted its first "Freedom Forum" to help reach Americans with "the facts about our economic system, our constitutional government, and our spiritual heritage". Forums were a mixture of lecture and workshop and organized around a theme, such as "Collectivism - History's Greatest
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government offered land to Church of Christ missionary J.D. Merritt if he would build a secondary school on it. Merritt asked Benson to help raise funds for that purpose. Namwianga Christian Secondary School opened in 1966 and Kabanga Christian Secondary School several years later. In 1989, George
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Brown notes two examples that suggest Benson was not dedicated to preserving segregation: He had "turned down a lucrative offer" to start a strictly segregated college in Mississippi, and he personally raised support for the students who broke the color barrier at Harding. Brown's summary cautions
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In 1957, student body president Bill Floyd circulated a "statement of attitude" that affirmed that the signers were ready to accept black students. Upon hearing of it, Benson announced in the required daily chapel that students should not sign it, yet over 85 percent of the student body and almost
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Benson resisted a 1957 effort by students and faculty to desegregate Harding, but faced with the prospect of losing federal funds, in the fall of 1963 three black students were admitted to the Searcy campus. Benson's stated reasons for opposing desegregation in 1956 were that the "community is not
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Benson left China in 1936, at the invitation of J.N. Armstrong, to succeed him as president of Harding College. The college had not yet repaid any of its debt from the 1934 Searcy campus purchase, so its prospects were bleak. Like Western, Cordell, and Harper colleges that Armstrong had led before
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In 1945 and 1948, Benson spoke to congressional committees opposing federal funding for state and local education. While acknowledging educational deficiencies, he argued that the real need was for local school districts to "set our own house in order, rather than asking for Federal aid to keep a
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At both Harper College and Oklahoma A&M, Benson displayed an interest in the mistakes that had felled great civilizations of past, taking as his debate theme "The Seventh Nation" in which America was compared with Egypt, Babylonia, Persia, Syria, Greece and Rome. Abroad, Benson observed much
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Hicks assessed the NEP's effectiveness, concluding that Reagan's 1980 victory can be attributed in part to "the grassroots activism carefully nurtured by men such as George Benson with his NEP". In a message for his 80th birthday, Reagan said "Dr. Benson, more than most, recognized the parallel
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president attributed his own school's 1964 policy change "to the mistake of accepting federal funds". Key acknowledges that "extant records do not precisely indicate" the reasoning at Harding. Hicks viewed Harding's action as "voluntary", citing a September 1963 Arkansas Gazette article: "as a
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book "Danger on the Right" stated that the NEP was "the largest producer of radical right propaganda in the country". Harding's faculty became critical, with James Atteberry shifting from praising the NEP in a 1966 book to expressing concern in 1967 that Harding's "national image is currently
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After their first year in China, Sally wrote a short book, "Chats About China" to share their "first impressions" of the people in the "small part of South China" they had observed so the reader might "know something about the people on this side of the world" and "be interested in their soul
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president Baird met with Benson and expressed that the school's situation in Bartlesville, OK was hopeless. He asked for Benson's help with moving the school to Tulsa or Oklahoma City. After a year of Benson "leading and guiding the moving program", the board named him Chancellor so he could
480:", "Going Places", "Meet King Joe", "Why Play Leapfrog", "Albert in Blunderland", "Adventures in Economics". These cartoons became "the most popular short subjects ever distributed by MGM. The 1965 NEP film "The Truth About Communism" was narrated by Ronald Reagan at Benson's invitation.
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and mingle together, young people!" In a 1966 sermon he maintained that "Before God, all men are equal, but in like manner there is no reason to think the Lord wants a mixing of the races and the creating of just one mongrel race. Benson also believed that black people were under the
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had requested. His speech was well-received by the Committee and nationally, with 2 million reprints requested. Congress proceeded to pass the a tax increase without any of his recommended spending cuts, but by the end of 1943 all three agencies had been abolished.
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During Benson's 29-year presidency, Harding grew from 324 to 1228 students and 15 buildings were erected, increasing the campus value from $ 600,000 to $ 25 million. Following his 1965 retirement, he continued to assist in the development of several other
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raising concerns about use of NEP materials in the armed forces, which resulted in immediate restrictions on its use. These attacks were "permanently and seriously damaging", and the NEP saw its revenues fall by half from 1961/62 to 1962/63. In 1964, the
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Benson served a Chairman of the Board of Zambian Christian Schools until 1984. He was "heavily involved" because "he wanted a multitude of Zambians to receive an education where they would get to know Christ as their personal savior."
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it, Harding was becoming insolvent. Finances were further challenged by a controversy that isolated the school from potential donors in the Churches of Christ: In 1935, President Armstrong was accused of being sympathetic to
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Benson was a recipient of the Tax Foundation's Distinguished Service Award in 1941. Dr. Benson was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1972 and to the Oklahoma State University Hall of Fame in 1976. Benson was the
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Integration proceeded slowly at Harding, with blacks comprising less than 2% of the student body in 1970, and challenges in areas like roommate assignments, dating and athletics continued beyond Benson's presidency.
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offered them support to work in the Philippines. George pitched a tent in Pinamalayan and started preaching, making converts and establishing a congregation. Sixty days later, he left for Paglasan and then
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and Gospel Guardian, which may have led to his resignation. Upon assuming the presidency, Benson was pressured to fire Armstrong from the Bible faculty, and then criticized in publications such as
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in 1975. He served as interim president and chief executive in 1981. During his years as chancellor, debt was reduced from $ 3.5 million to $ 1 million and college operations were strengthened.
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when he would not. Benson traveled around the country raising money to pay the $ 70,000 debt and on Thanksgiving Day of 1939, Armstrong was able to toss the cancelled mortgage into a fire.
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Benson attended church-of-Christ affiliated Harper Junior College in Kansas, where J.N. Armstrong was then president. He went on to earn a B.A. from Harding College in 1925, a B.S. from
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political rather than Christian". Benson and the NEP viewed much of the criticism as communist subversion, becoming "somewhat less focused" on promoting free market ideology.
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Upon assuming the Harding presidency, Benson had quickly become a regular regional speaker as he raised funds. But he gained national prominence through a 1941 speech to the
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Failure". Enrollment at the first forum was limited to 160, intended for "thought leaders" who could then educate their organization, often businesses. Speakers included
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become the Civil Rights act of 1964", and cites the "similarly pragmatic" Seventh-day Adventist decision to desegregate in 1965, as well as observing that the
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He married Sally Ellis Hockaday in 1925, and within a week they left for China. Two daughters, Mary Ruth and Lois were born in Hong Kong.
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570:"Outstanding Arkansan" of the year in 1954, and received a Freedoms Foundation George Washington Medal from General Eisenhower in 1949.
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The Bensons returned to China in 1929, having heard that the situation there was improving. George taught English for a year at
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Sally Ellis died December 17, 1981. On February 22, 1983, George married his long-time secretary Marguerite O'Banion.
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1483:"'A Shooting Star of Conservatism': George S. Benson, the National Education Program and the 'Radical Right'"
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following the move to Oklahoma City, Benson recommended changing the name to Oklahoma Christian College.
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because many jobs were available as defense industries ramped up. He also recommended a 50% cut to the
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Sometimes in the Wrong But Never in Doubt: George Benson and the Education of the New Religious Right
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Sometimes in the Wrong But Never in Doubt: George Benson and the Education of the New Religious Right
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In 1937, Harding began holding "Distinguished Speaker" lectures on campus with speakers such as
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in 1931. He received several honorary doctorates including those from Harding University, 1932;
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Fretz, Gene (May 30, 1954). "Harding Observes an Anniversary, and a Way of Life".
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Race and Restoration: churches of Christ and the African American Freedom Struggle
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Fletcher, John L (Dec 14, 1952). "George S Benson - His Fight: Free Enterprise".
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would be paid each month rather than paying "whatever the school could afford".
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In 1940, Benson announced the next major goal would be accreditation by the
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Harding's graduate school in Memphis admitted four black students in 1962.
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Soaring on Wings Like Eagles: A History of Oklahoma Christian University
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1520:"George Benson Resigns Harding College Post; Will Stay as NEP Head".
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Benson Christian College opened as a teacher training college on the
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George S. Benson: Conservative, Anti-Communist, Pro-American Speaker
447:. He was the 147th speaker at public hearings about how to fund the
1153:"Despite school sentiment, Harding's leader said no to integration"
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widely discredited John Birch society. That June, Arkansas senator
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credited Benson with awakening him to the dangers of liberalism.
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with their work. We hope all of them will continue to do well."
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List of Protestant missionary societies in China (1807–1953)
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The Contributions of George S. Benson to Christian Education
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The Contributions of George S. Benson to Christian Education
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1210:"George Benson's name removed from administration building"
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Voices of Concern; Critical Studies in Church of Christism
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George S. Benson started his career as a missionary to
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1236:"Introduction to Why I could not be a career preacher"
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Before Any Were Willing: The Story of George S. Benson
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Before Any Were Willing: The Story of George S. Benson
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
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for eleven years, 1925-1936. After only 6 months in
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749:. Delight, AR: Gospel Light Publishing Company.
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39:Benson as he appeared in the Harding-produced
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1263:Oklahoma Christian College: Dream to Reality
781:. Ed.D dissertation. North Texas University.
705:Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
995:. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers.
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675:, Ed.D dissertation, North Texas University
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16:For other people named George Benson, see
341:for his work opposing the integration of
142:Sally Ellis Hockaday, Marguerite O’Banion
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2430:American Congregationalist missionaries
2390:Congregationalist missionaries in China
2332:Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
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521:At the NEP, Benson worked closely with
360:Impact of 1964 Civil Rights Legislation
1753:Protestant missions in China 1807–1953
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666:, Ph.D dissertation, Wayne State Univ.
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445:Congressional Ways and Means Committee
423:Benson was appointed as chancellor of
1631:"History of the Restoration Movement"
305:Church of Christ-related institutions
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2410:Oklahoma Christian University alumni
2174:Reformed Church in the United States
2012:American Methodist Episcopal Mission
573:Buildings are named in his honor at
553:. Influential anti-communist author
508:sent a memo to Secretary of Defense
378:Oklahoma Christian College (1956-67)
99:Oak Grove Cemetery, Searcy, Arkansas
2405:Ministers of the Churches of Christ
2169:Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association
2047:Protestant Episcopal Church Mission
1608:Tryggestad, Erik (March 29, 2019).
419:Alabama Christian College (1975-83)
390:To avoid confusion with the nearby
1380:"Engagements: O'Banion - Benson".
398:Zambia Christian Schools (1964-84)
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2339:The Christian Occupation of China
1457:. Central Arkansas Library System
1354:Sianjina, Rayton (23 July 2020).
1208:Miller, Elise (August 14, 2020).
1123:Myers, Robert (January 1, 1966).
1073:. Searcy, AR: Harding University.
311:, Alabama Christian College (Now
167:), and lecture tours for Benson.
2415:Oklahoma State University alumni
1663:- Televised speech by Dr. Benson
1179:Brown, Michael D (6 June 2012).
1151:Brown, Michael D (6 June 2012).
33:
2190:Bible translations into Chinese
402:In 1964, the newly independent
2400:Knox College (Illinois) alumni
2353:The West China Missionary News
18:George Benson (disambiguation)
1:
2435:American expatriates in China
583:Oklahoma Christian University
461:Works Progress Administration
457:National Youth Administration
2420:University of Chicago alumni
2159:English Presbyterian Mission
2140:Peking Union Medical College
1703:Protestant missions to China
1610:"After 50 years, an apology"
1585:"OSU Alumni Association A-E"
1451:"National Education Program"
1105:Key, Barclay (May 6, 2020).
991:Crowder, Stephen V. (2018).
2135:West China Union University
2115:Fukien Christian University
1487:Journal of American Studies
453:Civilian Conservation Corps
181:Oklahoma A&M University
2461:
2205:Chinese Christian colleges
2147:Methodist Episcopal Church
2037:National Christian Council
2017:Canadian Methodist Mission
1635:Therestorationmovement.com
1561:"Benson, George S. | 1972"
1384:. Feb 6, 1983. p. 4H.
1356:"The George Benson I knew"
745:Benson, George S. (1987).
539:Columbia Christian College
431:National Education Program
15:
2425:New Right (United States)
2395:Harding University alumni
2195:Medical missions in China
2032:London Missionary Society
1660:The War We Are In, Part 2
1499:10.1017/S0021875817001360
1435:. Aug 5, 1942. p. 5.
1026:(retrieved 2010 July 22).
943:Stevens, John C. (1991).
827:Hicks, L. Edward (1994).
662:Donald P. Garner (1963),
639:Stevens, John C. (1991).
606:Hicks, L. Edward (1994).
579:Freed Hardeman University
551:Abilene Christian College
547:Alabama Christian College
543:Lubbock Christian College
535:George Pepperdine College
425:Alabama Christian College
384:Central Christian College
367:Freed–Hardeman University
317:George Pepperdine College
309:Lubbock Christian College
43:anticommunist film, 1962.
41:The War We Are In, Part 2
32:
2440:American anti-communists
2303:Second Sino-Japanese War
2164:Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui
2125:College of Yale-in-China
1969:Elwood Gardner Tewksbury
1721:Protestantism in Sichuan
1481:Maxwell, Robbie (2019).
1455:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1290:North, Stafford (2008).
171:Early life and education
2445:Activists from Arkansas
2042:US Presbyterian Mission
1360:The Christian Chronicle
486:Robert Andrews Millikan
189:Knox College (Illinois)
2325:The Chinese Repository
2075:University of Shanghai
2027:Church Mission Society
1934:Issachar Jacox Roberts
1716:Protestantism in China
1589:OSU Alumni Association
1536:"The Tax Foundation -"
993:The Field is the World
747:Missionary Experiences
701:"George Stuart Benson"
515:Anti-Defamation League
339:Senator John McClellan
221:Sun Yat-sen University
2105:St. John's University
2090:University of Nanking
1854:Elizabeth G. K. Hewat
1738:Christianity in China
1565:Oklahoma Hall Of Fame
1261:Beeman, W.O. (1970).
1036:Benson, S.E. (1927).
699:Haynie, Paul (2017).
392:Central State College
250:Administrative career
185:University of Chicago
127:College administrator
2022:China Inland Mission
1964:John Leighton Stuart
1954:Vincent John Stanton
1924:Karl Ludvig Reichelt
1894:Robert Samuel Maclay
1522:The Arkansas Gazette
1433:The Arkansas Gazette
1127:. Mission Messenger.
777:Altman, Ted (1970).
671:Altman, Ted (1970),
527:Clifton L. Ganus Jr.
506:J. William Fulbright
330:interracial marriage
292:Charles F. Kettering
157:George Stuart Benson
27:George Stuart Benson
2130:Huachung University
2110:Hangchow University
2100:Yenching University
1989:(more missionaries)
1959:John and Betty Stam
1869:Carl C. Jeremiassen
1849:Laura Askew Haygood
1804:William Jones Boone
1769:David Howard Adeney
1181:"The author's note"
343:Central High School
313:Faulkner University
2225:Foochow Roman Type
2215:Chinese Roman Type
2200:Manchurian revival
2120:Lingnan University
2095:Soochow University
2080:Cheeloo University
1063:Ganus Jr., Clifton
1040:. p. Forward.
1022:2010-06-04 at the
575:Harding University
232:Commentary on Acts
133:political activist
59:September 26, 1898
2362:
2361:
2308:People's Republic
2298:Chinese Civil War
2253:Taiping Rebellion
2220:Minnan Roman Type
1864:Robert A. Jaffray
1774:Mary Ann Aldersey
1733:Missions timeline
1382:Arkansas Democrat
1301:978-0-615-24819-6
1294:. Oklahoma City.
1038:Chats About China
1002:978-1-5326-4366-8
568:Arkansas Democrat
561:Honors and legacy
490:Herbert Philbrick
478:Make Mine Freedom
409:Namwianga Mission
209:George Pepperdine
195:Missionary career
154:
153:
77:December 15, 1991
2452:
2283:Kucheng Massacre
2278:Tianjin Massacre
2263:Second Opium War
2230:Anti-footbinding
1984:William C. White
1859:Jennie V. Hughes
1834:Frederick Graves
1829:Jonathan Goforth
1784:Thomas J. Arnold
1697:
1690:
1683:
1674:
1668:George S. Benson
1646:
1645:
1643:
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1551:
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1548:
1547:
1538:. Archived from
1532:
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1478:
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1446:
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1418:Arkansas Gazette
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1400:Arkansas Gazette
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1371:
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1332:. Archived from
1330:"Zambia Mission"
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1155:. Arkansas Times
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1017:Honorary Degrees
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345:in Little Rock.
270:The Bible Banner
262:Premillennialism
80:
58:
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37:
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2293:1911 Revolution
2258:First Opium War
2245:
2239:
2210:Chinese hymnody
2178:
2152:Hwa Nan College
2085:Ginling College
2062:
2056:
1999:
1993:
1979:Thomas Torrance
1944:Cambridge Seven
1929:Timothy Richard
1904:Robert Morrison
1819:Thomas Cochrane
1757:
1728:Chinese history
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1542:on 2008-10-27
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1420:. p. 5F.
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1336:on 2008-07-04
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610:. Knoxville.
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589:Personal life
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1743:Nestorians
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