240:
might have "trans colleagues who do not feel able to share their pronouns yet". The draft guidance of NIH Sexual & Gender
Minority Research Office and the Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion said that disclosing personal pronouns when beginning a conversation might make others "more comfortable to disclose their own and prevent misgendering in the workplace." However, it warned that intentionally refusing to use the correct pronouns of someone is "equivalent to harassment and a violation of one's civil rights" and that pronoun disclosure should be "an individual choice and not a mandate". Analysts Louis Choporis, Gemma Martin, and
31:
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and that judges should be alert to "how someone prefers to be addressed". It also states that those who are victims of sexual violence or domestic violence should be allowed to use pronouns according to gender assigned at birth "because that is in accordance with the victim's experience and perception of the events".
379:. Toward the end of the letter, the groups suggested an "effective and fit-for-purpose pronouns policy" which included Buitendjik using pronouns in her email signature, and fostering an environment "which encourages the sharing of pronouns" in order to show support for transgender people. In October 2021, the Leeds
504:, James Tayler, had ruled against her. He had stated that her belief that "sex is immutable and not to be conflated with gender identity" was something "not worthy of respect in a democratic society", called her beliefs "absolutist" and argued that there is "enormous pain that can be caused by misgendering." The
542:
encourage managers and supervisors to refer to people by the pronouns and names they want to use, stating that continued misuse of pronouns and name may "breach the person's privacy...put them at risk of harm" and in certain circumstances "may be considered harassment". It also advised such people to
239:
Steven Taylor, Inclusion and
Diversity Consultant for Inclusive Employers, an organization focused on improving workplace inclusion, wrote that while adding pronouns is a way for cisgender people to make non-binary and transgender people more recognized, it should not "be mandated" as an organization
530:
The
December 2021 update of the Equal Treatment Bench Book advised judges that the use of preferred gender pronouns is "common courtesy". The guidance states that there might be situations in which a witness might refer to a transgender person with "pronouns matching their gender assigned at birth"
168:
and associations of journalists and health professionals advise use of the pronoun chosen or considered appropriate by the person in question. When dealing with clients or patients, health practitioners are advised to take note of the pronouns used by the individuals themselves, which may involve
1299:
Use the pronoun preferred by the individuals who have acquired the physical characteristics of the opposite sex or present themselves in a way that does not correspond with their sex at birth. If that preference is not expressed, use the pronoun consistent with the way the individuals live
477:, called the ruling good "for protecting faculty rights" but stated that the religious beliefs of a professor "should not give them special rights to mistreat students" and that professors do not have "full latitude" to determine which students get "respectful pronouns and which will not".
173:
advocacy groups also advise using the pronouns and names chosen or considered appropriate by the person concerned. They further recommend avoiding gender confusion when referring to the background of transgender people, such as using a title or rank to avoid a gendered pronoun or name.
460:
for violating "his constitutional rights" after the
University disciplined him for failing to use the right pronouns for one of his students, who was transgender, and for violating campus anti-discrimination policies. Asaf Orr, the director of the Transgender Youth Project for the
257:
rather than an individual preference. There is concern that including "preferred" in the name may cause the perception that using an individual's PGPs is optional. Levin states that "pronouns aren't 'preferred' but simply correct or incorrect for someone's identity."
244:, argued that using the incorrect pronouns can be "hurtful, angering, and even distracting". Additionally, Meredith Boe of Inhersight said that companies should not require pronouns in email signatures because it can "make many gender-expansive people uncomfortable".
640:, may lead some to claim that not using their PGP "violates one of the federal laws prohibiting sex discrimination" and believed that the decision would affect how employers "address their employees" and how school officials and teachers talk to students.
220:, Rachel N. Levin, advised against professors asking students to reveal their PGPs during class introductions, since this could upset those whom the PGP use is supposed to support. The two examples Levin gives include one student who has to confront not
1138:
Cahill, Sean; Makadon, Harvey J. (2014-07-02). "Sexual
Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection Update: U.S. Government Takes Steps to Promote Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection Through Meaningful Use Guidelines".
398:(DWP) because he refused to use PGPs for transgender individuals, saying they went against his Christian faith. An employment panel in 2019 ruled that his views were "incompatible with human dignity" and that the DWP had not violated the
144:
are also stated ("she/her/hers", "he/him/his", or "they/them/their/theirs"). A person who uses multiple pronouns (either interchangeably or in different contexts) may list both subject pronouns, for example "she/they" or "they/he".
1582:
It is usually best to report on transgender people's stories from the present day instead of narrating them from some point or multiple points in the past, thus avoiding confusion and potentially disrespectful use of incorrect
1402:
listen to your clients – what terms do they use to describe themselves... Pronoun preference typically varies, including alternately using male or female pronouns using the pronoun that matches the gender presentation at that
3137:
1697:
252:
There exists some disagreement on whether or not to refer to PGPs as "preferred". Some people omit the word "preferred", calling them "gender pronouns" or simply "pronouns" to emphasize that correct use of pronouns is a
410:), while the DWP welcomed the ruling. Andrea Williams, of the Christian Legal Centre, claimed that the decision was "the first time in the history of English law that a judge has ruled that free citizens must engage in
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659:
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proposed its 8,000 civil servants should pledge to include their PGPs in their emails, but an internal poll revealed that more than half were unwilling to do so. Permanent
Secretary to the Scottish Government
1763:
1730:
1387:
908:
Donatone, Brooke; Rachlin, Katherine (2013-07-01). "An Intake
Template for Transgender, Transsexual, Genderqueer, Gender Nonconforming, and Gender Variant College Students Seeking Mental Health Services".
177:
The practice of sharing personal gender pronouns has been done in the LGBT community for decades. It has become a common practice in social settings and on social media. Social media websites including
2155:
3241:
3073:
2221:
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Use the correct name and pronoun- Most names and pronouns are gendered. It's important to be considerate of one's gender identity by using the pronouns of the respective gender pronouns [
3477:
3004:
2279:
1271:
Use the pronoun preferred by the individuals who have acquired the physical characteristics of the opposite sex or present themselves in a way that does not correspond with their sex at birth.
571:(2015) concluded that intentional misuse of PGPs created a hostile work environment. The commission also said gender identity harassment may include repeated, and intentional, misuse of PGPs.
3509:
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1855:
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2594:
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recommended that employers make providing pronouns something that is voluntary rather than required and said that using the right pronouns makes a difference, especially for those who are
3037:
3104:
2903:
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language in order to "avoid assumptions about employees' sexual orientation or gender identity" and stated that someone's gender "should not be assumed based on their pronouns". The
3896:
3129:
808:
3641:
3541:
1687:
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She describes herself as being 'a mother and a feminist' who thinks 'that sexist stereotypes about women and girls, and about men and boys, are damaging for children and adults'.
275:
2490:
2312:
1888:
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Some people use more than one set of pronouns, either interchangeably or depending on the situation, and may indicate their personal pronouns as "he/they" or "they/she".
2758:
2417:
482:
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recommended guidelines emphasizing the "desirability" of using PGPs and gender pronouns that individuals prefer, including by teachers and students in accordance with
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862:
1753:
3344:
2119:
1796:
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2549:
768:
2695:
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474:
1038:
Nishida, Akemi; Fine, Michelle (2014-01-02). "Creating
Classrooms of and for Activism at the Intersections of Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Disability".
2627:
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3441:
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student who favored use of PGPs, opposed PGPs being mandatory, saying that making use of PGPs can force people into an uncomfortable situation where they
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512:
overturned Tayler's judgment, finding that the gender-critical belief that biological sex is real, important and immutable is indeed protected under the
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2211:
1422:
1672:
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4210:
3881:
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wrote: "I reserve the right to use he and him pronouns for male people. No one has the right to compel others to make statements they don't believe."
2996:
2383:
2271:
2050:
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1319:
3725:
3499:
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1845:
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2016:
2584:
2481:
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516:; still, Choudhury made clear that the ruling did not mean "that those with gender-critical beliefs can 'misgender' trans persons with impunity".
329:
3600:
3380:
2870:
2512:
3027:
995:
Markman, Erin R. (2011-10-01). "Gender
Identity Disorder, the Gender Binary, and Transgender Oppression: Implications for Ethical Social Work".
520:
3096:
1953:
1461:
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reported that 26% of
Americans knew someone who preferred pronouns such as "they" instead of "he" or "she", a rise from 18% in 2018. Some use
4179:
2788:
1292:
164:
people. Their use has been identified by social workers, educators, and medical professionals as both a practical and ethical consideration.
2893:
3406:
590:
requests made by campaign group Fair Play for Women. The report recommended the ending of "compelled use" of preferred pronouns by police.
298:
887:
795:
3633:
3531:
228:
is not clear to people around them), and another student who does not know which pronouns to request others to use. Christina M. Xiao, a
4111:
833:
386:
In August 2021, Scotland's government recommended that schools allow trans students to use their chosen bathrooms, names, and pronouns.
1227:
2807:
This is a personal process, rather than a medical process, for example the young person may propose to change their name and pronouns.
2476:
575:
462:
2834:
4085:
2302:
952:
Riggs, Damien W.; Due, Clemence (2015-07-01). "Support Experiences and Attitudes of Australian Parents of Gender Variant Children".
3572:
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4000:
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3402:
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1503:
730:
395:
266:
Some organizations have introduced policies facilitating the specifying of PGPs, particularly in email signatures. These include
1535:
587:
3150:
Ms Forstater is a tax expert and a feminist and is the protagonist in a bitter legal battle about sex, gender and free speech.
2725:
1639:
328:, the online learning tool, outlined the importance of preferred gender pronouns and how to set them within the program. The
2748:
2406:
2963:
2650:
1819:
859:
803:
763:
3333:
2926:
1083:"Electronic Health Records and Transgender Patients—Practical Recommendations for the Collection of Gender Identity Data"
3928:
3876:
3718:
2721:
2691:
2109:
2083:
1786:
1570:
692:
654:
380:
360:
758:
4215:
4200:
4136:
4090:
2687:
1313:"Meeting the Health Care Needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People: The End to LGBT Invisibility"
1256:
376:
3995:
3264:
1979:
4220:
4141:
4044:
3130:"Maya Forstater: Woman who lost job over transgender views warns of 'scary' precedent if her tribunal appeal fails"
2617:
1635:
583:
505:
3436:
3208:
3176:
465:, which represented the student in the case, said that the decision "opens the door to discrimination generally".
4225:
3834:
3688:
2523:
1596:
649:
616:
527:, "using the correct pronouns validates and affirms they are a person equally deserving of respect and dignity."
2997:"Who is Nicholas Meriwether? 'Devout Christian' prof who refused to call trans student's pronouns wins in court"
4049:
3866:
3861:
3410:
603:
556:
535:
457:
169:
using different pronouns at different times. This is also extended to the name chosen by the person concerned.
105:
1421:. Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling. 18 September 2009. p. 3.
4159:
3886:
3711:
1720:
1662:
1415:
1344:
470:
426:
383:
reported that "some limited progress" had been made in response to their letter, but did not mention PGPs.
4039:
3901:
2964:"Federal appeals court rules in favor of Ohio professor who refused to use transgender student's pronouns"
2486:
2042:
1911:
1312:
403:
93:
are also stated (e.g., "she/her/hers", "he/him/his", "they/them/theirs"). The pronouns chosen may include
2341:"Majority of Scottish Government civil servants say they'll never add pronouns to their email signatures"
3674:
2517:
2005:
611:
500:" and as claiming a "right to misgender trans women". In 2019, the judge in the initial case before the
333:
317:
254:
2178:
2860:
551:
also suggested that even though misusing the PGPs and name of a transgender employee does not violate
3938:
3918:
3753:
3605:
2622:
2114:
672:
58:
2649:
University of Leads LGBTQ+ Staff Network; University of Leads LGBTQ+ Student Society (August 2021).
4131:
3933:
3923:
3844:
3634:"GOP freaks out after Air Force memo says service members can include pronouns in email signatures"
3375:
2933:
2780:
2589:
2557:
2345:
1945:
1883:
1758:
1725:
1692:
1450:
501:
422:
364:
340:
304:
Some companies change policies to encourage sharing of PGPs to be more attractive and inclusive to
225:
194:
30:
610:
allowing PGPs in email signature blocks, calling it "unbelievable", and arguing it detracted from
3913:
3340:
1688:"Rising shares of U.S. adults know someone who is transgender or goes by gender-neutral pronouns"
1219:
1063:
1020:
977:
934:
621:
353:
229:
141:
117:
90:
66:
3500:"Federal-Sector EEO Cases Involving Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity (SOGI) Discrimination"
3064:"'Gender critical' Maya Forstater should have the right to misgender trans women, lawyer argues"
279:
3694:
2179:"M&S lets staff proudly add pronouns to name badges to 'show allyship' to trans colleagues"
884:
4205:
4169:
3958:
3829:
3819:
3798:
2784:
1288:
1211:
1203:
1164:
1156:
1120:
1102:
1055:
1012:
969:
926:
513:
407:
399:
368:
309:
290:
2212:"He, she or they: How companies are starting to address calls for a gender-neutral workplace"
3975:
3329:
3032:
2861:"Christian doctor says 'gender critical' Maya Forstater ruling gives him right to misgender"
1850:
1438:
honor the set of pronouns that clients select and use them throughout the counseling process
1195:
1183:
1148:
1110:
1094:
1047:
1004:
961:
918:
509:
466:
411:
221:
153:
101:
3666:
2618:"Students at Leeds University want staff to include gender pronouns at meetings and events"
582:
reported that UK police and courts were referring to suspects by preferred pronoun because
441:
were required to respect people's name and PGPs, and stated this appears to be the case in
352:
warned of possible consequences of the proposal for trans people, while the campaign group
3809:
3804:
3532:"Fact Sheet: Recent EEOC Litigation Regarding Title VII & LGBT-Related Discrimination"
2824:
2450:
2216:
2150:
891:
866:
579:
539:
497:
348:
dismissed the poll results as "disappointing", and a trans woman and political campaigner
325:
121:
70:
62:
35:
3601:"Police are calling transgender rape suspects by their 'preferred pronoun', report finds"
2146:"Virgin Just Added Gender Pronouns to Email Signatures. Should Your Company Do the Same?"
3371:"Postmen are now postal operatives, judges told, under gender-neutral language makeover"
4023:
3908:
3748:
3734:
3269:
2753:
2413:
2252:
2012:
1787:"Why it matters what pronouns you use to refer to people and what to do if you slip up"
1667:
1115:
1082:
725:
607:
599:
544:
487:
313:
286:
217:
125:
74:
17:
2553:
1495:
720:
473:
Professor of Law, had a similar opinion. John K. Wilson, an editor of the blog of the
4194:
3814:
3758:
1527:
1067:
1024:
981:
938:
664:
349:
267:
213:
149:
137:
133:
86:
82:
1627:
3943:
3297:
3236:
2717:
1223:
625:
415:
345:
271:
129:
78:
1721:"About one-in-five U.S. adults know someone who goes by a gender-neutral pronoun"
1051:
1008:
922:
834:"2019 Word of the Year is "(My) Pronouns," Word of the Decade is Singular "They""
586:
had been adopted as policy despite no basis in law. The practice was revealed by
3824:
3793:
3097:"Maya Forstater: Who is woman in employment tribunal over transgender comments?"
1663:"'They' Is the Word of the Year, Merriam-Webster Says, Noting Its Singular Rise"
1343:
Elizondo, Paul M. III; Wilkinson, Willy; Daley, Christopher (13 November 2015).
637:
453:
372:
321:
305:
198:
165:
161:
157:
2110:"Those she/her/hers at the end of email messages are more than a passing trend"
796:"The Importance of Gender Pronouns & Their Use in Workplace Communications"
1754:"Generation Z Looks a Lot Like Millennials on Key Social and Political Issues"
1098:
965:
885:
They/Them Pronouns: All Your Questions About Gender Neutral Pronouns Answered
523:
judge Devyn Cousineau ruled that for those who are non-binary, trans, and not
480:
In May 2021, in a written court statement appealing a decision in the case of
241:
233:
94:
2777:
Supporting transgender young people in schools: guidance for Scottish schools
2073:
1559:
1207:
1160:
1106:
1059:
1016:
973:
930:
3788:
2894:"Piers Morgan slams 'bigot' doctor who won't use patients' correct pronouns"
2378:
2307:
552:
524:
394:
In 2018, medical doctor David Mackereth was not hired by the United Kingdom
183:
1249:
1215:
1199:
1168:
1152:
1124:
598:
Some groups and individuals have been critical of the application of PGPs.
375:
and a hostile environment on campus, including not asking trans people for
3334:
Equal Treatment Bench Book: February 2021 Edition (December 2021 revision)
1975:
1846:"Why asking students their preferred pronoun is not a good idea (opinion)"
3855:
3203:
3171:
3068:
2898:
2865:
2183:
1182:
Rosenthal, Stephen M.; Ehrensaft, Diane; Vance, Stanley R. (2014-12-01).
721:"How To Affirm the People in Your Life Who Use Multiple Sets of Pronouns"
555:, doing so intentionally and repeatedly "could contribute to an unlawful
492:
187:
2749:"Scotland Tells Teachers to Respect the Gender Identities of Trans Kids"
3293:"Transgender people: judges advised to use preferred personal pronouns"
3198:
3166:
442:
179:
54:
2248:"Where each military branch stands on pronoun use in signature blocks"
69:, when declaring one's chosen pronouns, a person will often state the
61:) that an individual wants others to use to reflect that person's own
3990:
3985:
3783:
3403:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration & Management
3232:"Gender-critical views are a protected belief, appeal tribunal rules"
2927:
Trans and intersex equality rights in Europe – a comparative analysis
438:
430:
3167:"Maya Forstater: Woman wins tribunal appeal over transgender tweets"
1628:"Why social media sites are inviting people to share their pronouns"
418:
called Mackereth a "bigot" who was "self-righteous" in his beliefs.
190:
have added dedicated pronoun fields for their users' profile pages.
3563:
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (September 21, 2004).
2585:"Civil servants to be asked to include pronouns in email sign-offs"
356:
opposed the proposal, calling it "frightening" and "undemocratic".
660:
Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
446:
434:
170:
29:
3703:
2651:"[Staff letter to Vice Chancellor Buitendjik - Redacted]"
2554:
Intranet poll regarding pronouns in email signatures: FOI release
1946:"Allyship 101: What's the Point of Pronouns in Email Signatures?"
1368:
If you are not sure which pronoun to use, you can ask the patient
3265:"Misgendering Is a Human Rights Violation, Canadian Court Rules"
3707:
2407:
What's Your Pronoun?: Strategies for Inclusion in the Workplace
2006:
What's Your Pronoun?: Strategies for Inclusion in the Workplace
1597:"Why do many Americans list pronouns on social media profiles?"
120:, when declaring one's pronouns, a person will often state the
3468:
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (June 15, 2021).
3437:"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) Discrimination"
3199:"Maya Forstater: Woman loses tribunal over transgender tweets"
2968:
2829:
2078:
1791:
1478:
1184:"Psychological and Medical Care of Gender Nonconforming Youth"
633:
628:
said that the majority decision, in which the Court held that
294:
282:
1752:
Parker, Kim; Graf, Nikki; Igielnik, Ruth (January 17, 2019).
371:, called on the University to implement policies to confront
3470:
DOL Policies on Gender Identity: Rights and Responsibilities
3407:
DOL Policies on Gender Identity: Rights and Responsibilities
2825:"David Mackereth: Christian doctor loses trans beliefs case"
2272:"Signature block pronouns now allowed for Airmen, Guardians"
757:
Martin, Gemma; Choporis, Louis; White, Bali (May 28, 2020).
332:
provided guidance on using PGPs in email signatures and the
2677:
See page 17 for the mention of the proposed pronouns policy
632:
protects employees against discrimination because they are
336:'s Style Manual has a sub-section about "pronoun choice".
2688:"UCU backs LGBT+ staff network letter to vice chancellor"
1331:
Use the pronoun that matches the person's gender identity
2925:
van den Brink, Marjolein; Dunne, Peter (December 2021).
2374:"MoD tells staff to state name, rank and gender pronoun"
1515:
Use whatever name and gender pronoun the person prefers
34:
A set of four badges, created by the organizers of the
2303:"BBC advises all staff to use trans‑friendly pronouns"
1879:"The Case Against Mandatory Preferred Gender Pronouns"
1416:"Competencies for Counseling with Transgender Clients"
1081:
Deutsch, Madeline B.; Buchholz, David (2015-06-01).
4124:
4099:
4078:
4071:
4032:
4016:
4009:
3968:
3957:
3843:
3776:
3741:
2372:Bannerman, Lucy; Brown, Larisa (November 6, 2021).
367:LGBTQ staff and student groups, to Vice Chancellor
100:Preferred personal pronouns were recognized as the
2074:"Should your email say if you're he, she or they?"
4055:International Center for Research on Women (ICRW)
3343:. pp. 80, 194, 231, 327–328, 336, 345, 527.
1547:should be identified with their preferred pronoun
1386:. Fenway Health. January 2010. pp. 2 and 5.
483:Forstater v Center for Global Development Europe
790:
788:
786:
759:"What are Gender Pronouns? Why Do They Matter?"
2334:
2332:
2330:
1719:Geiger, A.W.; Graf, Anna (September 5, 2019).
1451:"Frequently Asked Questions on Trans Identity"
148:PGPs have come into use as a way of promoting
3892:Languages with gendered third-person pronouns
3719:
3324:
3322:
3320:
1999:
1997:
1686:Minkin, Rachel; Brown, Anna (July 27, 2021).
1482:] , or gender-‐neutral pronouns, they use
1248:Division of Public Affairs (September 2011).
475:American Association of University Professors
429:. The report also noted that only schools in
359:In August 2021, a letter signed by the Leeds
8:
3569:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
3537:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
3505:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
3474:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
3442:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2720:(Press release). University of Leeds: Leeds
2690:(Press release). University of Leeds: Leeds
714:
712:
549:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
201:such as "xe", "ze", "ve", "tey", and "hir".
3919:Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns
2043:"Using gender pronouns in email signatures"
1496:"Transgender terminology: It's complicated"
452:In March 2021, federal appeals court judge
402:. Mackereth opposed the ruling, as did the
236:themselves or feel "incredibly dysphoric".
4075:
4013:
3965:
3726:
3712:
3704:
3160:
3158:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2773:Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills
2139:
2137:
1939:
1937:
1381:"Glossary of Gender and Transgender Terms"
2854:
2852:
2482:Te Kawa Mataaho Public Service Commission
2276:Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs
2241:
2239:
2103:
2101:
1560:"NAMES, PRONOUN USAGE & DESCRIPTIONS"
1114:
752:
750:
748:
630:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
456:ruled that Nicholas Meriwether could sue
330:Te Kawa Mataaho Public Service Commission
2177:Maurice, Emma Powys (November 8, 2021).
2144:Stillman, Jessica (September 27, 2019).
1839:
1837:
1502:. Vol. 44, no. 4. p. 39.
911:Journal of College Student Psychotherapy
3277:from the original on February 17, 2022.
2761:from the original on February 11, 2022.
2564:from the original on September 27, 2021
1978:. Trans Student Educational Resources.
1912:"Why we use pronouns in our signatures"
1877:Xiao, Christina M. (October 16, 2020).
684:
27:Third person individual gender pronouns
3449:from the original on February 11, 2022
3417:from the original on February 18, 2022
3211:from the original on November 23, 2021
3007:from the original on February 16, 2022
2976:from the original on February 16, 2022
2943:from the original on February 14, 2022
2906:from the original on February 22, 2022
2873:from the original on February 15, 2022
2728:from the original on February 21, 2022
2530:from the original on February 21, 2022
2457:from the original on February 21, 2022
2423:from the original on November 10, 2021
2315:from the original on December 17, 2021
2282:from the original on February 19, 2022
2122:from the original on February 10, 2022
2072:Sherman, Natalie (February 19, 2020).
2053:from the original on February 28, 2021
1891:from the original on February 14, 2022
1844:Levin, Rachel N. (19 September 2018).
1700:from the original on February 16, 2022
1675:from the original on December 7, 2021.
814:from the original on February 21, 2022
733:from the original on December 29, 2021
521:British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal
3644:from the original on January 10, 2022
3594:
3592:
3590:
3544:from the original on January 22, 2022
3512:from the original on February 2, 2022
3480:from the original on January 22, 2022
3305:from the original on January 25, 2022
3286:
3284:
3244:from the original on January 15, 2022
3179:from the original on January 15, 2022
3057:
3055:
2837:from the original on October 20, 2021
2797:from the original on January 30, 2022
2630:from the original on November 2, 2021
2597:from the original on January 30, 2022
2493:from the original on February 7, 2022
2386:from the original on November 6, 2021
2260:from the original on January 8, 2022.
2191:from the original on February 4, 2022
1982:from the original on 12 November 2019
1607:from the original on January 24, 2022
1255:. Vanderbilt University. p. 34.
771:from the original on February 2, 2022
7:
3632:Spraygen, Molly (January 10, 2022).
3575:from the original on August 14, 2021
3026:Flaherty, Colleen (March 29, 2021).
2995:Sanyal, Pathikrit (March 29, 2021).
2698:from the original on August 12, 2021
2667:from the original on August 12, 2021
2616:Wace, Charlotte (October 30, 2021).
2550:Constitution and Cabinet Directorate
2210:Shropshire, Corilyn (31 July 2019).
1922:from the original on October 5, 2021
1766:from the original on January 8, 2022
1733:from the original on January 8, 2022
1318:. The Fenway Institute. p. 24.
1087:Journal of General Internal Medicine
997:Smith College Studies in Social Work
3350:from the original on March 16, 2021
2583:Sanderson, Daniel (July 26, 2021).
2339:Learmonth, Andrew (July 14, 2021).
2224:from the original on 3 October 2021
2158:from the original on April 13, 2021
1799:from the original on April 24, 2021
1285:The Associated Press Stylebook 2015
954:Journal of Child and Family Studies
3263:Factora, James (October 4, 2021).
3230:Siddique, Haroon (June 10, 2021).
3128:Smith, Helen-Ann (24 April 2021).
3076:from the original on March 4, 2022
3040:from the original on June 15, 2021
2962:Romaine, Taylor (March 29, 2021).
2859:Parsons, Vic (February 14, 2022).
2041:Glaser, Kamil (January 26, 2021).
2022:from the original on June 22, 2021
1956:from the original on July 22, 2021
1820:"A Guide To Gender Identity Terms"
1785:Kaur, Harmeet (October 16, 2019).
1642:from the original on June 16, 2021
1595:Adkins, Lenore T. (July 1, 2021).
1345:"Working With Transgender Persons"
463:National Center for Lesbian Rights
390:Legal issues and legal recognition
25:
3897:Languages with grammatical gender
3613:from the original on 10 June 2022
3369:Hardy, Jack (December 26, 2021).
3140:from the original on 30 June 2021
2477:"Pronoun use in email signatures"
2246:Sicard, Sarah (January 7, 2022).
1661:Hermon, Amy (December 12, 2019).
1351:. Psychiatric Times Vol 29 No 9.
882:Desmond Meagley and Youth Radio,
4211:Modern English personal pronouns
4175:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4001:Gender bias in medical diagnosis
3767:
3291:Quinn, Ben (December 27, 2021).
3165:Faulkner, Doug (June 10, 2021).
2892:Wakefield, Lake (July 9, 2019).
2747:Haug, Oliver (August 17, 2021).
2405:Gelpi, Madelyn (November 2019).
2301:Moore, Matthew (July 10, 2020).
2108:MacLellan, Lila (24 June 2019).
2086:from the original on May 4, 2021
1858:from the original on May 6, 2019
1818:Wamsley, Laurel (June 2, 2021).
1626:Elks, Sonia (October 20, 2021).
860:A Guide To Gender Identity Terms
414:". In response to the decision,
396:Department for Work and Pensions
36:XOXO art and technology festival
3107:from the original on 2021-04-30
3062:Parsons, Vic (April 27, 2021).
1944:Boe, Meredith (June 29, 2021).
1573:from the original on 2012-05-30
1569:. GLAAD. May 2010. p. 11.
1538:from the original on 2013-09-08
1506:from the original on 2013-09-25
1467:from the original on 2013-10-22
1458:Common Ground – Trans Etiquette
1428:from the original on 3 May 2019
1393:from the original on 2015-11-17
1359:from the original on 2015-03-21
1322:from the original on 2013-10-20
1262:from the original on 2010-02-17
1230:from the original on 2019-03-22
719:Sanders, Wade (March 5, 2021).
377:Gender Recognition Certificates
3996:Gender bias on Knowledge (XXG)
3599:Hymas, Charles (29 May 2022).
2658:UCU University of Leeds Branch
1287:. The Associated Press. 2015.
1:
2513:"Gender and sexual diversity"
2416:. pp. 10–11, 13, 21–22.
1494:Glicksman, Eve (April 2013).
804:National Institutes of Health
764:National Institutes of Health
4180:Gender and sexual identities
3929:Gender marking in job titles
3697:, 51-52 (June 15, 2020).
2722:University and College Union
2692:University and College Union
1052:10.1080/15210960.2013.867237
1009:10.1080/00377317.2011.616839
923:10.1080/87568225.2013.798221
655:Gender neutrality in English
565:Jameson v. U.S. Postal Serv.
561:Lusardi v. Dep't of the Army
381:University and College Union
361:University and College Union
224:(in other words, that their
89:"), although sometimes, the
4137:Gender in Bible translation
4091:The NeuroGenderings Network
3095:Hancock, Sam (2021-04-27).
3028:"'A Hotly Contested Issue'"
2004:Gelpi, Madelyn (May 2020).
1567:GLAAD Media Reference Guide
427:non-discrimination policies
4242:
4142:God and gender in Hinduism
4045:Gender Empowerment Measure
1636:Thomson Reuters Foundation
1460:. University of Richmond.
1040:Multicultural Perspectives
693:"Personal gender pronouns"
584:gender self-identification
506:Employment Appeal Tribunal
4150:
3835:List of gender identities
3765:
3689:Bostock v. Clayton County
3663:Bostock v. Clayton County
2524:Commonwealth of Australia
1534:. Human Rights Campaign.
1316:(PowerPoint Presentation)
1099:10.1007/s11606-014-3148-7
966:10.1007/s10826-014-9999-z
650:English personal pronouns
617:Bostock v. Clayton County
43:Preferred gender pronouns
4112:Women's studies journals
4086:Gender studies academics
4050:Gender Development Index
3949:Preferred gender pronoun
3867:Feminization of language
3862:Feminist language reform
3411:U.S. Department of Labor
838:American Dialect Society
557:hostile work environment
536:U.S. Department of Labor
496:described Forstater as "
458:Shawnee State University
106:American Dialect Society
97:such as "ze" and "zir".
47:personal gender pronouns
4107:Gender studies journals
3981:Gender-related violence
569:Jamal v. Saks & Co.
471:Northwestern University
262:Organizational policies
49:, often abbreviated as
18:Gender-specific pronoun
4040:Gender and development
2936:. pp. 11, 89–91.
2487:New Zealand Government
2015:. pp. 1–6, 8–13.
1200:10.1542/peds.2014-0772
1153:10.1089/lgbt.2014.0033
588:Freedom of Information
421:In November 2018, the
404:Christian Legal Centre
39:
3571:. EEOC-NVTA-2004-14.
3207:. December 19, 2019.
2718:"Trans issues update"
2526:. September 6, 2021.
2518:Australian Government
2278:. December 20, 2021.
1500:Monitor on Psychology
895:, December 15, 2021,
612:military preparedness
559:." EEOC decisions in
519:In October 2021, the
334:Australian Government
318:gender non-confirming
312:staff and customers.
297:, and United Kingdom
59:third-person pronouns
33:
3939:Lavender linguistics
3882:Genderless languages
3872:Gender neutrality in
3754:Anti-gender movement
3606:The Sunday Telegraph
2623:The Evening Standard
673:Third-person pronoun
445:and some regions of
4132:Gender and religion
3934:Language and gender
3924:Genderless language
3695:17 U.S. 570
3383:on January 25, 2022
3376:The Daily Telegraph
2934:European Commission
2833:. October 2, 2019.
2781:Scottish Government
2775:(August 12, 2021).
2724:. October 8, 2021.
2694:. August 10, 2021.
2558:Scottish Government
2443:"Personal Pronouns"
1916:Inclusive Employers
1884:The Harvard Crimson
1759:Pew Research Center
1726:Pew Research Center
1693:Pew Research Center
502:employment tribunal
467:Andrew M. Koppelman
423:European Commission
365:University of Leeds
341:Scottish Government
299:Ministry of Defence
280:Marks & Spencer
226:gender presentation
195:Pew Research Center
142:possessive pronouns
91:possessive pronouns
38:in Portland, Oregon
4216:Transgender rights
4201:Grammatical gender
3914:Grammatical gender
3565:Sex Discrimination
3341:Sentencing Council
2353:on August 16, 2021
890:2022-03-19 at the
865:2022-04-28 at the
622:U.S. Supreme Court
614:. In a dissent in
534:As of April 2021,
354:For Women Scotland
339:In July 2021, the
230:Harvard University
193:In July 2021, the
140:"; sometimes, the
40:
4221:Non-binary gender
4188:
4187:
4120:
4119:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
3830:Gender neutrality
3820:Gender expression
3799:Non-binary gender
3332:(December 2021).
2790:978-1-80201-185-2
2489:. June 29, 2020.
2274:(Press release).
1976:"Gender Pronouns"
1528:"Transgender FAQ"
1349:Psychiatric Times
1294:978-0-465-09793-7
807:. December 2021.
574:In May 2022, the
408:Christian Concern
369:Simone Buitendijk
291:U.S. Marine Corps
255:social obligation
160:, non-binary and
112:Rationale and use
53:) are the set of
16:(Redirected from
4233:
4226:LGBT linguistics
4178:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4076:
4014:
3976:Gender apartheid
3966:
3801:(or Genderqueer)
3771:
3770:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3705:
3698:
3692:
3684:
3678:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3629:
3623:
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3620:
3618:
3596:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3540:. July 8, 2016.
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3465:
3459:
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3456:
3454:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3379:. Archived from
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3338:
3330:Judicial College
3326:
3315:
3314:
3312:
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3112:
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3086:
3085:
3083:
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3059:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3033:Inside Higher Ed
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2635:
2613:
2607:
2606:
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2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2552:(July 8, 2021).
2546:
2540:
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2500:
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2422:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2349:. Archived from
2336:
2325:
2324:
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2320:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2268:
2262:
2261:
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2010:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1989:
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1972:
1966:
1965:
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1961:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1910:Taylor, Steven.
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1851:Inside Higher Ed
1841:
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1815:
1809:
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1776:
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1267:
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1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1194:(6): 1184–1192.
1179:
1173:
1172:
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1129:
1128:
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1071:
1035:
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1028:
992:
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960:(7): 1999–2007.
949:
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880:
874:
870:, June 2, 2021,
857:Laurel Wamsley,
855:
849:
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830:
824:
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703:
689:
510:Akhlaq Choudhury
412:compelled speech
102:Word of the year
21:
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4189:
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4095:
4059:
4028:
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3960:
3953:
3846:
3839:
3810:Gender identity
3805:Gender variance
3772:
3768:
3763:
3737:
3732:
3702:
3701:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3677:___ (2020).
3661:
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3483:
3481:
3476:. NVTA-2021-1.
3467:
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3101:The Independent
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2447:Blackboard Help
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2414:Out & Equal
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2013:Out & Equal
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950:
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892:Wayback Machine
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867:Wayback Machine
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718:
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710:
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580:Policy Exchange
540:gender identity
498:gender-critical
392:
314:Out & Equal
264:
250:
210:
128:, for example "
126:object pronouns
114:
75:object pronouns
63:gender identity
28:
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15:
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4160:Discrimination
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4024:Gender pay gap
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3909:Gender paradox
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3749:Gender studies
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3735:Gender studies
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3405:(April 2021).
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2253:Military Times
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1933:
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1668:New York Times
1653:
1632:news.trust.org
1618:
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1519:
1486:
1442:
1407:
1372:
1335:
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1147:(3): 157–160.
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1003:(4): 314–327.
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670:
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608:U.S. Air Force
600:North Carolina
595:
592:
545:gender-neutral
488:Maya Forstater
406:(a project of
391:
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287:U.S. Air Force
263:
260:
249:
246:
218:Pomona College
209:
206:
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3815:Gender binary
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3759:Postgenderism
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2590:The Telegraph
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2014:
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1994:
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1971:
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1250:"Style Guide"
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350:Debbie Hayton
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214:dean of women
207:
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57:(in English,
56:
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44:
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3944:Male as norm
3871:
3854:
3687:
3682:
3662:
3658:
3648:February 21,
3646:. Retrieved
3638:LGBTQ Nation
3637:
3627:
3615:. Retrieved
3604:
3579:February 21,
3577:. Retrieved
3558:
3548:February 21,
3546:. Retrieved
3535:
3526:
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3514:. Retrieved
3503:
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3482:. Retrieved
3463:
3453:February 21,
3451:. Retrieved
3440:
3431:
3421:February 21,
3419:. Retrieved
3397:
3387:February 22,
3385:. Retrieved
3381:the original
3374:
3364:
3354:February 20,
3352:. Retrieved
3309:February 20,
3307:. Retrieved
3298:The Guardian
3296:
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3246:. Retrieved
3237:The Guardian
3235:
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3213:. Retrieved
3202:
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3181:. Retrieved
3170:
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3100:
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3067:
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3031:
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3009:. Retrieved
3000:
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2978:. Retrieved
2967:
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2945:. Retrieved
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2897:
2887:
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2864:
2841:February 22,
2839:. Retrieved
2828:
2806:
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2767:
2752:
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2730:. Retrieved
2712:
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2700:. Retrieved
2682:
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2669:. Retrieved
2657:
2644:
2634:February 22,
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2621:
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2599:. Retrieved
2588:
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2568:February 20,
2566:. Retrieved
2544:
2534:February 20,
2532:. Retrieved
2520:Style Manual
2516:
2507:
2497:February 20,
2495:. Retrieved
2480:
2471:
2461:February 20,
2459:. Retrieved
2446:
2437:
2427:February 20,
2425:. Retrieved
2400:
2390:February 22,
2388:. Retrieved
2377:
2367:
2357:February 22,
2355:. Retrieved
2351:the original
2344:
2319:February 22,
2317:. Retrieved
2306:
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2286:February 21,
2284:. Retrieved
2266:
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2215:
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2077:
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2046:
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2024:. Retrieved
1984:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:February 20,
1958:. Retrieved
1949:
1926:February 20,
1924:. Retrieved
1915:
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1813:
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1757:
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1735:. Retrieved
1724:
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1691:
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1646:November 19,
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1600:
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1575:. Retrieved
1566:
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1352:
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1307:
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1243:
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842:. Retrieved
840:. 2020-01-04
837:
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818:February 20,
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802:
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773:. Retrieved
762:
737:February 20,
735:. Retrieved
724:
700:. Retrieved
696:
687:
666:
626:Samuel Alito
615:
606:opposed the
602:Congressman
597:
576:conservative
573:
568:
567:(2015), and
564:
560:
538:policies on
533:
529:
518:
514:Equality Act
491:
481:
479:
451:
420:
416:Piers Morgan
400:Equality Act
393:
385:
358:
346:Leslie Evans
338:
303:
272:Virgin Group
265:
251:
238:
211:
203:
192:
176:
166:Style guides
147:
115:
104:2019 by the
99:
50:
46:
42:
41:
4033:Development
3986:Gender bias
3825:Gender role
3794:Transgender
1986:12 November
1141:LGBT Health
1046:(1): 8–11.
638:transgender
604:Greg Murphy
578:think tank
454:Amul Thapar
373:transphobia
322:transgender
306:transgender
248:Terminology
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