Gender bias on Knowledge

661: 302:, then executive director of the foundation, said that increasing diversity was about making the encyclopedia "as good as it could be". Factors the article cited as possibly discouraging women from editing included the "obsessive fact-loving realm", associations with the "hard-driving hacker crowd", and the necessity to be "open to very difficult, high-conflict people, even misogynists". In 2013, the results of the survey were adjusted for non-response bias by Hill and Shaw using a propensity score estimation technique to suggest upward corrections to the data from the survey and to recommend updates to the statistics being surveyed, giving 22.7% (17.8% unadjusted) for adult US female editors and 16.1% (12.7% unadjusted) for all US female editors. 582:

Knowledge are slightly more notable than men on Knowledge, and proposed three possible explanations for future research: 1) that editors are more likely to write about their own gender, 2) that men are more likely to create articles about themselves, and 3) that external sources make women less visible. As for topical bias, biographies about women tend to focus more on family-, gender-, and relationship-related topics. This is especially true for biographies of women born before 1900. The authors also found structural differences in terms of meta-data and hyperlinks, which have consequences for information-seeking activities.

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forums". Knowledge research fellow Sarah Stierch acknowledged that it is "fairly common" for Knowledge contributors to remain gender-anonymous. A perceived unwelcoming culture and tolerance of violent and abusive language are also reasons put forth for the gender gap. According to a 2013 study, another cause of the gender gap in Knowledge is the failure to attract and retain female editors, resulting in a negative impact on Knowledge's coverage. As well, Knowledge "...editors that publicly identify as women face harassment" from other Knowledge editors.

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likely to find themselves losing the many benefits female contributors can bring to the table". Criticism refers to women's unwillingness to edit someone else's work and to let their work be edited by someone else; confidence shows that women are often not too confident about their own expertise and ability in editing and contributing to a certain work. Knowledge's free to edit policy gives users an open platform, but researchers have suggested that its competitive and critical environment can limit women's incentives to participate.

676:, numerous write-ups mentioned that she did not previously have a Knowledge page. A draft had been submitted, but was rejected for not demonstrating "significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject". A 2024 study by Khandaker Tasnim Huq and Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia on English speaking Knowledge additionally showed that deletion nominations happen 34% faster after the creation of women biographies than after the creation of men biographies. 786: 406:

Matthew A. Vetter and Keon Mandell Pettiway explain that the white, cis-gendered male dominance among Knowledge editors has led to the "erasure of non-normative gender and sexual identities", in addition to cis-gendered females. The "androcentric and heteronormative discourses" of Knowledge editing insufficiently allow "marginalized gender and sexual identities to take part in language use and the construction of knowledge".

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Robert West and Martin Gerlach showed that biographies of women are over-represented among orphan articles (articles that cannot be accessed via other articles): in English Knowledge, women represent 19% of the biographies, but also represent 29% of orphan biographies. Furthermore, the study shows that orphan articles are less visible than the others.

519:. link this culture due to a disparity in male-to-female centric topics represented and edited, the tendency for female users to be more active in the social and community aspects of Knowledge, an increased likelihood that edits by new female editors are reverted, and/or that articles with high proportions of female editors are more contentious. 364:...visible female editors on Knowledge and broader encouragement of the use of constructive feedback may begin to alleviate the Knowledge gender gap. Furthermore, the relatively high proportion of anonymous editors may exacerbate the Knowledge gender gap, as anonymity may often be perceived as male and more critical. 660: 315:, a professor of information science and linguistics, said that she was not surprised by the Knowledge contributors' gender gap. She said that the often contentious nature of Knowledge article "talk" pages, where article content is discussed, is unappealing to many women, "if not outright intimidating". 936:

Some users have tried to combat this male-dominated space by creating support groups for female Knowledge users, a prominent one being the WikiWomen's User Group. This group is used not only to promote women editing and contributing on more pages, but to also add more pages about women who contribute

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has officially held the stance, since at least 2011 when Gardner was executive director, that gender bias exists in the project. It has made some attempts to address it but Gardner has expressed frustration with the degree of success achieved. She has also noted that "in the very limited leisure time

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tend to have a higher percentage of their article devoted to the "Personal Life" section, which often focuses on the person's gender identity: "The implication that gender identity is a noteworthy trait for just these groups is possibly indicative of 'othering', where individuals are distinguished or

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After reviewing testimonies that ranged from microaggressions to direct attacks, the Knowledge Board of Trustees voted in May 2020 to adopt a more formal moderation process to fight against harassment and to uphold Knowledge's community standards. The foundation has been tasked to finish the draft of

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Comparison of results for the proportion of Knowledge readers and editors from the nationally representative Pew survey and the WMF/UNU-MERIT survey (UNU) for a series of dichotomous variables in both surveys. Adjusted numbers for editors assume that response bias for editors is identical to observed

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A 2021 study found that, in April 2017, 41% of biographies nominated for deletion were women despite only 17% of published biographies being women. The visibility and reachability of women on Knowledge is limited, with a 2015 report finding that female pages generally "tend to be more linked to men".

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Known as 'the encyclopedia anyone can edit,' Knowledge may seem like an easy place to contribute knowledge, but in reality Cassell suggests that 'to have one's words listened to on Knowledge, often one must have to debate, defend, and insist that one's point of view is the only valid one' The heavy

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have been organized to increase the coverage of women's topics in Knowledge and to encourage more women to edit Knowledge. These events are supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, which sometimes provides mentors and technology to help guide newer editors through the process. Recent edit-a-thons have

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In 2016, Wagner et al. found that gender inequality manifests itself in Knowledge's biographical content in multiple ways, including unequal thresholds for including an article on the person, topical bias, linguistic bias, and structural inequalities. The authors found that women with biographies on

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pointed out that Knowledge's female participation rate may be in line with other "public thought-leadership forums". A 2010 study revealed a Knowledge female participation rate of 13 percent, observed to be close to the 15 percent overall female participation rate of other "public thought-leadership

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In their February 2018 article, "Pipeline of Online Participation Inequalities: The Case of Knowledge Editing", Shaw and Hargittai concluded from their studies that solving the problems of participation inequality including gender bias requires a broader focus on subjects other than inequality. They

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Though early research found evidence of bias against women on Knowledge, more recent research has found a minimal amount of evidence of gender bias, and we find evidence of bias against men. While the peripheral contributors, who do most of the editing on Knowledge, initially "won" the gender bias

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was launched on the English-language version of Knowledge, focusing on the creation of new articles about notable women. Mainly through its monthly virtual editathons, Women in Red encourages editors to participate in extending Knowledge's coverage. Thanks in part to the efforts of this project, by

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A study published in 2014 found that there is also an "Internet skills gap" with regard to Knowledge editors. The authors found that the most likely Knowledge contributors are high-skilled men and that there is no gender gap among low-skilled editors, and concluded that the "skills gap" exacerbates

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A 2020 study of the coverage of Fortune 1000 CEOs found a gender bias in favour of women. The study investigated contributions from brand-new versus more established editors and found that new editors are more likely to introduce information biased against women, but that established users tend to

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of gender biases within Knowledge articles. The study found that articles about women contain more gender-specific phrases such as "female scientist" while men are referenced using more gender-neutral terms such as "scientist". The study concluded that overall gender bias is decreasing for science

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reacted similarly, saying that the combination of a "culture of hacker elitism", combined with the disproportionate effect of high-conflict members (a minority) on the community atmosphere, can make it unappealing. He said, "the ideology and rhetoric of freedom and openness can then be used (a) to

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A 2016 study led by Claudia Wagner showed that biographies of women on Knowledge in English are less visible than biographies of men and concluded that this difference is partly due to the fact that the community links articles about men better together. In 2023, a study conducted by Akhil Arora,

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In 2019, Schlomit Aharoni Lir described "the vicious circle" model, displaying how the five layers of negative reputation, anonymity, fear, alienation and rejection – enhance each other, in a manner that deters women from contributing to the website. In order for more women to join Knowledge, the

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Collier and Bear in 2012 summarized the reason for working barriers of women in Knowledge in three words: conflict, criticism and confidence. The authors suggested that "If a community tolerates a culture of conflict that males perceived to be simply 'competitive' or witty and sarcastic they are

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In 2014, Noopur Raval, a PhD candidate at UC Irvine, wrote in "The Encyclopedia Must Fail!– Notes on Queering Knowledge" that "making a platform open access does not automatically translate to equality of participation, ease of access, or cultural acceptance of the medium". In 2017, researchers

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A 2015 study found that, on the English Knowledge, the word "divorced" appears more than four times as often in biographical articles about women than men. According to the Wikimedia Foundation, "We don't fully know why, but it's likely a multitude of factors, including the widespread tendency

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concluded that the way women and men are described in articles demonstrates bias, with articles about women more likely to use more words relating to gender and family. The researchers believe that this is a sign Knowledge editors consider male the "null gender" (in other words, that "male" is

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the gender gap among editors. During 2010–14, women made up 61% of participants of the college courses arranged by the Wiki Education Foundation program that included editing Knowledge as part of the curriculum. Their contributions were found to shift the Knowledge content from pop-culture and

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said that although women are as knowledgeable as men, and as able to defend their point of view, "it is still the case in American society that debate, contention, and vigorous defense of one's position is often still seen as a male stance, and women's use of these speech styles can call forth

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In April 2011, the Wikimedia Foundation conducted its first semi-annual Knowledge survey. It suggested that 9% of Knowledge editors are women. It also reported, "Contrary to the perception of some, our data shows that very few women editors feel like they have been harassed, and very few feel

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called Knowledge's gender imbalance a "non-problem in search of a misguided solution". Mac Donald asserted, "The most straightforward explanation for the differing rates of participation in Knowledge—and the one that conforms to everyday experience—is that, on average, males and females have

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infrastructure of Knowledge". People who are equipped with this expertise and skill are considered more likely to reach positions with power in Knowledge. These are proposed to be predominantly men. Further, in examining Knowledge's detailed policy system, the researchers conclude that its

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how men remove Knowledge pages about women leaders. "I wrote a Knowledge article about a woman gallerist and the next day, I got a message saying it was deleted because she is not a 'noteworthy person', but someone in our community gave me advice on how to edit it to make the page stay".

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people. Those who identify as being part of the community are typically subjected to harassment if their identities are made public. For example, an administrator on a Knowledge page blocked an editor, merely because the person's username implied they were a part of the LGBT community.

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tug-of-war, as evidenced by early reports of gender bias on Knowledge, efforts by the core to return to a state of neutrality pushed the community away from bias against women. Over time, central contributors have overcorrected to the point where bias against men is becoming an issue.

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recommended a focus on encouraging participants of all educational backgrounds, skill levels, and age groups will help Knowledge to improve. They recommended further that informing more women that Knowledge is free to edit and open to everyone is critical in eliminating gender bias.

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artificial intelligence model that will be able to create Knowledge-style biographical rough drafts that "will one day help Knowledge editors create many thousands of accurate, compelling biography entries for important people who are currently not on the site", including women.

893:" In 2011, the Foundation set a target of having 25 percent of its contributors identifying as female by 2015. In August 2013, Gardner said, "I didn't solve it. We didn't solve it. The Wikimedia Foundation didn't solve it. The solution won't come from the Wikimedia Foundation." 768:

In 2022 study, it was found that scholarly articles by men are more likely to be cited than those by women. Furthermore, publications with women as the main authors are significantly less likely to be referenced on Knowledge. An explanation for this offered by the authors is

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Some gender research literature suggests that the difference in contribution rates could be due to three factors: (1) the high levels of conflict in discussions, (2) dislike of critical environments, and (3) lack of confidence in editing other contributors' work.

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allows the gender analysis to be taken to a further level. It looks at three issues within the infrastructure: content policies, software, and the legalistic framework of operation. It suggests that progress can be made through altering that culture of

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Schmahl, Katja Geertruida; Viering, Tom Julian; Makrodimitris, Stavros; Naseri Jahfari, Arman; Tax, David; Loog, Marco (2020). "Is Knowledge succeeding in reducing gender bias? Assessing changes in gender bias in Knowledge using word embeddings".

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Knowledge is a sexualized environment". However, an October 2011 paper at the International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration found evidence that suggested that Knowledge may have "a culture that may be resistant to female participation".

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Of the 1,960,452 biographical articles on the English Knowledge in September 2023, only 385,236 or 19.65% were about women. The biographies that do exist are considerably more likely to be nominated for deletion than existing articles of men.

652:, which covers 50,479 biographies, has 5,999 of them about women, about 11.88%. The study compared the figure to the 18.22% of biographies across Wikimedia projects that were of women, citing 2021 data. A 2011 study by researchers from the 538:

this plan by the end of 2020, and it will include banning users who participate in gender harassment, providing support and communities for all gender identities, putting more resources into the Trust and Safety Team, and more.

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and three other universities found that articles edited by women, "which presumably were more likely to be of interest to women", were "significantly shorter" on average than those worked on by men or by both men and women.

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and article subjects (although the English Knowledge has almost 400,000 encyclopedic biographies about women, men have about four times that), as well as lesser coverage of and topics primarily of interest to women.

2451:"How Does Political Knowledge Stay Apolitical?: The seventh-most visited site is one of the first online listings for any elected official—but how does a site that stakes its reputation on neutrality walk that line" 972: 594:

In the English Knowledge and five other language editions that were studied by researchers, the ratio of articles about women to articles about men was higher than in three other databases. However, analysis with

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Though the proportion of female readership to male readership on Knowledge is roughly equal (47%), women are less likely to convert themselves to editors (16%). Several studies suggest that there may be a formed

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complexity and legal underpinnings grant some users substantial influence in content debates. This dominance can marginalize those not versed in these details, particularly deterring women and new participants.

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A side-by-side comparison of the portion of available biographies about women on Knowledge versus the portion of women biographies nominated for deletion from January 2017 to February 2020, Francesca Tripodi

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An example of a direct account of gender bias comes from Knowledge user Lightbreather, where she recounts having pornographic images linked to her username as a way to discredit her Knowledge contributions.

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A 2017 study found that women participating in an experiment by editing a Knowledge-like site tended to view other editors as male, and to view their responses as more critical than if the other editor was

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published research by Reagle and Lauren Rhue that examined the coverage, gender representation, and article length of thousands of biographical subjects on the English-language Knowledge and the online

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The first study of world-wide presence in 2008 found that 13% of all editors were female, which, after a follow-up study in 2011, was reduced to 9% globally. In the United States, especially within the

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is more balanced in whom it neglects to cover than Knowledge. For both reference works, article length did not consistently differ by gender. A 2023 study using Wikidata to measure content found that

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Studies have also considered the gender bias in Knowledge from a historical perspective. Konieczny and Klein indicated that Knowledge is just a part of our biased society which has a long history of

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women had, they tended to be more involved in social activities instead of editing Knowledge. 'Women see technology more as a tool they use to accomplish tasks, rather than something fun in itself.

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Knowledge has been criticized by some academics and journalists for having primarily male contributors, and for having fewer and less extensive articles about women or topics important to women.

773:, which is the idea that people prefer other people or work similar to their own. This may explain the citation bias as Knowledge editors are mainly male, so they may prefer publications by men. 545:

Through examining the power infrastructure of Knowledge, Ford and Wajcman pointed out another cause that may reinforce Knowledge's gender bias. Editing on Knowledge requires "particular forms of

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which have similar biases. She agreed that Knowledge's editing process introduces biases of its own, especially as topics that are popular among its predominantly male editors draw more edits.

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suppress concerns about inappropriate or offensive speech as 'censorship' and (b) to rationalize low female participation as simply a matter of their personal preference and choice".

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According to a 2021 study by sociologist Francesca Tripodi, biographies on Knowledge about women are disproportionately nominated for deletion as non-notable. In October 2018, when

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While most attention falls on the gap between biographies of men and women on Knowledge, some research also focuses on linguistics and differences in topics covered. In 2020, the

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researcher offers the implantation of a "Virtuous Circle" that consists of nonymity, connection to social media, inclusionist policy, soft deletion and red-flagging harassments.

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Expanding beyond the male/female gender binary, Wikiproject LGBT creates a space for "re/writing the inclusion and representation of LGBTQ culture into Knowledge mainspace".

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Konieczny, Piotr; Klein, Maximilian (December 2018). "Gender gap through time and space: A journey through Knowledge biographies via the Wikidata Human Gender Indicator".

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observes that research on the gender bias continues to frame the problem as a deficit in women. In contrast, their central argument states that infrastructure studies in

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In 2009, a Wikimedia Foundation survey revealed that 6% of editors who made more than 500 edits were female, with the average male editor having twice as many edits.

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In 2013, FemTechNet launched "Wikistorming" as a project that offers feminist scholarship and encourages Knowledge editing as part of school and college teaching.

632:(as at June 2010). They concluded that Knowledge provided better coverage and longer articles in general, that Knowledge typically has more articles on women than 3927: 6208: 1804:

Hargittai, Eszter; Shaw, Aaron (4 November 2014). "Mind the skills gap: the role of Internet know-how and gender in differentiated contributions to Knowledge".

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project was launched with the goal to provide a user-friendly environment for newcomers, with a particular goal of boosting women's participation in Knowledge.

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Wagner, Claudia; Graells-Garrido, Eduardo; Garcia, David; Menczer, Filippo (1 March 2016). "Women through the glass ceiling: gender asymmetries in Knowledge".

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Wagner, Claudia; Garcia, David; Jadidi, Mohsen; Strohmaier, Markus (2015). "It's a Man's Knowledge? Assessing Gender Inequality in an Online Encyclopedia".

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Thanks to a Wikimedia Foundation grant, in March 2021 an alpha version of Humaniki was released, providing a wide variety of gender gap statistics based on

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Language that is considered sexist, loaded, or otherwise gendered has been identified in articles about women. Gender bias features among the most frequent

5263: 5138: 5103: 2394: 1840: 1634: 47: 6059: 5363: 5336: 4157: 2792: 2417: 841:'s plans for "doubling down" on the gender content gap at Knowledge. Wales said the Foundation would be open to more outreach and more software changes. 2315: 1386: 6352: 6147: 5661: 5614: 5113: 4984: 4804: 2991: 1531: 857: 717: 611: 138:

response bias for readers and, in the rightmost column, that bias is stable for editors outside the United States. Table reproduced from this source.

3794: 561:. As Knowledge records daily activities by individual editors, it serves as both "a reflection of the world" and "a tool used to produce our world". 6152: 3994: 733:

overcompensate when reacting to these edits. Articles written by a more diverse group of new and established editors were found to be most neutral.

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Young, Amber; Wigdor, Ariel; Kane, Gerald (2020). "The Gender Bias Tug-of-War in a Co-creation Community: Core-Periphery Tension on Knowledge".

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Field, Anjalie; Park, Chan Young; Lin, Kevin Z.; Tsvetkov, Yulia (9 February 2022). "Controlled Analyses of Social Biases in Knowledge Bios".

1696: 6301: 6064: 4633: 3865: 3664: 3188: 2699: 2552: 2243: 1437: 5457: 3971: 2334:"Recent research — Napoleon, Michael Jackson and Srebrenica across cultures, 90% of Knowledge better than Britannica, WikiSym preview" 968: 756:

in 2015, when their self-declared pronouns were vandalized and reverted to their previous pronouns. A 2021 study found that articles about

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through encouraging alternate knowledge, reducing the technical barriers to editing, and addressing the complexity of Knowledge policies.

4191: 2509: 1787: 748:, they are commonly subjected to discrimination and their pronouns are then put up for debate. Notable examples of these debates include 6193: 5690: 5666: 5582: 5519: 3344: 3167:

Lam, Shyong (Tony) K.; Uduwage, Anuradha; Dong, Zhenhua; Sen, Shilad; Musicant, David R.; Terveen, Loren; Riedl, John (3 October 2011).

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Lam, Shyong (Tony) K.; Uduwage, Anuradha; Dong, Zhenhua; Sen, Shilad; Musicant, David R.; Terveen, Loren; Riedl, John (3 October 2011).

1114: 2090: 6186: 4708: 4245: 3502:"Is Knowledge succeeding in reducing gender bias? Assessing changes in gender bias in Knowledge using word embeddings - ACL Anthology" 2974: 2023:

Shaw, Aaron; Hargittai, Eszter (1 February 2018). "The Pipeline of Online Participation Inequalities: The Case of Knowledge Editing".

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has created more than 1,700 Knowledge entries on women scientists since 2017, as many women whose contributions have gone unnoticed.

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editorial, is that it has difficulty making judgments about "what matters". To illustrate this point they noted that the page

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projects, 90% of 3,734 respondents reported their gender as male, 8.8% as female, and 1% as other; among contributors to the

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essay about Knowledge entitled "Know It All". The Knowledge article about her was created the very same day. According to

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many years previous. Her essay and the article about her are now featured in the Wikiproject to counter systemic bias.

6396: 6198: 5991: 5700: 5544: 4413: 4388: 2995: 1930: 1017: 960: 4672:"Knowledge's shame: Sexism isn't the problem at the online encyclopedia. The real corruption is the lust for revenge" 4414:"NSF Award Search: Award # 1322934 - Collaborative Research: Knowledge and the Democratization of Academic Knowledge" 4389:"NSF Award Search: Award # 1322971 - Collaborative Research: Knowledge and the Democratization of Academic Knowledge" 4748: 1603: 5549: 5326: 5173: 1067: 933:

An early-2015 initiative to create a "women-only" space for Knowledge editors was strongly opposed by Wikipedians.

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in absolute terms, but Knowledge articles on women were more likely to be missing than articles on men relative to

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of Wikimedia Foundation, said her team's working assumption was that women make up 15–20% of total contributors.

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announced that the encyclopedia had failed to reach its goal to retain 25% female editorship. Programs such as

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labeled as not fitting a societal norm, which often occurs in the context of gender or sexual orientation".

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followed up with a series of opinions on the subject under the banner, "Where Are the Women in Knowledge?".

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as a significant challenge in being an editor on Knowledge. In the study, community health was defined as

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Akhil Arora; Robert West; Martin Gerlach (6 June 2023). "Orphan Articles: The Dark Matter of Knowledge".

1926:"Examining potential mechanisms underlying the Knowledge gender gap through a collaborative editing task" 1326:

Wagner, Claudia (2015). "It's a Man's Knowledge? Assessing Gender Inequality in an Online Encyclopedia".

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Edwards, Jennifer C. (2015). "Wiki Women: Bringing Women into Knowledge through Activism and Pedagogy".

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Edwards, Jennifer C. (2015). "Wiki Women: Bringing Women into Knowledge through Activism and Pedagogy".

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notes that many Knowledge pages that refer to men's teams or occupations are listed as gender neutral (

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given specific focus to topics such as Australian female neuroscientists and women in Jewish history.

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Qaiser, Farah; Zaringhalam, Maryam; Bernardi, Francesca; Wade, Jess; Pinckney, Emily (23 May 2022).

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Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science

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put a funding of $ 500,000 in building a more encouraging environment for diversity on Knowledge.

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Yasseri, Taha; Liao, Han-Teng; Konieczny, Piotr; Morgan, Jonathan; Bayer, Tilman (31 July 2013).

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levels of conflict within Knowledge may lead to a gender contribution gap for several reasons.

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are committed to promoting editors' contribution on gender and women studies, which include "

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provided nine reasons, offered by female Knowledge editors, "Why Women Don't Edit Knowledge".

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have been developed to encourage female editors and increase the coverage of women's topics.

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collaboration, which indicated that fewer than 13% of contributors to Knowledge are women.

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in biographical coverage, but more so when it comes to men. Similarly, one might say that

550: 534:, a general lack of support for gender equity work and a lack of diversity in leadership. 506:

Fewer opportunities for social relationships and a welcoming tone compared to other sites.

470: 341: 321: 78: 3314:"Nobel physics prize winners include first female laureate for 55 years – as it happened" 1925: 729:

throughout history to describe the lives of women through their relationships with men".

4622:

Kloppenburg, Julia; Buchem, Ilona; Ducki, Antje; Khayati, Sarah; Weichert, Nils (2014).

4510: 2228:

Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work - CSCW '12

1488: 17: 6316: 6285: 6049: 5971: 5961: 5951: 5758: 5378: 5305: 5295: 1507: 1472: 1035: 753: 721: 696: 456: 357: 4362: 4338:"I've Made More Than 1,700 Knowledge Entries on Women Scientists and I'm Not Yet Done" 3214:"Canadian Nobel scientist's deletion from Knowledge points to wider bias, study finds" 2952: 2679: 2532: 785: 6494: 6447: 6165: 5996: 5966: 5941: 5916: 5753: 5233: 5047: 4910: 3727: 3713: 3674: 3619: 3523: 3501: 3266: 3175:. WikiSym '11. New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–10. 2746:"'Anyone can edit', not everyone does: Knowledge's infrastructure and the gender gap" 2613: 2492: 2488: 2367: 2086: 1825: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1419: 1309: 856:), while pages for similar teams or occupations for women are specifically gendered ( 316: 312: 4918:

Vitulli, Marie A. (20 October 2017). "Writing Women in Mathematics into Knowledge".

4838: 4671: 4141:. Proc. CSCW '13, 23–27 February 2013, San Antonio, Texas, USA. 2013. Archived from 3506:

ACL Member Portal | The Association for Computational Linguistics Member Portal

3198: 2849: 2788: 2709: 2562: 2253: 2002: 1447: 1020:

announced that it would spend $ 200,000 to study systemic gender bias on Knowledge.

910:-style editing on Knowledge, is said to be aimed in part at closing the gender gap. 32: 6069: 5976: 5802: 5781: 5258: 5133: 4775: 4091: 3555: 3549:. Stroudsburg, PA, US: Association for Computational Linguistics. pp. 94–103. 3514: 3019:"Computational Linguistics Reveals How Knowledge Articles Are Biased Against Women" 2960: 2487:

Lam, Shyong K.; Uduwage, Anuradha; Dong, Zhenhua; Sen, Shilad; Musicant, David R.;

2458: 1760:

Lam, Shyong K.; Uduwage, Anuradha; Dong, Zhenhua; Sen, Shilad; Musicant, David R.;

1356: 987: 948: 903: 688: 680: 606: 601: 443:

cited nine reasons why women do not edit Knowledge, culled from comments by female

373: 369: 109: 3611: 1873: 1349:"This physicist has written over 500 biographies of women scientists on Knowledge" 725:

and family oriented articles, while increasing for artistic and creative content.

3963: 1817: 1497: 863:

In 2022, Knowledge was seen as "reflecting the biases of its community editors."

526:

In Wikimedia's Gender Equity Report in 2018, 14% of interviewees identified poor

6001: 5906: 5828: 5818: 5797: 5208: 5067: 5062: 5026: 3949: 3840: 3741: 2140: 956: 926: 834: 757: 745: 440: 419: 299: 105: 101: 62: 4902: 3894: 3124: 3110:

Gonzalez Larrañaga, Galder; Perez de Viñaspre Garralda, Olatz (16 March 2023).

6437: 6321: 5770: 5022: 3249: 3232: 3173:

Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration

2894:"Knowledge Isn't Officially a Social Network. But the Harassment Can Get Ugly" 1943: 1300: 1283: 741: 531: 43: 4451: 4288: 3882: 3825: 3258: 2905: 2841: 2833: 2772: 2764: 2684:

Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work

2605: 2537:

Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work

2226:

Collier, Benjamin; Bear, Julia (2012). "Conflict, criticism, or confidence".

2136: 2044: 1986: 1261: 1171: 290:

jointly presented an overview of the results of a global Knowledge survey. A

5838: 5743: 5680: 5591: 4296: 3690:"Gender and country biases in Knowledge citations to scholarly publications" 3656: 3180: 2691: 2590:"Strangers in a seemingly open-to-all website: the gender bias in Knowledge" 2544: 2343: 2235: 1783: 1730: 1429: 1387:"This is why I've written 500 biographies of female scientists on Knowledge" 1382: 1002: 917:. The stats are automatically updated as new information is made available. 770: 737: 463: 287: 58: 4312:"Knowledge's forgotten women: inside the editing marathon to fix imbalance" 3345:"Female Nobel prize winner deemed not important enough for Knowledge entry" 2780: 2167:"Hacking Hetero/Normative Logics: Queer Feminist Media Praxis in Knowledge" 1994: 1516: 952:

June 2018 some 17,000 new women's biographies had been added to Knowledge.

499:

Being addressed as male is off-putting to women whose primary language has

69:

In a 2018 survey covering 12 language versions of Knowledge and some other

3281:"The Nobel prize winning scientist who wasn't famous enough for Knowledge" 3168: 6326: 6074: 4135:"Tea & Sympathy: Crafting Positive New User Experiences on Knowledge" 2418:"Tea & Sympathy: Crafting Positive New User Experiences on Knowledge" 2036: 914: 490: 486:

Belief that their contributions are too likely to be reverted or deleted.

4545: 4459: 6342: 6311: 6306: 6037: 4158:"Women in science on Knowledge: will we ever fill the information gap?" 4109: 907: 875:

Attendees at the 2013 Women in the Arts edit-a-thon in Washington, D.C.

512: 402:, "The percentage of women editors on Knowledge remains dismally low". 3705: 5763: 5248: 5042: 4924: 4689:"Does Knowledge's sexism problem really prove that the system works?" 4142: 3964:"2016-2017 Fundraising Report - Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki" 2128: 2078: 830:

different interests and preferred ways of spending their free time".

691:, she was apparently not notable by Knowledge standards, despite the 4582:"Sexism on Knowledge Is Not the Work of 'a Single Misguided Editor'" 3883:"How academic institutions can help to close Knowledge's gender gap" 3689: 2589: 1971:"'Anyone can edit', not everyone does: Knowledge and the gender gap" 1115:"Knowledge Monument in Słubice, Poland Celebrates First Anniversary" 4939: 4625:

Charting Diversity: Working Together Towards Diversity in Knowledge

4215:"Knowledge editing marathons add women's voices to online resource" 3647: 3486: 2992:"Why it's so hard for biographies about women to stay on Knowledge" 2943: 1924:

Shane-Simpson, Christina; Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen (January 2017).

1332: 6362: 6032: 5008: 4962: 4955: 4561:"A Growing Army of Women Are Taking on Knowledge's Sexism Problem" 3233:"Ms. Categorized: Gender, notability, and inequality on Knowledge" 2686:. CSCW '12. Seattle, Washington, US: ACM Press. pp. 383–392. 2539:. CSCW '12. Seattle, Washington, US: ACM Press. pp. 383–392. 2300:

Statistics based on Wikimedia Foundation Knowledge editor surveys

1970: 1284:"Ms. Categorized: Gender, notability, and inequality on Knowledge" 870: 659: 413: 31: 4832:"Monitoring the Gender Gap with Wikidata Human Gender Indicators" 4652:"Chipping away at Knowledge's gender bias, one article at a time" 3694:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

2977:

19.650% - 1,960,452 biogs, 385,236 women, as at 18 September 2023

2654:"Wikimedia is writing new policies to fight Knowledge harassment" 2505: 2416:

Jonathan T. Morgan; Siko Bouterse; Sarah Stierch; Heather Walls.

2205:"Nine Reasons Why Women Don't Edit Knowledge, In Their Own Words" 1775: 1471:

Hill, Benjamin Mako; Shaw, Aaron; Sánchez, Angel (26 June 2013).

5077: 5017: 569: 5564: 4966: 4803:

Glott, Ruediger; Schmidt, Philipp; Ghosh, Rishab (March 2010).

3858:

Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men

3374:

Khandaker Tasnim Huq; Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia (20 June 2024).

1530:

Glott, Ruediger; Schmidt, Philipp; Ghosh, Rishab (March 2010).

906:, a project funded by the Wikimedia Foundation that allows for 846:

Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men

5461: 5013: 5004: 3836: 780: 736:

Gender bias harassment also goes beyond those who identify as

82: 4275:

Kennedy, K. (2017). "Why women should be editing Knowledge".

3688:

Zheng, Xiang; Chen, Jiajing; Yan, Erjia; Ni, Chaoqun (2023).

2363:"The women of Knowledge: Closing the site's giant gender gap" 1138:

As of June 2024. For up-to-date exact numbers, see para 2 at

5560: 4475:"Meta researcher using AI to address Knowledge's gender gap" 3795:"Knowledge Is Male-Dominated. That Doesn't Mean It's Sexist" 3087:. Joseph Reagle & Lauren Rhue: 1138–1158. Archived from 2498:

WP:Clubhouse? An Exploration of Knowledge's Gender Imbalance

1771:

WP:Clubhouse? An Exploration of Knowledge's Gender Imbalance

1421:

WP:Clubhouse? An Exploration of Knowledge's Gender Imbalance

515:

in Knowledge that discourages women from participating. Lam

2117:"The Encyclopedia Must Fail! – Notes on Queering Knowledge" 4859:"How to Edit Knowledge: Lessons from a Female Contributor" 3995:"Kate Middleton's wedding gown and Knowledge's gender gap" 1874:"Meet the Editors Fighting Racism and Sexism on Knowledge" 973:

WikiProject countering systemic bias/gender gap task force

496:

Knowledge culture is sexual in ways they find off-putting.

130:, a 2015 study found that 15% of contributors were women. 4884:"Gender Inequality in New Media: Evidence from Knowledge" 1574:"Define Gender Gap? Look Up Knowledge's Contributor List" 604:). Another critique of Knowledge's approach, from a 2014 549:

expertise and authority that constitute the knowledge or

4729:"Sexism on Knowledge: Why the #YesAllWomen Edits Matter" 61:, particularly the overrepresentation of men among both 4025:"Humaniki March Update: Public Launch of Alpha Release" 3732:""Free as in sexist?": Free culture and the gender gap" 797: 6385:

The Iraq War: A Historiography of Knowledge Changelogs

5109:

Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender

2395:"In UK, rising chorus of outrage over online misogyny" 1250:"Making the edit: why we need more women in Knowledge" 93:, sometimes as part of a more general criticism about 27:

Gender gap problem in Knowledge and Wikimedia projects

3826:

Knowledge 'completely failed' to fix gender imbalance

2628:"Gender equity report 2018/Barriers to equity - Meta" 3572:"Knowledge is a mirror of the world's gender biases" 3376:"Gender Gap in Knowledge: Are Women Vanishing Soon?" 2165:

Matthew, Vetter; Pettiway, Keon (20 November 2018).

1907:"Knowledge is a mirror of the world's gender biases" 1224:"Community Insights/2018 Report/Contributors - Meta" 6376: 6335: 6294: 6251: 6221: 6174: 6108: 6019: 5883: 5847: 5811: 5723: 5598: 5532: 5507: 5486: 5479: 5440: 5349: 5314: 5288: 5281: 5156: 5147: 5086: 5035: 4830:Klein, Maximilian; et al. (10 February 2015). 2121:

Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology

4246:"Why we need to close Knowledge's gender page gap" 2973:The figures are updated weekly (from WikiData) at 600:assumed unless otherwise specified, an example of 5337:International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) 3764:"Joseph Reagle on the gender gap in geek culture" 3452:"Knowledge:WikiProject Countering systemic bias" 3052:"The Guardian view on Knowledge: evolving truth" 2990:Adams, Kimberly; Alvardo, Jesus (27 July 2021). 2198: 2196: 4891:Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2482: 2480: 479:and an unwillingness to participate in lengthy 439:Former Wikimedia Foundation executive director 418:Former Wikimedia Foundation executive director 362: 57:includes various gender-related disparities on 4190:. Royal Society of Chemistry. 21 August 2017. 4048:"Closing Knowledge's Gender Gap – Reluctantly" 3913: 3911: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 5576: 4978: 4563:. Business insider. Retrieved 29 August 2022. 3116:Uztaro. Giza Eta Gizarte-zientzien Aldizkaria 2060:"Writing Women in Mathematics into Knowledge" 344:, Gardner's successor as the director of the 46:, features both male and female editors. The 8: 4837:. Cornell University Library. Archived from 2744:Ford, Heather; Wajcman, Judy (August 2017). 2067:Notices of the American Mathematical Society 825:in 2011, conservative political commentator 740:on Knowledge. For example, when celebrities 399:Notices of the American Mathematical Society 5139:Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns 5104:Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns 4765:- Introduction and links to eight opinions. 4569:"Knowledge's Sexism Toward Women Novelists" 6461: 6025: 5731: 5583: 5569: 5561: 5483: 5437: 5285: 5278: 5153: 4985: 4971: 4963: 3639:Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022 1088:"Knowledge monument to be built in Poland" 135: 5458:Equality and Human Rights Commission (UK) 5114:Gender neutrality in genderless languages 4938: 4923: 3646: 3600:Journal of Management Information Systems 3554: 3513: 3485: 3248: 3123: 2942: 1506: 1496: 1331: 1299: 981:In 2018, one edit-a-thon organizer named 718:Association for Computational Linguistics 3843:, 8 August 2014; starting at 45 seconds. 1841:"Knowledge grows up on college campuses" 1806:Information, Communication & Society 1635:"Communication Styles Make a Difference" 1153: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1001:magazine detailed how British scientist 337:towards social sciences and humanities. 6403:People imprisoned for editing Knowledge 6161:United States congressional staff edits 4188:"Improving gender balance on Knowledge" 3793:Mac Donald, Heather (9 February 2011). 2985: 2983: 2678:Collier, Benjamin; Bear, Julia (2012). 2531:Collier, Benjamin; Bear, Julia (2012). 1719:"Knowledge Editors Study: Results From 1466: 1464: 1079: 947:In the summer of 2015, the WikiProject 5229:Gender inequality in the United States 3920:"Knowledge fails to bridge gender gap" 3395: 3384: 3212:Selvarajah, Manjula (19 August 2021). 3081:International Journal of Communication 3029:from the original on 27 September 2017 2887: 2885: 2815: 2813: 2798:from the original on 19 September 2018 2526: 2524: 2522: 2423:. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from 2018: 2016: 2009:from the original on 28 December 2016. 1707:from the original on 27 February 2017. 1113:Ronson, Jacqueline (22 October 2015). 858:England women's national football team 624:International Journal of Communication 6065:Hillsborough disaster Knowledge posts 4363:"feminist wiki-storming – FemTechNet" 4060:from the original on 2 September 2014 3930:from the original on 15 January 2016. 3475: 3473: 3324:from the original on 26 February 2019 3071:Reagle, Joseph; Rhue, Lauren (2011). 2924: 2922: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2515:from the original on 29 October 2013. 2449:Montellaro, Zach (18 November 2015). 2160: 2158: 1969:Ford, Heather; Wajcman, Judy (2017). 1886:from the original on 14 November 2015 1793:from the original on 29 October 2013. 1741:from the original on 26 December 2014 1664:Reagle, Joseph M. (4 February 2011). 1633:Herring, Susan C. (4 February 2011). 1160:"Why Do So Few Women Edit Knowledge?" 1034:In 2022, Angela Fan, a researcher at 833:In August 2014, Knowledge co-founder 568:Harassment, however, also exists for 7: 6123:Carlos Bandeirense Mirandópolis hoax 6093:on the Arabic and Persian Wikipedias 4805:"Knowledge Survey: Overview Results" 4580:Filipacchi, Amanda (30 April 2013). 4567:Filipacchi, Amanda (24 April 2013). 4194:from the original on 12 October 2017 4168:from the original on 8 November 2017 4005:from the original on 3 December 2014 3570:Maher, Katherine (18 October 2018). 3017:Emerging Technology from the arXiv. 2680:"Conflict, criticism, or confidence" 2533:"Conflict, criticism, or confidence" 2181:from the original on 14 October 2019 1950:from the original on 4 November 2018 1905:Maher, Katherine (18 October 2018). 1695:Cassell, Justine (4 February 2011). 1584:from the original on 3 February 2011 1532:"Knowledge Survey: Overview Results" 1321: 1319: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1027:, history department chairperson at 50:for the sculpture featured only men. 4771:"How Knowledge Is Hostile to Women" 4749:"Where Are the Women in Knowledge?" 4256:from the original on 16 August 2018 4225:from the original on 16 August 2018 3807:from the original on 7 January 2015 3355:from the original on 3 October 2018 3293:from the original on 3 October 2018 2465:from the original on 21 August 2017 1604:"Where Are the Women in Knowledge?" 1457:from the original on 18 April 2015. 614:was better organized than the page 121:Efforts to measure gender disparity 4213:Gordon, Maggie (9 November 2017). 3770:. 26 February 2013. Archived from 3432:Noah, Timothy (24 February 2007). 2975:Knowledge:WikiProject Women in Red 2716:from the original on 25 March 2019 2569:from the original on 25 March 2019 2350:from the original on 17 June 2015. 2215:from the original on 18 July 2015. 1839:Bruce Maiman (23 September 2014). 1363:from the original on 4 August 2019 1248:Balch, Oliver (28 November 2019). 1140:Knowledge:WikiProject Women in Red 25: 4727:Zevallos, Zuleyka (8 June 2014). 4670:Leonard, Andrew (29 April 2013). 4650:Knibbs, Kate (10 February 2014). 4628:. Berlin: Wikimedia Deutschland. 4369:from the original on 1 April 2019 4080:How Knowledge Is Hostile to Women 3974:from the original on 1 April 2019 3139:Simonite, Tom (22 October 2013). 2594:Equality, Diversity and Inclusion 2405:from the original on 4 July 2015. 2279:from the original on 21 June 2015 2203:Gardner, Sue (19 February 2011). 2096:from the original on 3 March 2018 1676:from the original on 15 July 2014 1666:"'Open' Doesn't Include Everyone" 1645:from the original on 24 July 2014 1614:from the original on 15 July 2014 837:announced in a BBC interview the 489:Some find its overall atmosphere 6473: 6472: 6460: 5691:Predictions of the project's end 5332:Gender-related Development Index 5179:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 4769:Paling, Emma (21 October 2015). 4503: 4336:Khan, Arman (18 November 2022). 3343:Leyland Cecco (3 October 2018). 3312:Davis, Nicola (2 October 2018). 2865:"Knowledge's Hostility to Women" 2863:Paling, Emma (21 October 2015). 2361:Sampson, Tim (24 January 2013). 2058:Vitulli, Marie A. (March 2018). 1697:"Editing Wars Behind the Scenes" 1399:from the original on 20 May 2019 784: 6148:Seigenthaler biography incident 4707:Zandt, Deanna (26 April 2013). 4601:Gleick, James (29 April 2013). 4559:Bort, Julie (15 February 2014) 4156:Redden, Molly (19 March 2016). 4110:"WikiWomen's User Group - Meta" 3918:Huang, Keira (11 August 2013). 2953:10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0066-4 1572:Cohen, Noam (30 January 2011). 640:. That is, Knowledge dominated 4882:Hinnosaar, Marit (July 2019). 4310:Sayej, Nadja (15 March 2018). 3413:Schiff, Stacy (24 July 2006). 3073:"Gender Bias in Knowledge and 2892:Jacobs, Julia (8 April 2019). 2652:Robertson, Adi (25 May 2020). 2588:Lir, Scholmit Aharoni (2019). 1197:Kleeman, Jenny (26 May 2016). 1158:Torres, Nicole (2 June 2016). 1058:Geographical bias on Knowledge 867:Efforts to address gender bias 854:England national football team 612:listing pornographic actresses 100:In 2015, Knowledge co-founder 1: 6079:Wikimedia Foundation actions 4046:Stoeffel (11 February 2014). 3993:Bosch, Torie (13 July 2012). 3612:10.1080/07421222.2020.1831773 2399:The Christian Science Monitor 1721:The Editor Survey, April 2011 1063:Second-generation gender bias 586:Article creation and deletion 392:In March 2018, mathematician 6443:List of online encyclopedias 6428:Knowledge for World Heritage 6204:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5834:WikiConference North America 5662:deletionism and inclusionism 5615:Conflict-of-interest editing 5129:Gender marking in job titles 5119:Gender neutrality in English 4687:Morris, Kevin (1 May 2013). 4473:Fried, Ina (30 March 2022). 4244:Khan, Sadiq (12 June 2018). 3556:10.18653/v1/2020.nlpcss-1.11 3515:10.18653/v1/2020.nlpcss-1.11 3508:: 94–103. 11 February 2021. 1818:10.1080/1369118X.2014.957711 1498:10.1371/journal.pone.0065782 360:. The study concluded that: 116:Gender bias in participation 6397:Magna Carta (An Embroidery) 6209:Russian invasion of Ukraine 5992:Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight 5620:political editing incidents 5545:Gender in Bible translation 4603:"Knowledge's Women Problem" 3948:. Fall 2013. Archived from 3231:Tripodi, Francesca (2021). 2311:(Nov. 2010-April 2011) and 2267:Andrew Lih (20 June 2015). 1931:Computers in Human Behavior 1282:Tripodi, Francesca (2021). 1018:National Science Foundation 6532: 5550:God and gender in Hinduism 5432:United States (employment) 5327:Gender Empowerment Measure 5174:Causes of mental disorders 4903:10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.020 4709:"Yes, Knowledge is Sexist" 4027:. Wikimedia. 15 March 2021 3895:10.1038/d41586-022-01456-x 3141:"The Decline of Knowledge" 3125:10.26876/uztaro.124.2023.2 1068:Systemic bias in Knowledge 969:WikiProject gender studies 95:systemic bias in Knowledge 6456: 6055:Internet Watch Foundation 6028: 5734: 5441:Promotion and enforcement 5000: 3250:10.1177/14614448211023772 2753:Social Studies of Science 1975:Social Studies of Science 1944:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.043 1301:10.1177/14614448211023772 597:computational linguistics 284:United Nations University 257: 234: 211: 188: 165: 160: 157: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 6083:on the Chinese Knowledge 5520:Women's studies journals 5499:Suicide among LGBT youth 5494:Gender studies academics 5214:Gender bias on Knowledge 4607:New York Review of Books 4588:. Atlantic Monthly Group 4521:Gender bias on Knowledge 3968:foundation.wikimedia.org 3924:South China Morning Post 3831:29 December 2016 at the 3434:"Evicted from Knowledge" 3058:12 November 2016 at the 2834:10.1177/1461444818779080 2765:10.1177/0306312717692172 2606:10.1108/EDI-10-2018-0198 2269:"Can Knowledge Survive?" 2025:Journal of Communication 1987:10.1177/0306312717692172 1053:Racial bias on Knowledge 55:Gender bias on Knowledge 18:Gender Bias on Knowledge 6154:Star Trek Into Darkness 5793:Wikipedian in residence 5515:Gender studies journals 5453:Anti-discrimination law 5219:Gender-equality paradox 5204:Gender-related violence 5094:Gender-neutral language 4277:Women's Studies Journal 4097:(subscription required) 4085:21 October 2015 at the 3657:10.1145/3485447.3512134 3237:New Media & Society 3181:10.1145/2038558.2038560 2822:New Media & Society 2692:10.1145/2145204.2145265 2545:10.1145/2145204.2145265 2236:10.1145/2145204.2145265 1784:10.1145/2038558.2038560 1430:10.1145/2038558.2038560 1288:New Media & Society 1164:Harvard Business Review 995:In 2022, an article in 654:University of Minnesota 630:Encyclopædia Britannica 325:negative evaluations". 91:criticisms of Knowledge 6501:Criticism of Knowledge 5788:Wikimedian of the Year 5322:Gender and development 5194:Educational inequality 3860:. Abrams. p. 13. 3854:Perez, Caroline Criado 3641:. pp. 2624–2635. 3394:Cite journal requires 2322:(April – October 2011) 2115:Noopur, Raval (2014). 876: 674:Nobel Prize in Physics 665: 577:Gender bias in content 423: 378:feminist technoscience 366: 63:volunteer contributors 51: 6516:Knowledge reliability 5749:Arbitration Committee 5239:List of global issues 4857:Tripp, Dawn Leonard. 3146:MIT Technology Review 3023:MIT Technology Review 1347:Curtis, Cara (2019). 937:to society at large. 874: 850:Caroline Criado Perez 693:Guggenheim fellowship 663: 616:listing women writers 417: 35: 6418:Wikimedia Foundation 6353:Google and Knowledge 6118:Alan MacMasters hoax 5824:WikiConference India 5657:Deletion of articles 5244:Political repression 5184:Diversity (politics) 4863:Anita Borg Institute 4733:othersociologist.com 3577:Wikimedia Foundation 1911:Wikimedia Foundation 1853:on 23 September 2014 1385:(11 February 2019). 1203:www.newstatesman.com 1040:open-source software 983:Sarah Osborne Bender 965:WikiProject feminism 898:Wikimedia Foundation 886:Wikimedia Foundation 880:Wikimedia Foundation 839:Wikimedia Foundation 477:Aversion to conflict 383:knowledge production 346:Wikimedia Foundation 296:Wikimedia Foundation 71:Wikimedia Foundation 6391:LGBTQ and Knowledge 6368:Science information 6348:Depths of Knowledge 6281:Listen to Knowledge 5540:Gender and religion 5374:European Parliament 5301:Economic inequality 5124:Genderless language 4844:on 19 November 2018 4797:Research and advice 4674:. Salon Media Group 4534:The History Teacher 4440:The History Teacher 4145:on 9 February 2015. 3774:on 17 November 2015 2318:5 June 2016 at the 2307:2 July 2017 at the 1610:. 2 February 2011. 1489:2013PLoSO...865782H 1025:Jennifer C. Edwards 294:article cited this 139: 6433:Knowledge in India 6423:Wikimedia movement 6358:Health information 6242:Knowledge Monument 6235:Viola angustifolia 6138:Henryk Batuta hoax 6133:Essjay controversy 5987:Lisa Seitz-Gruwell 5927:Dariusz Jemielniak 5776:List of Wikipedias 5448:Affirmative action 5224:Gender empowerment 5189:Diversity training 5099:Grammatical gender 5087:Gender in language 4956:"Wiki Loves Women" 4869:on 9 February 2015 4783:on 21 October 2015 4753:The New York Times 4735:. Zuleyka Zevallos 4573:The New York Times 4114:meta.wikimedia.org 4095:, 21 October 2015 3289:. 3 October 2018. 3050:, 2014, (London), 2898:The New York Times 2632:meta.wikimedia.org 2430:on 5 November 2014 2143:on 14 October 2019 2037:10.1093/joc/jqx003 1846:The Sacramento Bee 1701:The New York Times 1670:The New York Times 1639:The New York Times 1608:The New York Times 1578:The New York Times 1228:meta.wikimedia.org 1016:In July 2014, the 942:Knowledge Teahouse 877: 827:Heather Mac Donald 796:. You can help by 703:Article visibility 666: 501:grammatical gender 462:Not having enough 432:The New York Times 424: 308:The New York Times 305:In February 2011, 136: 52: 39:Knowledge Monument 6488: 6487: 6217: 6216: 6194:COVID-19 pandemic 6182:American politics 6143:Jar'Edo Wens hoax 6015: 6014: 5947:Ira Brad Matetsky 5932:Rebecca MacKinnon 5902:Florence Devouard 5558: 5557: 5528: 5527: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5345: 5344: 5277: 5276: 5269:Women empowerment 5149:Gender inequality 5058:Gender neutrality 4755:. 2 February 2011 4635:978-3-9816799-0-8 4219:Houston Chronicle 3867:978-1-4197-2907-2 3768:Surprisingly Free 3706:10.1002/asi.24723 3666:978-1-4503-9096-5 3458:. 4 February 2021 3190:978-1-4503-0909-7 2828:(12): 4608–4633. 2701:978-1-4503-1086-4 2554:978-1-4503-1086-4 2245:978-1-4503-1086-4 1872:Lapowsky, Issie. 1439:978-1-4503-0909-7 1424:. pp. 1–10. 1094:. 10 October 2014 1029:Manhattan College 961:WikiProject women 814: 813: 762:non-binary people 758:transgender women 559:gender inequality 457:editing interface 453:user-friendliness 445:Knowledge editors 350:secondary sources 280: 279: 152:Editors US (UNU) 149:Readers US (UNU) 146:Readers US (Pew) 128:English Knowledge 75:English Knowledge 16:(Redirected from 6523: 6476: 6475: 6464: 6463: 6413:Wiki rabbit hole 6261:Academic studies 6229:274301 Knowledge 6026: 5922:Maryana Iskander 5897:Esra'a Al Shafei 5732: 5675:Ignore all rules 5585: 5578: 5571: 5562: 5484: 5438: 5381:(Mahnaz Afkhami) 5286: 5279: 5254:Social exclusion 5199:Gender apartheid 5154: 4987: 4980: 4973: 4964: 4959: 4944: 4942: 4929: 4927: 4914: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4865:. 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Herring 155:Editors US Adj. 140: 21: 6531: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6520: 6506:Gender equality 6491: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6452: 6408:Print Knowledge 6372: 6331: 6290: 6253: 6247: 6213: 6170: 6104: 6011: 5937:Katherine Maher 5885: 5879: 5843: 5807: 5726: 5719: 5707:Citation needed 5601: 5594: 5589: 5559: 5554: 5524: 5503: 5467: 5436: 5351: 5341: 5310: 5273: 5143: 5082: 5073:Gender variance 5053:Gender identity 5031: 4996: 4994:Gender equality 4991: 4954: 4951: 4932: 4917: 4886: 4881: 4872: 4870: 4856: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4834: 4829: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4799: 4786: 4784: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4736: 4726: 4717: 4715: 4706: 4697: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4675: 4669: 4660: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4621: 4612: 4610: 4600: 4591: 4589: 4579: 4566: 4556: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4497:Further reading 4494: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4087:Wayback Machine 4078:Paling, Emma, " 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3975: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3839:interview with 3833:Wayback Machine 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3667: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3479: 3478: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3393: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3286:The Irish Times 3279: 3278: 3274: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3191: 3169:"WP:clubhouse?" 3166: 3165: 3161: 3151: 3149: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3060:Wayback Machine 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2981: 2972: 2968: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2891: 2890: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2819: 2818: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2748: 2743: 2742: 2733: 2719: 2717: 2702: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2555: 2530: 2529: 2520: 2512: 2501: 2486: 2485: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2455:theatlantic.com 2448: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2401:. 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