Gender self-identification - Knowledge (XXG)

276:, the report argued that people under the age of 18 should have the right to legal gender recognition based on self-declaration, that a third gender marker should be recognized, that trans healthcare should be publicly accessible, and that discrimination based on gender identity should be illegal. The report also examined campaigns to reform legal gender recognition laws in those countries, arguing that the most successful techniques included targeting younger politicians and political parties' youth wings, emphasizing the depathologization and human rights aspects of reform, the use of individuals' stories to humanize the campaign, intervening early in the political process, and strong collaboration between groups. 454:, without being required to prove hormone replacement therapy, undergo sex reassignment surgery or any medical requirements. Children under 18 and over 14 years old must complete the process before family courts and have the permission and support of their representatives. Although the request for minors does not include medical reports, it does require that it have to be accompanied by background information on the psychosocial and family context. The Law guarantees as basic principles non-pathologization, non-arbitrary discrimination, confidentiality, dignity in treatment, the best interests of the child and progressive autonomy. 249:. In the report, Amnesty argued that many European countries had legal gender recognition laws that were based on stereotypical gender norms and that violated individuals' rights to "private and family life, to recognition before the law, to highest attainable standard of health and to be free from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatments without discrimination on grounds of gender identity and expression." The report further argued that "transgender people should be able to obtain legal gender recognition through quick, accessible and transparent procedures and in accordance with their own perceptions of gender identity." 1785:"The concerns raised overwhelmingly appear to rely on anecdotal evidence, some of which would relate to allegations of abuse, but most of which build on deeply discriminatory stereotypes of trans and gender diverse persons based on ideas of predatory determinism. They also appear to reproduce privileged and/or colonial bias that disregards gender diversity around the world and to suggest a shift of onus from the State (the duty bearer) to communities and persons that, as evidence shows, are deeply disenfranchised (trans and gender diverse persons, the rights holders). ... 20: 308: 738: 518: 1396:

to non-trans women." A 2017 paper from Peter Dunne of Trinity College Dublin said that "there is also little (if any) support for the idea that trans protections facilitate cisgender predators who feign a trans identity to perpetrate assaults in women-only space. In reality, concerns over the supposed threat of trans identities often reveal lingering anti-trans prejudice, reproducing historic tropes about the ‘deviant’, ‘deceptive’ or ‘unstable’ trans individual." A 2018 study, from the

172:, legal gender recognition may principally fall under sub-national jurisdiction, and may vary from province to province. Within a single jurisdiction, legal gender recognition procedures can be different for different documents, such as birth certificates or passports, and is not always the sole determinant of gender recognition in day-to-day life, such as in healthcare, access to facilities, or in personal relations. 7756: 1769: 230: 1296:, Tasmania implemented self-declaration in 2019. In 2020, the Tasmania Law Reform Institute completed an investigation of the law's impact that "uncovered no evidence that allowing people to change their officially recorded gender would have any unforeseen legal consequences." Later in 2019, the Parliament of Victoria introduced a law that abolished the 1157:", simply by making a declaration to civil status registry officials. In late 2020, the bill was passed by the Swiss Parliament, with all individuals over the age 16 allowed legal gender recognition via self-declaration from 1 January 2022. The bill consisted in a modification of the Swiss Civil Code. It does not allow a change to a nonbinary gender. 621:) allow the gender marker on drivers licences to be updated on a self-declaration basis and as of April 2020, 10 states allow the gender marker on birth certificates to be updated on a self-declaration basis. At the federal level, since June 2021, the gender marker on passports operates on a system of gender self-identification. 233:, stated that "the right to self-determine one's gender was a fundamental part of a person's freedom and a cornerstone of the person's identity" and that states' obligations included "adopting legal measures such as being based on self-determination ensuring that minors have access to recognition of their gender identity". 729:), Pakistanis may choose to self-identify as male, female, both or neither. They may express their gender according to their own preferences, and they may have their gender identity of choice reflected on their documents, "including National Identification Cards, passports, driver's licenses and education certificates." 1787:"The work to address, and ultimately eradicate, violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity is not in opposition to the human rights of women; to the contrary, these areas of concern largely overlap and conceptually, socioeconomically, politically and legally reinforce each other. 1227:. Out of these submissions, 64% said that there should not be a requirement for a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, 80% were in favour of removing the requirement for a medical report, and 77% were in favour of removing the requirement for people to evidence living "in their acquired gender for a period of time". 1395:

about the proposed reforms to the UK's Gender Recognition act argued that the reforms would not erode the existing exemptions in the 2010 Equality Act permitting a reliance on sex instead of gender identity, and that, based on existing research, they would "not lead to a significant increase in harms

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said that "in most countries where transgender people are refused legal recognition of their gender identity, this might lead to further human rights violations, impacting their access to education, employment, healthcare, social security, and legal protection" and that "many countries that do permit

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In March 2021, the Welsh government's Independent LGBTQ+ Expert Panel called for the British government to reform the Act "in accordance with the principle of self-determination." Later in 2021, the Welsh government called for "devolution of as many aspects as possible of the Gender Recognition Act."

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vetoed the bill. Later in 2018, the Parliament adopted the bill with changes with regards to sex changes by minors aged 16 and 17, suggested by the President in his veto message. This time around, the President signed the bill on 31 July. It was published as Act No. 38/2018 in the official journal on

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found that 61% of Swedes supported moving to a system of self-declaration, with 71% of women and 51% of men in support of the change. A more recent poll by Fokus Novus however, showed a low support for selfID in Sweden. Only 15% of respondents were positive and among the most critical were parents of

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In 2017, the Belgian federal parliament passed a law allowing people to change their legal gender via statutory declaration, without any medical intervention being required. To do so, a person must first sign a statutory declaration in front of a civil officer and then wait three months before second

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There still remains barriers to legal gender recognition for people born outside of Canada. As of October 2021, half of the provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, and Saskatchewan), and all territories, do not offer anyone not born there the ability to change their legal

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The Gender Identity law allows individuals over 18 to legally change their name, gender and photography on legal documents. No surgeries, hormone therapy or judicial order are required, nevertheless, a psychological examination attesting that the petitioner consents the decision is required. The law

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said that "legal requirements based upon trans-related diagnoses pose a risk of reintroducing surgical and hormonal practices through the back door. Moreover, these diagnoses act as gatekeeper to other healthcare services and citizenship rights." Sex/gender self-determination is now in international

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stated that "many transgender people in Europe continue to struggle to have their gender legally recognised" and that trans people "should be able to obtain legal gender recognition through quick, accessible and transparent procedures and in accordance with their own perceptions of gender identity."

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court case on LGBT+ rights, the Supreme Court of Nepal legally established a gender category called "other". The Supreme Court stated that the criteria for identifying one's gender is based on the individual's self-identification. However, gender recognition laws in Nepal have since faced criticism,

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In 2016, a bill allowing transgender people to legally change their name and gender without the need for surgery or judicial permission was introduced to the Legislative Assembly. In June 2017, the bill advanced to the Human Rights Committee, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal endorsed the bill, but

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adopted Resolution 2048 (2015), within which "the Assembly calls on Member States to ... develop quick, transparent and accessible procedures, based on self-determination ... available for all people who seek to use them, irrespective of age, medical status, financial situation or police record". In

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Several researchers have also found that self-identification laws will not necessarily address all issues faced by trans people by themselves, especially if such laws restrict legal gender to a binary or are not accompanied by other reforms, such as in healthcare. A 2018 article from Chris Dietz of

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to allow people to change the sex on their birth certificates on a self-declaration basis as well. The bill passed its first reading in December 2017 and passed its second reading in August 2021. The bill was unanimously approved by Parliament on its third reading and will come into effect in 2023.

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in Sweden introduced a bill allowing legal gender change without any form of psychiatric or psychological evaluation as well as removing the requirement of a diagnosis or any kind of medical intervention. However, the proposals than stagnated in early draft form for several years. In November 2021,

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Since 2015, transgender people may change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required. The Colombian Government issued Decree 1227 on June 4, 2015, to simplify the process by which adults over 18 can legally change their gender.

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Research has also found that legal gender recognition laws based on self-declaration do not necessarily, by themselves, guarantee access to proper identity documentation. A 2014 study on the Argentinian law found that "uptake of this right has not been homogenous," in particular that "foreign born

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on the legal gender recognition system in Denmark found that "recognition may be practically inaccessible in the absence of corresponding health care provision" and that "positivity around the law was mitigated by contemporaneous reforms taking place in the Danish health care system" which had the

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found that "the majority of countries from South America allow their transgender citizens to change name and gender in legal documents with a fast, easy and inexpensive manner" and that "legislation to protect rights in South America have undergone fundamental and positive transformations" in the

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For trans people, a key principle of activism is gender self-determination, which treats each individual as the ultimate authority on their own gender identity....Self-identification is a lynchpin of transgender identity politics in the United States and, increasingly, throughout the globalizing

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which permits a German citizen to change their gender on government documents through self-determination. The law comes into force in November 2024. Persons aged 16 to 18 years can change their gender on government documents in the presence of their parents. For persons under 16, the parents can

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In 2017, the California state legislature passed California's Gender Recognition Act (SB 179), removing the requirements for a physician's statement and mandatory court hearing for gender change petitions, allowing change based on an affidavit. The Act also implemented a third, non-binary gender

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Since 2016, Ecuadorians are allowed to change their “sex” marker in the personal identity document for a “gender” marker as masculine or feminine. The person who wants to change the word "sex" for "gender" in the identity card shall present two witnesses to accredit the self-determination of the

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in the United States, found that passing non-discrimination laws based on self-declared gender identity "is not related to the number or frequency of criminal incidents" in public spaces such as toilets and changing rooms and that "fears of increased safety and privacy violations as a result of

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provides protection from discrimination under the protected characteristic of "gender re-assignment," which includes "any stage in the transition process – from proposing to reassign your gender, to undergoing a process to reassign your gender, or having completed it," This is not equivalent to

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In June 2014, the Danish Parliament voted 59–52 to remove the requirement of a mental disorder diagnosis and surgery with irreversible sterilization during the process of a legal sex change. Since 1 September 2014, Danes over 18 years of age who wish to apply for a legal sex change can do so by

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which permits an Irish citizen to change their gender on government documents through self-determination. The law does not require any medical intervention by the applicant nor an assessment by the state. Such changes are possible through self-determination for any person aged 18 or over who is

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Centre of Gender, Feminisms & Sexualities, signed an open letter condemning a planned meeting in Ireland on UK Gender Recognition Act reforms organised by a British group opposing the reforms. The letter stated that "Trans people and particularly trans women are an inextricable part of our

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Within the current Parliament, the Government must bring forward proposals to update the Gender Recognition Act, in line with the principles of gender self-declaration that have been developed in other jurisdictions. In place of the present medicalised, quasi-judicial application process, an

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The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules, 2020, lays down a simpler procedure for obtaining an identity certificate from the district magistrate. In the present Rules, there is a single form to assert either a transgender or trans-binary status. However, a medical intervention is

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issued an executive decree requiring all state institutions to modify the documents and internal records of transgender people who wish to have their name, photograph or sex changed according to self-declaration. The decree applies to passports, driving licenses, ID documents, work permits,

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said that "trans activists in India argue that many authorities claim ignorance of the process, denying and rejecting transgender persons’ applications for identity documents with the justification that they do not know the procedures around providing IDs to persons of 'their gender.'"

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A 2020 study from the University of Bristol found that "being able to change gender legally without having to rely on medical diagnosis and treatment would make older age a much more positive experience for many trans individuals seeking to transition in later life." A 2021 study in

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ruled on March 1, 2018, that a transgender person has the right to change their official name and sex without the need of surgery or professional evaluation, just by self-declaration of their psychosocial identity. On June 29, the Corregedoria Nacional de Justiça, a body of the

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unanimously (46–0) approved a gender identity law. The law makes it easier for transgender people to change their legal gender. Under the new law, they simply have to notify the Civil Registry that they wish to change the gender information on their birth certificates.

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analyzing the factors that lead to the creation of the law found that "more institutionalized group played a major role in getting the issue on the agenda, while a more radical challenger coalition was crucial in developing and advancing the ground-breaking content."

434:, eliminating the requirement for a letter from a psychiatrist. In 2019, Nova Scotia moved to an affidavit process, eliminating the medical letter requirement. In 2022, British Columbia eliminated the medical letter requirement for legal gender changes for adults. 1782:

Some submissions to this report argued against legal recognition of trans and gender diverse persons, alleging a risk of erasure of cisgender women's concerns, the integrity of gender-segregated spaces for women and the threat to the development of girls through

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Self-identification, or 'self-id', is the concept that a person should be allowed to legally identify with the gender of their choice by simply declaring so, and without facing any medical tests. This has been a long held demand of trans-right groups around the

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which allows legal gender changes without psychiatric or psychological evaluation, diagnosis or medical intervention, by people aged at least 16. Minors aged between 6 and 16 may transition with parental consent. The bill was approved by a vote of 79–13 by

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In 2019, a bill was drafted to allow transgender people to change their legal sex. The legislation would allow transgender people over 18 to right to change their legal gender on the basis of self-determination, without a diagnosis, hormonal treatment or

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public consciousness due to numerous media commentaries, governmental debates and the corresponding and relatively fast-paced shifts in legal and policy constructions regarding trans, sex/gender expansive, and intersex people in law and medicine

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Self-id, as it is known, is the idea that people be allowed to change the legal markers of their sex simply by saying so, without jumping through any medical hoops. Trans-rights groups say this is crucial for trans people, who face daily

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Mota, Luís F.; Fernandes, Bruna (2021). "Debating the Law of Self-Determination of Gender Identity in Portugal: Composition and Dynamics of Advocacy Coalitions of Political and Civil Society Actors in the Discussion of Morality Issues".

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In 2017, Newfoundland and Labrador abolished the medical letter requirement, moving to a self-declaration process. In 2018, Alberta changed its legal gender recognition laws to allow people to self-declare their legal gender through an

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2010s. However, the study also found that "transgender people are unable to change their gender in public records and legal documents in several Latin America and the Caribbean countries – mostly in the Caribbean and Mesoamerica."

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stated that "abusive requirements as a precondition of recognition — for example, by requiring ... forced gender reassignment and other medical procedures" are "in violation of international human rights standards" and in 2018,

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called for the British government to "uphold the United Kingdom’s human rights obligations by reforming the Gender Recognition Act (GRA) to allow for self-identification and recognition of transgender and non-binary people."

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to change the law on legal gender recognition in Finland to a basis of self-determination received 50,000 signatures and was referred to the Finnish Parliament's Committee on Social Affairs and Health. Finnish Prime Minister

450:, allowing transgender people over 14 years to change their name and gender on all official documents without prohibitive requirements. For persons over 18 years of age, the change is requested by submitting a request to the 3831: 1133: 2696: 1357:

the modification of gender markers on identity documents impose abusive requirements, such as forced or otherwise involuntary surgery, medical diagnosis, long, costly and complicated judicial procedures." A 2017 study in

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launched an online portal for changes of gender marker. In the new portal, applicants are required to register an affidavit self-declaring their third gender and subsequently receive a new identity card within 30 days.

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by a margin of 86 votes for and 39 votes against, legislating to allow a Gender Recognition Certification on the basis of self-identification and to extend the process to 16- and 17-year-olds. On 17 January 2023, the

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As Canada is a federation, legal gender recognition procedures vary from province to province. At the federal level, Canadians can apply to have the gender marker on their passports changed via self-identification.

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giving children total freedom of legal gender recognition had been rejected in May. Some LGBTQ+ campaigners criticized the new bill for having age limits and for not having provision for non-Spanish residents and

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as they only allow gender markers to be changed from "M" (male) or "F" (female) to "O" (other). There are no provisions allowing transgender women to have an "F" marker or transgender men having an "M" marker.

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gender. In November 2020, refugee claimants became able to change their legal gender federally. In March 2021, temporary residents were afforded the same right (without requiring a change to their passport).

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ordinarily resident in Ireland and/or registered on Irish registers of birth or adoption. Persons aged 16 to 18 years must secure a court order to exempt them from the normal requirement to be at least 18.

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requirement for legal gender change and allows applicants to self-nominate the sex listed on their birth registration as male, female, or any other gender diverse or non-binary descriptor of their choice.

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Castro-Peraza, Maria Elisa; García-Acosta, Jesús Manuel; Delgado, Naira; Perdomo-Hernández, Ana María; Sosa-Alvarez, Maria Inmaculada; Llabrés-Solé, Rosa; Lorenzo-Rocha, Nieves Doria (January 15, 2019).

4603: 2989: 1946: 221: 868:, announced plans to introduce legal gender recognition via self-declaration as part of the coalition agreement. The government formally proposed a self-determination bill in June 2022. In April 2024, 537:, psychological therapies or any other type of diagnosis are no longer required. The law took effect in early 2015. As of November 2022, 19 other states have followed suit. These states include: 1318: 299:

ruled that the government should "ensure that procedures exist whereby all State-issued identity documents which indicate a person’s gender/sex reflect the person’s self-identified gender identity."

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gender self identification and allows providers of sex-segregated services to deny access to transgender people on a case-by-case basis of "a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim".

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in November 2016 and May 2017, respectively. They were merged into one measure by a parliamentary committee and subsequently approved by the Parliament on 13 April 2018. However, President

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people to live day-to-day without prejudice. Advocates also argue that there is no evidence that such laws have caused problems in countries where they have been introduced, such as in

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Malta, Monica; Cardoso, Reynaldo; Montenegro, Luiz; De Jesus, Jaqueline Gomes; Seixas, Michele; Benevides, Bruna; Das Dores Silva, Maria; Legrand, Sara; Whetten, Kathryn (2019).

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Countries in Europe recognising either self-identification based on a court's ruling (France, Greece) or full gender self-identification (the other countries coloured in orange).

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The law of inclusion: Report of the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, Victor Madrigal-Borloz

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found that removal of surgical requirements for legal gender recognition "is associated with an increase in the employment rate of FtM transgender people of around 9 to 20%."

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effect of certifying "a de facto monopoly for authorising treatments at the Sexological Clinic (Sexologisk Klinik) of the National Hospital (Rigshospitalet) in Copenhagen".

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Applicants can change their official documents by simply filing an affidavit with a notary, eliminating any requirement for medical gender reassignment procedures under the

2801: 979:. It was promulgated on 17 June and took effect on 1 July 2016. The act was hailed as an important milestone for LGBTIQ+ rights by LGBTIQ+ rights organizations such as the 1445: 451: 6474:"Gender Identity Nondiscrimination Laws in Public Accommodations: a Review of Evidence Regarding Safety and Privacy in Public Restrooms, Locker Rooms, and Changing Rooms" 4162: 2643: 1063:

had previously expressed support for moving to a self-determination system. On 1 February 2023, Finland's Parliament voted 113–69 in favor of gender self-identification.

7071: 272:. The report examined the status of legal gender recognition for minors in several European countries, and describes itself as a "powerful tool for activists". Based on 3364: 5790: 4860: 5069: 1922: 468: 216: 3481: 7612: 7351: 4613: 4061: 6028: 3562: 2993: 5088: 5031: 7646: 6529: 5533: 4041: 5573: 4992:"Presidente da República solicita à Assembleia na República que, no decreto sobre identidade de género, preveja relatório médico quando se trate de menores" 1141:

identities. A collective of about 50 feminist groups opposed the bill, concerned about "protection of the specific rights against gender-based oppression".

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In Québec, the legal recognition process has worked on an affidavit process since 2015. In 2021, however, the Coalition Avenir Québec government introduced

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Pousadela, Inés M. (2013). "From embarrassing objects to subjects of rights: The Argentine LGBT movement and the Equal Marriage and Gender Identity laws".

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of 1688 people across the United Kingdom found that 18% favoured self-identification, 58% said medical approval was needed, with the remainder undecided.

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Cannoot, Pieter (September 2019). "'#WontBeErased': The effects of (de)pathologisation and (de)medicalisation on the legal capacity of trans* persons".

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A 2018 government consultation received 102,833 submissions from the public; of these, 39% were submitted via an online form set up by equality charity

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Zimman, Lal (1 March 2019). "Trans self-identification and the language of neoliberal selfhood: Agency, power, and the limits of monologic discourse".

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administrative process must be developed, centred on the wishes of the individual applicant, rather than on intensive analysis by doctors and lawyers.

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In May 2016, the Left Bloc introduced a bill to allow legal gender change solely based on self-determination. Similar bills were introduced by the

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Since 2019, transgender people can self-identify their gender and update their legal name, without approval from a judge after the approval of the

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status was a strong negative correlate of new ID acquisition," on top of other challenges faced by immigrants in the country. A 2021 paper in the

3974: 3266: 3140: 2012: 7321: 7144: 7061: 6919: 6856: 5188:[Explanatory report relating to the preliminary draft concerning the revision of the Swiss Civil Code (change of sex in civil status)] 4459: 1182: 471:, says the gender change is justified by a person's individual choice; it eliminates the requirement for psychiatric or physical examinations. 464: 5555:"The Welsh Government announces new support package for Pride as part of ambitious plans to make Wales the most LGBTQ+ friendly nation Europe" 4081: 3935: 3338: 2915: 2465: 2168: 422:, which would re-introduce a requirement for surgical procedures. After that provision provoked heavy controversy, Québec Minister of Justice 7326: 4953: 3803: 2746: 2097: 4654: 4301: 3239: 7233: 5361: 5231: 2069: 1410: 484: 5013: 1690: 4576: 2862: 2295: 617:

As the United States is a federation, legal gender recognition laws vary from state to state. As of July 2021, 21 states (as well as the

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Jain, Dipika; Dasgupta, Debanuj (2021). "Law, gender identity, and the uses of human rights: The paradox of recognition in South Asia".

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Davy, Z. (2021). Sex/Gender and Self-Determination: Policy developments in Law, Health and Pedagogical Contexts. Bristol: Policy Press

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recognizes the right to self-perceived gender identity, thus allowing transgender people to register themselves under a third gender (

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As of February 2023, gender self-identification, where no judge or medical expert are involved, is part of the law in 20 countries:

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United Nations Independent Expert on Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity

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United Nations Independent Expert on Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity

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proposed amending Swiss legislation to allow transgender individuals to change their registered gender and first name(s) without "

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has supported the bill, stating that it would "ultimately help reduce discrimination." The bill has also been supported by the

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stating that they want to change their documentation, followed by a six-month-long "reflection period" to confirm the request.

861: 357: 3120: 7617: 7316: 7149: 7024: 5186:"Rapport explicatif relatif à l'avant-projet concernant la révision du Code civil suisse (changement de sexe à l'état civil)" 3372: 1313:, gender markers on passports and drivers licences have worked on a self-declaration basis since 2012. In November 2017, the 1186: 1072: 5782: 3394: 3160: 1014:

the Swedish government announced that it had prepared a new draft bill that would implement self-determination by 2024. The

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made Argentina the "only country that allows people to change their gender identities without facing barriers such as

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hartline, france rose (2 January 2019). "Examining Trans Narratives in the Wake of Norway's Gender Recognition Law".

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proposed a bill to introduce gender recognition via statutory declaration in the country. The bill was passed by the

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Sharpe, Alex (May 2020). "Will Gender Self-Declaration Undermine Women's Rights and Lead to an Increase in Harms?".

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As of March 2023, 11 countries have legal gender recognition procedures based on self-determination of the person:

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and update all documents (Section 5-6). However, identification as male or female can only be issued once proof of

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university identification, etc. In December 2018, Alvarado signed another executive order extending this right to

307: 7533: 7494: 4388: 3804:"Trans people can now self-identify their gender with a few clicks as India launches revolutionary online portal" 1890: 1252: 902: 369: 5139: 1042:

said they would wait until the bill was formally tabled in Parliament to decide their position. A 2021 study by

999: 6929: 6806: 6295:"Towards Full Citizenship: Correlates of Engagement with the Gender Identity Law among Transwomen in Argentina" 5388: 5160: 2151:"High Court of Botswana Protects Transgender Man's Right to Have Identity Document Reflect His Gender Identity" 1830: 1297: 1223:, 7% via a form set up by feminist organisation Level Up, and 18% from a form set up by women's campaign group 840:

on children starting at age 14 regardless of parental objection and would have introduced a fine of €2,500 for

837: 821: 682: 646: 534: 403: 365: 62: 5740:"Bill to allow transgender people to change birth certificate without surgery clears first hurdle in Victoria" 4735: 3667: 3080: 3054: 649:, hormone therapy or any form of diagnosis are not requirements to alter one's gender on official documents. 7386: 7083: 6757: 6567: 5869: 5210: 4789:"Finland's feminist prime minister Sanna Marin comes out swinging for trans people's right to self-identify" 4635: 4528: 4247: 2102: 1384: 1323: 1268: 1202: 1080: 964: 853: 492: 376: 3957: 2430:[Transsexuals can now change their names in documents at registry offices throughout the country]. 6946: 5786: 5761: 1980: 1756: 1358: 1314: 968: 737: 663: 517: 296: 226: 23:

Countries recognising gender self-identification; sub-national entities are only marked for some countries

5507:"Boris Johnson warned 'regressive' anti-trans plans would put vulnerable trans women at risk of violence" 4409: 3909: 2485:"Trans-rights advocates raise alarm over Quebec birth certificate proposal, calling it 'huge regression'" 1279:

to enact it; he described Westminster's section 35 order as a "very dangerous precedent" for devolution.

7698: 7528: 7093: 6951: 6896: 6828: 4683: 4503: 4349: 4328: 3586: 3449: 1019: 984: 960: 798: 398: 242: 39: 7304: 4884: 3514: 5847:"Parliament unanimously passes sex self-identification law, simplifying changes to birth certificates" 677:). Applications must be made to the District Magistrate, who can issue a certificate of identity as a 348:

have self-identification laws, as well as several Canadian provinces and Mexican and American states.

311:

Countries in the Americas recognising gender self-identification; sub-national entities are not marked

7748: 7044: 6966: 6924: 6889: 6866: 6574: 6450: 6306: 5442: 4550: 3094: 1952:

Discrimination and violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity

1101: 1015: 976: 943: 618: 423: 273: 5384: 2213:"Sexual and gender minorities rights in Latin America and the Caribbean: A multi-country evaluation" 7678: 7264: 7223: 7056: 6293:

Socías, M. E.; Marshall, B. D.; Arístegui, I.; Zalazar, V.; Romero, M.; Sued, O.; Kerr, T. (2014).

2990:"Se han realizado 3 mil 481 rectificaciones de actas de nacimiento de personas transgénero en CDMX" 2267: 1375: 1243: 1224: 1220: 1127: 1023: 1010: 762: 590: 117: 58: 5308:"Débureaucratisation de la procédure de changement de sexe à l'état civil dès le 1er janvier 2022" 1720: 7760: 7718: 7413: 7363: 6838: 6590: 6493: 6454: 6404: 6369: 6275: 6233: 6192: 6149: 6098: 6063: 6001: 5335: 5215: 3894: 3058: 3039: 2920: 2385: 2350: 2329:"The political mediation of Argentina's gender identity law: LGBT activism and rights innovation" 1541: 1458: 1397: 1231: 1055: 176: 5534:"A report to Welsh Government outlining recommendations for furthering LGBTQ+ equality in Wales" 5283: 4450:"Norway becomes fourth country in the world to allow trans people to determine their own gender" 3033: 554: 66: 6029:"The importance of self-identification for trans older adults in the UK – Comment and analysis" 3958:"The State Decides Who I Am: Lack of Legal Gender Recognition for Transgender People in Europe" 2039: 49:. Advocates of self-identification say that medical requirements are intrusive and humiliating 7192: 7186: 7110: 6976: 6730: 6595: 6334: 6184: 5949: 5818: 4066: 2244: 1868: 1392: 1256: 1194: 1174: 1138: 1104:. The draft had been in the making since 2021, as a part of a political agreement between the 1027: 570: 509:

applicant. To change the “sex” marker in the civil registry, they must have a judicial order.

289:

Although there is no current legislation on legal gender recognition in Botswana, in the 2017

4999: 2877:"Instituciones deberán modificar documentos para que sean acordes con la identidad de género" 247:

The state decides who I am: Lack of Legal Gender Recognition For Transgender People in Europe

7051: 6767: 6485: 6446: 6438: 6396: 6361: 6324: 6314: 6267: 6223: 6176: 6139: 6129: 6090: 6055: 5991: 5983: 5939: 5929: 5232:"Switzerland to allow people to legally change gender through self-identification from 2022" 5116: 3848: 2644:"Temporary residents can now change their sex identifiers on Canadian immigration documents" 2547: 2377: 2340: 2234: 2224: 1696: 1450: 1170: 1119: 1031: 919: 638: 5331: 4018: 7240: 7208: 7198: 6779: 6600: 6549: 5661: 5633: 5236: 4709: 3835: 3734: 3702: 1734: 1349: 704: 602: 594: 550: 447: 35: 4042:"Final touches being put to gender identity bill, Cyprus lagging behind other CoE states" 3621: 2619:"Program delivery update: Sex or gender identifier on IRCC documents and in IRCC systems" 2562: 2263:"Argentina OKs transgender rights: ID changes, sex-change operations and hormone therapy" 525:

As Mexico is a federation, legal gender recognition procedures vary from state to state.

6310: 5656: 5628: 836:'s parliament voted down two self-identification bills. One of the bills also permitted 7688: 7164: 7159: 6329: 6294: 5944: 5917: 3697: 3540:"How Trans Friendly is the Driver's License Gender Marker Change Policy in Your State?" 2239: 2212: 1348:

said that several studies have found that legal gender recognition frameworks based on

1264: 1193:

be updated "in line with the principles of gender self-declaration". Later in 2016, in

1111: 1035: 849: 157: 4134: 3395:"Baja California Sur aprueba Ley de Identidad Trans; va contra terapias de conversión" 2600: 901:

In late-January 2018, over 1000 Irish feminists, including several groups such as the

61:, where self-identification was introduced in 2015. Self-identification is opposed by 7775: 7245: 7228: 7213: 7174: 6956: 6884: 6629: 6585: 6497: 6458: 6408: 6373: 6237: 6196: 6153: 6102: 6067: 6005: 5134: 4659: 4604:"Swedish law proposals on legal gender recognition and gender reassignment treatment" 4454: 4300:. The European Parliament's Intergroup on LGBTI Rights. June 12, 2014. Archived from 2389: 2354: 1496: 1462: 1271:, expressed a desire for a similar reform of gender-recognition law in Wales and the 1166: 722: 156:. Proposals to introduce it have proved controversial in some countries, such as the 6279: 4762:"Citizens' initiative calling for trans law reform moves to parliamentary committee" 4481: 1205:

reduced the cost of application to £5, and the procedure to apply was moved online.

924:

Att dwar l-Identità tal-Ġeneru, l-Espressjoni tal-Ġeneru u l-Karatteristiċi tas-Sess

446:

Since 2019, the Gender Identity Law (21,120) recognizes the right to self-perceived

7180: 6941: 6851: 6619: 5704:"All colours of the rainbow: why Tasmania's new gender identity laws are warranted" 5606: 5578: 4581: 3727:"Trans equality in India: Affirmation of the right to self-determination of gender" 3339:"Aprueban cambio en identidad de genero y Nombre de Personas Trans en Quintana Roo" 3313:"Jalisco reconoce el derecho a la identidad de personas Trans para todas la edades" 2747:"Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex on IDs Without Physical Exams" 2719:"These Ten Trans People Just Got Their First IDs Under Colombia's New Gender Rules" 2074: 2017: 1634: 1610: 1577: 1352:

can have negative effects on transgender and intersex individuals. A 2018 study in

1260: 841: 582: 173: 7755: 6736: 6704: 6365: 6094: 5051:"Presidente da República promulga lei da autodeterminação da identidade de género" 4972:"Portugal can still be legislative innovators on LGBTI equality – don't stop now!" 3179:"Congreso de Colima aprueba cambio de identidad de género en documentos oficiales" 2775:"Change in Sex Designation in Identity Card (Cedula) Possible If Bill Is Approved" 2345: 2328: 1537:"Explained: Countries that allow gender self-identification, and the law in India" 538: 368:

or psychiatric diagnosis that labels them as having an abnormality". In 2015, the

6319: 6059: 4935: 3642: 3365:"Aprueban #LeyAgnes: Puebla Reconoce el Derecho al Cambio de Identidad de genero" 2381: 1132:. It set a minimum age of 14, though those 14 through 16 need parental approval. 7034: 6906: 6744: 6725: 6699: 6655: 6636: 6538: 5783:"Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Bill — First Reading" 5383:

Fairbairn, Catherine; Douglas Pyper; Manjit Gheera; Philip Loft (16 July 2020).

4976: 4608: 4372: 4046: 3474:"Informa CEDHBC sobre derecho a adecuación sexo-genérica en actas de nacimiento" 2585: 1310: 1198: 1060: 786: 625:

marker on California birth certificates, drivers' licenses, and identity cards.

497: 204: 149: 129: 54: 50: 6228: 6211: 6180: 6046:

Mann, Samuel (December 2021). "Transgender employment and gender marker laws".

5574:"Scottish government hails 'historic day' as MSPs pass gender recognition bill" 1263:, the first time section 35 has been used. After the Scottish Parliament vote, 406:

published the rules to be followed by registry offices concerning the subject.

7169: 6675: 6660: 6489: 6271: 5865:"Birth certificate changes welcomed by takatāpui, trans and non-binary people" 3267:"En Chihuahua, personas trans pueden adecuar acta de nacimiento sin un amparo" 2668:"LEY NÚM. 21.120 RECONOCE Y DA PROTECCIÓN AL DERECHO A LA IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO" 2229: 888: 766: 337: 188: 121: 97: 6649: 6442: 5987: 3668:"Trans people in Uruguay can now self-identify their gender, without surgery" 2013:"Europe's terrible trans rights record: will Denmark's new law spark change?" 268:, an international network of LGBT+ student and youth organizations, and the 7588: 7154: 6694: 6614: 6580: 6561: 6473: 6400: 5385:"Research Briefing: Gender recognition and the rights of transgender people" 4655:"Ändring av juridiskt kön kan bli möjlig från 12 år – "Vi har väntat länge"" 4192: 2916:"Costa Rica Joins Global Push to Recognize Legal Gender Self-Identification" 2899: 2447:"Choose or update the gender identifier on your passport or travel document" 1918:

Discrimination against transgender people in Europe – Resolution 2048 (2015)

1293: 1272: 1095: 521:

Federal entities of Mexico recognising gender self-identification as of 2022

431: 321: 200: 196: 161: 77: 31: 7001: 6338: 6188: 5953: 5934: 5466:"Reform of the Gender Recognition Act — Analysis of consultation responses" 4499: 4219: 2248: 1916: 1454: 2802:"Personas trans podrían cambiar su sexo en el Registro al cumplir 18 años" 2428:"Transexuais já podem mudar nome em documentos nos cartórios de todo país" 372:

cited Argentina as an exemplary country for providing transgender rights.

7693: 6710: 6687: 6144: 5657:"Gender reform: Drakeford says Scottish law block is dangerous precedent" 5511: 5120: 4793: 4433: 3591: 3587:"Americans will be able to self-identify their gender on their passports" 2972:"Aprueban reforma a la ley de identidad de género en la Ciudad de México" 2723: 1213: 1154: 952: 778: 566: 546: 333: 192: 141: 137: 93: 6134: 6117: 5070:"Marcelo promulga lei da Uber e alteração à lei da identidade de género" 4861:"BE apresenta projecto de lei para permitir mudança de sexo aos 16 anos" 4816:"Parliament passes long-awaited amendments to Finland's transgender law" 4350:"L 182 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om Det Centrale Personregister" 3141:"Diputados de Hidalgo aprueban cambios de género en actas de nacimiento" 2506:"Québec recule sur les aspects jugés transphobes de son projet de loi 2" 1804: 6717: 6643: 6608: 5996: 5259:"Die Menschenrechte von trans Personen in der Schweiz - humanrights.ch" 5089:"Lei da autodeterminação da identidade de género entra em vigor amanhã" 4163:"Ireland passes bill allowing gender marker changes on legal documents" 4085: 2489: 2070:"Dentons campaigns for kids to switch gender without parental approval" 1003: 995: 869: 833: 758: 754: 750: 746: 606: 598: 578: 542: 426:

announced that he would be withdrawing that requirement from the bill.

345: 341: 257: 153: 113: 109: 105: 101: 81: 4298:"Denmark becomes Europe's leading country on legal gender recognition" 3849:"Establishing a Third Gender Category in Nepal: Process and Prognosis" 3161:"Es oficial, las personas trans ya pueden cambiar de identidad en SLP" 1630:"UK government drops gender self-identification plan for trans people" 7683: 6681: 6507: 5358:"What the Equality Act says about gender reassignment discrimination" 5109:

Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society

5014:"Parlamento volta a aprovar autodeterminação da identidade de género" 3975:"Nouvelle loi transgenre : un grand pas pour les droits humains" 3870: 2829:"TSE avala plan que permite cambio de género a personas transexuales" 2124: 1276: 1209: 794: 790: 774: 586: 574: 562: 558: 419: 325: 169: 165: 133: 85: 5967:

Davy, Zowie; Sørlie, Anniken; Schwend, Amets Suess (February 2018).

5722:"Victorians set to win right to choose gender on birth certificates" 5464:

King, Daniel; Carrie Paechter; Maranda Ridgway (22 September 2020).

4554: 4082:"Germany plans cultural revolution on immigration, youth and gender" 3209:"Avanza Oaxaca en reconocimiento a la identidad de género: Congreso" 2581:"Nova Scotia to unveil gender option changes for identity documents" 1762:

Reports on Gender: The Law of Inclusion & Practices of Exclusion

6472:

Hasenbush, Amira; Flores, Andrew R.; Herman, Jody L. (March 2019).

6424:"(Trans)Forming Single-Gender Services and Communal Accommodations" 5898:"Explainer: The decades-long battle for gender self-identification" 5685:"Tasmania's transgender community celebrates legislation milestone" 5032:"Parlamento aprova lei da autodeterminação da identidade de género" 2524:"Newfoundland to allow switch to gender-neutral birth certificates" 2125:"Only adults? Good practices in legal gender recognition for youth" 6624: 4324:

World must follow Denmark's example after landmark transgender law

4166: 1092:

Spain passed gender self-identification in February 2023, via the

906:

feminist community" and accused the British group of colonialism.

782: 770: 736: 516: 329: 306: 265: 184: 180: 145: 125: 89: 5922:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

5602:"UK government formally blocks Scotland's gender recognition law" 4954:"Parliament approves change of gender on official ID from age 16" 4761: 2445:

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (February 2, 2017).

1984: 1950: 1345:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

262:

Only adults? Good practices in legal gender recognition for youth

7703: 6665: 5758:"Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Bill" 4684:"Riksdagsstöd för att sänka åldern för ändring av juridiskt kön" 4368:"Norway set to allow gender change without medical intervention" 4273:"Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act" 3871:"निर्णय नं. ९८७५ – परमादेश (The official supreme court decision" 1047: 1043: 6511: 6253:"Governing Legal Embodiment: On the Limits of Self-Declaration" 4815: 4108:"Germany unveils plans for simpler legal gender change process" 4062:"Roundtable on Legal gender recognition in Cyprus – 15 October" 2206: 2204: 1947:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

824:. As of October 2021, the bill was still in draft status. 222:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

7708: 1319:

Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Bill

916:

Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act

4248:""Stay away from Ireland," British anti-trans feminists told" 3286:"¡Lo lograron! Aprueban Ley de Identidad de Género en Sonora" 2098:"Campaigners for gender recognition law 'should avoid media'" 1831:"Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law" 4936:"Portugal's parliament approves new legal gender change law" 3779:"The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules, 2020" 1691:"Scottish government to legalise gender self-identification" 666:

affirmed the right to self-determination in two 2014 cases.

4429:"Norway now allows trans people to decide their own gender" 3698:"India court recognises transgender people as third gender" 2617:

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (2020-11-19).

1018:

said that they would vote in favour of the bill, while the

5492:"Letter to UK Prime Minister on Gender Recognition Reform" 3614:"Fact Sheet: California's Gender Recognition Act (SB 179)" 5438:"Poll finds people oppose self-declared gender by 3-to-1" 5211:"Swiss Parliament passes LGR based on self-determination" 4135:"Bestätigter Gesetzesentwurf zum Selbstbestimmungsgesetz" 2936:"LEY ORGÁNICA DE GESTIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD Y DATOS CIVILES" 2601:"Improving gender designation process for people in B.C." 1859: 1857: 1855: 4577:"On trans issues, Iceland has just put Britain to shame" 3993:"Nouvelle réglementation pour les personnes transgenres" 3511:

Comisión Estatal de los Derechos Humanos Baja California

3095:"Aprueba Congreso de Nayarit ley de identidad de género" 2191:"African Voices: Well behaved women rarely make history" 1573:"Gender recognition certificate fee cut from £140 to £5" 1084:

7 August 2018 and took effect the next day on 8 August.

5918:"Gender Identity: The Human Right of Depathologization" 5629:"Mark Drakeford backs Scottish gender recognition move" 4387:

Services, Ministry of Health and Care (18 March 2016).

3563:"Summary of State Birth Certificate Gender Change Laws" 3008:"Mexico: Barriers for Trans People in Guanajuato State" 1865:"THEMATIC REPORT ON LEGAL GENDER RECOGNITION IN EUROPE" 1667:"Spain moves step closer to gender self-identification" 6930:

Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism

6116:

Alm, Erika; Engebretsen, Elisabeth L. (15 June 2020).

1401:

nondiscrimination laws are not empirically grounded."

981:

Norwegian Organisation for Sexual and Gender Diversity

5814:"Births, deaths, and genders: a quiet bill goes loud" 4710:"Svenskarna positiva till ny lag om könstillhörighet" 4404: 4402: 3754:"Guide on the Rights of Transgender Persons in India" 160:. Within countries organized as federations, such as 4636:"RFSL and RFSU meet social minister Lena Hallengren" 3240:"Aprueban en Tlaxcala cambio de identidad de género" 3121:"Aprueban cambio de identidad de género en Coahuila" 2855:"Alvarado firma decreto que favorece a transexuales" 2563:"Sex indicator amendment on an Alberta birth record" 1799: 1797: 1795: 671:

Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019

7669: 7645: 7412: 7362: 7263: 7256: 7126: 6987: 6905: 6837: 6755: 6548: 3480:(in Spanish). Tijuana. 18 June 2019. Archived from 2483:Caruso-Moro, Luca; Ross, Selena (21 October 2021). 1805:"Trans Rights Index Europe & Central Asia 2023" 5161:"Victory in Fight for Gender Recognition in Spain" 3847:Bochenek, Michael; Knight, Kyle (1 January 2012). 3421:"Aprueban Ley de Identidad de Género en el Edomex" 3073:"Aprueban Ley de Identidad de Género en Michoacán" 2294:Lahrichi, Kamilia; La Valle, Leo (April 4, 2016). 1825: 1823: 1821: 1719: 1689: 1628:Murphy, Simon; Brooks, Libby (22 September 2020). 1446:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 719:Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 5409:Women and Equalities Committee (8 January 2016). 3936:"Pakistan passes landmark transgender rights law" 3478:Baja California State Commission for Human Rights 1975: 1973: 1941: 1939: 6634: 4736:"Fokus Novus: Svagt stöd för juridiskt könsbyte" 2895:"Costa Rica passes decrees boosting LGBT rights" 689:requisite for the latter. In November 2020, the 3371:(in Spanish). February 25, 2021. Archived from 3055:"Mexico Transgender Ruling a Beacon for Change" 1923:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1519: 727:مُتَجَنَّس افراد کے لیے (تحفظ حقوق) قانون 2018ء 217:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4880:"BE quer permitir mudança de sexo aos 16 anos" 3829:Sunil Babu Pant and Others v. Nepal Government 3185:(in Spanish). 13 February 2019. Archived from 1665:Carreño, Belén; Allen, Nathan (29 June 2021). 1623: 1621: 1566: 1564: 705:Sunil Babu Pant and Others v. Nepal Government 38:without any medical requirements, such as via 6523: 1125: 1117: 1109: 1093: 987:and by the feminist movement, notably by the 811:statutory declaration confirming the change. 292:ND v Attorney General of Botswana and Another 8: 3910:"The reality of transgender rights in Nepal" 3215:(in Spanish). 30 August 2019. Archived from 1891:"Argentina Recognizes Non-Binary Identities" 6169:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 5728:. June 18, 2019 – via www.abc.net.au. 5691:. April 4, 2019 – via www.abc.net.au. 4551:"New law to help trans and intersex people" 3513:(in Spanish). 15 April 2019. Archived from 3079:(in Spanish). July 29, 2017. Archived from 2861:(in Spanish). June 28, 2018. Archived from 1492:"Continental Europe enters the gender wars" 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1034:said they would oppose the bill, while the 1006:by a vote of 45–0, with three abstentions. 886: 7260: 6530: 6516: 6508: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3119:Rodríguez, Francisco (November 13, 2018). 2543:"Gender-inclusive ID documents introduced" 2296:"Argentina's Field of Dreams for the LGBT" 1599: 1597: 1595: 691:Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment 6451:1983/15c4a518-2967-4656-9829-2c578ac9dc60 6328: 6318: 6227: 6143: 6133: 5995: 5943: 5933: 2881:Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica 2530:. The Canadian Press. September 21, 2017. 2466:"Québec facilitera le changement de sexe" 2344: 2238: 2228: 2217:BMC International Health and Human Rights 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1354:BMC International Health and Human Rights 797:a court permission is required. In 2014, 452:Civil Registry and Identification Service 317:BMC International Health and Human Rights 256:in November 2019, multinational law firm 4017:(in Greek). 22 June 2019. Archived from 3571:National Center for Transgender Equality 3548:National Center for Transgender Equality 1438: 1436: 1332:National Council of Women of New Zealand 989:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights 877:change the gender entry of their child. 18: 1432: 6857:Legal recognition of non-binary gender 5896:Mitchell, Charlie (November 6, 2021). 5793:from the original on 21 September 2021 4682:Koch-Emmery, Linn (14 November 2021). 4348:Vestager, Margrethe (9 January 2017). 3888:Kapali, Rukshana (November 16, 2018). 3802:Kelleher, Patrick (25 November 2020). 3284:Maytorena, Alberto (October 1, 2020). 3265:Mayorga, Patricia (26 November 2019). 2914:Vivanco, José Miguel (8 August 2018). 2504:Carabin, François (November 9, 2021). 2308:from the original on November 22, 2016 2169:"Legal Gender Recognition in Botswana" 1606:"The Party Whose Success Is a Problem" 1189:issued a report recommending that the 4653:Thorén, Mathilda (10 November 2021). 2063: 2061: 685:or medical intervention (Section 7). 65:, who consider safety in places like 7: 6478:Sexuality Research and Social Policy 5362:Equality and Human Rights Commission 5230:Bancroft, Holly (26 December 2021). 3311:Orozco, Mariana (October 30, 2020). 2304:. U.S. News & World Report L.P. 2068:Hamilton, Jamie (29 November 2019). 1718:Goodwin, Daisy (10 September 2021). 1411:Feminist views on transgender topics 1030:expressed support for the bill. The 485:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 274:international human rights standards 237:Positions of international charities 5826:from the original on 18 August 2021 5087:Martinho, Beatriz (7 August 2018). 4787:Davis, Matilda (25 November 2020). 4549:Elliott, Alexander (19 June 2019). 3890:"Moving beyond two, stuck in three" 3827:Supreme Court of Nepal. Apr. 2007. 3238:Rodríguez, Areli (1 October 2019). 3053:Ghoshal, Neela (October 29, 2018). 2464:Boivin, Simon (September 5, 2015). 2404:"Ley N° 807 de Identidad de Género" 2096:Cross, Michael (20 November 2019). 1991:United Nations Human Rights Council 1957:United Nations Human Rights Council 726: 635:Comprehensive Law for Trans Persons 530:Legislative Assembly of Mexico City 5572:Brooks, Libby (22 December 2022). 4612:. 10 February 2015. Archived from 4482:"Lov om endring av juridisk kjønn" 4410:"Lov om endring av juridisk kjønn" 4218:Donohoe, Katie (24 January 2018). 4161:Hofflich, Jessica (20 July 2015). 3678:from the original on 9 August 2019 3585:Larkin, Alexandra (30 June 2021). 2974:. 13 November 2014. Archived from 2952:from the original on 6 August 2016 2642:Moetaz, Mohanad (March 30, 2021). 2189:Tanhira, Miles (August 23, 2017). 1416:Legal status of transgender people 14: 6033:policystudies.blogs.bristol.ac.uk 5845:Manch, Thomas (9 December 2021). 5702:Gogarty, Brendan (21 June 2020). 5600:Walker, Peter (17 January 2023). 5068:Valente, Liliana (31 July 2018). 4246:Wilson, James (23 January 2018). 2992:. 15 October 2018. Archived from 2176:Southern Africa Litigation Centre 2011:Saner, Emine (1 September 2014). 1688:Boothman, John (22 August 2021). 1259:to block the bill from receiving 1197:, a proposal was developed under 1108:and its junior coalition partner 489:2018 Costa Rican general election 211:Positions of international bodies 34:or gender is determined by their 7754: 5332:"Equality Act 2010, section 217" 4859:Rodrigues, Sofia (25 May 2016). 4193:"Gender Recognition Certificate" 4040:Savva, Anna (October 15, 2021). 643:Ley Integral Para Personas Trans 480:it was ultimately unsuccessful. 5877:from the original on 2 May 2021 5470:His Majesty's Stationery Office 4389:"Easier to change legal gender" 4197:Department of Social Protection 3345:(in Spanish). November 18, 2020 2800:Sequeira, Aarón (7 June 2017). 2434:(in Portuguese). June 29, 2018. 30:is the concept that a person's 7155:Cisgender / cissexual 7150:Childhood gender nonconformity 5812:Smith, Phil (12 August 2021). 4878:Cruz, Hermana (May 25, 2016). 4742:(in Swedish). 26 December 2021 4716:(in Swedish). 14 November 2021 4416:(in Norwegian). 29 March 2016. 3979:Amnesty International Belgique 3963:. Amnesty International. 2014. 3853:Emory International Law Review 2827:Mata, Esteban (13 June 2017). 2541:Southam, Greg (June 8, 2018). 1571:Weaver, Matthew (3 May 2021). 1248:Gender Recognition Reform Bill 1187:Women and Equalities Committee 389:took effect on 1 August 2016. 1: 7724:Social construction of gender 6422:Dunne, Peter (October 2017). 6366:10.1080/14754835.2020.1845129 6210:Nirta, Caterina (July 2021). 6095:10.1080/08989575.2019.1542822 5505:Parsons, Vic (18 June 2020). 4427:Mitchell, Bea (6 June 2016). 4011:"Εγκλωβισμένοι σε λάθος σώμα" 2675:diariooficial.interior.gob.cl 2346:10.1080/14754835.2018.1450739 1051:minors still living at home. 7204:Gender-sexuality questioning 6320:10.1371/journal.pone.0105402 6118:"Gender Self-identification" 6060:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102072 4575:Fisher, Owl (21 June 2019). 2752:International Business Times 2382:10.1080/09614524.2013.802291 2301:U.S. News & World Report 2271:. 9 May 2012. Archived from 2040:"The state decides who I am" 1421:Transgender people in sports 1328:Māori Women's Welfare League 955:on 6 June, supported by the 846:2021 German federal election 73:, to be adversely affected. 5472:. pp. 8–9. CP 294 5436:Gordon, Tom (3 July 2018). 5192:(in French). Archived from 4448:Morgan, Joe (6 June 2016). 3934:Hashim, Asad (9 May 2018). 2883:(in Spanish). 28 June 2018. 1993:, paragraph 36, A/HRC/47/27 1959:, paragraph 73, A/HRC/29/23 1604:Lewis, Helen (5 May 2021). 1191:Gender Recognition Act 2004 895:Gender Recognition Act 2015 683:gender confirmation surgery 47:transgender rights movement 7808: 7139:Androphilia and gynephilia 6847:Gender self-identification 6431:Social & Legal Studies 6251:Dietz, Chris (July 2018). 6229:10.1007/s10978-021-09286-y 6181:10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101478 5413:(Report). House of Commons 4525:"Norsk Kvinnesaksforening" 4220:"Ireland Says No To TERFs" 3504:"Recomendación No. 5/2019" 3167:(in Spanish). 17 May 2019. 3101:(in Spanish). 22 July 2017 1203:Boris Johnson's government 926:), enacted in April 2015. 463:The decree, signed by the 270:Thomson Reuters Foundation 254:Transgender Awareness Week 207:and some American states. 45:It is a major goal of the 28:Gender self-identification 7734: 6915:Against non-binary people 6596:Non-binary or genderqueer 6490:10.1007/s13178-018-0335-z 6272:10.1007/s10691-018-9373-4 3981:(in French). 24 May 2017. 2230:10.1186/s12914-019-0217-3 1253:United Kingdom government 1242:On 22 December 2022, the 1126: 1118: 1110: 946:in Norway introduced the 903:University College Dublin 887: 872:'s parliament passed the 528:On 13 November 2014, the 483:Following a January 2018 370:World Health Organization 260:produced a report titled 245:released a report titled 7782:Feminism and transgender 6443:10.1177/0964663917692027 5988:10.1177/0261018317731716 5389:House of Commons Library 1298:sex reassignment surgery 838:sex reassignment surgery 822:sex reassignment surgery 647:Sex reassignment surgery 535:Sex reassignment surgery 469:Ministry of the Interior 404:National Justice Council 7040:Non-binary People's Day 6920:Against transgender men 6635: 6568:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai 6401:10.1111/1468-2230.12507 6354:Journal of Human Rights 5870:Human Rights Commission 5036:www.jornaldenegocios.pt 4958:www.theportugalnews.com 4500:"Historisk lov vedtatt" 3834:11 October 2016 at the 3725:Kothari, Jayna (2020). 2943:Asambleanacional.gob.ec 2370:Development in Practice 2333:Journal of Human Rights 2103:The Law Society Gazette 1981:Madrigal-Borloz, Victor 1757:Madrigal-Borloz, Victor 1385:Journal of Human Rights 1324:Human Rights Commission 1269:First Minister of Wales 1255:used section 35 of the 1081:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 874:Selbstbestimmungsgesetz 858:Social Democratic Party 854:traffic light coalition 493:Carlos Alvarado Quesada 377:Journal of Human Rights 7761:Transgender portal 7714:Sex–gender distinction 7181:Gender detransitioning 6997:Anatomical terminology 6260:Feminist Legal Studies 5976:Critical Social Policy 5935:10.3390/ijerph16060978 5787:New Zealand Parliament 5762:New Zealand Parliament 3618:Transgender Law Center 3035:Mexico: Events of 2019 2697:"DECRETO 1227 DE 2015" 2327:Hollar, Julie (2018). 1455:10.1515/ijsl-2018-2016 1359:Critical Social Policy 1315:New Zealand Parliament 1273:legislative competence 1094: 948:Gender Recognition Act 938:On 18 March 2016, the 923: 742: 642: 522: 312: 297:High Court of Botswana 227:Victor Madrigal-Borloz 24: 7699:Queer heterosexuality 7219:Rapid-onset dysphoria 6897:Yogyakarta Principles 6389:The Modern Law Review 4504:Amnesty International 2865:on February 14, 2020. 2044:Amnesty International 1723:The Transgender Issue 1073:People–Animals–Nature 985:Amnesty International 885:On 15 July 2015, the 862:Free Democratic Party 799:Amnesty International 740: 520: 399:Supreme Federal Court 310: 264:, written along with 243:Amnesty International 40:statutory declaration 22: 7193:Gender transitioning 7145:Blanchard's typology 7067:fictional characters 6925:Anti-gender movement 6877:Rights organizations 5443:The Herald (Glasgow) 5411:Transgender Equality 4173:on 10 September 2015 3916:. September 25, 2020 3290:El Sol de Hermosillo 3183:El Herlado de México 2859:www.laprensalibre.cr 1729:— the gender agenda" 1391:A 2020 paper in the 1102:Congress of Deputies 1056:citizen's initiative 1046:and commissioned by 973:Socialist Left Party 619:District of Columbia 424:Simon Jolin-Barrette 375:A 2018 paper in the 7679:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 7012:LGBTQ-related films 6989:Society and culture 6311:2014PLoSO...9j5402S 6135:10.34041/ln.v25.613 5789:. 5 December 2017. 5288:www.fedlex.admin.ch 5219:. 18 December 2020. 5140:Diário da República 4918:"DetalheIniciativa" 4900:"DetalheIniciativa" 4842:"DetalheIniciativa" 4304:on 12 February 2015 3674:. 19 October 2018. 3042:. December 9, 2019. 2996:on 22 January 2019. 2903:. 21 December 2018. 2606:. January 14, 2022. 2268:The Washington Post 1376:University of Leeds 1244:Scottish Parliament 1225:Fair Play for Women 1040:Christian Democrats 1000:Katrín Jakobsdóttir 591:Baja California Sur 465:Ministry of Justice 215:In April 2015, the 7792:Transgender rights 7787:Gender and society 7719:Sexual orientation 7025:Day of Remembrance 5873:. 10 August 2018. 5746:. August 15, 2019. 5336:legislation.gov.uk 5263:www.humanrights.ch 5216:Transgender Europe 5165:Human Rights Watch 5121:10.1093/sp/jxab015 4996:www.presidencia.pt 4885:Jornal de Notícias 4768:. 17 November 2021 4616:on 19 January 2022 4225:Gay Community News 4088:. 24 November 2020 4070:. 15 October 2021. 3997:justice.belgium.be 3895:The Kathmandu Post 3875:Nepal Law Magazine 3450:"LGR Chart Mexico" 3375:on August 15, 2021 3219:on 14 January 2023 3059:Human Rights Watch 3040:Human Rights Watch 3012:Human Rights Watch 2921:Human Rights Watch 2677:. 10 December 2018 1542:The Indian Express 1398:Williams Institute 1232:Human Rights Watch 957:Conservative Party 944:Solberg Government 743: 679:Transgender Person 523: 313: 177:self-determination 71:fairness in sports 25: 7769: 7768: 7665: 7664: 7187:Gender expression 7030:Day of Visibility 6551:Gender identities 5819:Radio New Zealand 5665:. 17 January 2023 5637:. 10 January 2023 5135:"Act No. 38/2018" 5002:on July 12, 2018. 4922:www.parlamento.pt 4904:www.parlamento.pt 4846:www.parlamento.pt 4822:. 1 February 2023 4642:. 10 August 2020. 4462:on 30 August 2018 4376:. March 18, 2016. 4067:Council of Europe 3484:on 15 August 2021 3419:Huerta, Violeta. 3149:. April 25, 2019. 2978:on July 28, 2017. 2781:. 19 January 2016 2376:(5–06): 701–720. 2195:Transadvocate.com 1869:Council of Europe 1393:Modern Law Review 1338:Academic research 1257:Scotland Act 1998 1195:England and Wales 1175:Equality Act 2010 1149:In May 2018, the 1011:Löfven Government 69:and prisons, and 7799: 7759: 7758: 7636: 7503: 7469: 7440: 7390: 7308: 7281: 7261: 7195: 7183: 7141: 7062:Media portrayals 6990: 6768:Gender dysphoria 6761: 6640: 6552: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6509: 6502: 6501: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6428: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6332: 6322: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6257: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6231: 6216:Law and Critique 6207: 6201: 6200: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6137: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6048:Labour Economics 6043: 6037: 6036: 6025: 6019: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5999: 5973: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5947: 5937: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5708:The Conversation 5699: 5693: 5692: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5538: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5494:. June 17, 2020. 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5418: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5199:on 15 July 2018. 5198: 5191: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5095:(in Portuguese). 5084: 5078: 5077: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4998:. 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Following the 728: 702:In 2007, in the 315:A 2018 study in 280:Around the world 179:is available in 7807: 7806: 7802: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7765: 7753: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7661: 7648: 7641: 7630: 7497: 7463: 7434: 7408: 7384: 7358: 7302: 7275: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7241:Transmedicalism 7209:Gender variance 7199:Gender identity 7191: 7179: 7137: 7128: 7122: 6988: 6983: 6901: 6872:Rights movement 6833: 6785:Hormone therapy 6780:Puberty blocker 6756: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6601:Gender fluidity 6550: 6544: 6536: 6506: 6505: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6013: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5880: 5878: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5662:BBC News Online 5655: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5634:BBC News Online 5627: 5626: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5561:. 28 June 2021. 5553: 5552: 5548: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5448: 5446: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5416: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5316: 5314: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5292: 5290: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5268: 5266: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5237:The Independent 5229: 5228: 5224: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5196: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5170: 5168: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5145: 5143: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5049:Lusa, Agência. 5048: 5047: 5043: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4534: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4488:(in Norwegian). 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4332: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4307: 4305: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4199:. 22 April 2021 4191: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4143: 4141: 4140:. 12 April 2024 4137: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4021:on 26 June 2019 4009: 4008: 4004: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3919: 3917: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3836:Wayback Machine 3826: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3735:NUJS Law Review 3729: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3706:. 15 April 2014 3703:BBC News Online 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3647:www.impo.com.uy 3641: 3640: 3636: 3627: 3625: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3520:on 11 July 2019 3517: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3438: 3429: 3427: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3369:Animal Politico 3363: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3104: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2650: 2648:www.cicnews.com 2641: 2640: 2636: 2627: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2589:. July 8, 2019. 2579: 2578: 2574: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2311: 2309: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2178:. October 2020. 2171: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2131:. November 2019 2123: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2067: 2066: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1996: 1994: 1983:(3 June 2021), 1979: 1978: 1971: 1962: 1960: 1945: 1944: 1937: 1928: 1926: 1925:, 22 April 2015 1915: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1863: 1862: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1793: 1786: 1784: 1775: 1773: 1772:, pp. 6, 8 1765: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1735:Financial Times 1717: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1672: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1603: 1602: 1593: 1583: 1581: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1548: 1546: 1535: 1534: 1517: 1503: 1501: 1490: 1489: 1474: 1442: 1441: 1434: 1429: 1407: 1350:pathologization 1340: 1317:introduced the 1307: 1290: 1285: 1163: 1151:Federal Council 1147: 1134:A previous bill 1106:Socialist Party 1090: 1069: 998:Prime Minister 932: 912: 883: 830: 817: 808: 735: 715: 700: 660: 655: 631: 615: 603:Baja California 595:State of Mexico 555:San Luis Potosí 515: 506: 487:ruling and the 477: 460: 448:gender identity 444: 412: 395: 386: 362:hormone therapy 354: 305: 287: 282: 239: 213: 36:gender identity 17: 12: 11: 5: 7805: 7803: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7774: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7689:Gender studies 7686: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7653: 7651: 7649:office-holders 7643: 7642: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7637: 7622: 7621: 7620: 7615: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7596:United Kingdom 7593: 7592: 7591: 7583: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7568: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7511: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7489: 7488: 7487: 7485:2016 bill C-16 7477: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7429: 7418: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7344: 7342:United Kingdom 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7269: 7267: 7258: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7165:Cross-dressing 7162: 7160:Cisnormativity 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7134: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7020:Awareness Week 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6993: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6937:Asylum seekers 6934: 6933: 6932: 6922: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6907:Discrimination 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6885:bathroom bills 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6782: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6764: 6762: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6733: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6697: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6646: 6641: 6632: 6627: 6617: 6612: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6546: 6545: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6512: 6504: 6503: 6464: 6437:(5): 537–561. 6414: 6395:(3): 539–557. 6379: 6344: 6305:(8): e105402. 6285: 6266:(2): 185–204. 6243: 6222:(2): 217–233. 6202: 6159: 6122:Lambda Nordica 6108: 6073: 6038: 6020: 6011: 5959: 5907: 5888: 5856: 5837: 5804: 5774: 5749: 5731: 5713: 5694: 5676: 5648: 5620: 5592: 5564: 5546: 5525: 5497: 5483: 5456: 5428: 5401: 5375: 5349: 5338:. 8 April 2010 5323: 5299: 5275: 5250: 5222: 5202: 5177: 5152: 5126: 5098: 5079: 5060: 5041: 5023: 5005: 4983: 4980:. 10 May 2018. 4963: 4945: 4927: 4909: 4891: 4870: 4851: 4833: 4807: 4779: 4753: 4727: 4701: 4674: 4645: 4627: 4595: 4567: 4541: 4516: 4491: 4473: 4440: 4419: 4398: 4379: 4359: 4340: 4314: 4289: 4264: 4238: 4210: 4184: 4152: 4126: 4114:. 30 June 2022 4099: 4073: 4053: 4032: 4002: 3984: 3966: 3949: 3926: 3901: 3880: 3862: 3839: 3820: 3794: 3770: 3745: 3717: 3689: 3659: 3643:"Ley N° 19684" 3634: 3605: 3577: 3554: 3531: 3495: 3465: 3436: 3411: 3401:. 29 June 2021 3386: 3356: 3330: 3303: 3276: 3257: 3230: 3200: 3170: 3152: 3132: 3111: 3086: 3083:on 2017-07-29. 3064: 3045: 3025: 3014:. 21 June 2022 2999: 2981: 2963: 2945:(in Spanish). 2927: 2906: 2886: 2868: 2846: 2819: 2792: 2766: 2738: 2727:. 10 June 2015 2710: 2688: 2659: 2634: 2609: 2592: 2572: 2567:www.alberta.ca 2554: 2533: 2515: 2496: 2475: 2456: 2437: 2419: 2395: 2360: 2339:(4): 453–469. 2319: 2286: 2254: 2200: 2181: 2160: 2142: 2116: 2088: 2057: 2031: 2003: 1969: 1949:(4 May 2015), 1935: 1908: 1882: 1851: 1817: 1791: 1748: 1710: 1680: 1648: 1617: 1591: 1560: 1515: 1500:. 12 June 2021 1472: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1406: 1403: 1339: 1336: 1306: 1303: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1265:Mark Drakeford 1162: 1161:United Kingdom 1159: 1146: 1143: 1112:Unidas Podemos 1100:passed by the 1089: 1086: 1075:party and the 1068: 1065: 1036:Moderate Party 965:Progress Party 931: 928: 911: 908: 882: 879: 850:new government 832:In June 2021, 829: 826: 816: 813: 807: 804: 734: 731: 714: 711: 699: 696: 662:In India, the 659: 656: 654: 651: 630: 627: 614: 611: 514: 511: 505: 502: 476: 473: 459: 456: 443: 440: 411: 408: 394: 391: 385: 382: 353: 350: 304: 301: 286: 283: 281: 278: 238: 235: 212: 209: 158:United Kingdom 63:some feminists 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7804: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7733: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7657:United States 7655: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7644: 7634: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613:legal history 7611: 7610: 7609: 7608:United States 7606: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7570:South Africa 7569: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7501: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7467: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7438: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7377:ancient Egypt 7375: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7347:United States 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7279: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7262: 7259: 7255: 7247: 7246:Transmisogyny 7244: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7229:Transfeminism 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7214:Postgenderism 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7182: 7178: 7176: 7175:Gender binary 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6986: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6957:Transmisogyny 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6898: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6795:masculinizing 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6746: 6743: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6586:Gender bender 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6553: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6519: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6465: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6425: 6418: 6415: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6380: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6345: 6340: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6289: 6286: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6244: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6206: 6203: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6160: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6145:11250/3048285 6141: 6136: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6112: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6042: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6021: 6015: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5911: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5889: 5876: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5838: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5808: 5805: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5714: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5695: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5596: 5593: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5568: 5565: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5543:. March 2021. 5542: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5471: 5467: 5460: 5457: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5412: 5405: 5402: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5376: 5364:. 15 May 2019 5363: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5300: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5223: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5195: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5102: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4834: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4780: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4715: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4675: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4571: 4568: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4542: 4531:on 2022-09-11 4530: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4474: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4455:Gay Star News 4451: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4423: 4420: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4393:Government.no 4390: 4383: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4341: 4331:on 2014-08-29 4330: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4315: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4274: 4268: 4265: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4239: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4214: 4211: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4153: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4036: 4033: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3937: 3930: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3821: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3795: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3728: 3721: 3718: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3677: 3673: 3672:Gay Star News 3669: 3663: 3660: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3624:on 2023-04-06 3623: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3581: 3578: 3574:. April 2020. 3573: 3572: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3412: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3304: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3277: 3273:(in Spanish). 3272: 3268: 3261: 3258: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3231: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3189:on 2 May 2019 3188: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3166: 3165:LaOrquesta.mx 3162: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3147: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3129:(in Spanish). 3128: 3127: 3122: 3115: 3112: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3029: 3026: 3013: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2907: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2847: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2820: 2807: 2803: 2796: 2793: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2755:. 8 June 2015 2754: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2676: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2649: 2645: 2638: 2635: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2479: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2451:www.canada.ca 2448: 2441: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2320: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2290: 2287: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2092: 2089: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2004: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1771: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1737: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1714: 1711: 1699: 1698: 1692: 1684: 1681: 1668: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1545:. 1 July 2021 1544: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1499: 1498: 1497:The Economist 1493: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1181:In 2016, the 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167:Great Britain 1160: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1129: 1121: 1120:En Comú Podem 1113: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1009:In 2015, the 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 969:Liberal Party 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 945: 941: 936: 929: 927: 925: 921: 917: 909: 907: 904: 899: 896: 890: 880: 878: 875: 871: 867: 863: 860:and with the 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 827: 825: 823: 814: 812: 805: 803: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 739: 732: 730: 724: 720: 712: 710: 707: 706: 697: 695: 692: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 664:Supreme Court 657: 652: 650: 648: 644: 640: 636: 628: 626: 622: 620: 613:United States 612: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 531: 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