115:
2237:
2227:
39:
454:). This critique usually asserts that C++ is a poor choice for implementing system libraries and APIs because of the inherent complexity of C++ and the difficulty in analyzing code for correct behavior. While Genode does make use of multiple inheritance and templates in its system library, the use of the
494:
or IPC endpoints. This is in contrast to systems such as Unix which feature a ubiquitous file system and allow a superuser context to arbitrarily manage any process within the system. Explicitly declaring the permissions and routing of components may be perceived as labor-intensive relative to Unix.
373:
Genode builds on the general philosophy of microkernels: the smaller and simpler the code, the easier it is to verify for trustworthiness and correctness. Genode extends this philosophy to user space by composing complex applications from small components. Each component exists in a strict hierarchy
519:
hosting traditional OSes for a fully featured desktop. Sculpt is distinguished from the Genode operating system framework in that it relies heavily on dynamic reconfiguration using privileged control components in contrast to specialized systems with static policies.
474:, in contrast to the plain text model of Unix derivatives. The Genode framework makes use of XML in effectively all of its components because XML is easily parsed and generated programmatically while still being possible to understand and edit manually.
515:. Sculpt is a small base system with automatic device detection and configuration, some GUI control interfaces, and frontends to the Genode package manager. The system does not feature a full desktop environment, but requires users to deploy
378:(IPC) access policies to its children. This hierarchical system layout yields intuitive partitioning and privilege deescalation as specialized subsystems are nested within more general subsystems, mitigating the
462:
and the global allocator, have been removed from the language runtime. Comprehensive static analysis of C++ is not possible. However, the Genode project publishes unit tests for empirical analysis.
341:
microhypervisors conducted during the same time. Following the success of an early prototype, the authors of the report founded the company Genode Labs to develop Bastei as the Genode OS Framework.
309:
of Genode makes it a flexible alternative to more complex Unix-derived operating systems. For this reason the framework has been used as a base system for research in such fields as virtualization,
759:
2275:
1298:
2612:
824:
3094:
2231:
794:
2559:
3089:
361:(API), and issue documentation. The OS framework is available in source code form and following the 18.02 release a general purpose derivative named
3084:
2268:
393:
implement a superset of those features. Abstracting these features allows Genode to act as user space for a variety of L4 microkernels, and Linux.
2888:
2859:
1131:
389:
The framework is designed to be hosted by microkernels, however the features of any given microkernel fall mostly within a common set, and
2261:
30:
353:
with a commercial entity offering alternative licensing. Releases are scheduled at three-month intervals to make changes to the system
3099:
2007:
3109:
358:
350:
230:
2663:
2607:
295:
271:
components. The framework is notable as one of the few open-source operating systems not derived from a proprietary OS, such as
2582:
2552:
2032:
3104:
3074:
2775:
2673:
1916:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1099:
726:
3053:
2602:
2587:
2071:
257:
2648:
2633:
2592:
2467:
2299:
1563:
354:
133:
3079:
2814:
2761:
2335:
1485:
447:
375:
310:
212:
107:
2829:
2668:
2545:
2372:
2320:
2212:
2059:
1809:
832:
2864:
2683:
2643:
2638:
2597:
2409:
2359:
2330:
2099:
2077:
1974:
1716:
1647:
1602:
1581:
1520:
1354:
1152:
1124:
1032:
802:
673:
607:
547:
334:
329:
Genode was first conceived as the Bastei OS Architecture research report at the
Technical University of Dresden (
199:
2907:
2794:
2658:
2457:
2399:
2092:
2053:
1928:
1634:
1513:
625:
419:
2653:
2325:
2305:
2284:
2045:
1840:
1587:
379:
314:
291:
776:
455:
3041:
2980:
2869:
2849:
2798:
2756:
1430:
1390:
961:
643:
276:
2824:
2790:
2692:
2628:
2419:
2241:
1756:
1687:
1640:
1371:
1182:
1161:
338:
692:
854:
3021:
2995:
2444:
2220:
2065:
1727:
1347:
1117:
496:
459:
318:
82:
59:
711:
114:
2990:
2942:
2819:
2340:
2179:
491:
1104:
2927:
2834:
2526:
2390:
2088:
1623:
1306:
894:
495:
However, compartmentalizing administration allows subsystems to be managed by mutually untrusted
1089:
592:
3036:
2985:
2917:
2874:
2715:
2310:
2164:
2149:
2129:
1209:
390:
3016:
2568:
2355:
1450:
1401:
1188:
349:
The project is developed publicly as an open source project released under the terms of the
299:
283:
260:
225:
180:
167:
156:
333:). The focus of the report was to determine the practicality of a component-based OS using
2960:
2922:
2893:
2367:
2315:
2134:
1832:
1227:
930:
570:
516:
290:
for guest operating systems. The framework has been used as a trusted component of secure
160:
1079:
1008:
3046:
2970:
2932:
2804:
2521:
2428:
2174:
2159:
2139:
1661:
1277:
1177:
855:"A communication framework for distributed access control in microkernel-based systems"
415:
374:
of parent-child relationships. Any component acting as a parent may apply resource and
872:
3068:
2912:
2751:
2705:
2516:
2184:
2154:
1325:
912:
38:
2839:
2511:
2506:
2452:
2189:
1959:
1939:
1569:
1270:
1264:
499:
on the same machine without resorting to virtualizing, a common isolation method.
458:
is not allowed and language features that rely on implicit global state, such as
2965:
2947:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2477:
2019:
1669:
1665:
1144:
1140:
487:
470:
Genode components consume and publish state using structured data serialized in
264:
205:
29:
2485:
2434:
2121:
2025:
1989:
1341:
1094:
990:
443:
330:
287:
268:
49:
2253:
1084:
2902:
2809:
2735:
2700:
2424:
2169:
2144:
1908:
1778:
1768:
1676:
1462:
1422:
1199:
913:"Genode OS Framework, un framework para el desarrollo de sistemas embebidos"
483:
423:
383:
1109:
544:, a desktop operating system that provides security through virtualization
406:
Genode is often criticized for the choice of its implementation language,
3031:
2404:
1995:
1952:
1816:
1748:
1556:
1436:
1364:
1332:
1216:
541:
306:
3026:
2955:
2725:
2345:
2111:
2038:
2001:
1921:
1898:
1867:
1846:
1821:
1794:
1787:
1696:
1477:
1468:
1383:
1377:
760:"Inspecting data from the safety of your trusted execution environment"
529:
451:
439:
435:
139:
871:
Pruthiviraj, B.; Madhusuthun, G.S.; Vijayasarathy, S.; Chakrapani, K.
2394:
2386:
2382:
1982:
1742:
1736:
1709:
1702:
1628:
1617:
1611:
1532:
1501:
1283:
1067:
512:
192:
184:
2537:
911:
Millo-Sánchez, Reinier; Paz Rodríguez, Waldo; Fajardo-Moya, Alexis.
873:"A Microkernel Based Secure Operating System Using Genode Framework"
608:"Genode Is Developing A GPU Multiplexer For Intel Graphics Hardware"
1080:
KV-Cache: A Scalable High-Performance Web-Object Cache for
Manycore
407:
64:
2975:
2462:
2414:
1858:
1654:
1575:
1526:
1456:
1443:
1412:
1254:
1171:
538:, a proprietary Unix-like operating system hosted by a microkernel
218:
674:"Redox OS, MINIX, Hurd & Genode Had Their Time at FOSDEM Too"
2501:
1539:
1242:
1236:
1100:
Kernel isolation of a
Capability-based security Operating System
1063:
411:
272:
2541:
2257:
1113:
969:
651:
3011:
2013:
1507:
1314:
535:
507:
The Genode project publishes a desktop operating system named
471:
431:
427:
188:
744:
1090:
Development of an
Embedded Platform for Secure CPS Services
712:"Sculpt Aims to Be a General-Purpose OS Built Atop Genode"
410:(a few other operating systems implemented in C++ include
947:
275:. The characteristic design philosophy is that a small
745:"Muen: An x86/64 Separation Kernel for High Assurance"
242:
337:. This report was motivated in part by research into
1056:
3004:
2941:
2887:
2848:
2783:
2774:
2744:
2691:
2682:
2621:
2575:
2494:
2476:
2443:
2354:
2292:
2120:
2087:
1938:
1907:
1857:
1831:
1777:
1767:
1726:
1686:
1601:
1548:
1421:
1411:
1400:
1253:
1226:
1198:
1160:
1151:
237:
224:
211:
198:
176:
166:
152:
132:
106:
88:
78:
70:
58:
48:
279:is of primary concern in a security-oriented OS.
793:Wegner, Martin; Holthusen, Sönke (2014-12-11).
532:, a desktop microkernel based operating system
365:is provided with on-target binary deployment.
16:Free and open-source software operating system
2553:
2269:
2232:Category: Microkernel-based operating systems
1125:
1085:TrApps: Secure Compartments in the Evil Cloud
8:
895:"Empirical Comparison of SCons and GNU Make"
22:
2780:
2688:
2560:
2546:
2538:
2276:
2262:
2254:
1774:
1418:
1408:
1157:
1132:
1118:
1110:
777:"Embassies: Radically Refactoring the Web"
113:
21:
1105:Mobile Device Security with ARM TrustZone
931:"TU Dresden technical report TUD-FI06-07"
626:"Introduction of the Genode OS Framework"
43:The desktop system Sculpt based on Genode
825:"The Secure Communication Module of CCC"
727:"Porting Genode to commercial hardware"
562:
795:"Contract Specification and language"
7:
282:Genode can be used as a basis for a
3095:Microkernel-based operating systems
725:Tarasikov, Alexander (2013-05-11).
511:that targets contemporary consumer
482:Genode lacks any practical global
14:
359:application programming interface
351:GNU Affero General Public License
2664:Object-oriented operating system
2236:
2235:
2226:
2225:
1009:"Genode's Conscious C++ dialect"
37:
28:
3090:Free software programmed in C++
3085:Free software operating systems
1095:Secure-OS project of IIT Madras
593:"Genode OS adds RISC-V support"
267:abstraction layer and a set of
263:(OS) framework consisting of a
2674:Supercomputer operating system
823:Hamad, Mohammad (2016-01-06).
1:
693:"Genode 2018.2 mit Sculpt OS"
258:free and open-source software
2649:Just enough operating system
2634:Distributed operating system
2300:Principle of least privilege
962:"L4 Based Operating Systems"
644:"L4 Based Operating Systems"
355:application binary interface
2762:User space and kernel space
2336:Capability-based addressing
1486:Multi-Environment Real-Time
376:inter-process communication
362:
317:isolation, monitoring, and
311:inter-process communication
94:; 16 years ago
3126:
2669:Real-time operating system
382:endemic to centralized or
3100:Operating system security
2865:Multilevel feedback queue
2860:Fixed-priority preemptive
2644:Hobbyist operating system
2639:Embedded operating system
2331:Capability-based security
2198:
991:"SeL4 Community Projects"
548:Capability-based security
335:capability-based security
36:
27:
3110:X86-64 operating systems
2908:General protection fault
2659:Network operating system
2613:User features comparison
2654:Mobile operating system
2326:Object-capability model
2306:Confused deputy problem
630:archive.fosdem.org/2012
380:confused deputy problem
288:virtual machine monitor
2757:Loadable kernel module
2242:Category: Microkernels
948:"NOVA Microhypervisor"
691:Baader, Hans-Joachim.
369:Architectural features
277:trusted computing base
120:; 3 months ago
3105:X86 operating systems
3075:ARM operating systems
2825:Process control block
2791:Computer multitasking
2629:Disk operating system
2445:Programming languages
1033:"Release notes 18.02"
497:system administrators
486:; there is no global
286:or tablet OS or as a
2996:Virtual tape library
2588:Forensic engineering
2495:Specialised hardware
2221:Open-source software
1728:Java virtual machine
460:thread-local storage
456:C++ Standard Library
319:software development
3005:Supporting concepts
2991:Virtual file system
2180:Andrew S. Tanenbaum
24:
3080:Capability systems
2928:Segmentation fault
2776:Process management
2527:Plessey System 250
710:Larabel, Michael.
672:Larabel, Michael.
606:Larabel, Michael.
391:monolithic kernels
3062:
3061:
2918:Memory protection
2889:Memory management
2883:
2882:
2875:Shortest job next
2770:
2769:
2569:Operating systems
2535:
2534:
2356:Operating systems
2311:Ambient authority
2285:Object-capability
2251:
2250:
2165:James G. Mitchell
2150:Per Brinch Hansen
1969:
1968:
1804:
1803:
1597:
1596:
1293:
1292:
1210:Mac OS nanokernel
1074:Research projects
1049:Official websites
853:Hamad, Mohammad.
552:Secure by default
478:Local namespacing
294:systems for both
251:
250:
157:Desktop computers
3117:
3017:Computer network
2781:
2689:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2539:
2341:Zooko's triangle
2278:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2239:
2238:
2229:
2228:
1775:
1603:Capability-based
1419:
1409:
1158:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1111:
1060:
1059:
1057:Official website
1037:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1005:
999:
998:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
968:. Archived from
958:
952:
951:
944:
938:
937:
935:
927:
921:
920:
908:
902:
901:
899:
890:
884:
883:
877:
868:
862:
861:
859:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
831:. Archived from
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
801:. Archived from
790:
784:
783:
781:
773:
767:
766:
764:
758:Williams, John.
755:
749:
748:
741:
735:
734:
722:
716:
715:
707:
701:
700:
688:
682:
681:
669:
663:
662:
660:
659:
650:. Archived from
640:
634:
633:
622:
616:
615:
603:
597:
596:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
567:
517:virtual machines
284:desktop computer
261:operating system
247:
244:
238:Official website
161:Embedded systems
153:Marketing target
148:
145:
143:
141:
128:
126:
121:
117:
102:
100:
95:
41:
32:
25:
19:Operating system
3125:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3000:
2961:Defragmentation
2946:
2937:
2923:Protection ring
2892:
2879:
2851:
2844:
2766:
2740:
2678:
2617:
2571:
2566:
2536:
2531:
2490:
2472:
2439:
2350:
2316:File descriptor
2288:
2282:
2252:
2247:
2224:
2194:
2135:Thomas Bushnell
2116:
2083:
1965:
1934:
1903:
1853:
1827:
1800:
1763:
1722:
1682:
1593:
1544:
1403:
1396:
1289:
1249:
1222:
1194:
1147:
1138:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1002:
989:
988:
984:
975:
973:
960:
959:
955:
946:
945:
941:
933:
929:
928:
924:
910:
909:
905:
897:
893:Hähne, Ludwig.
892:
891:
887:
875:
870:
869:
865:
857:
852:
851:
847:
838:
836:
829:ccc-project.org
822:
821:
817:
808:
806:
799:ccc-project.org
792:
791:
787:
779:
775:
774:
770:
762:
757:
756:
752:
743:
742:
738:
731:I hate software
724:
723:
719:
709:
708:
704:
690:
689:
685:
671:
670:
666:
657:
655:
642:
641:
637:
624:
623:
619:
605:
604:
600:
591:
590:
586:
576:
574:
571:"Release 24.05"
569:
568:
564:
559:
526:
505:
490:or registry of
480:
468:
404:
399:
386:system policy.
371:
347:
327:
241:
159:
138:
124:
122:
119:
98:
96:
93:
89:Initial release
44:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:User interface
3044:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:File attribute
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2933:Virtual memory
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Context switch
2802:
2787:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2522:Intel iAPX 432
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2429:HarmonyOS NEXT
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2216:
2208:
2206:= discontinued
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2175:Richard Rashid
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Jochen Liedtke
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2140:David Cheriton
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:Icaros Desktop
1888:
1882:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1817:Classic Mac OS
1813:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1662:HarmonyOS NEXT
1658:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1384:TI-RTOS kernel
1381:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1360:Off++ → Plan B
1358:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1322:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1260:
1258:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:External links
1042:
1039:
1038:
1024:
1000:
982:
953:
939:
922:
903:
885:
863:
845:
815:
785:
768:
750:
736:
717:
702:
683:
664:
635:
617:
598:
584:
561:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
545:
539:
533:
525:
522:
504:
501:
479:
476:
467:
464:
403:
400:
398:
395:
370:
367:
346:
343:
326:
323:
292:virtualization
249:
248:
239:
235:
234:
233:and commercial
228:
222:
221:
215:
209:
208:
203:
196:
195:
178:
174:
173:
170:
164:
163:
154:
150:
149:
136:
130:
129:
110:
108:Latest release
104:
103:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
52:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3122:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Memory paging
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Device driver
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2693:Architectures
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:IBM System/38
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Cambridge CAP
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Avie Tevanian
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Gernot Heiser
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:^ integrates
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:Little Kernel
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1014:
1013:genodians.org
1010:
1004:
1001:
996:
992:
986:
983:
972:on 2018-06-14
971:
967:
963:
957:
954:
949:
943:
940:
932:
926:
923:
918:
914:
907:
904:
896:
889:
886:
881:
874:
867:
864:
856:
849:
846:
835:on 2019-01-23
834:
830:
826:
819:
816:
805:on 2019-03-27
804:
800:
796:
789:
786:
778:
772:
769:
761:
754:
751:
746:
740:
737:
732:
728:
721:
718:
713:
706:
703:
698:
694:
687:
684:
679:
675:
668:
665:
654:on 2018-06-14
653:
649:
645:
639:
636:
631:
627:
621:
618:
613:
609:
602:
599:
594:
588:
585:
573:. 30 May 2024
572:
566:
563:
556:
551:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
523:
521:
518:
514:
510:
502:
500:
498:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
396:
394:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
246:
240:
236:
232:
231:AGPL-3.0-only
229:
227:
223:
220:
216:
214:
210:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
137:
135:
131:
118:/ 30 May 2024
116:
111:
109:
105:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
73:
71:Working state
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
40:
35:
31:
26:
2948:file systems
2840:Time-sharing
2478:File systems
2377:
2240:
2230:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2190:William Wulf
2105:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2031:
1981:
1973:
1960:Workplace OS
1958:
1951:
1947:
1940:AIM alliance
1927:
1845:
1839:
1815:
1808:
1793:
1786:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1708:
1675:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1570:Nucleus RTOS
1555:
1538:
1531:
1519:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1476:
1449:
1442:
1429:
1389:
1370:
1363:
1353:
1340:
1324:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1282:
1263:
1241:
1235:
1215:
1208:
1176:
1170:
1141:Microkernels
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
995:sel4.systems
994:
985:
974:. Retrieved
970:the original
965:
956:
942:
925:
917:ResearchGate
916:
906:
888:
879:
866:
848:
837:. Retrieved
833:the original
828:
818:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
798:
788:
771:
753:
739:
730:
720:
705:
697:pro-linux.de
696:
686:
677:
667:
656:. Retrieved
652:the original
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
601:
587:
575:. Retrieved
565:
508:
506:
481:
469:
405:
388:
372:
348:
328:
304:
281:
253:
252:
168:Available in
79:Source model
2966:Device file
2956:Boot loader
2870:Round-robin
2795:Cooperative
2731:Rump kernel
2721:Multikernel
2711:Microkernel
2608:Usage share
2130:Gordon Bell
2020:OpenComRTOS
1917:Singularity
1743:Chorus/Jazz
1666:OpenHarmony
1145:nanokernels
488:file system
265:microkernel
206:Microkernel
144:/genodelabs
125:30 May 2024
112:24.05
83:Open source
54:Genode Labs
3069:Categories
2896:protection
2852:algorithms
2850:Scheduling
2799:Preemptive
2745:Components
2716:Monolithic
2583:Comparison
2486:Tahoe-LAFS
2435:Phantom OS
2122:Developers
2089:Frameworks
2026:Phantom OS
1990:ChibiOS/RT
1348:µ-velOSity
1342:MicroEmpix
1064:Genodelabs
1018:2019-11-29
976:2018-06-01
839:2018-06-01
809:2018-06-01
733:. Blogger.
658:2018-06-01
557:References
444:SerenityOS
331:TU Dresden
305:The small
269:user space
134:Repository
60:Written in
2986:Partition
2903:Bus error
2830:Real-time
2810:Interrupt
2736:Unikernel
2701:Exokernel
2425:HarmonyOS
2213:Real-time
2170:Ike Nassi
2145:Dan Dodge
1909:Microsoft
1779:Unix-like
1769:Macintosh
1677:HarmonyOS
1564:Integrity
1463:Minix-vmd
1423:Unix-like
1402:Operating
1200:Macintosh
782:. USENIX.
492:processes
484:namespace
424:IncludeOS
418:, Ghost,
397:Criticism
384:superuser
177:Platforms
50:Developer
3032:Live USB
2894:resource
2784:Concepts
2622:Variants
2603:Timeline
2405:iMAX 432
2368:Capsicum
2346:Petnames
2293:Concepts
2287:security
1996:FreeRTOS
1953:Taligent
1885:Broadway
1879:AspireOS
1749:ChorusOS
1670:Oniro OS
1557:ChorusOS
1437:GNU Hurd
1391:Vanguard
1333:GNU Mach
1217:NuKernel
966:L4hq.org
678:Phoronix
648:L4hq.org
612:Phoronix
542:Qubes OS
524:See also
448:Syllable
428:Managarm
345:Releases
315:IP stack
307:codebase
217:Genode,
213:Userland
3027:Live CD
2981:Journal
2945:access,
2943:Storage
2820:Process
2726:vkernel
2593:History
2576:General
2373:Fuchsia
2360:kernels
2203:Italics
2112:TI-RTOS
2060:Harmony
2039:SharpOS
2033:RC 4000
2002:HelenOS
1922:ThreadX
1899:MorphOS
1868:AmigaOS
1847:Symbian
1824:kernel)
1822:PowerPC
1810:Copland
1795:MacMach
1788:MachTen
1549:Partial
1495:Unix-RT
1478:MkLinux
1469:Minix 3
1415:support
1404:systems
1378:RTLinux
1372:PowerUP
1355:nucleus
1153:Kernels
577:22 June
530:HelenOS
513:laptops
452:Symbian
440:ReactOS
436:Palm OS
416:Fuchsia
357:(ABI),
325:History
226:License
172:English
146:/genode
123: (
97: (
74:Current
2835:Thread
2706:Hybrid
2684:Kernel
2453:Cajita
2410:Midori
2395:CapROS
2387:KeyKOS
2383:GNOSIS
2378:Genode
2321:C-list
2302:(PoLP)
2106:Genode
2100:Cosmos
2078:Zephyr
1983:BeRTOS
1975:Amoeba
1771:hosted
1737:JavaOS
1717:Wombat
1710:REX OS
1703:PikeOS
1697:LLinux
1690:kernel
1648:Midori
1629:CapROS
1618:KeyKOS
1612:GNOSIS
1533:UNICOS
1521:Spring
1502:OS2000
1451:MeikOS
1284:WarpOS
1271:ExecSG
1202:hosted
1164:family
1068:GitHub
509:Sculpt
503:Sculpt
450:, and
363:Sculpt
254:Genode
243:genode
200:Kernel
193:x86-64
185:RISC-V
140:github
23:Genode
3037:Shell
2976:Inode
2468:Joule
2463:Joe-E
2415:NLTSS
2400:Hydra
2054:Thoth
2008:µC/OS
1929:Verve
1861:-type
1859:Amiga
1833:Psion
1655:NLTSS
1635:Hydra
1576:NuttX
1527:Tinix
1514:Redox
1457:Minix
1444:Lites
1413:POSIX
1299:ADEOS
1278:Quark
1257:-type
1255:Amiga
1228:Psion
1172:Eumel
934:(PDF)
898:(PDF)
880:JATIT
876:(PDF)
858:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
763:(PDF)
420:Haiku
256:is a
219:POSIX
2598:List
2512:Flex
2502:BiiN
2420:seL4
2391:EROS
2219:° =
2211:^ =
2093:kits
2072:VRTX
2063:^ →
2057:^ →
2046:SPIN
1948:Pink
1873:AROS
1841:EPOC
1641:seL4
1624:EROS
1588:RIOT
1540:VSTa
1491:MERT
1365:Opus
1326:Mach
1307:EROS
1265:Exec
1243:EKA2
1237:EKA1
1189:OKL4
579:2024
412:BeOS
298:and
273:Unix
245:.org
202:type
142:.com
99:2008
92:2008
3054:PXE
3042:CLI
3022:HAL
3012:API
2815:IPC
2014:MQX
1582:OSE
1508:QNX
1489:^ (
1431:ARX
1315:K42
1066:on
536:QNX
472:XML
466:XML
432:OSv
408:C++
402:C++
300:ARM
296:x86
189:x86
181:ARM
65:C++
3071::
2797:,
2393:→
2389:→
2385:→
2358:,
2114:^°
2091:,
2080:^°
2028:^°
2010:^°
1998:^°
1992:^°
1986:^°
1957:→
1955:OS
1950:→
1875:°
1851:^°
1849:OS
1844:→
1757:JX
1752:^)
1719:^°
1699:^°
1688:L4
1674:→
1668:,
1643:^°
1627:→
1621:→
1615:→
1590:^°
1578:^°
1493:–
1459:°
1386:^°
1329:°
1310:^°
1246:^°
1240:→
1183:L4
1181:→
1178:L3
1175:→
1162:L4
1011:.
993:.
964:.
915:.
878:.
827:.
797:.
729:.
695:.
676:.
646:.
628:.
610:.
446:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
426:,
422:,
414:,
339:L4
321:.
313:,
302:.
191:,
187:,
183:,
2891:,
2801:)
2793:(
2561:e
2554:t
2547:v
2458:E
2431:)
2427:(
2277:e
2270:t
2263:v
2108:°
2102:°
2074:^
2066:V
2049:°
2041:°
2022:^
2016:^
2004:°
1978:°
1924:^
1893:°
1887:°
1881:°
1820:(
1760:°
1740:(
1713:^
1705:^
1672:)
1664:(
1584:^
1572:^
1566:^
1559:^
1516:°
1510:^
1497:)
1481:°
1471:°
1465:°
1439:°
1380:°
1350:^
1335:°
1318:°
1302:°
1191:°
1185:°
1143:-
1133:e
1126:t
1119:v
1035:.
1021:.
997:.
979:.
950:.
936:.
919:.
900:.
882:.
860:.
842:.
812:.
765:.
747:.
714:.
699:.
680:.
661:.
632:.
614:.
595:.
581:.
127:)
101:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
