602:
553:), observed a split in the HGS community in which "Israel-uncritical" researchers saw "only Hamas transgressed", while another part of the community saw "both sides engaged in legally and morally problematic violence". McDoom's analysis found "evidence strongly suggestive of bias in favour of Israel" by a part of the community and made recommendations on "ethical obligations and good practices for scholars engaged in public commentary" in the field.
54:
567:
In 2010, the study of genocide connected to gender was a new field of study and was considered as a specialty topic within the broader field of genocide research. The field attracted research attention after the genocides of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Rwanda, in which war crimes tribunals acknowledged
548:
and Luigi
Daniele argued that a crisis in the overlapping fields of studies occurred, stating, "We argue that the crisis stems from the significant evidence for genocide in Israel's attack on Gaza, which has exposed the exceptional status accorded to Israel as a foundational element in the field,
499:, a typology (classification of genocide types), a comparative method of analysis, and on time frames. Anton Weiss-Wendt describe comparative genocide studies, which include an activist goal of preventing genocide, as having been a failure in genocide prevention.
420:
in 1982. He argues that although Fein's book did not directly refer to genocides other than the
Holocaust, its comparison of genocide in different countries occupied by the Nazis "laid groundwork for thinking about comparative studies of genocide in general".
338:
introduced his idea of genocide, which he defined as "the destruction of a nation or ethnic group"; after his book was published, controversy broke out concerning the specific definition. Many scholars believed that genocide is naturally associated with
305:; it has enjoyed renewed research and interest in the last decades of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. It remains a relevant yet minority school of thought that has not yet achieved mainstream status within political science.
347:
being the first case; there were also several other scholars who believed that genocide has a much broader definition and is not strictly tied to the
Holocaust. In his book, Lemkin wrote that "physical and biological genocide are always preceded by
451:
in the 1990s, which showed
Western scholars the prevalence of genocide. Despite growth in the preceding decades, it remained a minority school of thought that developed in parallel to, rather than in conversation with, the work on other areas of
468:, whereas the earlier generations of scholars who studied genocide did not find much interest among mainstream political science journals or book publishers, and decided to establish their own journals and organizations.
352:
or by an attack on the symbols of the group or violent interference of cultural activities." For Lemkin, genocide is the annihilation of a group's culture even if the group themselves are not completely destroyed.
537:
859:
456:, and mainstream political scientists rarely engaged with the most recent work on comparative genocide studies. Such separation is complex but at least in part stems from its
586:. These studies focus on the power of representations to disempower the object of the representation (as "the Armenian women"). Some scholars argue that representations of
549:
that is, the idea that Israel, the state of
Holocaust survivors, can never perpetrate genocide." Omar McDoom, describing the two fields of study together as HGS (
472:
572:
scholars study the differences between males and females during genocide by studying the lives of women survivors during the
Holocaust. Similar research on the
460:
roots and reliance on methodological approaches that did not convince mainstream political science; in addition, genocide studies are explicitly committed to
827:
503:
246:
487:, and himself meeting at a 1988 Holocaust conference in London in which the four participated in a session on genocides other than the Holocaust.
841:
1223:
1152:
1113:
1071:
1048:
962:
913:
113:
433:, several scholars continued Lemkin's genocide research, and the 1990s saw the creation of an academic journal specific to the field, the
480:
1243:"Cases Studied in Genocide Studies and Prevention and Journal of Genocide Research and Implications for the Field of Genocide Studies"
800:"A Personal Autobiographical Essay on the Origins and Beginning Years of Genocide Studies, and Some Reflections on the Field Today"
929:"Expert Commentary, the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, and the Question of Genocide: Prosemitic Bias within a Scholarly Community?"
520:
In the 2010s, genocide scholarship rarely appeared in mainstream disciplinary journals, despite growth in the amount of research.
1002:
175:
301:
It is a complex field which has a lack of consensus on definition principles and has had a complex relationship with mainstream
529:
508:
326:, a Polish-Jewish lawyer, began studying genocide. Known as the "father of the genocide convention", Lemkin invented the term
879:"Gaza as Twilight of Israel Exceptionalism: Holocaust and Genocide Studies from Unprecedented Crisis to Unprecedented Change"
239:
148:
843:
USC Dornsife Center for
Advanced Genocide Research Will Host the 2024 International Network of Genocide Scholars Convention
484:
128:
1374:
1323:
933:
884:
435:
78:
1379:
615:
577:
170:
1286:
799:
1369:
232:
133:
193:
104:
1162:
Verdeja, Ernesto (June 2012). "The
Political Science of Genocide: Outlines of an Emerging Research Agenda".
1136:
1097:
1030:
496:
384:
Charny credits the main launch of genocide studies to four books published in the late 1970s/early 1980s:
138:
123:
98:
389:
928:
878:
847:
158:
73:
286:; the Holocaust was the primary subject matter of genocide studies, starting off as a side field of
625:
465:
213:
118:
361:
1348:
1306:
1298:
1207:
1187:
1179:
1063:
620:
453:
88:
298:
occurred. It received further attraction in the 2010s through the formation of a gender field.
1340:
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349:
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279:
222:
153:
68:
34:
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1034:
954:
938:
905:
889:
851:
819:
582:
448:
295:
291:
203:
108:
1060:
Mass Media and the
Genocide of the Armenians: One Hundred Years of Uncertain Representation
1258:
607:
83:
53:
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1085:
1018:
1010:
562:
440:
323:
271:
263:
93:
1363:
1352:
1310:
1191:
1128:
1089:
1081:
1022:
1014:
795:
541:
444:
394:
Accounting for
Genocide: National Responses and Jewish Victimization in the Holocaust
357:
344:
283:
1274:
1242:
461:
376:
in Paris as two of the few notable events in genocide research prior to the 1970s.
331:
942:
893:
590:, when they become disempowering, can be viewed as acts of violence themselves.
495:
In the 2000s, the field of comparative genocide studies lacked consensus on the
340:
17:
1058:
Chabot, Joceline; Godin, Richard; Kappler, Stefanie; Kasparian, Sylvia (2016).
1336:
1294:
1175:
1017:(2010). "Editors' Introduction: Changing Themes in the Study of Genocide". In
597:
479:
as its first president. Charny credits the plan to create the IAGS with Fein,
476:
457:
397:
1344:
1321:(December 2005). "Hostage of Politics: Raphael Lemkin on 'Soviet Genocide'".
1266:
1202:(2008). "Problems in Comparative Genocide Scholarship". In Stone, Dan (ed.).
950:
901:
815:
1277:(April 2007). "Review: Second-Generation Comparative Research on Genocide".
958:
909:
873:
855:
823:
545:
405:
208:
1215:
601:
569:
319:
267:
198:
42:
1302:
1183:
1170:(2). Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association: 307–321.
647:
645:
502:
In 2005, a second international association of genocide scholars, the
270:. Genocide became a field of study in the mid-1940s, with the work of
790:
788:
786:
784:
1084:(2010). "Raphael Lemkin, Culture, and the Concept of Genocide". In
681:
679:
290:, and the field received an extra impetus in the 1990s, when the
278:
and started genocide research, and its primary subjects were the
587:
439:. The major reason for this increase in research, according to
580:
of Armenian women as victims with specific focus on the film
410:
How Can We Commit the Unthinkable? Genocide: The Human Cancer
568:
that several women were raped and men were sexually abused.
1123:
Von Joeden-Forgey, Elisa (2010). "Gender and Genocide". In
987:
698:
696:
694:
666:
664:
1247:
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
374:
La Société Internacionale de Prophalylaxie Criminelle
402:
Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century
877:
975:
685:
27:Academic field of study that researches genocide
538:allegations of genocide in the Hamas-led attack
512:was launched by Charny on behalf of the IAGS.
473:International Association of Genocide Scholars
414:Genocide and Human Rights: A Global Anthology
356:After the publication of Lemkin's 1944 book,
240:
8:
735:
670:
651:
702:
506:(INoGS), was created. In 2006, the journal
504:International Network of Genocide Scholars
247:
233:
52:
29:
1038:
536:published their evidence and analyses of
927:Omar Shahabudin McDoom (25 April 2024).
1259:10.5038/1911-9933.14.1.1706</p>
1145:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0004
1133:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies
1106:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0002
1094:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies
1040:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0001
1027:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies
723:
641:
370:Congress for the Prevention of Genocide
185:
60:
41:
775:
763:
751:
739:
655:
386:Genocide: State Power and Mass Murder
322:research arose around the 1940s when
114:Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders
7:
965:from the original on 27 July 2024.
916:from the original on 21 June 2024.
25:
862:from the original on 28 July 2024
830:from the original on 8 July 2024.
475:(IAGS) was created in 1994, with
1003:Bibliography of Genocide studies
876:; Luigi Daniele (5 March 2024).
600:
429:Starting off as a side field to
804:Genocide Studies and Prevention
530:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
509:Genocide Studies and Prevention
1204:The Historiography of Genocide
551:Holocaust and genocide studies
1:
943:10.1080/14623528.2024.2346403
894:10.1080/14623528.2024.2325804
1324:Journal of Genocide Research
934:Journal of Genocide Research
885:Journal of Genocide Research
528:In the 2020s, following the
447:, can be traced back to the
436:Journal of Genocide Research
408:in 1981; his own 1982 book,
616:Outline of genocide studies
1396:
1287:Cambridge University Press
1000:
560:
1337:10.1080/14623520500350017
1295:10.1017/S004388710002089X
1285:(3). Cambridge, England:
1241:Bachman, Jeffrey (2020).
1176:10.1017/S1537592712000680
334:. In 1944, Lemkin's book
266:of study that researches
1164:Perspectives on Politics
736:Bloxham & Moses 2010
671:Bloxham & Moses 2010
652:Bloxham & Moses 2010
194:Compulsory sterilization
1137:Oxford University Press
1098:Oxford University Press
1031:Oxford University Press
364:'s 1959 publication of
976:Von Joeden-Forgey 2010
686:Von Joeden-Forgey 2010
497:definition of genocide
330:and studied it during
1216:10.1057/9780230297784
390:Irving Louis Horowitz
848:USC Shoah Foundation
540:and on the topic of
129:Recognition politics
74:Genocides in history
1375:1940s introductions
626:Genocide prevention
466:praxis as a process
214:Forced assimilation
1380:Genocide education
1319:Weiss-Wendt, Anton
1208:Palgrave Macmillan
1200:Weiss-Wendt, Anton
1064:Palgrave Macmillan
988:Chabot et al. 2016
742:, pp. 19, 21.
621:Genocide education
534:Holocaust scholars
454:political violence
366:The Crime of State
1225:978-0-230-29778-4
1154:978-0-19-923211-6
1139:. pp. 61ff.
1115:978-0-19-923211-6
1100:. pp. 19ff.
1073:978-1-34-956606-8
1050:978-0-19-923211-6
1033:. pp. 1–15.
990:, p. needed.
850:, 8 August 2022,
576:has explored the
574:Armenian genocide
431:Holocaust studies
418:Jack Nusan Porter
350:cultural genocide
318:The beginning of
303:political science
288:Holocaust studies
280:Armenian genocide
257:
256:
69:List of genocides
16:(Redirected from
1387:
1370:Genocide studies
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703:Weiss-Wendt 2008
700:
689:
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659:
649:
610:
605:
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583:Ravished Armenia
449:Rwandan genocide
296:Rwandan genocide
292:Bosnian genocide
260:Genocide studies
249:
242:
235:
204:Ethnic cleansing
79:Effects on youth
56:
46:
30:
21:
18:Genocide scholar
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1235:Further reading
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1125:Bloxham, Donald
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1086:Bloxham, Donald
1080:
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1019:Bloxham, Donald
1011:Bloxham, Donald
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608:Genocide portal
606:
599:
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559:
532:, genocide and
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518:
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427:
382:
316:
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253:
149:Anti-Indigenous
103:In relation to
45:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1383:
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1377:
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1357:
1331:(4): 551–559.
1315:
1279:World Politics
1271:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1196:
1159:
1153:
1129:Moses, A. Dirk
1120:
1114:
1090:Moses, A. Dirk
1082:Moses, A. Dirk
1078:
1072:
1055:
1049:
1023:Moses, A. Dirk
1015:Moses, A. Dirk
1006:
1001:Main article:
998:
995:
993:
992:
980:
968:
919:
865:
833:
780:
768:
756:
744:
728:
726:, p. 307.
707:
690:
675:
660:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
595:
592:
578:representation
563:Genocidal rape
558:
555:
525:
522:
517:
514:
492:
489:
485:Roger W. Smith
441:Donald Bloxham
426:
423:
381:
378:
324:Raphael Lemkin
315:
312:
310:
307:
272:Raphael Lemkin
264:academic field
255:
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186:Related topics
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989:
984:
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978:, p. 63.
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797:
796:Israel Charny
791:
789:
787:
785:
781:
778:, p. 35.
777:
772:
769:
766:, p. 34.
765:
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754:, p. 32.
753:
748:
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741:
738:, p. 2;
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729:
725:
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716:
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708:
705:, p. 42.
704:
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688:, p. 61.
687:
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658:, p. 22.
657:
654:, p. 2;
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543:
542:Gaza genocide
539:
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531:
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511:
510:
505:
500:
498:
490:
488:
486:
482:
481:Robert Melson
478:
474:
469:
467:
464:activism and
463:
459:
455:
450:
446:
445:A. Dirk Moses
442:
438:
437:
432:
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415:
411:
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391:
387:
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363:
359:
358:Israel Charny
354:
351:
346:
345:the Holocaust
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
308:
306:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:the Holocaust
281:
277:
274:, who coined
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1203:
1167:
1163:
1135:. New York:
1132:
1096:. New York:
1093:
1059:
1029:. New York:
1026:
997:Bibliography
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971:
932:
922:
883:
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842:
836:
807:
803:
771:
759:
747:
731:
724:Verdeja 2012
673:, p. 2.
581:
566:
557:Gender field
550:
527:
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507:
501:
494:
470:
462:humanitarian
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428:
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362:Pieter Drost
355:
335:
332:World War II
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259:
258:
176:Bibliography
165:
134:Risk factors
107: /
1289:: 476–501.
380:1970s/1980s
368:and a 1967
341:mass murder
159:Utilitarian
105:Colonialism
1364:Categories
1206:. London:
1062:. London:
959:Q127943398
910:Q127945239
856:Q127984049
824:Q127976569
776:Moses 2010
764:Moses 2010
752:Moses 2010
740:Moses 2010
656:Moses 2010
632:References
561:See also:
458:humanities
398:Helen Fein
314:Background
124:Psychology
119:Prevention
99:Incitement
1353:144612446
1345:1462-3528
1311:144879341
1267:1911-0359
1192:145170749
951:1462-3528
902:1462-3528
874:Raz Segal
816:1911-0359
637:Footnotes
546:Raz Segal
406:Leo Kuper
400:in 1979;
392:in 1976;
336:Axis Rule
209:Ethnocide
1303:40060166
1184:41479553
1131:(eds.).
1092:(eds.).
1025:(eds.).
963:Archived
955:Wikidata
914:Archived
906:Wikidata
860:archived
852:Wikidata
828:Archived
820:Wikidata
798:(2024).
594:See also
570:Feminist
372:held by
328:genocide
320:genocide
276:genocide
268:genocide
223:Category
199:Democide
154:Cultural
89:Massacre
44:Genocide
35:a series
33:Part of
309:History
171:Outline
166:Studies
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