3200:
2270:
707:
1090:
1172:, which abolished privateering, defined the right of blockade, and limited the right of capture to enemy property in enemy ships. Clarendon has been accused of abandoning Britain's belligerent rights, which were based on the old maritime laws of Europe. But he acted with the agreement of the British Cabinet, which felt that it was not to Britain's benefit keep to customs which exposed Britain's vast merchant fleet to attack, even by the cruisers of a secondary maritime power, and which, if vigorously enforced against neutrals, would embroil Britain with every maritime state in the world.
694:
68:
1911:
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1313:
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Despairing of effective famine relief, Clarendon suggested to
Russell, that "there is not another legislature in Europe that would disregard such suffering as now exists in the west of Ireland, or coldly persist in a policy of extermination". Lord Russell replied: “The course of English benevolence
878:
to the regency. He undoubtedly supported the chiefs of the
Liberal party, such as Espartero, against the intrigues of the French court; but the object of the British government was to establish Isabella as Queen on a truly national and liberal basis and to protect her against the foreign influence
825:
stated that he had "received from nature a singularly handsome person, a polished and engaging address, a ready command of languages, and a remarkable power of composition". Upon his return to
England in 1823, he was appointed to a commissionership of customs, an office which he retained for about
1097:
Despite what he accounted as "failure" in
Ireland, Clarendon continued to enjoy official favour. His services were expressly acknowledged in the Queen's Speech to both Houses of Parliament in September 1848 - this being the first time that any civil servant obtained that honour; and he was made a
1196:
1650:
570:
1328:
902:
in 1838 in acknowledgment of his services in Spain, and succeeded, on the death of his uncle, to the title of Earl of
Clarendon; in the following year, having left Madrid, he married a young widow, Lady Katharine Foster-Barham
1081:, a former Orangeman whom the famine had converted to the cause of Irish self-government. When he returned to England following the fall of the Russell ministry in February 1852, "he was distrusted by all sides in Ireland".
1276:
870:, signed on 22 April 1834, France and England pledged themselves to the defence of the constitutional thrones of Spain and Portugal. For six years, on behalf of the British government, Villiers continued to aid the
933:
until the end of the ministry in 1841. Clarendon and
Holland believed that friendly Anglo-French relations were important to promote peace and liberalism in Europe. He reluctantly supported Foreign Secretary
1590:
First report on the commercial relations between France and Great
Britain, addressed to ... the lords of the committee of privy council for trade and plantations: with a supplementary report, by John Bowring
1602:
989:
Clarendon was twice offered the
Governor-Generalship of India, and once the Governor-Generalship of Canada, but he declined as it would have meant leaving British and European politics for some years.
3279:
2484:
1944:
3264:
2674:
862:
became the representatives of constitutional monarchy, Don Carlos of
Catholic absolutism. The conflict, which had divided the despotic and the constitutional powers of Europe since the
693:
1129:, an expression of Clarendon's which became notorious. Clarendon was not responsible for starting the war, but he supported it and maintained close relations with the French Emperor
1160:
was admitted to the conference as an Allied power, but that
Prussia, which had remained neutral, should be excluded. Clarendon ensured that the Allies insisted on neutralising the
3249:
2779:
1057:. In 1849, he sided with Catholic bishops in their objections to a non-denominational ("godless") scheme for higher education, and when an official inquiry failed to indict the
1723:
3304:
1877:
1760:
3234:
1512:
2144:
1831:
1073:
to curtail the Protestant association. However, Orangemen accused Clarendon of double-dealing, having previously supplied them with arms. The claim was publicly upheld by
1027:
While he was to commute the sentences of the Young Ireland conspirators from hanging to life transportation, Clarendon did take stringent security measures, proclaiming
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2869:
2754:
2539:
2139:
2124:
2109:
2099:
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government of Spain. He was unjustly accused of having supported the revolution of La Granja, which drove Christina, the Queen Mother, out of the kingdom, and raised
2844:
2159:
1050:, insisted that Ireland be "left to the operation of natural causes" (and was fearful that borrowing to finance relief efforts in Ireland might panic the markets.
3284:
2504:
2477:
1706:
1633:
806:
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2034:
2014:
1660:
1114:
926:
452:
121:
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2104:
2089:
2044:
1899:
1821:
1794:
1750:
1740:
1333:
1223:
1110:
805:, which he entered at the early age of sixteen, on 29 June 1816. In 1820, as the eldest son of an earl's brother of royal descent, he was able to take his
769:
765:
733:
263:
88:
53:
2979:
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2149:
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2019:
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1994:
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1959:
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only agreed to serve if given the Foreign Office, leaving no suitably senior job for Clarendon. Clarendon re-entered the cabinet in May 1864 as
2944:
2924:
2739:
2619:
2614:
1954:
1869:
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875:
558:
440:
376:
2814:
2709:
2694:
2659:
2654:
2629:
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2554:
2529:
2509:
2438:
2311:
2189:
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2134:
1216:
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793:
125:
846:, then two years old, was placed on the throne based on the old Spanish custom of female inheritance – but her succession was challenged by
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1999:
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in Ireland. Her visit was deemed a "great popular success". But it appeared to make no impression on Irish policy. Trevelyan, a student of
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915:
546:
388:
315:
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Slavery had been declared illegal in Spanish colonies from 1820, but still had not been eradicated. Villiers worked with the help of the
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2839:
2729:
2704:
2624:
1934:
1696:
1208:
908:
859:
516:
2874:
2789:
2784:
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1969:
1964:
1949:
1814:
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206:
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2649:
2544:
2534:
2524:
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1989:
1516:
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1183:. He served as Foreign Secretary a second time in Russell's second government (1865-66), and for a third time in the early years of
1066:
950:
726:
719:
49:
45:
996:, which the Cabinet wanted to abolish and transform into an Irish secretaryship of state. He arrived during the second year of the
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3049:
3004:
2669:
2644:
2254:
2199:
1546:
1229:
821:. There he remained three years, and gained practical knowledge of diplomacy which would be of use to him later in his life. The
789:
668:
3109:
2829:
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2493:
1892:
1686:
1347:
Manuel Llorca-Jaña, 'Turnbull, David (1793?–1851)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oct 2009
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was defeated. The congress was eager to turn to other subjects, and perhaps its most important achievement was the celebrated
1000:. His reports on the scale of the crisis were regularly discounted by a government that deferred to the permanent head of the
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57:
1536:
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2009:
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that a British Foreign Secretary had personally attended such a conference. Clarendon's first priority was to ensure that
887:
1677:
1169:
327:
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Hon. George Patrick Hyde (1847–1892), married Louisa Maria Maquay, daughter of George Disney Maquay, on 9 October 1884.
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1979:
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1258:(1852–1925), married Virginia Katharine Smith, daughter of Eric Carrington Smith and Mary Maberly, on 28 June 1876.
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to get slavery removed from Spanish colonies. In 1835 the Spanish reaffirmed their commitment to end slavery.
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which Ferdinand had renounced before the birth of his daughter. Isabella II and her mother the Queen Regent
239:
67:
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ten years. In 1831, he was dispatched to France in a fruitless attempt to negotiate a commercial treaty.
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1535:
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1032:
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is frozen by insult, calumny and rebellion". In London there was consternation over Irish agitation for
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government formed in 1868. He died surrounded by the boxes and papers of his office on 27 June 1870.
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843:
798:
36:
1157:
1099:
961:'s Conservative administration (1841–1846) Lord Clarendon took a strong interest in the triumph of
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1153:
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of Egypt from Syria but did not resign as it might break up a cabinet he had so recently joined.
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17:
744:(12 January 1800 – 27 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the
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1974:
1939:
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1176:
1106:
899:
194:
182:
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2351:
2301:
2224:
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1606:
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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818:
1144:
When the Crimean War ended in 1856 Lord Clarendon was first British plenipotentiary at the
1125:, which had been formed the previous December. The country was already "drifting" into the
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On 4 June 1839, Villiers married the widowed Lady Katherine Foster-Barham (a daughter of
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2824:
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2409:
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2004:
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had not believed that France and Britain could cooperate successfully against Russia.
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1102:(retaining also the Grand Cross of the Bath by special order) on 23 March 1849.
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3059:
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1028:
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2346:
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677:
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David Steele. "Villiers, George William Frederick, fourth earl of Clarendon"
1498:
1467:
3174:
3054:
3019:
2999:
2404:
1337:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 434–435.
1161:
1017:
966:
851:
1039:. At the same time, he continued to plead what he saw as Ireland's case.
3169:
973:
had been one of the earliest champions. Clarendon accepted the office of
1482:
1451:
1612:
1122:
1580:
The Life and letters of George William Frederick 4. Earl of Clarendon
1042:
In the hope of garnering greater English sympathy, in 1849 he hosted
839:
817:
In the same year, he was appointed attaché to the British embassy at
710:
Quartered arms of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, KG, GCB, PC
1426:"Villiers, George William Frederick | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
834:
On 16 August 1833, he was appointed minister at the Court of Spain.
1088:
944:
705:
1550:. Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 347–350.
2466:
1881:
1483:"Laissez-faire, the Irish famine, and British financial crisis"
1452:"Allegiance and Illusion: Queen Victoria's Irish Visit of 1849"
1395:"The other Villiers in Ireland: famine, internment, rebellion"
1148:
convened to negotiate a peace treaty, the first time since
748:. Following diplomatic postings, he served a succession of
1175:
When Lord Palmerston formed a Liberal government in 1859,
1137:, whom he had known in Spain from her childhood. The Tsar
1329:
Clarendon, George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of
1603:
Works by or about George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
715:
George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
894:
Succession to the Earldom, Offices of State in Britain
1618:
contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Clarendon
809:
under the statutes of the university then in force.
2390:
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1922:
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676:
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143:
131:
115:
105:
87:
34:
3280:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
3265:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
866:, broke out into civil war in Spain, and by the
1277:"Villers, George William Frederick (VLRS816GW)"
1053:He attempted a policy of conciliation with the
992:In 1847, Clarendon was persuaded to accept the
2478:
1893:
1513:"Emily Theresa (née Villiers), Lady Ampthill"
1215:Lady Constance Villiers (1840–1922), married
1031:in large parts of the country and persuading
8:
3250:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
850:, the late King's brother, by virtue of the
101:21 February 1853 – 26 February 1858
1224:Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of Lathom
3305:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Spain
2485:
2471:
2463:
1900:
1886:
1878:
1622:
1537:"Villiers, George William Frederick"
1369:. London: Penguin. pp. 374, 380–381.
1199:George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon by
66:
31:
27:British diplomat and statesman (1800–1870)
1916:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom
1222:Lady Alice Villiers (1841–1897), married
1065:, he dismissed the magistrate concerned,
536:15 January 1840 – 30 August 1841
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1194:
969:, a policy of which his younger brother
879:which eventually undermined her regime.
788:Villiers was born in London, the son of
764:and, on the first of three occasions as
1268:
1164:and that the Russian attempt to retain
1093:Signed Clarendon Military Passport 1857
929:that autumn he also held the office of
797:and Theresa Parker. He was educated at
340:7 April 1864 – 3 November 1865
283:31 October 1840 – 23 June 1841
219:9 December 1868 – 27 June 1870
3235:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
1923:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
1243:Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon
838:died within a month of his arrival at
162:3 November 1865 – 6 July 1866
89:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
3285:Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
2439:Category:British Secretaries of State
1570:British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916
1217:Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby
1105:In January 1853, Clarendon succeeded
1061:for the death of 20 Catholics in the
7:
2393:Commonwealth and Development Affairs
1768:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1668:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1419:
1417:
1415:
1388:
1386:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1181:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
931:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
271:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
3255:Liberal Party (UK) hereditary peers
1367:The Great Hunger, Ireland 1845-1849
1251:Lady Florence Margaret (1850–1851).
1239:Edward Hyde, Lord Hyde (1845–1846).
1209:James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam
1018:violence directed against landlords
909:James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam
472:6 July 1846 – 22 July 1847
408:22 May 1847 – 1 March 1852
3230:Earls of Clarendon (1776 creation)
1651:The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
1170:Declaration of the Maritime Powers
756:administrations. This included as
571:The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
25:
1517:National Portrait Gallery, London
18:George William Frederick Villiers
3300:Presidents of the Board of Trade
3198:
2494:Presidents of the Board of Trade
2445:
2434:
2433:
2268:
1909:
1556:Dictionary of National Biography
1547:Dictionary of National Biography
1311:
1055:Roman Catholic Church in Ireland
692:
2391:Secretary of State for Foreign,
1687:President of the Board of Trade
1234:Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill
1211:) and they had eight children:
975:President of the Board of Trade
938:'s expulsion of the pro-French
772:'s chief representative at the
646:
460:President of the Board of Trade
2278:Secretary of State for Foreign
1534:Hamilton, John Andrew (1899).
1022:rising by the Young Irelanders
981:first administration in 1846.
907:Grimston), eldest daughter of
1:
1578:Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell:
1365:Woodham-Smith, Cecil (1991).
524:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
73:
1071:Party Processions Act (1850)
803:St John's College, Cambridge
683:St John's College, Cambridge
3270:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
1588:George Villiers Clarendon:
1487:The Economic History Review
1281:A Cambridge Alumni Database
994:Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland
914:In January 1840 he entered
900:the Grand Cross of the Bath
72:The 4th Earl of Clarendon,
3321:
1714:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
1424:Hourican, Bridget (2009).
1283:. University of Cambridge.
1069:, and helped bring in the
1014:repeal of the Act of Union
985:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
396:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
3196:
2500:
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1866:
1853:
1845:
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1801:
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1711:
1703:
1693:
1684:
1674:
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1657:
1647:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1117:'s coalition ministry of
965:and in the repeal of the
864:French Revolution of 1830
700:
576:
529:
505:The Marquess of Dalhousie
465:
401:
333:
276:
212:
155:
94:
83:
65:
2280:and Commonwealth Affairs
1840:Peerage of Great Britain
1582:. London: Arnold, 1913.
1450:Loughlin, James (2002).
925:, and from the death of
823:Encyclopaedia Britannica
784:Background and education
3295:Politicians from London
1707:The Earl of Bessborough
1334:Encyclopædia Britannica
971:Charles Pelham Villiers
842:, and the infant Queen
762:famine-stricken Ireland
636:Lady Katherine Grimston
559:The Earl of Bessborough
441:The Earl of Bessborough
361:The Viscount Palmerston
240:William Ewart Gladstone
126:The Viscount Palmerston
1778:George Joachim Goschen
1751:The Earl of Malmesbury
1564:10.1093/ref:odnb/28297
1481:Read, Charles (2016).
1393:Garbutt, Nick (2015).
1204:
1094:
954:
711:
547:The Viscount Melbourne
304:The Viscount Melbourne
150:The Earl of Malmesbury
3245:Knights of St Patrick
3240:Knights of the Garter
2451:Portal:United Kingdom
1256:Francis Hyde Villiers
1232:(1843–1927), married
1198:
1152:'s attendance at the
1092:
1006:Sir Charles Trevelyan
948:
709:
41:The Earl of Clarendon
1724:The Earl of Eglinton
1100:Knight of the Garter
1079:Member of Parliament
453:The Earl of Eglinton
122:The Earl of Aberdeen
37:The Right Honourable
2780:Parkinson-Fortescue
1572:(1927) pp 220–255.
1349:accessed 1 Aug 2014
1063:Dolly's Brae affray
979:Lord John Russell's
1832:The Earl Granville
1634:Viscount Duncannon
1626:Political offices
1230:Lady Emily Theresa
1205:
1154:Congress of Vienna
1095:
1020:and the attempted
955:
921:administration as
898:Villiers received
712:
264:The Earl Granville
3207:
3206:
2460:
2459:
1876:
1875:
1867:Succeeded by
1856:Earl of Clarendon
1829:Succeeded by
1822:Foreign Secretary
1802:Succeeded by
1795:Foreign Secretary
1775:Succeeded by
1748:Succeeded by
1741:Foreign Secretary
1734:Lord John Russell
1721:Succeeded by
1694:Succeeded by
1675:Succeeded by
1648:Succeeded by
1568:Cecil, Algernon.
1177:Lord John Russell
1158:Piedmont-Sardinia
1146:Congress of Paris
1111:Foreign Secretary
1107:Lord John Russell
1085:Foreign Secretary
830:Minister in Spain
799:Christ's Hospital
774:Congress of Paris
766:Foreign Secretary
704:
703:
493:Lord John Russell
429:Lord John Russell
138:Lord John Russell
16:(Redirected from
3312:
3275:Lords Privy Seal
3260:Diplomatic peers
3202:
2675:Vesey-Fitzgerald
2487:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2449:
2437:
2436:
2272:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1846:Preceded by
1812:Preceded by
1788:The Earl Russell
1785:Preceded by
1758:Preceded by
1731:Preceded by
1704:Preceded by
1697:Henry Labouchere
1661:The Lord Holland
1658:Preceded by
1631:Preceded by
1623:
1607:Internet Archive
1551:
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1521:
1520:
1509:
1503:
1502:
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1471:
1462:(288): 491–513.
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1314:
1308:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1201:Carlo Pellegrini
1166:South Bessarabia
1150:Lord Castlereagh
916:Lord Melbourne's
868:Quadruple Treaty
856:House of Bourbon
819:Saint Petersburg
796:
776:which ended the
743:
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696:
650:
648:
613:
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596:
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581:Personal details
567:
555:
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517:Henry Labouchere
513:
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2595:Hillsborough
2585:Hillsborough
2444:
2432:
2292:Douglas-Home
2235:Douglas-Home
2084:
2074:
2059:
1861:2nd creation
1860:
1854:
1820:
1815:Lord Stanley
1805:Lord Stanley
1793:
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1433:. Retrieved
1429:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1366:
1343:
1332:
1280:
1271:
1245:(1846–1914).
1206:
1174:
1143:
1131:Napoleon III
1104:
1096:
1059:Orange Order
1052:
1041:
1026:
1010:
998:Great Famine
991:
988:
956:
940:Mohammed Ali
927:Lord Holland
913:
904:
897:
883:
881:
833:
822:
816:
787:
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713:
606:27 June 1870
566:Succeeded by
531:
512:Succeeded by
467:
448:Succeeded by
403:
384:Succeeded by
335:
323:Succeeded by
278:
259:Succeeded by
252:Lord Stanley
214:
207:Lord Stanley
202:Succeeded by
157:
145:Succeeded by
96:
77: 1860s
29:
3225:1870 deaths
3220:1800 births
2820:Hicks Beach
2795:Chamberlain
2755:Donoughmore
2510:Bridgewater
2505:Shaftesbury
2170:Chamberlain
2000:Castlereagh
1616:1803–2005:
1542:Lee, Sidney
1185:Gladstone's
1127:Crimean War
1035:to suspend
1033:Westminster
1029:martial law
959:Robert Peel
957:During Sir
951:Lord Cowley
778:Crimean War
554:Preceded by
500:Preceded by
436:Preceded by
372:Preceded by
311:Preceded by
247:Preceded by
190:Preceded by
133:Preceded by
3214:Categories
2730:Labouchere
2705:Labouchere
2555:FitzWalter
2550:Holderness
2530:Winchilsea
2312:Carrington
2120:Iddesleigh
2065:Malmesbury
2050:Malmesbury
2040:Palmerston
2030:Palmerston
2025:Wellington
2020:Palmerston
1960:Hawkesbury
1864:1838–1870
1826:1868–1870
1799:1865–1866
1772:1864–1865
1745:1853–1858
1718:1847–1852
1691:1846–1847
1672:1840–1841
1645:1840–1841
1430:www.dib.ie
1399:Scope (NI)
1139:Nicholas I
1133:, and the
1075:Isaac Butt
1067:Lord Roden
963:free trade
848:Don Carlos
678:Alma mater
610:1870-06-28
593:1800-01-12
3180:Trevelyan
3150:Mandelson
3120:Mandelson
3105:Heseltine
3070:Parkinson
3065:Cockfield
2960:Shawcross
2945:Lyttelton
2935:Llewellin
2925:Lyttelton
2855:Churchill
2845:Salisbury
2765:Northcote
2725:Clarendon
2720:Dalhousie
2715:Gladstone
2665:Huskisson
2655:Clancarty
2635:Liverpool
2615:Sackville
2610:Dartmouth
2590:Dartmouth
2580:Shelburne
2575:Townshend
2297:Callaghan
2225:Macmillan
2175:Henderson
2165:MacDonald
2145:Lansdowne
2140:Salisbury
2135:Kimberley
2125:Salisbury
2110:Salisbury
2105:Granville
2100:Salisbury
2090:Granville
2085:Clarendon
2075:Clarendon
2060:Clarendon
2045:Granville
1995:Wellesley
1955:Grenville
1499:0013-0117
1468:0018-2648
1162:Black Sea
967:Corn Laws
876:Espartero
860:Christina
852:Salic law
807:MA degree
768:, as the
689:Signature
665:Parent(s)
532:In office
468:In office
404:In office
336:In office
279:In office
215:In office
158:In office
97:In office
3190:Reynolds
3185:Badenoch
2995:Crosland
2975:Maulding
2910:Runciman
2870:Runciman
2825:Mundella
2810:Mundella
2805:Stanhope
2800:Richmond
2785:Adderley
2770:Richmond
2740:Cardwell
2685:Auckland
2660:Robinson
2650:Bathurst
2645:Auckland
2640:Montrose
2625:Grantham
2620:Carlisle
2540:Berkeley
2535:Guilford
2525:Stamford
2520:Weymouth
2515:Stamford
2410:Cleverly
2357:Miliband
2302:Crosland
2215:Morrison
2130:Rosebery
2115:Rosebery
2035:Aberdeen
2015:Aberdeen
1990:Bathurst
1970:Mulgrave
1965:Harrowby
1935:Grantham
1123:Peelites
1002:Treasury
844:Isabella
657:Children
481:Victoria
349:Victoria
292:Victoria
228:Victoria
171:Victoria
110:Victoria
3140:Darling
3135:Johnson
3115:Beckett
3085:Channon
3080:Brittan
2915:Stanley
2890:Baldwin
2875:Stanley
2840:Balfour
2835:Ritchie
2815:Stanley
2745:Stanley
2700:Thomson
2690:Thomson
2680:Herries
2565:Halifax
2545:Suffolk
2415:Cameron
2372:Johnson
2367:Hammond
2352:Beckett
2337:Rifkind
2287:Stewart
2260:Stewart
2250:Stewart
2200:Halifax
2180:Reading
2155:Balfour
2080:Stanley
2070:Russell
2055:Russell
2005:Canning
1985:Canning
1613:Hansard
1605:at the
1558:(2009)
1544:(ed.).
1456:History
1435:2 April
1404:2 April
1322::
872:Liberal
854:of the
758:Viceroy
754:Liberal
651:
643:
639:
625:Liberal
608: (
591: (
477:Monarch
413:Monarch
345:Monarch
288:Monarch
224:Monarch
167:Monarch
106:Monarch
3145:Hutton
3130:Hewitt
3100:Lilley
3095:Ridley
3075:Tebbit
3060:Biffen
3035:Jenkin
3030:Joseph
3025:Varley
3015:Walker
3010:Davies
2980:Erroll
2970:Eccles
2955:Wilson
2950:Cripps
2940:Dalton
2930:Duncan
2920:Duncan
2900:Graham
2880:Geddes
2860:Buxton
2790:Sandon
2775:Bright
2760:Gibson
2750:Henley
2735:Henley
2695:Baring
2630:Sydney
2600:Nugent
2570:Sandys
2560:Monson
2240:Butler
2160:Curzon
2010:Dudley
1980:Howick
1945:Temple
1584:online
1574:online
1497:
1466:
1373:
1316:
1203:, 1869
1191:Family
953:(left)
840:Madrid
813:Career
631:Spouse
3175:Truss
3165:Clark
3160:Javid
3155:Cable
3125:Byers
3090:Young
3050:Smith
3040:Shore
3005:Noble
3000:Mason
2985:Heath
2885:Horne
2865:Burns
2830:Bryce
2710:Ripon
2670:Grant
2420:Lammy
2405:Truss
2362:Hague
2347:Straw
2327:Major
2255:Brown
2230:Lloyd
2210:Bevin
2190:Hoare
2185:Simon
2095:Derby
1950:Leeds
1540:. In
1263:Notes
1254:Hon.
1119:Whigs
884:Times
739:
737:,
732:
730:,
725:
723:,
645:(
641:
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3110:Lang
3055:Nott
3045:Dell
3020:Benn
2400:Raab
2382:Raab
2377:Hunt
2342:Cook
2332:Hurd
2322:Howe
2307:Owen
2220:Eden
2205:Eden
2195:Eden
2150:Grey
1495:ISSN
1464:ISSN
1437:2024
1406:2024
1371:ISBN
1121:and
919:Whig
801:and
780:.
752:and
750:Whig
603:Died
586:Born
3170:Fox
2990:Jay
2317:Pym
1975:Fox
1940:Fox
1930:Fox
1560:doi
1331:".
1113:in
1109:as
1024:.
1008:.
977:in
905:née
760:in
734:GCB
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3216::
1515:.
1491:69
1489:.
1485:.
1460:87
1458:.
1454:.
1428:.
1414:^
1397:.
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1355:^
1289:^
1279:.
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1004:,
911:.
794:MP
741:PC
727:KP
720:KG
717:,
647:m.
74:c.
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2472:v
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1887:v
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1501:.
1470:.
1439:.
1408:.
1379:.
1236:.
1226:.
1219:.
903:(
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612:)
595:)
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