359:, following mostly on Shuteriqi's footsteps, also considered that Gregory of Durrës, and Gregory the Printer were two different people. The misunderstanding seems to have emerged from Moscopolean books themselves, where Gregory is signed by different names. According to Maximilian Peyfuss, in his books Gregory is signed in no less than seven forms: Gregory the Printer; Gregory of Moscopole; Gregory Konstantinis; Gregory Konstantinidis; Gregory the Printer of Moscopole; Gregoy Ieromonachos; and, Gregory Ierodaskalos. Coming from such a rich variety of signatures, Gregory "takes so many different names, that certain differences between them should not shed doubt on his identity."
264:. In the printing establishment of Voskopoja are known at least 14 acolytes published, mostly portraying local saints, used for liturgical purposes. In general there are 20 different publications having the name of Moscopole printed in them between 1731 and 1760. An edition from 1769, though considered by most scholars to be from Moscopole, it lack the name of the city, thus can not be attributed with certainty. Gregory oversaw the printing press at the earliest until 1744, as can be seen from his name on the colophons. After this date his name does not appear in any Moscopole publications. The last work printed at the Moscopole workshop is a school grammar from
42:
840:(in Albanian) (Translation: Books were donated by many scholars such as George Sina who donated many Greek and Roman books, Gregory of Durres who "at the end of his life dedicated all the valuable books in the library" and many Voskopoi emigrants. The library was destroyed in 1769 ed.). Flaka e vëllazërimit. p. 60.
646:, p. xiv: "In 1761 the Albanian Orthodox cleric Gregory of Durrës translated portions of the New Testament, some more paraphrased than translated, in what is known as the Elbasan Gospel. 11 This Elbasan Gospel implies that there was at least a sporadic use of Albanian-language liturgy in Orthodox churches. 12"
823:(in Albanian) (Translation: In 1768 he was elected bishop of Durres and was therefore called "Gregory of Durres". The last years apparently spent in the monastery of St. John near Elbasan. He wrote any religious or religious textbooks and speeches in Greek. ed.). Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH. p. 1176.
383:
in 1768, while
Gregory was still alive, and there the signature was changed to "Gregory of Durrës". This seems to be a clear evidence pointing to one and the same Gregory. Furthermore, an engraving of his portrait from 1742 (see above) has his name written as "the Ieromonach Gregory of Moscopole and
350:
was one of the first to propose the idea of two different
Gregories living and working in Moscopole at the same time from 1731 to 1744. According to him, one of them known as Gregory the Printer was responsible for printing while the other known as Gregory from Moscopole was a corrector and writer.
370:
did not accept the two
Gregories hypothesis, continuing the idea of Gregory being one and the same, a printer, ieromonach, and teacher. An idea strongly defended by Peyfuss as well with his arguments. More recently new evidence seems to debase further the two Gregories hypothesis. In
248:. Before 1731 he became a monk, during which time he most probably learned the art of printing. It is not proven where he did his training for printing, though the Venetian printmaker Nikolaos Glykys in Venice is sometimes mentioned in this regard.
551:
According to Robert Elsie, after his move to
Moscopole Gregory the cleric became confused with another, different Gregory—that being "Gregory the Printer"—and both were at times referred to as "Gregory of
974:
Domi, Mahir (1965). "Rreth autorit dhe kohës së dorëshkrimit elbasanas me shqipërim copash të ungjillit" [On the author and timing of the
Elbasan manuscript with gospel translations in Albanian].
904:
Elsie, Robert (1995). The
Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (Anonimi i Elbasanit), 1761, and the Struggle for an Original Albanian Alphabet. Südost-Forschungen. Regensburg, Germany: Südost-Institut. 54: 3. ISSN
355:, who continued the idea throughout his work. His most important article on the topic was written in 1987 where a full biography of Gregory is attempted. More recently, the Canadian-born Albanologist
244:
As a budding scholar, Gregory first arrived in
Moscopole some time before 1730, according to historical author Robert Elsie. At least in 1744 Gregory is mentioned as a teacher at the
1034:
1039:
1009:Γρηγόριος ο Αργυροκαστρίτης: ο μεταφραστής της Καινής Διαθήκης εις το Αλβανικόν: ήτοι αι βάσεις της αλβανικής φιλολογίας και γλώσσης η Ακαδημία της Μοσχοπόλεως
379:
printed in
Moscopole in 1744 Gregory wrote a certain "appendix on time" which he signed as "Gregory of Moscopole the Printer". The same book was reprinted in
1013:
Grigorios of
Gjirokastër: the translator of the New Testament into Albanian: the foundations of Albanian philology and language at the Academy of Moschopolis
1059:
1049:
1029:
955:
323:
of Durrës. Later in life, Gregory donated books to the local library, which was most probably destroyed in 1769 when
Voskopoja was sacked.
287:
into Albanian, using an original alphabet he had invented sometime around 1761. After moving to Elbasan, he might have introduced the famous
1054:
399:
in 1741, just a few years before he was given a new position at the New Academy in Moscopole. Other works, as author or printer, include:
845:
667:
628:
535:
499:
327:
272:
997:
311:
for the first time. At least in 1761 this position was held by a different orthodox leader. Only after the abolition of the
525:
1044:
363:
216:
Gregory was born around the end of the 17th century. He is firstly mentioned in 1720 when he is noted to have met a
662:(Translation: The purported writer, Gregory of Durrës, was an Orthodox cleric. ed.). Clio Press. p. 194.
395:
181:
491:
History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries
734:"The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript ("Anonimi i Elbasanit"), 1761, and the Struggle for an Original Albanian Alphabet"
288:
197:
121:
1069:
990:
The Printing Press of Moscopole, 1731–1769: Printing and veneration of the saints in the Archbishopric of Ohrid
883:История на Охридската архиепископия-патриаршия отъ падането ѝ подъ турцитѣ до нейното унищожение (1394–1767 г.)
257:
702:
308:
489:
316:
245:
835:
618:
376:
312:
150:
950:. The 500/200 Albanian Protestant Commemorative Series. Institute for Albanian and Protestant Studies.
623:(in German) (Translation: "Grigori i Durresit (18 jh) Albanian" ed.). Bibliographisches Institut.
352:
300:
542:). He has been confused with Gregory of Durrës throughout history, and may indeed be the same person.
1064:
587:
265:
1074:
948:
Albania and the Albanians in the Annual Reports of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1805–1955
778:
562:
320:
233:
818:
657:
993:
986:
Die Druckerei von Moschopolis, 1731–1769: Buchdruck und Heiligenverehrung im Erzbistum Achrida
951:
841:
748:
663:
624:
592:
531:
495:
201:
189:
133:
479:
229:
225:
733:
185:
61:
515:
193:
161:
141:
109:
82:
17:
1023:
380:
347:
284:
280:
914:
Peyfuss, Max Demeter (2012). Shtypshkronja e Voskopojës 1731-1769, Tiranë, pp. 83-90
565:, think that Gregory of Durrës and Gregory of Moscopole are one and the same person.
729:
356:
817:
Shqipërisë, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të; shqiptar, Fjalori enciklopedik (1985).
795:
716:
895:
Dhimitër Shuteriqi (1987). “Marin Beçikemi dhe shkrime të tjera,” Tiranë, p. 105
807:
Dhimitër Shuteriqi (1987). “Marin Beçikemi dhe shkrime të tjera,” Tiranë, p. 105
177:
41:
367:
304:
752:
881:
439:
Other works printed in by the Moscopole printing press, but not by Gregory:
205:
173:
98:
291:
in 1761. His presence in Elbasan is not supported by documentary evidence.
923:
Yll Rugova (2022). Tipografia shqiptare 1555–1912, Varg, Prishtinë, p. 115
326:
His last signature was 1772 as Metropolitan of Durrës, most probably in
384:
Printer", revealing all of his occupancies, and proving this identity.
335:
276:
86:
79:
977:
Konferenca e parë e Studimeve Albanologjike. Tiranë, 15-21 nëndor 1962
331:
261:
217:
617:
Olschowsky, Heinrich; Leipzig, Bibliographisches Institut (1990).
221:
236:. Before moving to Moscopole, he worked as a teacher in Berat.
108:
Printer, teacher at the New Academy of Moscopole, inventor of
271:
After 1744, Gregory is thought to have taken up residence at
351:
This idea was perpetuated further by the Albanian scholar
338:. This is the year when he is considered to have died.
574:
According to Elsie, the alphabet was invented in 1761.
200:. The manuscript is one of the oldest known pieces of
932:Ο εν Ιερομοναχοις Γριγοριος Μοσχοπιτις και Τυπογραφου
656:
Young, Antonia; Hodgson, John; Young, Nigel (1997).
224:. Gregory is reported to have been a student of the
428:
Pastoral Letter of Patriarch Joasaf of Ohrid (1742)
155:
115:
104:
94:
68:
54:
32:
837:Autorë dhe tekste nga letërsia e vjetër shqiptare
204:Orthodox literature, as well as the oldest known
527:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
434:The Rhetoric of Theophilos Corydalleus (1744)
188:who is thought to have invented a particular
8:
488:Cornis-Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (2004).
27:Orthodox Christian cleric of Ottoman Albania
747:. Regensburg, Germany: Südost-Institut: 3.
260:. The printing equipment were brought from
992:] (in German). Vienna: Böhlau Verlag.
494:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 499.
279:. Gregory was the first to translate the
40:
29:
886:, Печатница П. Глушковъ, София, pp. 354–5
643:
317:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
138:Gregori i Durrësit; Grigor Konstantinidhi
49:, from a book printed in Moscopole (1742)
1035:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Albania
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
315:in 1768, Gregory was reappointed by the
1040:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
609:
467:
416:Akoluthia of the Fifteen Martyrs (1741)
422:Akoluthia of St. John Vladimir (1742)
7:
783:Shtypshkronja e Voskopojës 1731-1769
425:Akoluthia of the Seven Saints (1742)
1015:] (in Greek). Athens: Φοίνικος.
967:Marin Beçikemi dhe shkrime të tjera
769:, Athens, Theologia, p. 263 to 266
620:Literaturen Ost- und Südosteuropas
410:Akoluthia of Saint Seraphim (1735)
404:Akoluthia of Saint Theodora (1731)
392:Gregory published his first work,
25:
444:Akoluthia of Saint Anthony (1746)
407:Akoluthia of St. Harallamb (1734)
208:Bible translation into Albanian.
969:. Shtëpia Botuese Naim Frashëri.
431:Akoluthia of Saint Vision (1744)
346:In 1932 the Bulgarian historian
256:Around 1730 Gregory founded the
871:, Athens, Theologia, p. 263-266
561:Most other scholars, including
419:Akoluthia of St. Clement (1741)
796:Tipografia shqiptare 1555–1912
717:Tipografia shqiptare 1555–1912
232:, a significant figure in the
1:
456:Grammar by Kavalliotis (1760)
168:; Gregory of Dyrrachium) (or
73:
47:Portrait of Gregory of Durrës
1060:Albanian non-fiction writers
1050:18th-century Albanian people
1030:Eastern Orthodoxy in Albania
984:Peyfuss, Maximilian (1989).
965:Shuteriqi, Dhimitër (1987).
820:Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar
474:Grigori is also recorded as
413:Akoluthia of St. Naum (1740)
273:Saint Gjon Vladimir's Church
1055:Creators of writing systems
530:. I.B.Tauris. p. 181.
156:
1091:
1007:Kourilas, Eulogis (1935).
190:Albanian alphabetic script
182:Eastern Orthodox Christian
946:Hosaflook, David (2017).
869:Gregorios Argirokastritis
798:, Varg, Prishtinë, p. 115
767:Gregorios Argirokastritis
719:, Varg, Prishtinë, p. 118
289:Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
198:Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
145:
122:Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
39:
867:Evlogio Kurilas (1930).
765:Evlogio Kurilas (1930).
342:Two Gregories hypothesis
303:, around 1748 he became
258:Moscopole printing house
246:New Academy of Moscopole
172:) (c. 1701–1772) was an
309:Archbishopric of Durrës
18:Georgios Konstantinidis
880:Ivan Snegarov (1932).
524:Elsie, Robert (2013).
512:Gregory Constantinidhi
377:Theophilos Corydalleus
362:Early authors such as
165:
157:Grêgorios ho Dyrrakhíu
137:
834:Hysa, Mahmud (1995).
146:Γρηγόριος ο Δυρραχίου
34:Grigor Konstantinidhi
779:Peyfuss, Max Demeter
588:Theodhor Haxhifilipi
520:Gregorios Typografos
484:Gregory of Voskopoja
295:Later life and death
266:Theodore Kavalliotis
196:, used to write the
166:Gregorius Dyrrhachii
794:Yll Rugova (2022).
715:Yll Rugova (2022).
703:"Gregory of Durrës"
563:Max Demeter Peyfuss
508:Gregory the Printer
476:Grigori Voskopojari
328:Saint Gjon Vladimir
234:Greek Enlightenment
184:monk and cleric of
170:Gregory the Printer
1045:Albanian inventors
979:(in Albanian) (I).
741:Südost-Forschungen
450:Leonardo Lombardi
353:Dhimitër Shuteriqi
313:Ohrid Patriarchate
301:Dhimitër Shuteriqi
252:Career in printing
176:scholar, printer,
957:978-1-946244-13-0
593:Albanian alphabet
364:Eulogios Kourilas
154:
130:Gregory of Durrës
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
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447:Catechism (1746)
230:Ioannis Chalkeus
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44:
30:
21:
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1070:Albanian clergy
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453:Oktaikos (1750)
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396:Saint Nikodemos
390:
344:
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242:
240:Academic career
214:
186:Ottoman Albania
180:, teacher, and
116:
90:
77:
64:
62:Ottoman Albania
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644:Hosaflook 2017
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110:Elbasan script
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83:Ottoman Empire
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847:9789989658068
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669:9781851092604
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630:9783323003224
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537:9781780764313
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501:9789027234537
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348:Ivan Snegarov
341:
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329:
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306:
302:
299:According to
294:
292:
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286:
285:New Testament
282:
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222:Ottoman Berat
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947:
940:Bibliography
928:
919:
910:
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891:
882:
876:
868:
863:
851:. Retrieved
836:
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819:
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766:
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724:
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673:. Retrieved
658:
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519:
511:
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393:
391:
373:The Rhetoric
372:
361:
357:Robert Elsie
345:
325:
321:Metropolitan
298:
270:
255:
243:
228:philosopher
215:
169:
129:
128:
117:Notable work
46:
1065:1700 births
552:Voskopoja".
178:typographer
95:Nationality
72:1772 (aged
1075:Typography
1024:Categories
999:3205052935
905:0081-9077.
853:30 October
675:30 October
599:References
368:Mahir Domi
305:Archbishop
753:0081-9077
604:Citations
226:Aromanian
151:romanized
785:, Tiranë
781:(2012).
732:(1995).
582:See also
394:Life of
206:Orthodox
202:Albanian
174:Albanian
134:Albanian
99:Albanian
659:Albania
336:Elbasan
307:of the
277:Elbasan
218:Serbian
153::
87:Albania
80:Elbasan
996:
954:
844:
751:
666:
627:
534:
498:
332:Shijon
262:Venice
192:, the
58:c.1701
1011:[
988:[
737:(PDF)
516:Greek
510:; or
462:Notes
388:Works
381:Halle
162:Latin
142:Greek
994:ISBN
952:ISBN
855:2019
842:ISBN
749:ISSN
677:2019
664:ISBN
625:ISBN
532:ISBN
496:ISBN
366:and
283:and
212:Life
69:Died
55:Born
522:) (
506:);
486:) (
480:Eng
375:of
334:in
319:as
281:Old
76:75)
1026::
745:54
743:.
739:.
685:^
518::
482::
330:,
275:,
268:.
164::
160:;
148:,
144::
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