1114:: At the International Congress of Physical Education recently held at Paris the increase of public concern for the welfare and efficiency of the rising generation was made manifest to a striking degree. The most interesting among the various demonstrations of what has been done to further physical education in France, Sweden, Belgium, and elsewhere seems to have been that given by the pupils, apprentices, and riflemen of the French Navy. This demonstration consisted of exercises given under the supervision of Lieut. HEBERT, which were exact counterparts of the daily exercises followed in a large number of naval schools where the Hébert, or "natural," method of physical education is practiced... Their appearance produced a profound impression. Their chests were broad, their color was healthy, their muscles were hard. They marched with a well-disciplined and firm bearing. They went first erect and stiffly, then supple and relaxed, next half bending, and finally on all fours. They also climbed ropes, lifted weights proportioned to their strength, and, without pausing in their exercises, practiced different kinds of breathing as a means of rest.
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856:," and "Athletic Explorations" by John-Edouard Ehlinger. Hébert stated that his method was based on observation and experiment and that therefore it could be perfected over time. Hébert expected that how well a person could perform a movement would improve as a result of an increased training volume (doing more of that activity) and consequently technical instruction was made secondary. But in light of current training methods, "the process of learning and improvement must be based on optimum technique right from the start." As one effort in building on Hébert's work, in the first decade of the 21st century, the French American physical education instructor
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result of "rigorous, long years of observations from four work sessions per week... multiple measurements, individual sheets to note progress of each and of a statistical treatment which... birth to the first serious rating table to assess the progress made." In 1912, a committee had been set up to found a national physical education training center. Following the demonstration of Hébert's students at the Paris sports conference, in April 1913 the committee appointed Hébert as director of the newly formed training center which was called
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manual tasks or starting new ones such as sewing, cooking, etc. 11:30-12:15 Rest, except for the girls in charge of designated tasks. 12:15-14:15 Lunch and rest. 14:15-16:00 Classes on topics related to physical education, hygiene, art, ancient history, etc. 16:00-16:30 Variety of games or in particular throwing games. 16:30-16:45 Afternoon tea. 16:45-18:00 Rhythmic dances and songs. 18:00-19:30 Rest. 19:30 Dinner. 20:30 Meeting in the hall. Reading. Parlour games. Once or twice a week: outdoor explorations.
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something else." Hébert said that "it is the philosophy that must emerge from this natural method to encourage the individual to put at the service of others what he can derive from his physical and virile training. This therefore goes far beyond the framework of a physical culture to become a true education, an essential linking of the physical and the moral."
129:. Hébert's father was a breeder of horses for transportation vehicles in Paris, and through his father's interest in horses, Georges Hébert enjoyed attending equestrian performances in circuses when he was a child. The development of motorized vehicles ended his father's business, and his father subsequently moved to
360:(École du Bataillon de Lorient), with a turnover of half the population of soldiers every six months, and in 1908 he also tested his method with 800 adolescents from 14 to 17 years old at a school, and then with about twenty instructors and fifty girls in 1913 at the "College d'athlètes" (his new training facility).
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The final goal of physical education is to make strong beings. In the purely physical sense, the
Natural Method promotes the qualities of organic resistance, muscularity and speed, towards being able to walk, run, jump, move on all fours, to climb, to keep balance, to throw, lift, defend yourself and
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de
Polignac (1880-1950) and was built inside the Pommery park (later renamed as "Parc de Champagne") which he had previously opened in 1910. It took six months to construct the training facility, which included an oval running track, an indoor gymnasium measuring 40 meters by 20 meters and an outdoor
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In March 1913 a large government-sponsored physical education conference was held in Paris. The conference was called "Congrès international de l'éducation physique" (the "International
Congress of Physical Education"). The sport exhibition also included contemporary art, including the sculptures of
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A training session consists, then, of exercises in an outdoor environment, perhaps a few hundred meters to several kilometers, during which, one walks, one runs, one jumps, one progresses quadrupedally, one climbs, one walks in unstable balance, one raises and one carries, one throws, one fights and
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Hébert's full "holistic" teaching approach consisted of six modules: (1) intensive use of the
Natural Method (NM) physical exercises, (2) daily manual crafts, (3) mental and moral culture ("psychic gymnastics"), (4) intellectual culture (e.g. history of philosophy and sciences), (5) esthetic culture
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07:00 Wake-up call, getting washed and dressed, cleaning the rooms. 07:50 Roundup. A quick, short run through the forest. 08:15 Breakfast. 08:30-09:15 Roundup. Small housekeeping and gardening tasks. 09:15-10:00 Complete physical training class. 10:00-10:15 Break. 10:15-11:30 Completion of earlier
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The true
Natural Method, in its broadest sense, must be considered as the result of these three particular forces; it is a physical, virile and moral synthesis. It resides not only in the muscles and the breath, but above all in the "energy" which is used, the will which directs it and the feeling
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There were gymnastic demonstrations from many nations around the world, and there was an outdoor demonstration by 350 males, aged from seven to twenty-two, who were trained in the method of Hébert. The performance of those trained by Hébert received public acclaim. His training method had been the
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In an interview a few months before Hébert's death, he explained the difference between Hébertism and the "Natural Method." He said that "the natural method is not
Hebertism and it should not be called so." He pointed out that the "natural method" is "as old as the world," and that "Hebertism is
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The ten families of movement were ideally to be performed in the following conditions: "the movements should be continuous, at a rapid and sustained pace and progressing over rugged terrain in a natural environment." The exercises were to be performed in "near nudity" (bare torso and legs) which
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There are still schools and gymnasia throughout Europe and elsewhere that are promoting the
Natural Method of physical training, some maintaining their own elaborate "parcours" in natural surroundings, such as the Belgian Federation of Methode Naturelle (Fédération Belge d’Hébertisme) known as
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but also the physical inactivity imposed upon women by contemporary
European society. By following the natural method of synthesized physical, energetic and moral development, he wrote, women could develop self-confidence, willpower and athletic ability just as well as their male counterparts.
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had already left port to head for St. Pierre, so he boarded another ship in order to reach St. Pierre to help survivors. Hébert helped coordinate the escape and rescue of some seven hundred people from this disaster. This experience had a profound effect on him, and reinforced his belief that
698:, on the coast in northern France, where Yvonne became a director. It is at the "Palestra" where "Hébertism" came to fruition. The schedule of daily activities provides an example of how Hébertism was carried out on a practical level. (The word "palestra" is derived from the Latin word for
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who developed a system of physical education and training known as "la méthode naturelle" ("Natural Method") and a more wide training program known as
Hebertism (built on his name). Hébert combined the training of a variety of physical capacities with the training of courage and ethics.
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One researcher into the life and work of Hébert described him as being a "singular personality...at once brilliant, inventive, pugnacious, intransigent and dogmatic." Hébert called for "empiricism against scientism, syntheticism against analyticism, utilitarianism against
Olympism."
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Hébert's reform of physical education consisted of replacing the gymnastic methods (movements which were more static and repetitive) which were in vogue with "natural" or "utilitarian" activities. From 1904 to 1912, Hébert "test-piloted" his training system on one thousand
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Cultivation the qualities of action – i.e., courage, willpower, cool headedness, firmness – by the execution of difficult exercises for example while seeking to control the fear of falling, of jumping, of rising, of plunging, of walking on an unstable surface,
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and confidence courses. In fact, woodland challenge courses comprising balance beams, ladders, rope swings and so-on are often still described as "Hébertism" or "Hébertisme" courses both in Europe and in North America. It may even be possible to trace modern
160:) in 1893 and completed the Naval School in 1896, and then he "navigated the seas" to the countries in South America, the West Indies and North America until 1903. His ranking at completion of the Naval School was sixtieth out of seventy-two graduates.
798:("Sport versus Physical Education"). Hébert denounced the harms of modern sport due to its promoting specialization of movement, its "showmanship," and money (instead of altruism). At this time he broke with the modern Olympic movement founder
895:("Athletes' College") was a physical education training center opened in the city of Reims, in north-east France, in 1913. The center operated according to the principles of Georges Hébert. The training center was destroyed during World War I.
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by the French government in recognition of his many services to his country. In 1953, Hébert had a stroke which affected his speech, but he relearned how to walk, speak and write. He died from a heart attack on August 2, 1957, at age 82 in
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In the mid-1930s he gradually withdrew himself from a wider involvement in society and in 1938 he broke with the so-called Hebertist movement (as exemplified by the "Groupement hébertiste") rather than be tied to a specific organization.
663:. He was shot in the left arm which left his arm severely disabled During World War 1 his training center, "Collège d'athlètes," was destroyed during frontline fighting and most of his "natural method" coaches had been killed in battle.
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L’Entraînement physique complet par la méthode naturelle. Guide abrégé du moniteur chargé de l'entraînement dans les écoles, les sociétés de sport et de gymnastique, et en général dans les groupements de toutes sortes d'enfants ou
794:. His view was that sport is "corrupted, not educational and immoral because of issues such as professionalization of sport, merchandising" and "unnecessary public exposure...of the athletes." In 1925, he published a book entitled
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A (Natural Method) session is composed of exercises belonging to the ten fundamental groups: walking, running, jumping, quadrupedal movement, climbing, equilibrium (balancing), throwing, lifting, defending and swimming.
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Hébertism as known today is the fruit of a lifetime's work. There are significant differences between Hébert's early books and the later volumes. His later ideas best represent the complete evolution of his thought.
1023:("Complete physical training by the natural method. Abridged guide for the instructor in charge of training in schools, sports and gymnastic societies, and in general in groups of all kinds of children or adults").
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As a sidelight, as an "accomplished gymnast," in 1904 Hébert performed in an acrobatic act on a fixed bar at the amateur circus of Ernest Molier (1844-1933), known as the "Cirque Molier."
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improved physical endurance by being exposed to the elements and it also allowed for the trainer to more easily see how a movement was being performed in order to correct it.
706:. Then in 1929 Hébert also created a "Women's Nautical School" or "marine palestra" aboard a ship. This training was intended for boys under age 14 and for girls of any age.
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702:) The training center on the northern coast of France was open only for six months a year during the summer. In 1923 Hébert thus created a winter "palestra" in the southern
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took inspiration from Hébert's "méthode naturelle" ("natural method") and has expanded on the training to form a system of natural movement which he has named "MovNat".
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Hébert's "Practical Guide to Physical Education," 2nd edition. 1912. English translation by Pilou and Gregg. (The 1st edition had originally been published in 1910.)
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Hébert witnessed another example of this physical competence when he saw that French farmworkers could "outrun and outlive athletes" during the First World War.
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Georges and Yvonne Hébert had two children: Jeanne and Régis. Yvonne Hébert died in 1975. Régis Hébert died in 2017. The eldest son of Régis is Jacques Hébert.
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In addition to his observations of the natural movements of indigenous people, Hébert's method synthesized various influences, including but not limited to:
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880:, the French mid-distance Olympic runner, who died at age 25 while fighting in the French army during the opening weeks of World War I, in the year 1914.
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Georges Hébert's teaching continued to expand between and during the two World Wars, becoming the standard system of French military physical education.
171:"Their bodies were splendid, flexible, nimble, skillful, enduring, resistant and yet they had no other tutor in gymnastics but their lives in nature."
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Twilight of the Belle Epoque: The Paris of Picasso, Stravinsky, Proust, Renault, Marie Curie, Gertrude Stein, and Their Friends through the Great War
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52-page pamphlet with extensive illustrations about how to set up an example of an obstacle course according to the principles of the Natural Method
802:. Hébert was not against using sport in physical education, but he felt that any conceited or selfish behavior arising from it should be contained.
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603:(e.g. the arts, "Atlantean studies" , dance, rhythmic movement ), and (6) naturist modalities such as nutrition, hydrotherapy, and heliotherapy.
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284:("New Complete Manual of Physical Education for Gymnastics and Morals"), which already encompassed a full range of practical movement skills.
2345:(Title in English: "The origins of the 'natural method': Georges Hébert and the teaching of physical education in the French Navy" from the
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1460:"Le collège d'athlètes de Reims : institution pionnière et foyer de diffusion de la " méthode naturelle " en France et à l'étranger"
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from Mount Pelée. At the time of the major volcanic eruption, Hébert was on shore leave about 30 kilometers away. His own ship the
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where his family owned a bookshop. Adventure literature and access to travel spurred on Hébert's interest in a career in the navy.
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1200:"Aux origines de la "méthode naturelle" : Georges Hébert et l'enseignement de l'éducation physique dans la Marine française"
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on which Hébert was stationed. The "Suchet" helped rescue victims of the volcanic eruption at the Caribbean island of Martinique.
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In the "virile" or energetic sense, the system consists in having sufficient energy, willpower, courage, coolness, and firmness.
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Aux origines de la “méthode naturelle” : Georges Hébert et l’enseignement de l’éducation physique dans la Marine française
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In the moral sense, education, by elevating the emotions, directs or maintains the moral drive in a useful and beneficial way.
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All of the exercises can be carried out while progressing through this environment. A session can last from 20 to 60 minutes.
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During his extensive travels, Hébert was impressed by the physical development and movement skills of indigenous peoples in
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Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2017). "Georges Hébert : un pionnier de l'écologie corporelle ?". Corps. pp. 57–65.
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Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2017). "Georges Hébert : un pionnier de l'écologie corporelle ?". Corps. pp. 57–65.
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239:. He eventually developed this ethos into his personal motto, "Être fort pour être utile" ("Be strong to be helpful").
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Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2015). "Vocabulaire International de Philosophie du Sport coll. "Mouvements des savoirs"".
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In 1918 Hébert founded the "Palestra" which was a physical education training center for women and children near
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The original French version of the 2nd edition of the "Practical Guide to Physical Education" by Georges Hébert
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1015:("Physical Education or Complete Training by the Natural Method"). Published in Librairie Vuibert Paris, 85 pp.
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The natural method : functional exercises : Georges Hébert's practical guide to physical education
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The year 1955 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Natural Method, and Hébert was named Commander of the
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Physical training: Heart, lungs and muscles, but also speed, dexterity, endurance, resistance, and balance.
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1635:"Georges Hébert quoted by Marcel Defarges in the "revue l'éducation physique 2e trimester" (1958, p.55)"
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Website for "Méthode Naturelle"(MN) group in Germany; the website is in English, German, and Russian
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Delaplace, Jean-Michel (2000). "Georges Hébert : la méthode naturelle et l'école (1905-1957)".
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Remaking the Male Body: Masculinity and the Uses of Physical Culture in Interwar and Vichy France
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can be found in the first seven chapters of Volume 1 of "La Méthode Naturelle" (Full book title:
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Complete freedom of motion even in group work – avoiding collective or synchronized movements
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La Catastrophe: The Eruption of Mount Pelee, the Worst Volcanic Disaster of the 20th Century
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911:. The swimming pool, located to the side of the large indoor training facility (gymnasium).
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and Hébert, visible in the foreground. (The image is double because it was originally a
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Most recently, Hébert's teachings have been an important influence on the emergence of
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Taking advantage of open air and sun, obtaining the hardening benefits of the elements.
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the natural or spontaneous way; i.e., on an unspecified route through the countryside.
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17-minute video from 1955: French film on the 50th anniversary of the Natural Method
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2304:("Georges Hébert and virile and moral physical education by the natural method").
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Cultivation of altruistic behaviour – i.e., altruism, collective work, mutual aid.
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2-minute video from 2020 (in French with English subtitles): "What is Hebertism?"
1964:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
1755:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
1732:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
1604:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
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He was also an early advocate of the benefits of exercise for women. In his work
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Individualization of efforts – i.e. adaptating the difficulty to each one's level
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Georges Hébert et l’éducation physique virile et morale par la méthode naturelle
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Nationhood and Nationalism in France: From Boulangism to the Great War 1889-1918
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The "Palestra," which was Hébert's training center for women and children, near
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Hébert was wounded in November, 1914 when he went into combat with a company of
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291:(1778–1852), which was also an influence on the early physical training of the
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1898:"Les héritiers de Georges Hébert--Sport'nat Belgique" (sportnat.be 2019/01/09)
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848:) as a training discipline in its own right, as well as being an influence on
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In 1924 Hébert married Yvonne Moreau. She was a former gymnastics student of
367:"Collège d'athlètes" ("Athletes' College" physical education training center)
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724:, which appeared in 1921, Hébert criticized not only the fashion of wearing
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The Natural Method: Georges Hébert's Practical Guide to Physical Education
1037:("Virile and Moral Physical Education by the Natural Method.") 5 volumes.
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The training center was officially inaugurated by the President of France
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Rescue efforts following the volcanic eruption on the island of Martinique
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Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance
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Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance
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19:"Hébertisme" redirects here. Not to be confused with the ideology of the
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Georges Hébert (author); Philippe Til (translator into English) (2014).
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Volume 2: Technique of Exercises. Technology. Walking. Running. Jumping.
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In 1913 she became "Chief Instructor" at Hébert's "Collège d'athlètes."
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When he was 27 years old, as an officer in the French Navy prior to the
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1681:. Taranaki Daily News, Volume LVII, Issue 214, 17 February 1915, page 2
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L'éducation physique ou l'entrainement complet par la méthode naturelle
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Breaking the Jump: The Secret Story of Parkour's High-flying Rebellion
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For Health And Beauty: Physical Culture for Frenchwomen, 1880's-1930's
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3-minute video from 1954: example of a Natural Method obstacle course
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who emphasized the progressivity and the scalability of the training.
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Georges Hébert (1875-1957): A naturalist's invention of body ecology
1966:. Educação em Revista, vol. 35, e218164, 2019; Pierre Philippe-Meden
1734:. Educação em Revista, vol. 35, e218164, 2019; Pierre Philippe-Meden
1606:. Educação em Revista, vol. 35, e218164, 2019; Pierre Philippe-Meden
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in 1875, which in historic terms was five years after the traumatic
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1819:. Educ. rev. vol.35 Belo Horizonte jan./dez 2019 Epub 21-Ago-2019.
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The Surgeon and the Shepherd: Two Resistance Heroes in Vichy France
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Working with flexibility, relaxing inactive muscles—relax your mind
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Nouveau Manuel Complet d'Education Physique, Gymnastique et Morale
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Georges Hébert (website in French; contains links to photographs)
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Article with history and photographs of Hébert's "Natural Method"
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Natural Training (Official website of Georges Hébert association)
1030:("Women's Physical Education. Muscle and 'Structure' of Beauty").
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Selected publications; the publications listed are all in French
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Initial warmup before training and final cool-down after training
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1496:"A historic and heritage sports park Parc de Champagne (Reims)"
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Mental training: energy, willpower, courage, coolness, firmness
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L'éducation physique virile et morale par la méthode naturelle
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L'éducation physique virile et morale par la méthode naturelle
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Volume 1: Doctrinal Statement and Guiding Principles of Work.
970:"Stretching exercise" in front of the reviewing stand at the
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Progression of the intensity of efforts during the training.
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Alternating opposite efforts: fast/slow, intense/relaxed...
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It can be summarized by the "3–10–15" approach to fitness:
876:. Hébert is standing to the left. The man to the right is
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swimming pool, along with boxing rings and fencing halls.
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The Extinguished Flame: Olympians Killed in The Great War
1806:"Georges Hébert and Women's Physical Education in Brazil"
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L’Éducation physique féminine. Muscle et Beauté plastique
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Cultivation of self-improvement via healthy competition.
268:-- and the photograph was used on the cover of the book.
1926:(in French). INSEP - Musée de la Marine. Archived from
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Differentiating Hebertism and other physical activities
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Ethical behavior: friendship, collective work, altruism
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back to Hébert's original designs in the early 1900s.
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Andrieu, Gilbert (2012). A review article in French:
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Sport, Spirituality, and Religion: New Intersections
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2533:
2526:
2475:
2354:
Dixmude: French Marines in the Great War, 1914-1918
298:The classical representations of the human body in
70:
51:
35:
1062:US Marines & French military training together
759:Thus, Hébert was among the earliest proponents of
309:The "naturist" lifestyle principles of his friend
100:; 27 April 1875 – 2 August 1957) was a pioneering
287:The work of German Prussian gymnastics educator
1112:Quotation from a contemporary newspaper article
939:Oval running track and large indoor gymnasium,
829:, France. His wife Yvonne Hébert died in 1975.
639:Example of the destruction from the war at the
570:
537:Allowing the group to express joy and happiness
1431:Sport and the European Avant-Garde (1900-1945)
152:, from the time of the naval career of Hébert.
148:("school ship") of the French navy, named the
2453:
16:French physical education pioneer (1875–1957)
8:
1753:Philippe-Meden, Pierre (12 September 2019).
744:This course can be carried out in two ways:
2282:This is available as a 15-page PDF-document
1052:Volume 5: Swimming (published posthumously)
156:At age 18 Hébert entered the Naval School (
3076:
2539:
2530:
2460:
2446:
2438:
2181:Le Corre, Erwan (2014); title of article:
1327:"Georges Hébert reproducing the discobole"
1008:("Practical Guide to Physical Education").
790:Hébert publicly condemned sport after the
751:within an especially designed environment.
619:Physical exercises in an undergrowth near
43:
32:
2347:International Journal of Military History
2265:Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2018) Chapter 2:
2183:MovNat, the future of physical education?
1824:
1773:
986:The President of France inaugurating the
375:The Marquis de Polignac with the athlete
331:The founder of the modern olympic games,
125:and with the ferment of the start of the
26:For other people with the same name, see
3290:French military personnel of World War I
1046:Volume 3: Crawling. Climbing. Balancing.
588:
3315:People associated with physical culture
1924:"Georges Hébert - la methode naturelle"
1856:"1919: THE TRAINING OF WOMEN and YOUTH"
1136:
1104:
1049:Volume 4: Lifting. Throwing. Defending.
862:
522:Proper posture and sufficient breathing
302:and by the ideals of the ancient Greek
955:The interior of the gymnasium at the
191:following the 1902 volcanic eruption.
95:
7:
2483:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
2061:"WWII: Hebertism ... without Hébert"
1950:Deviance and Social Control in Sport
1280:Deviance and Social Control in Sport
796:Le sport contre l'éducation physique
2368:Georges Herbert: Sculpteur de corps
2308:2012/1 (N° 19), pp. 93 to 102.
1401:. The New York Times, April 2, 1913
1006:Guide pratique d'éducation physique
531:Correction of individual weaknesses
280:(1770-1848), who published in 1847
262:Guide pratique d'éducation physique
2197:. Outside Online. 16 December 2010
411:(1860-1934) in October, 1913. The
400:("Athletes' College"), located in
235:must be combined with courage and
14:
2271:Body Ecology and Emersive Leisure
1578:Georges Hébert, Georges (1912) .
1498:. champagne-patrimoinemondial.org
504:Continuity of work and exercises.
459:10 families of practical exercise
356:at the French military school in
260:For one of Hébert's early books (
3248:
3247:
1701:"1914-1918: WWI, THE 'PARCOURS'"
979:
963:
948:
932:
916:
900:
885:
865:
320:(1850–1917), a French inventor,
313:(1875–1947), a French physician.
1804:Jubé, Carolina (January 2019).
1254:McDougall, Christopher (2016).
1224:McDougall, Christopher (2016).
528:Cultivation of speed and skill.
379:(standing at the right) at the
222:on Martinique fell victim to a
28:George Herbert (disambiguation)
2366:Jean-Michel Delaplace (2005).
792:Olympic games in Paris in 1924
778:adventure playground equipment
443:3 main components for training
224:catastrophic volcanic eruption
1:
3300:Military personnel from Paris
3285:20th-century French educators
81:Tourgéville, Normandy, France
2560:Edward William Barton-Wright
276:The work of his predecessor
218:On May 8, 1902, the town of
2290:. Oxford University Press.
1908:Steward, Mary Lynn (2000).
1518:"The Champagne Sports Park"
489:defence (wrestling, boxing)
137:Training in the French navy
3336:
2508:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano
2352:Charles Le Goffic (2011).
2083:"1936-1957: HEBERT'S BOOK"
2008:"1936-1957: HEBERT'S BOOK"
1986:"1919: WOMEN AND CHILDREN"
1948:Atkinson, Michael (2008).
1878:"1936-1957: HEBERT'S BOOK"
1768:. www.scielo.br: e218164.
1278:Atkinson, Michael (2008).
1004:(1910; 2nd edition: 1912)
498:15 principles for training
428:Most of the philosophy of
293:United States Marine Corps
211:, he was at the island of
25:
18:
3242:
2195:"The Workout Time Forgot"
722:Muscle and Plastic Beauty
42:
1480:McAuliffe, Mary (2017).
404:, in north-east France.
167:and elsewhere, writing:
3295:Light therapy advocates
2225:McCrery, Nigel (2016).
1826:10.1590/0102-4698218029
1775:10.1590/0102-4698218164
1539:"As a summary: 3/10/15"
1429:Kramer, Andres (2021).
1356:Tumblety, Joan (2012).
1311:Trothen, Tracy (2019).
1144:Burchell, S.C. (1967).
629:stereoscopic photograph
3180:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao
2286:Scarth, Alwyn (2002).
1444:Tombs, Robert (1992).
1063:
907:(1913) Reims, France;
872:(1913) Reims, France;
757:
684:
659:in Belgium during the
648:
632:
598:Expansion of Hébertism
594:
587:
561:
384:
269:
215:in the Caribbean Sea.
204:
192:
173:
153:
3204:Battle of the Systems
3048:Warren Lincoln Travis
2813:Marie Bjelke Petersen
2620:Edith Margaret Garrud
2488:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
2251:Angel, Julie (2016).
1061:
734:
674:
638:
618:
592:
555:
471:quadrupedy (crawling)
374:
300:Graeco-Roman statuary
289:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
259:
198:
187:Ruins of the town of
186:
169:
144:
127:French Third Republic
93:French pronunciation:
3165:Seetharaman Sundaram
3127:Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
3112:Jatindra Charan Guho
3008:Dudley Allen Sargent
2630:George Hackenschmidt
2493:Johann Baptist Krebs
2172:Philippe-Meden 2018.
2028:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1624:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1568:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1559:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1379:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1370:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1301:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1239:Ostrum, Meg (2011).
1189:Philippe-Meden 2018.
713:Legacy and influence
483:lifting and carrying
338:The French sculptor
2665:Jørgen Peter Müller
2239:Angel 2016, p. 222.
2215:Angel 2016, p. 285.
2127:"Centres Sport'nat"
2041:. Methode Naturelle
1813:Educação Em Revista
1762:Educação Em Revista
1721:Angel 2016, p. 221.
1679:"Battle of Dixmude"
1659:. Methode Naturelle
1346:Angel 2016, p. 221.
1292:Angel 2016, p. 221.
923:Aerial view of the
556:Instructors at the
333:Pierre de Coubertin
123:Franco-Prussian War
117:Hébert was born in
3107:Ambika Charan Guha
3023:Genevieve Stebbins
2700:Clara Schlaffhorst
2338:2018-05-09 at the
1064:
988:Collège d'athlètes
972:Collège d'athlètes
957:Collège d'athlètes
941:Collège d'athlètes
925:Collège d'athlètes
909:Collège d'athlètes
893:Collège d'athlètes
874:Collège d'athlètes
685:
649:
641:Collège d'athlètes
633:
595:
562:
558:Collège d'athlètes
415:was funded by the
413:Collège d'athlètes
398:Collège d'athlètes
385:
381:Collège d'athlètes
322:chronophotographer
270:
205:
193:
154:
97:[ʒɔʁʒebɛʁ]
3320:Physical exercise
3305:Outdoor educators
3262:
3261:
3219:Muscular religion
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3066:
3065:
3018:Amos Alonzo Stagg
2953:Bernarr Macfadden
2918:Annette Kellerman
2863:Keene Fitzpatrick
2768:Marguerite Agniel
2747:Emily Diana Watts
2715:Lionel Strongfort
2615:Gustav Frištenský
2590:Launceston Elliot
2580:François Delsarte
1541:. .hebertisme.com
1433:. pp. 25–29.
769:physical training
677:Chronophotography
655:at the Battle of
584:which guides it.
347:Early development
324:, filmmaker, and
316:The influence of
102:physical educator
86:
85:
3327:
3251:
3250:
3224:Yoga as exercise
3077:
3028:Alois P. Swoboda
2938:Diocletian Lewis
2913:George F. Jowett
2858:Carrica Le Favre
2848:Ludwig Durlacher
2838:C. Ward Crampton
2710:Mary Bagot Stack
2645:F. A. Hornibrook
2640:Oscar Heidenstam
2585:Edmond Desbonnet
2540:
2531:
2503:Franz Nachtegall
2498:Pehr Henrik Ling
2469:Physical culture
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2085:. Hebertisme.com
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2063:. Hebertisme.com
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2010:. Hebertisme.com
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1988:. Hebertisme.com
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1880:. Hebertisme.com
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1858:. Hebertisme.com
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1703:. Hebertisme.com
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3062:
2963:William Muldoon
2933:W. R. C. Latson
2853:George Eiferman
2818:William Blaikie
2783:Sanford Bennett
2756:
2610:Bob Fitzsimmons
2565:Zishe Breitbart
2555:William Bankier
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2255:. Arum Press.
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2149:"No Obstacles"
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1912:. p. 158.
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1484:. p. 237.
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897:
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871:
864:
858:Erwan Le Corre
773:fitness trails
753:
752:
749:
714:
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704:French Riviera
668:
665:
612:
609:
599:
596:
571:
568:Hébert wrote:
549:
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318:Georges Demenÿ
314:
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296:
285:
253:
250:
244:
241:
233:athletic skill
180:
177:
138:
135:
114:
111:
89:Georges Hébert
84:
83:
80:
78:(aged 82)
74:August 2, 1957
72:
68:
67:
64:
62:April 27, 1875
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
37:Georges Hébert
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3199:
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3181:
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3170:Shri Yogendra
3168:
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3160:Kuvalayananda
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2968:Ralph Parcaut
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2883:Vince Gironda
2881:
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2843:Jack Delinger
2841:
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2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Drexel Biddle
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Clarence Bass
2776:
2774:
2773:Charles Atlas
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
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2752:Freddie Welsh
2750:
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2742:Ronald Walker
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2605:Eileen Fowler
2603:
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2576:
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2563:
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2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Bert Assirati
2548:
2547:
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2538:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2518:Thomas Topham
2516:
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2370:, Vuibert.
2369:
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2359:
2356:, LEONAUR.
2355:
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2276:
2273:. Routledge.
2272:
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2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2233:
2228:
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2129:. sportnat.be
2128:
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2111:
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2100:
2097:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1952:. p. 61.
1951:
1944:
1941:
1930:on 2006-07-18
1929:
1925:
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1911:
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1589:9781515227779
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1419:Andrieu, 2012
1416:
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1400:
1394:
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1388:Andrieu, 2012
1385:
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1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1343:
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1328:
1322:
1319:
1315:. p. 25.
1314:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1282:. p. 61.
1281:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1243:. p. 42.
1242:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1206:on 2018-05-09
1205:
1201:
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1169:Andrieu, 2012
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1105:
1098:
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1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Fitness trail
1071:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
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1007:
1003:
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1001:
995:
989:
982:
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894:
888:
883:
879:
875:
868:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
837:"Sport'nat."
834:
830:
828:
824:
819:
814:
812:
807:
803:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
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779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
756:
750:
747:
746:
745:
742:
738:
733:
732:Hébert wrote:
730:
727:
723:
718:
712:
710:
707:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
682:
678:
673:
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393:
391:
390:Auguste Rodin
382:
378:
373:
364:
361:
359:
355:
346:
341:
340:Auguste Rodin
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
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210:
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197:
190:
185:
178:
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168:
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161:
159:
151:
147:
146:Training ship
143:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
110:
107:
103:
98:
90:
73:
69:
65:Paris, France
54:
50:
46:
41:
34:
29:
22:
3246:
3137:Monotosh Roy
3117:Guru Hanuman
3087:Manohar Aich
3080:Bodybuilding
3033:Armand Tanny
3003:Tony Sansone
2988:Steve Reeves
2928:Jack LaLanne
2828:Alan Calvert
2695:Arthur Saxon
2690:Eugen Sandow
2634:
2600:Juan Ferrero
2513:Adolf Spiess
2367:
2353:
2346:
2328:15-1233436-7
2319:
2305:
2301:
2287:
2270:
2266:
2252:
2246:Bibliography
2235:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2189:
2182:
2177:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2152:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2121:
2110:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2033:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1958:
1949:
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1918:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1816:
1812:
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1765:
1761:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1629:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1598:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1490:
1481:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1194:
1185:
1174:
1165:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1093:Ropes course
1034:
1033:(1936–1959)
1027:
1019:
1012:
1005:
999:
996:Publications
987:
971:
956:
940:
924:
908:
892:
873:
839:
835:
831:
815:
808:
804:
800:de Coubertin
795:
789:
783:As a former
782:
760:
758:
754:
743:
739:
735:
731:
721:
719:
716:
708:
700:"gymnasium."
693:
686:
650:
640:
605:
601:
572:
567:
563:
557:
438:
433:
429:
427:
412:
406:
397:
394:
386:
380:
362:
350:
342:(1840–1917).
281:
271:
261:
252:Predecessors
246:
217:
206:
174:
170:
162:
158:École navale
155:
116:
88:
87:
76:(1957-08-02)
3280:1957 deaths
3275:1875 births
3132:Chandgi Ram
3102:B. C. Ghosh
3043:John Terpak
3013:Larry Scott
2998:Joe Rollino
2908:Bob Hoffman
2893:John Grimek
2868:Mark Forest
2730:Monte Saldo
2685:Joan Rhodes
2650:Thomas Inch
2595:Tony Emmott
2575:Victor Dane
2476:Antecedents
2343:(in French)
2322:(Volume 1)
1685:18 February
1268:Scarth 2002
1078:Freerunning
854:Freerunning
846:David Belle
823:Tourgéville
761:le parcours
741:one swims.
611:World War I
424:The 3–10–15
311:Paul Carton
131:New Orleans
3269:Categories
3214:Gymnastics
3122:K. V. Iyer
3053:Al Treloar
2993:Leo Robert
2983:Bill Pearl
2973:Kid Parker
2943:Gilman Low
2823:Paul Bragg
2798:Joe Bonomo
2793:Mark Berry
2660:Dan McLeod
2570:Niels Bukh
2306:Inflexions
1934:2007-09-22
1405:3 February
1210:2014-10-24
1132:References
878:Jean Bouin
767:, form of
430:Hébertisme
377:Jean Bouin
266:Discobolus
220:St. Pierre
213:Martinique
189:St. Pierre
113:Early life
58:1875-04-27
21:Hébertists
3038:Vic Tanny
2948:Dan Lurie
2761:New World
2720:Maxalding
2655:John Lees
2039:"History"
1835:203441333
1784:203508295
1657:"History"
1099:Footnotes
1021:d'adultes
811:Deauville
696:Deauville
657:Diksmuide
243:Hébertism
3253:Category
2675:Reg Park
2543:European
2336:Archived
2158:31 March
2133:28 March
2089:26 March
2067:26 March
2045:27 March
2014:28 March
1992:26 March
1970:26 March
1884:26 March
1862:27 March
1840:28 March
1789:28 March
1738:26 March
1707:26 March
1663:27 March
1641:28 March
1610:26 March
1502:26 March
1067:See also
827:Calvados
667:Marriage
574:to swim.
492:swimming
486:throwing
474:climbing
383:in 1913.
304:gymnasia
237:altruism
228:"Suchet"
201:"Suchet"
3310:Parkour
3234:Pilates
3197:Related
3058:Turners
2873:Ed Fury
2737:Vulcana
2535:Western
2527:Systems
2201:17 June
1545:2 April
1523:6 April
1465:4 April
1332:1 April
1088:Parkour
1026:(1919)
1018:(1918)
1011:(1912)
842:parkour
726:corsets
689:Demenÿ.
480:balance
477:jumping
468:running
465:walking
417:Marquis
358:Lorient
326:gymnast
150:"Borda"
104:in the
3175:Tiruka
3072:Indian
2725:Maxick
2374:
2360:
2326:
2294:
2277:
2259:
1833:
1782:
1586:
974:(1913)
943:(1914)
785:sailor
681:Demenÿ
560:(1914)
165:Africa
3147:Yogic
2705:Sokol
1831:S2CID
1809:(PDF)
1780:S2CID
1758:(PDF)
763:, or
679:" by
645:Reims
402:Reims
119:Paris
2372:ISBN
2358:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2292:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2203:2015
2160:2022
2135:2022
2091:2022
2069:2022
2047:2022
2016:2022
1994:2022
1972:2022
1886:2022
1864:2022
1842:2022
1791:2022
1740:2022
1709:2022
1687:2023
1665:2022
1643:2022
1612:2022
1584:ISBN
1547:2022
1525:2022
1504:2022
1467:2022
1407:2024
1334:2022
852:'s "
844:(by
541:etc.
71:Died
52:Born
2269:in
1821:doi
1770:doi
643:in
436:).
3271::
2151:.
1829:.
1817:35
1815:.
1811:.
1778:.
1766:35
1764:.
1760:.
825:,
631:).
392:.
2461:e
2454:t
2447:v
2349:)
2229:.
2205:.
2162:.
2137:.
2093:.
2071:.
2049:.
2018:.
1996:.
1974:.
1937:.
1888:.
1866:.
1844:.
1823::
1793:.
1772::
1742:.
1711:.
1689:.
1667:.
1645:.
1614:.
1592:.
1549:.
1527:.
1506:.
1469:.
1448:.
1409:.
1360:.
1336:.
1213:.
1148:.
927:.
675:"
647:.
306:.
295:.
91:(
60:)
56:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
