1177:
misleading" and that true informed consent could not be given under such circumstances. The suit describes hormone therapy as "experimental" and states that there is "robust evidence" to show long-lasting medical effects of hormone therapy. Some time after
January 2020, Evans passed on her role as complainant to Keira Bell "who was prescribed puberty blockers by GIDS when she was 16. She had a double mastectomy aged 20, and now regrets transitioning, which has left her with 'no breasts, a deep voice, body hair, a beard, affected sexual function and who knows what else that has not been discovered'. She may well be infertile as a side effect of the drugs." In a judgment delivered on 1 December 2020, the judges said that it was "highly unlikely that a child aged 13 or less would be competent to give consent to the administration of puberty blockers", and that it was "doubtful that 14 or 15 year olds could understand the long-term risks and consequences" of this form of treatment. Where the young person is 16 or over, "we recognise that clinicians may well regard these as cases where the authorisation of the court should be sought prior to commencing the clinical treatment." The judges also criticised GIDS for failing to publish a 2011 study relating to puberty blockers. Immediately following the High Court judgement, GIDS suspended all new referrals to endocrinology. The Court granted a stay on further implementation of the judgement until 22 December 2020 or until the appeal process was complete, whichever was later.
3447:
1275:, which were deemed "unacceptable", as well as its overshadowing of mental health issues other than gender identity. On 28 July 2022, the NHS decided to close GIDS and replace it with regional healthcare centres, following the publication of the review. The regional centres are intended to provide more "holistic care", linking to other mental health services. Two of them were to be established by spring 2023—one at the
1319:
299:
February 2019 that the service was "not fit for purpose", as children were being prescribed experimental drugs "after a few sessions and without proper investigation of their cases under pressure from transgender rights groups". Bell urged the suspension of "all experimental hormone treatment for children who wished to change gender until there was better evidence of the outcomes." Dr Marcus Evans, a member of the
1333:
318:(NIHR) had announced a £1.3 million grant for a study following young people referred to GIDS, to compare mental and physical health outcomes for children referred. The study was to compare the effectiveness of different interventions, including psychological, endocrinological, pharmaceutical and alternative interventions.
1207:
nations and "welcomes the forthcoming postgraduate diploma in Gender
Identity Healthcare Practice". The report also noted that "in England, for example, GICs have seen a 240% overall increase in referrals over five years, with referrals to the Tavistock and Portman clinic alone increasing 8.43% between March 2018-19."
458:
In the financial year 2018–19, 31 referrals were made for children aged 5 or under. 30 referrals were made for adults over the age of 18. In 2018–19, there was a year-on-year increase of 6%, a relative plateau compared to previous year-on-year increases. Similarly, there was only a 0.1% increase in
1176:
In
October 2019, a legal complaint was lodged against GIDS at its satellite site in Leeds. The suit was brought by "Mrs. A", a mother of a 15-year-old patient with autism, and Sue Evans, a former nurse at the Leeds GIDS satellite site. It alleges that advice around hormone therapy was "potentially
1150:
Following a letter to the board at
Tavistock, an internal report was commissioned to look at the functioning of GIDS. Dr David Bell authored the report which found that the service was "not fit for purpose". It considered that the service could result in "damaging consequences" to children's lives
1141:
A 2019 Sky News report found that 35 psychologists resigned between 2016 and 2019. Six psychologists who resigned raised concerns about the over-diagnosis and medicalisation of young people experiencing gender identity difficulties. In
February 2019, Tavistock trust member Marcus Evans resigned,
1206:
report on transgender healthcare in the UK found several flaws in the NHS approach. It called for a "whole system" change, including addressing waiting times and the lack of research around gender dysphoria in children. The report noted the expansion of gender identity services into all four UK
1193:
In
September 2021, the Court of Appeal overturned the judgment of the High Court and once again allowed people under 16 to consent to receiving puberty blockers. In March 2024, NHS England announced that it would no longer prescribe puberty blockers to minors outside of use in clinical research
298:
In
November 2018, the parents of patients complained in a letter to the Trust board about the alacrity at which diagnoses were rendered, leaving them unable to intervene in these "life-altering decisions". This led to the commissioning of an internal report by Dr David Bell, which concluded in
284:
In 2015 in discussion of overwhelming caseloads, the GIDS July 2015 minutes record that GIDS director Polly
Carmichael acknowledged overload problems and the medical director raised "escalating risk", including "the number of safeguarding and risk concerns being brought to him for advice". An
1218:
In
September 2021, it was reported that Appleby was awarded £20,000 by an employment tribunal because the NHS's Tavistock and Portman trust's treatment of her damaged her professional reputation and "prevented her from proper work on safeguarding". The trust will not be lodging an appeal.
332:. In December 2020 following the High Court judgement, GIDS suspended all new referrals to endocrinology. The Court granted a stay on further implementation of the judgement until 22 December 2020 or until appeals are exhausted. The judgment was overturned by the Court of Appeal in 2021.
1303:
254:
GIDS takes referrals from all mental health care professionals, especially Tier 2 and 3 CAMHS specialists. GIDS is distinct from CAMHS as is it is nationally run, not by the local authority. However, in the CAMHS framework it sits in Tier 4, as a highly specialised service.
1189:
issued a statement stating that the ruling "could have a potentially devastating impact on young people seeking access to medical services." Leave to appeal against the decision of the High Court was granted in
January 2021. The appeal was heard on 23 and 24 June 2021.
1287:. Minors being considered for hormone treatment would be followed until adulthood as part of formal clinical trials. In May 2023, it was announced that the closure would be delayed until 2024, as the replacement facilities are taking longer than expected to prepare.
1142:
citing similar concerns. In July 2019, Kirsty Entwistle wrote a public letter about the GIDS service, saying professionals were often labelled "transphobic" if they raised doubts. Clinicians have stated that concerns over children's welfare were "shut down".
175:
site. GIDS was the only gender identity clinic for people under 18 in England and Wales and was the subject of much controversy. In July 2022, the NHS decided to close GIDS and replace it with regional healthcare centres, following the release of an
1298:, a campaign group for youth who question their gender, was "cautiously optimistic", but expressed concerns that priority would be given to mental health over medical care, saying that gender diversity should not be treated as a mental disorder.
1194:
trials, citing insufficient evidence of safety or clinical effectiveness. The Sandyford clinic in Glasgow, which is the only specialist gender clinic in Scotland, announced in April 2024 that it was pausing the prescription of puberty blockers.
266:
In 2009–10, 97 patients were referred to GIDS. By 2015–16, this had increased fourteen-fold to 1,419 and in 2017–18 to 2,519. Due to reduced funding and increased referrals, the average wait time is two years from referral to first appointment.
250:
and thus coverage varies significantly. The development of CAMHS within a four-tiered framework started in 1995. In 2000 the NHS Plan Implementation Programme required health and local authorities to jointly produce a local CAMHS strategy.
235:. In 1959, it opened an adolescent department and in 1967 it was absorbed into the London Child Guidance Clinic. The Tavistock Clinic established GIDS in 1989. GIDS was founded by Domenico Di Ceglie, a child and adolescent psychiatrist.
2250:
303:
governance board, resigned that week after a 35-year association with Tavistock and Portman. He accused its management of having an "overvalued belief in" the expertise of GIDS, "which is used to dismiss challenge and examination."
219:, the clinic specialised in psychiatric care. The Tavistock Clinic treated both adults and children, with their first patient being a child. However, it mainly focused on military psychology, including shell-shock, now termed
1610:
339:
and who had produced in February 2019 a report on the methods of the GIDS, reported that he now faced "disciplinary action" from the Trust. The threats to take disciplinary action lapsed when Dr Bell retired in 2021.
367:
In March 2024 the Tavistock GIDS closed, and was replaced in April with two new services at Great Ormond Street in London and Alder Hey in Liverpool, which are intended to be the first of eight regional centres.
2072:
2831:
3317:
3027:
2356:
1186:
3232:
1782:
1657:
1185:
issued a joint statement emphasising their concern on "the wider implications this will have on the rights of children and young people of all genders, particularly on consent and bodily autonomy."
1133:
As the only gender identity clinic for children in England and Wales, GIDS has been the subject of much controversy related to the broader topic of gender dysphoria and transitioning in childhood.
1504:
3150:
2442:
2242:
2103:
1215:
In July 2020, it was reported that Sonia Appleby, the "Named Professional for Safeguarding Children" at the gender identity clinic, had been in dispute with her employers since November 2019.
2744:
1812:
2714:
2622:
1933:
1158:
Conversely, there is a long wait time for a first appointment at GIDS, averaging at two years as of January 2020. GIDS blame high referral numbers and low staff numbers for this wait time.
2683:
328:
against GIDS by the mother of a patient at GIDS and Sue Evans, a nurse who formerly worked there. Later, Evans passed their role as complainant to Keira Bell, a previous service user and
1900:
1570:
2038:
3467:
2005:
2562:
3085:
1592:
3266:
2893:
2955:
1307:. Barnes describes the work saying, "I wanted to write a definitive record of what happened because there needs to be one." And a number of newspapers reviewed the book:
3376:
2862:
1858:
2064:
2652:
2823:
1392:
1963:
307:
Subsequent to the Bell report it was revealed that 35 psychologists had resigned since 2016, including six psychologists who claimed there was "over-diagnosis" of
3019:
1425:
1257:
2348:
2179:
3240:
1766:
1649:
1151:
and failed to fully consider a child's mental health background. However, it did not identify any "immediate" issues with regards to safety and in 2018 the
3209:
421:
243:
300:
274:
drug from 15 to 10 years old after facing pressure from activists and from people may have otherwise travelled to America or Holland to obtain the drug.
202:
172:
106:
1496:
1454:
2535:
3140:
2434:
1683:
164:. The service closed on 28 March 2024 after serious concerns were repeatedly raised over a number of years by several independent NHS whistleblowers.
116:
2126:
2095:
2736:
1808:
1356:
3343:
2706:
2614:
1925:
1284:
2675:
2382:
1203:
447:
315:
247:
3402:
2505:
1884:
1566:
1098:
More than 5,000 children were referred there in 2021, a 20-fold increase over the previous decade, leading to "unacceptable" waiting lists.
2592:
2030:
1231:
3277:
1989:
2767:
2558:
417:
277:
In 2012, the service was extended to a satellite site in Leeds. Endocrine support was also extended to Leeds Children's Hospital at the
352:
In July 2022, the NHS decided to close the Tavistock GIDS and replace it with regional healthcare centres, following the release of an
3075:
1114:
3462:
2885:
168:
2947:
2854:
1842:
1280:
2283:
1885:"Children's transgender clinic hit by 35 resignations in three years as psychologists warn of gender dysphoria 'over-diagnoses'"
223:. In 1948, with the creation of the NHS, the Tavistock Clinic launched its children's department, which developed many works by
224:
1361:
2644:
2313:
220:
2475:
2220:
1955:
1366:
1276:
1118:
161:
1449:
Dicks, H.V., (1970). 50 Years of the Tavistock Clinic. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Reissued by Routledge, 2014,
1346:
428:
403:
3117:
2925:
3318:"Time to Think, The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Tavistock's Gender Service for Children: cause for concern"
1740:
2411:
1474:
3199:
1182:
639:
440:
1234:
as women who have experienced campaigns of harassment because they speak publicly on sex and gender identity.
2527:
1534:
1351:
1152:
278:
77:
3049:
1248:
In 2020, due to a significant rise in the number of referrals to the Gender Identity Development Service,
1122:
646:
1125:. GIDS say that the way children identify is changing, which may be due to cultural and societal shifts.
321:
In July 2019, the Tavistock Centre was flooded, which temporarily affected the IT servers at the clinic.
1272:
1271:
The interim Cass report had found the clinic's model to be "neither safe nor viable" due to its lengthy
1178:
246:(CAMHS) provides the NHS support for children with mental health issues. However, CAMHS is organised by
295:
documentary programme, told from the point of view of two satisfied trans children and their families.
360:
on the provision of gender identity services for children and adolescents conducted by paediatrician
336:
184:
on the provision of gender identity services for children and adolescents conducted by paediatrician
2497:
1593:"The Times view on the Tavistock clinic and hormone-blocking drugs for the young: Informed Consent"
411:
311:
and a push for early medical intervention, because "psychologists fear being branded transphobic."
3292:
3000:
1732:
1324:
1295:
349:
In January 2021 GIDS was rated "inadequate" (the worst rating) by the Care Quality Commission.
2584:
2096:"Tavistock trust whistleblower David Bell: 'I believed I was doing the right thing' 2 May 2021"
3410:
3351:
2187:
1997:
1892:
1850:
1774:
1724:
1602:
1450:
1371:
1304:
Time to Think: The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Tavistock's Gender Service for Children
1106:
1102:
232:
2990:
1714:
1171:
325:
308:
212:
208:
54:
3344:"Time to Think review: the book that tells the full story of the Tavistock's trans scandal"
3080:
2585:"Puberty blockers: Under-16s unlikely to be able to give informed consent 1 December 2020"
1338:
1253:
1243:
432:
407:
376:
Dr Polly Carmichael, a consultant clinical psychologist, led the GIDS from at least 2016.
271:
157:
3446:
2737:"Bell & anr (claimant/resp) –v- The Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust (def/appellant)"
1843:"Governor of Tavistock Foundation quits over damning report into gender identity clinic"
1393:"'Why the Tavistock gender identity clinic was forced to shut ... and what happens next"
1301:
In February 2023, documentary journalist Hannah Barnes published a book on GIDS, titled
3262:
3204:
1227:
1223:
1101:
Children who present to GIDS may identify with a number of different labels, including
153:
3456:
3004:
2275:
1719:
396:
392:
68:
2768:"England's health service to stop prescribing puberty blockers to transgender kids"
2559:"Why I was right to blow the whistle on the Tavistock Clinic over puberty blockers"
2127:"Tavistock trust whistleblower David Bell: 'I believed I was doing the right thing"
2065:"Appeal court overturns UK puberty blockers ruling for under-16s 17 September 2021"
1736:
1426:"'A contentious place': the inside story of Tavistock's NHS gender identity clinic"
342:
329:
2794:
1650:"Referrals to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) level off in 2018–19"
1318:
2707:"High court ruling on puberty blockers 'based on partisan evidence' 23 June 2021"
2676:"High court grants leave to appeal to UK gender identity service 19 January 2021"
3020:"NHS to hold review into gender identity services for children and young people"
1926:"NHS 'over-diagnosing' children having transgender treatment, former staff warn"
1291:
1260:
1249:
1110:
361:
357:
353:
228:
185:
181:
177:
120:
2824:"RCGP calls for whole-system approach to improving NHS care for trans patients"
2305:
3174:"23 May 2023 Tavistock: Top doctor questions need for change at gender clinic"
1701:
Butler, Gary; De Graaf, Nastasja; Wren, Bernadette; Carmichael, Polly (2018).
1314:
1263:
to lead a review into gender identity services for children and young people.
3414:
3355:
2465:
2212:
2191:
2001:
1896:
1854:
1778:
1606:
3271:
3145:
2995:
2978:
2470:
1684:"Keira Bell: 'I couldn't sit by while so many others made the same mistake'"
1597:
632:
NHS England referrals made to GIDS by assigned natal sex per financial year
292:
1728:
2615:"Amnesty International UK and Liberty joint statement on puberty blockers"
2349:"Gender Identity Development Service referrals in 2019–20 same as 2018–19"
1703:"Assessment and support of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria"
258:
In 1989 when the GIDS opened, "it got two referrals over the whole year."
3173:
3112:
3107:
2920:
2915:
2216:
2381:
Hayward, Eleanor; Bannerman, Lucy (29 July 2022). Ames, Jonathan (ed.).
1702:
2152:
1567:"Meet the Doctor Who Runs the Only Clinic for Trans Children in the UK"
1466:
288:
In 2016, the waiting list for the clinic had increased to nine months.
3377:"How the Tavistock Trust's gender identity clinic failed its patients"
2403:
2213:"Meet Children with gender identity issues 'need help from all sides'"
2180:"Delayed puberty blocker clinical trial to start next year in England"
216:
171:
and took referrals from across the UK, although it was operated at a
72:
2435:"An open letter to Dr Polly Carmichael from a former GIDS clinician"
3233:"Hannah Barnes: Inside the collapse of the Tavistock gender clinic"
3403:"Time to Think by Hannah Barnes review – what went wrong at Gids?"
1809:"David Bell: Tavistock gender clinic whistleblower faces the sack"
388:
Assessments, to assess primary medical aims and necessary support;
285:
external report was commissioned and delivered by Dr Femi Nzegwu.
81:
2383:"Tavistock child gender clinic forced to close over safety fears"
3293:"Time to Think — what went wrong at the Tavistock gender clinic"
3076:"Failing children's gender service to be replaced by local hubs"
1526:
1222:
Academics Judith Suissa and Alice Sullivan listed her alongside
203:
Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust § Early history
2916:"NHS child gender identity clinic whistleblower wins tribunal"
1767:"Gender identity clinic accused of fast-tracking young adults"
2855:"Are whistleblowers being silenced at the NHS gender clinic?"
1155:(CQC) rated the effectiveness of the Trust as "outstanding".
270:
In 2010–11, the GIDS lowered the age of prescription for the
2795:"Scotland's under-18s gender clinic pauses puberty blockers"
1990:"Mother sues Tavistock child gender clinic over treatments"
3141:"Tavistock gender clinic forced to shut over safety fears"
1067:
1027:
987:
947:
907:
867:
827:
787:
747:
707:
667:
2031:"Update on the Judicial Review, Tuesday 1 December 2020"
3440:
2886:"NHS gender identity clinic whistleblower wins damages"
1256:
commissioned paediatrician and former President of the
459:
referrals between the 18–19 and 19–20 financial years.
3200:"England Overhauls Medical Care for Transgender Youth"
1279:
in London and another under a partnership between the
1198:
Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) position
3108:"NHS to close Tavistock child gender identity clinic"
2948:"Lawyer in the news: Elliot Hammer 20 September 2021"
2466:"NHS child gender clinic: Staff concerns 'shut down'"
1956:"Flood at the Tavistock Centre – Sunday 28 July 2019"
131:
3267:"How the Tavistock gender clinic ran out of control"
2153:"The crisis at the Tavistock's child gender clinic"
467:
335:In December 2020 Dr Bell, a former governor of the
126:
112:
100:
90:
60:
50:
42:
34:
26:
3276:
2645:"Consortium Statement on Bell v Tavistock Outcome"
2376:
2374:
1677:
1675:
2979:"The Gender Wars, Academic Freedom and Education"
2977:Suissa, Judith; Sullivan, Alice (10 March 2021).
152:) was a nationally operated health clinic in the
463:Total referrals made to GIDS per financial year
391:Gender development support, including access to
2464:Barnes, Hannah; Cohen, Deborah (19 June 2020).
1467:"The London Child Guidance Clinic in Islington"
446:People referred to GIDS may also contribute to
156:that specialised in working with children with
2353:The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
2247:The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
2035:The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
1654:The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
1501:The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
3468:Defunct National Health Service organisations
1258:Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
8:
2498:"Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust"
2306:"Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust"
1497:"Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS)"
21:
450:studies into gender dysphoria in children.
314:In February 2019, it was revealed that the
244:Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
167:Launched in 1989, GIDS was commissioned by
3445:
337:Trust who was elected by the medical staff
301:Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
173:Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
107:Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
20:
2994:
1802:
1800:
1718:
291:In 2016, the clinic was the subject of a
117:Tavistock Institute of Medical Psychology
1357:Transgender rights in the United Kingdom
630:
461:
16:Former British transgender health clinic
2818:
2816:
2557:Bartosch, Josephine (5 December 2020).
2058:
2056:
1383:
427:Ongoing support post social or medical
2928:from the original on 19 September 2021
2674:Topping, Alexandra (19 January 2021).
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2075:from the original on 17 September 2021
2063:Siddique, Haroon (17 September 2021).
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1211:Sonia Appleby employment tribunal case
316:National Institute for Health Research
46:Gender identity services for under 18s
2896:from the original on 4 September 2021
2398:
2396:
2359:from the original on 23 December 2020
2270:
2268:
2253:from the original on 20 February 2022
2223:from the original on 20 February 2022
2025:
2023:
1983:
1981:
1920:
1918:
1878:
1876:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1760:
1758:
1573:from the original on 24 December 2020
1507:from the original on 28 December 2019
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
7:
2834:from the original on 13 January 2020
2686:from the original on 20 January 2021
2595:from the original on 6 December 2020
2565:from the original on 5 December 2020
2538:from the original on 13 January 2020
2508:from the original on 13 January 2020
2445:from the original on 6 December 2019
2414:from the original on 13 January 2020
2316:from the original on 13 January 2020
2286:from the original on 13 January 2020
2041:from the original on 6 December 2020
2008:from the original on 13 January 2020
1966:from the original on 13 January 2020
1936:from the original on 18 January 2020
1903:from the original on 18 January 2020
1883:Donnelly, Laura (12 December 2019).
1861:from the original on 18 January 2020
1815:from the original on 5 December 2020
1785:from the original on 6 December 2019
1660:from the original on 13 January 2020
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1613:from the original on 13 January 2020
1477:from the original on 10 January 2020
1285:Royal Manchester Children's Hospital
443:options are available through GIDS.
3342:Moore, Suzanne (14 February 2023).
3212:from the original on 10 August 2022
2958:from the original on 3 October 2021
2884:Connett, David (4 September 2021).
1807:Bannerman, Lucy (5 December 2020).
1565:Stevens, Jenny (16 November 2016).
146:Gender Identity Development Service
22:Gender Identity Development Service
3401:Cooke, Rachel (19 February 2023).
3172:Barnes & Clare (23 May 2023).
3050:"Terms of Reference – Cass Review"
3030:from the original on 13 March 2022
3018:Marsh, Sarah (22 September 2020).
2983:Journal of Philosophy of Education
2865:from the original on 22 April 2021
2655:from the original on 10 April 2021
2625:from the original on 10 April 2021
2433:Entwistle, Kirsty (18 July 2019).
2106:from the original on 13 March 2022
1841:Doward, Jamie (23 February 2019).
1682:Turner, Janice (1 December 2020).
1537:from the original on 15 April 2022
207:GIDS is a service provided by the
14:
3198:Ghorayshi, Azeen (28 July 2022).
3153:from the original on 28 July 2022
3139:Hayward, Eleanor (28 July 2022).
3120:from the original on 28 July 2022
3088:from the original on 28 July 2022
2747:from the original on 25 June 2021
2717:from the original on 26 June 2021
2705:Siddique, Haroon (23 June 2021).
2561:. Telegraph Media Group Limited.
2478:from the original on 19 June 2020
2178:Campbell, Denis (7 August 2024).
1765:Doward, Jamie (3 November 2018).
1743:from the original on 1 March 2021
1424:Brooks, Libby (19 January 2023).
402:Physical intervention, including
3231:Lloyd, Will (15 February 2023).
3074:Thomas, Rebecca (28 July 2022).
1720:10.1136/archdischild-2018-314992
1707:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1391:Barnes, Hannah (31 March 2024).
1331:
1317:
239:Childhood mental health services
1988:Hurst, Greg (12 October 2019).
2741:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
1362:Childhood gender nonconformity
346:interviewed Bell in May 2021.
1:
2853:Kirkup, James (8 July 2020).
2243:"The service director's view"
1290:In response to the decision,
1281:Alder Hey Children's Hospital
404:endocrinological intervention
2766:John, Tara (15 March 2024).
2125:Cooke, Rachel (2 May 2021).
2094:Cooke, Rachel (2 May 2021).
1811:. Times Newspapers Limited.
1367:Gender dysphoria in children
1277:Great Ormond Street Hospital
420:, usually working alongside
1347:Transitioning (transgender)
652:
384:Services provided include:
3484:
3054:cass.independent-review.uk
2793:McCool M (19 April 2024).
1241:
1169:
200:
615:
601:
587:
573:
559:
545:
531:
517:
503:
489:
475:
470:
3463:Transgender and medicine
1471:Lost Hospitals of London
211:. Originally located at
2996:10.1111/1467-9752.12549
2954:. Law Society Gazette.
1352:Transgender health care
1267:Closure decision - 2022
1153:Care Quality Commission
1117:or otherwise as simply
395:, tailored support and
279:Leeds General Infirmary
78:Leeds General Infirmary
1527:"How to refer to GIDS"
1072:
1070:
1032:
1030:
992:
990:
952:
950:
912:
910:
872:
870:
832:
830:
792:
790:
752:
750:
712:
710:
672:
670:
431:and referral to adult
326:a lawsuit was launched
38:Closed (28 March 2024)
1283:in Liverpool and the
1179:Amnesty International
1137:High resignation rate
1123:gender non-conforming
418:Mental health support
248:local government area
3281:on 11 February 2023.
3265:(11 February 2023).
2924:. 5 September 2021.
1932:. 12 December 2019.
1569:. Vice Media Group.
3243:on 18 February 2023
2989:(1). Wiley: 55–82.
2649:www.consortium.lgbt
1601:. 12 October 2019.
633:
464:
441:surgical transition
102:Parent organisation
23:
2619:www.amnesty.org.uk
1325:Transgender portal
631:
462:
160:issues, including
67:Tavistock Centre,
2591:. December 2020.
2404:"Current debates"
2037:. December 2020.
1455:978 1 138 82194 1
1372:Transgender youth
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1051:
1050:
1011:
1010:
971:
970:
931:
930:
891:
890:
851:
850:
811:
810:
771:
770:
731:
730:
691:
690:
629:
628:
324:In October 2019,
233:attachment theory
197:Pre-establishment
142:
141:
3475:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3441:Official website
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3275:. Archived from
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3239:. Archived from
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3116:. 28 July 2022.
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2830:. 25 June 2019.
2820:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2743:. 25 June 2021.
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2641:
2635:
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2632:
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2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2581:
2575:
2574:
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2570:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2494:
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2487:
2485:
2483:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2345:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
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2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2219:. 17 July 2019.
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
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2122:
2116:
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2113:
2111:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1880:
1871:
1870:
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1804:
1795:
1794:
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1748:
1722:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1656:. 28 June 2019.
1646:
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1618:
1589:
1583:
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1388:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1172:Bell v Tavistock
1164:Bell v Tavistock
1068:
1028:
988:
948:
908:
868:
828:
788:
748:
708:
668:
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624:
623:
610:
609:
596:
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554:
553:
540:
539:
526:
525:
512:
511:
498:
497:
484:
483:
465:
408:puberty blockers
309:gender dysphoria
213:Tavistock Square
209:Tavistock Clinic
162:gender dysphoria
138:
135:
133:
96:Polly Carmichael
55:Tavistock Centre
24:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3476:
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3322:The Irish Times
3316:
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3291:
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3263:Freeman, Hadley
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3081:The Independent
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2897:
2883:
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2878:
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2866:
2852:
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2847:
2837:
2835:
2828:www.rcgp.org.uk
2822:
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2578:
2568:
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2427:
2417:
2415:
2402:
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2394:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2355:. 29 May 2020.
2347:
2346:
2329:
2319:
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2304:
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2299:
2289:
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2274:
2273:
2266:
2256:
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2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2159:. 30 March 2021
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2131:theguardian.com
2124:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1882:
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1411:
1401:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1339:Medicine portal
1337:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1273:waiting periods
1269:
1254:NHS Improvement
1246:
1244:The Cass Review
1240:
1238:The Cass Review
1213:
1200:
1174:
1168:
1162:Leeds lawsuit (
1148:
1139:
1131:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
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1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
972:
966:
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954:
932:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
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886:
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880:
877:
874:
852:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
812:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
772:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
732:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
692:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
648:
642:female at birth
641:
625:
621:
620:
611:
607:
606:
597:
593:
592:
583:
579:
578:
569:
565:
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541:
537:
536:
527:
523:
522:
513:
509:
508:
499:
495:
494:
485:
481:
480:
471:Referrals made
468:Financial year
456:
433:gender identity
382:
374:
272:puberty blocker
264:
241:
205:
199:
194:
158:gender identity
130:
103:
93:
86:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3481:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3434:
3433:External links
3431:
3428:
3427:
3393:
3368:
3334:
3309:
3284:
3254:
3223:
3205:New York Times
3190:
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2502:www.cqc.org.uk
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2310:www.cqc.org.uk
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2117:
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2052:
2019:
1977:
1947:
1914:
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1796:
1754:
1713:(7): 631–636.
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1294:, then CEO of
1268:
1265:
1242:Main article:
1239:
1236:
1228:Maya Forstater
1224:Allison Bailey
1212:
1209:
1199:
1196:
1170:Main article:
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397:therapy groups
389:
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354:interim report
330:detransitioner
281:site in 2013.
263:
262:Recent history
260:
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178:interim report
154:United Kingdom
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