423:, launched a decades long quest to perfect it. One of his goals is a map with a 1:1 million scale, about half the size of a football field. Each one degree geocell would be large enough to stand in. While the physical Master Map as he calls it, remains a dream, in 2010, his partner Mary Jo Graça, using Keyes's extensive calculations, plotted the entire projection and in 2011 digitized the entire map. Absent the physical version, a 9,000 square foot pdf of that full size map can be easily navigated on a home computer. It is the first contiguous world map at a resolution showing all one-degree geocells (except five degrees at the poles). Keyes likewise commissioned the first-ever one-degree globe from Joe Roubal in 2013.
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worst state-enforced abuses of human rights in Canada today," he told the committee. "The court ordeals we go through are sickening and unbelievable. Abusive lawyers are rewarded by adversarial, winner-take-all courts. We have debtors' prison for fathers only. We have children moved away at the mother's whim. We have shattered families, devastated fathers, and scarred children. These are the dark ages of family law in Canada." Keyes submitted a 17-page brief called Family Rights for
Children of Divorce, a document his Nova Scotia advocacy had created.
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249:, an activist group bent on civil disobedience to protest against nuclear weapons. Polaris submarines were nuclear-ballistic-missile firing boats now supplanted by the Trident fleet. He wrote his parents that "the business of Polaris Action is mostly leafleting, speaking, clerical, canvassing, with infrequent melodramatic and physically dangerous moments of submarine boarding. It's the Gandhian idea of lying across the railroad tracks, except we're lying across the Polaris submarines." He moved to
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473:), with English and Esperanto in side-by-side columns. He has also translated eleven Christmas Carols into Esperanto, including a new English version of "O Holy Night", and an unabridged one of "Riu Riu Chiu"; all of them with a simple melody score and the original language plus English. As well, Keyes catalogued the nearly 2,000 item Esperanto library of the late Dr. Stevens Norvell, now housed in Alberta.
182:. Both were pacifists. They had been anti-militarists in the 1930s though they both supported American involvement in World War II as they believed Hitler had to be stopped by force if necessary. After the war they became more involved with the Quaker movement. Young Gene absorbed his parents' pacifism even to the point of worrying about the insects his mother killed as she cleaned house.
295:, Illinois to announce that he would celebrate Christmas, the time to think about peace on earth, by burning his draft card. He wrote, "As a prayer for peace on earth, I will be holding a vigil on Christmas Eve in front of the local draft board." He proposed to stand there for twelve hours starting at noon. "At midnight Christmas Eve I will be using my draft card to light a candle."
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ten kinds of missions for unarmed forces, including such obvious ones as
Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Relief (HA/DR), and hypothetical ones such as Defense in the spirit of Brazil's great national hero, Major-General Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon (1865-1958), who fostered the motto "Die if you must, but never kill."
465:. The international second language created by Ludovik Zamenhof was originally published as a pamphlet in several languages in 1887, and for the first time since then, Keyes re-published the English version both on paper and online. Keyes also wrote and uploaded a free HTML edition of a romantic comedy s-f novel (
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When he had turned 18 during university Keyes was required to register for the draft. He requested conscientious objector status from the
Selective Service Commission. But he felt uneasy about it, thinking this was still part of the war system. "All the hospital work a conscientious objector could do
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advocacy group in Nova Scotia. In 1998 he testified on shared parenting before
Special Joint Committee on Child Custody and Access of the Government of Canada. "I think that situation, where 60,000 children a year are forcibly denied any kind of equal parenting time with their fathers, is one of the
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The latest version of Keyes's long-term interest in a nonviolent military was published as a chapter in the book
Nonkilling Security and the State, Joám Evans Pim, ed., 2013 and as an illustrated stand-alone pdf, To Give Life: A Nonkilling Military: Precedents and Possibilities. In it, he elaborates
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Cahill's map looked like a butterfly, but it had some anomalies Keyes did not like. In a eureka moment he realized he wasn't confined to Cahill's butterfly shape. So he redesigned it into an M shape. He also coined the term "geocell" to define an area bounded by one degree of latitude and longitude,
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After finishing the contempt sentence, Keyes was sentenced to three years in prison in 1965 for failing to report for military service. He served one year of the sentence. In all, Keyes served four prison sentences for civil disobedience from 1961 - 65 including a 27-day hunger strike in the Albany,
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On
December 24, 1963, he stood outside the draft board wearing a sign that read, "To Light This Candle with a Draft Card - A Prayer for Peace on Earth." He spoke to people throughout his twelve-hour vigil and at midnight, with about twenty-five people present, his girl friend Jane held the candle
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By 1965, draft card burning had become so popular that the U.S. government passed a law making it an offense to knowingly destroy or mutilate a draft card. There had been a draft-card burning event in 1947 when conscription was re-established after World War II, but Keyes was one of the earliest
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Keyes's 1978 Ph.D. thesis was
Strategic Nonviolent Defense in Theory; Denmark in Practice. A condensed version appeared in The Journal of Strategic Studies as Strategic Nonviolent Defense: the Construct of an Option. In this work, he identifies morale as the center of gravity for a country
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On May 15, 1964, he was drafted, but declined in a telegram to the
President, Attorney General, and the local Draft Board: "There is no moral validity to any part of any law whose purpose is to train people to kill one another. I hereby reject the order to report for induction."
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in 1973 when Jane found employment there. They have two children, Jeremy David, born in 1976 and Rachel
Elizabeth, born in 1979. In 1980 Jane filed for divorce demanding sole custody of the children. Without a lawyer, Keyes fought for equal-shared-parenting all the way to the
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on Keyes' forty year quest, "he emerged with a six-and-a-half square foot, hand-drawn, featureless graticule". A graticule is a network of lines or a grid (latitudes and longitudes) on which a map can be projected. He sketched in North
America and eventually the whole world.
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On May 18, 1964, he and two friends signed a "Pact" to insist upon joint arrest if any one of them was individually picked up for draft resistance. One was convicted in St. Louis in July 1964 and Keyes and the third man stood up in court and got six months each for contempt.
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Upon graduation, Keyes remained in Canada as an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Brandon University, Manitoba from 1979-1980 and from 1990-1991. He taught at St. Thomas University, New Brunswick from 1982-1983. He also free lanced. Keyes kept his US citizenship.
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Honorable Mention - Cartography and Geographic Information Society 2013 (shared with Joe Roubal) for one-degree globe Best Map, Other Category, Cartography and Geographic Information Society 2014 (shared with Duncan Webb and Mary Jo Graça) for Cahill-Keyes World Political
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over a tiny island on their river border, a conflict that almost led to a nuclear war. He called the thesis "Six Principles for a Unified Map System (Applied to the China-Russia Situation)". In it Keyes used Fuller's map as the basis of the new system he proposed.
279:"My purpose," he went on, "is not to secure a special berth in the ship of state while others man its artillery." He was quite willing "to participate in the national defense" if the defense establishment changed its "violent premises" to peaceful ones.
253:, to live on a farm with other members of the Polaris Action group. While his parents tried to dissuade him from actual civil disobedience, by August he was in jail for trying to board the submarine Ethan Allen. He served seventeen days.
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As a political science professor, Keyes continued to promote the idea of an unarmed military and wrote extensively on the subject. He also pursued an interest in the international second language Esperanto and in world map design.
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While working on his doctorate in Toronto, he also continued to work on his map. "I was unable to locate large-scale reproductions, drawings, or computations," he wrote, "so I set about drawing my own Cahill from scratch".
392:'s Octahedral Butterfly World Map. Created in 1909, Cahill's map had been largely forgotten, but Keyes judged it to be a better map than Fuller's, and he spent much of the next forty years tweaking and improving upon it.
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Meanwhile, Keyes had decided on a course of action to dramatize his position. On October 3 he cancelled his application for conscientious objector status. In December that year he wrote to two local newspapers in
360:, an attempt to show in a flat projection "all continents uninterrupted and with minimal distortion". Keyes viewed geography as a way of illuminating war and his 1973 Master's thesis looked at a
157:(October 1966). The title phrase, based on a quote from a Carl Sandburg poem, became part of the anti-Vietnam-War lexicon. The slogan also went on to become the basis of the film
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145:(born October 24, 1941) is a former Assistant Professor of World Politics, a sometime peace activist, noted cartographer, and promoter of the international second language
238:, class of 1963, and during his time there joined demonstrations at Woolworth's in support of desegregating their stores in the American South (inspired by the Feb. 1960
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and urged "establishing an integral strategic nonviolent national defense system...What is suggested is a basic reorientation of the defense posture of this nation".
242:), taught Spanish at the local jail, leafleted about nuclear weapons, and joined a variety of liberal groups. His activism led to a deterioration of his grades.
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but was only given limited "visitation" rights when the divorce was finalized in 1984. He has lived in Canada since 1973 but retained his American citizenship.
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In 1966, his mother, Charlotte Keyes wrote about Gene's pacifism and activism culminating in his draft card burning in an article for McCall's Magazine called
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Keyes and Roubal's one-degree globe won Honorable Mention at the 41st Annual CaGIS Map Design Competition (Cartography and Geographic Information Society).
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because he felt that world maps should have a resolution of at least five degrees and preferably one degree; whereas most world maps and globes do not.
346:. He wrote the first senior thesis of the President's Scholar Program (on unarmed military forces). He stayed at SIU-C for an MA in Government, 1973.
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In 2014, Duncan Webb published a five-foot wall poster Cahill-Keyes map, which won Best Map, Other Category, in the 42nd Annual CaGIS Competition.
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Duncan Webb's political world map for 2013 using the Cahill-Keyes Projection. This map won Best Map, Other Category at the 2014 CaGIS Awards.
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Following his M.A. thesis, Keyes had concluded there were inadequacies with Fuller's map. Further studies later in 1973 led him to discover
330:. That article gained wide attention and made the title a slogan of the anti-Vietnam war movement. It became a popular bumper sticker. A
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In March 1963, he went to Washington to testify before a Senate subcommittee against the bill to extend the induction provisions of the
353:, since 1961 and he chose Southern Illinois University at Carbondale largely because Fuller was affiliated with its design department.
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In 1969, Keyes returned to university, completing a Bachelor of Arts, 1971, with a Special Major in Government (War-Peace Studies) at
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Ironically, Keyes ever only took one course in cartography (auditing), with most of his studies being in political science.
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An earlier edition appeared in 1982 in Co-Evolution Quarterly (later Whole Earth Review), as Force Without Firepower.
149:. He achieved considerable attention for his peace activism when his mother, Charlotte E. Keyes wrote an article for
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Georgia, city jail, Feb. 1964, when an integrated peace march was forbidden to march through the middle of town.
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Peace activism, Cahill-Keyes map projection, Strategic Nonviolent Defense and Unarmed Military Forces, Esperanto
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adopted the same title and the rock group, The Monkees recorded a song called "Zor and Zam" based on the idea.
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Gene Keyes holding the world's first one-degree globe. This won an honorable mention at the 2013 CaGIS Awards.
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The pact that Keyes and two friends signed committing them to supporting each other in their draft resistance.
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730:. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois: Spectator. p. Just over half way down the webpage - newspaper clipping.
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Keyes was born on October 24, 1941, to Charlotte Keyes (née Shachmann) and Scott Keyes. His father was a
993:"Struggle in Albany, Georgia, for an integrated peace walk, 1964 Jan-Feb (a collection of photographs)"
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Gene Keyes about to burn his draft card outside the Champaign Selective Service Offices - Dec. 24, 1963
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Civil Resistance & Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present
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Keyes had been a fan of legendary architect, futurist, philosopher and designer of the geodesic dome,
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He has lived with his partner Mary Jo Graça since 1989. Currently Dr. Keyes is retired and living in
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while he held the draft card with a pair of tongs and lit it with a lighter, then lit the candle.
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269:, a Quaker study center near Philadelphia, to research ideas for unarmed military forces.
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Keyes, Gene (January 1981). "Strategic Nonviolent Defense: the Construct of an Option".
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in two years would not make up for a single day of napalm and pellet bombs," he wrote.
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After Keyes lost his battle for shared-custody of his children in 1984, he led a
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535:- self-published novel in English and Esperanto side by side, 220 pages, 1988
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940:"This Day in Resistance History: WWI & WWII vets burn their draft cards"
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1327:(Journal). Co-evolution Quarterly (now Whole Earth Catalog). pp. 4–25.
866:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 149, 151, 219, 220, 231, 232.
1076:"Get to Know a Projection: Gene Keyes' 40-Year Quest for the Perfect Map"
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Gene Keyes with the hand drawn first draft of the Cahill-Keyes world map
411:"On November 4th, 1975, after 40-days and nights," notes an article in
888:"Draft Resister Sentenced to Five Years: Supporters Jailed Six Months"
214:, where he continues to manage his website, uploading material about
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1366:"Minutes of the Special Joint Committee on Child Custody and Access"
1299:"To Give Life: A Nonkilling Military - Precedents and Possibilities"
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Kozolanka, Kirsten; Mazepa, Patricia; Skinner, David, eds. (2013).
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War No More: Three Centuries of American Antiwar and Peace Writing
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1321:"Force Without Firepower: A Doctrine of Unarmed Military Service"
1038:"Evolution of the Dymaxion Map: An Illustrated Tour and Critique"
682:"Harvard and Radcliffe Class of 1963 Fiftieth Anniversary Report"
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In 1968, Keyes married his girlfriend Jane Gordon. They moved to
1153:. Cartography and Geographic Information Society. March 7, 2015.
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1103:"Projection Smackdown: Cahill's Butterfly vs. the Dymaxion Map"
906:"2 Begin, Sit-in After Sentencing of Draft Evader, Are Ejected"
1135:. Cartography and Geographic Information Society. Feb 9, 2014.
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Radical Pacifism in Modern America: Egalitarianism and Protest
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925:"The Pact (a collection of photographs and news clippings)"
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Buckminster Fuller, Mohandas Gandhi, Gene Sharp, A.J. Muste
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Strategic Nonviolent Defense in Theory; Denmark in Practice
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In 1978 he got his Ph.D. in International Relations from
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Strategic Nonviolent Defense and Unarmed Military Forces
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The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandhian Approach
728:"Keyes Tells How Pacifist Demonstrators are Handled"
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After graduating high school, Keyes was accepted at
185:Keyes has two brothers and one sister. His brother
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582:The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When
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245:Then in February 1961, he left university to join
132:Strategic Nonviolence, Cahill-Keyes map projection
1408:, Charlotte Keyes, McCall's Magazine October 1966
1388:Cahill-Keyes World Map and B.J.S. Cahill Resource
1210:Roberts, Adam; Ash, Timothy Garton, eds. (2011).
748:"We Won't Go: Personal Accounts of War Objectors"
482:non-violently resisting an invasion by an enemy.
944:Grand Rapids Institute for Information Democracy
1390:: articles and resources compiled by Gene Keyes
514:We Won't Go: Personal Accounts of War Objectors
64:Assistant Professor of World Politics (retired)
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56:American (but resident of Canada since 1973)
1147:"CaGIS 42nd Map Design Competition Results"
1129:"CaGIS 41st Map Design Competition Results"
319:draft card burners of the Vietnam War era.
274:Universal Military Training and Service Act
161:. His cartography work has won two awards.
522:, Joám Evans Pim, ed., 2013 (contributor)
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970:. Spinsters Ink. pp. 118, 140, 184.
715:(Film converted to video). Hilary Harris.
628:"Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came"
558:"Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came"
1394:World Politics and Strategic Nonviolence
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344:Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
1406:Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came
813:. The News-Gazette, Champaign, Illinois
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159:Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came
155:Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came
1368:. Government of Canada. May 26, 1998.
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1396:: Articles and Papers by Gene Keyes
1402:: Resources compiled by Gene Keyes
1166:"World Second Language, Esperanto"
1008:"The Monkees - Zor and Zam Lyrics"
356:One of his interests was Fuller's
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1267:Nonkilling Security and the State
773:Rosenwald, Lawrence, ed. (2016).
586:. St. Martin's Griffin. pp.
520:Nonkilling Security and the State
362:conflict between Russia and China
195:which became a Broadway musical.
189:is the author of the best-seller
1414:- eleven minute documentary film
1400:World Second Language, Esperanto
1273:. Center for Global Nonkilling.
1185:The Journal of Strategic Studies
192:Is There Life After High School?
1101:Stockton, Nick (Nov 26, 2013).
1074:Stockton, Nick (Dec 9, 2013).
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1264:Pim, Joám Evans, ed. (2013).
1036:Keyes, Gene (June 15, 2009).
1006:The Monkees (June 23, 2013).
807:"Tom's Mail Bag Feb. 6, 2015"
556:Deis, Robert (Oct 27, 2015).
1237:Burrowes, Robert J. (1995).
938:Smith, Jeff (Feb 12, 2013).
726:Keyes, Gene (Sep 11, 1961).
564:. Subtropic Productions LLC.
1341:Alternative Media in Canada
1243:. SUNY Press. p. 169.
1216:. Oxford University Press.
967:Prisons That Could Not Hold
805:Kacich, Tom (Feb 6, 2015).
384:The Cahill-Keyes Projection
265:In 1962-63, he enrolled at
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1344:. UBC Press. p. 100.
752:digitalcommons.lasalle.edu
1197:10.1080/01402398108437073
533:The Me Clone, La Mi-Klono
495:Shared Parenting Advocate
419:That 1975 map, the first
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964:Deming, Barbara (1985).
892:St. Louis Globe-Democrat
835:Deming, Barbara (1966).
1448:Conscientious objectors
910:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
860:Mollin, Marian (2006).
707:Harris, Hilary (1960).
461:In 1980, Keyes learned
421:Cahill-Keyes projection
251:New London, Connecticut
220:Cahill-Keyes projection
205:Supreme Court of Canada
124:International Relations
1438:Canadian cartographers
779:. Library of America.
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1443:Canadian Esperantists
654:"Ralph Keyes Website"
578:Keyes, Ralph (2006).
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1319:Keyes, Gene (1982).
1297:Keyes, Gene (2013).
746:Lynd, Alice (1968).
688:. Harvard University
680:Keyes, Gene (2013).
626:Keyes, Charlotte E.
338:Education and career
216:Bernard J. S. Cahill
212:Berwick, Nova Scotia
390:Bernard J.S. Cahill
332:1970 anti-war movie
178:and his mother was
90:Academic background
1383:Gene Keyes Website
658:www.ralphkeyes.com
562:Quote/Counterquote
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438:Cartography Awards
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351:Buckminster Fuller
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257:Draft Card Burning
240:Greensboro sit-ins
1306:www.genekeyes.com
632:www.genekeyes.com
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143:Gene Scott Keyes
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754:. Beacon Press
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660:. Ralph Keyes.
652:Keyes, Ralph.
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170:Personal life
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1044:. Gene Keyes
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839:. Grossman.
837:Prison Notes
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815:. Retrieved
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103: (1978)
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1428:1941 births
1012:youtube.com
713:youtube.com
467:La Mi-Klono
372:, Toronto.
267:Pendle Hill
187:Ralph Keyes
53:Nationality
1422:Categories
638:2016-10-29
634:. McCall's
540:References
528:0983986215
121:Discipline
108:Influences
61:Occupation
41:1941-10-24
20:Gene Keyes
1080:wired.com
1014:. Youtube
463:Esperanto
457:Esperanto
224:Esperanto
165:Biography
147:Esperanto
151:McCall's
1086:Oct 27,
1048:Oct 27,
1018:Oct 27,
949:Oct 27,
817:Oct 27,
758:Oct 27,
692:Oct 29,
236:Harvard
218:l, the
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180:Jewish
176:Quaker
96:Thesis
77:Awards
1302:(PDF)
1271:(PDF)
508:Books
1346:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1115:2016
1088:2016
1050:2016
1020:2016
972:ISBN
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35:Born
1193:doi
588:239
81:Map
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
