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affection and gratitude, gave them their freedom.” In fact, the terms of the deed of sale for
Traveller's Rest indicate that Gates sold his slaves for ÂŁ800 together with the plantation. The deed did not immediately free any of Gates's slaves, rather it stipulated that five would be free after five years; the remaining eleven would have to wait until they reached the age of twenty-eight. Nevertheless, even this limited gesture toward emancipation surpassed the other major generals of the revolutionary era; for none but Gates made any efforts to emancipate their slaves during their lifetimes.
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428:. His parents (of record) were Robert and Dorothea Gates. Evidence suggests that Dorothea was the granddaughter of John Hubbock Sr. (died 1692) postmaster at Fulham, and the daughter of John Hubbock Jr., listed in 1687 sources as a vintner. She had a prior marriage, to Thomas Reeve, whose family was well situated in the royal Customs service. Dorothea Reeve was housekeeper for the second
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right, traditional position of the strongest troops. He also failed to make proper arrangements for an organized retreat. Gates's principal accomplishment in the unsuccessful campaign was to cover 170 miles (270 km) in three days on horseback, heading north in retreat. His disappointment was compounded by news of his son Robert's death in combat in
October.
725:, where the Continental Congress was meeting. Gates had always maintained that he, not Washington, should have commanded the Continental Army. This opinion was supported by several wealthy and prominent New England delegates to the Continental Congress. Although Gates actively lobbied Congress for the appointment, Washington's stunning successes at Trenton and
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on August 16, Gates's army was routed, with nearly 1,000 men captured, along with the army's baggage train and artillery. Analysis of the debacle suggests that Gates greatly overestimated the capabilities of his inexperienced militia, an error magnified when he lined those forces against the
British
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Some historians doubt the existence of an organized effort of
Washington's opponents that might be called a cabal. One of those historians, Christopher Ward, nonetheless wrote: "The actual existence of such a conspiracy is of little importance in comparison with the general belief in its existence,
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Historian John
Ferling wrote: "In all likelihood the supposed intrigue never amounted to more than a handful of disgruntled individuals who grumbled to one another about Washington's shortcomings. It is almost certain that Conway never belonged to any cabal, although he doubtless said harsh things
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Gates took command of the
Southern Department in 1780, but was removed from command later that year after the disastrous Battle of Camden. Gates's military reputation was destroyed by the battle and he did not hold another command for the remainder of the war. Gates retired to his Virginia estate
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in 1762, although he saw little combat. Monckton bestowed on him the honor of bringing news of the success to
England, which brought him a promotion to major. The end of the war also brought an end to Gates' prospects for advancement, as the army was demobilized and he did not have the financial
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Gates attempted to maximize his political return on the victory, particularly as George
Washington was having no present successes with the main army. In fact, Gates insulted Washington by sending reports directly to Congress instead of to Washington, his commanding officer. At the behest of
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along with the sale of
Traveller's Rest in 1790. This narrative was popularized in 1837 by the Anti-Slavery Record, an abolitionist publication. The paper produced an account of the event in which Gates supposedly, “summoned his numerous family and slaves about him, and amidst their tears of
436:(died June 25, 1729), which in the social context of England at the time was a patronage plum. Marriage into the Reeve family opened the way for Robert Gates to get into and then up through the Customs service. So too, Dorothea Gates's appointment circa 1729 to housekeeper for the third
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in 1777. Shortly after Gates took charge of the
Northern Department, the Continental Army defeated the British at the crucial Battles of Saratoga. After the battles, some members of Congress considered replacing Washington with Gates, but Washington ultimately retained his position as
721:, Gates was not. Always an advocate of defensive action, Gates argued that Washington should retreat further rather than attack. When Washington dismissed this advice, Gates claimed illness as an excuse not to join the nighttime attack and instead traveled on to
570:. Gates didn't see significant combat, since he was severely injured early in the action. His experience in the early years of the war was limited to commanding small companies, but he apparently became quite good at military administration. In 1759 he was made
686:, commander of the army's Northern Department, which retained jurisdiction over Ticonderoga. During the summer of 1776, this struggle was resolved, with Schuyler given command of the department as a whole and Gates command of Ticonderoga and the defense of
697:, who had been with the army during its retreat and was also an experienced seaman. Gates rewarded Arnold's initiative by giving him command of the fleet when it sailed to meet the British. The American fleet was defeated at the
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were the only men with significant experience in the British regular army. As adjutant, Horatio Gates created the army's system of records and orders and helped standardize regiments from the various colonies. During the
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In November 1755, Gates married Elizabeth Phillips and had a son, Robert, in 1758. Gates' military career stalled, as advancement in the British army required money or influence. Frustrated by the British
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Gates spent the summer of 1776 overseeing the enlargement of the American fleet that would be needed to prevent the British from taking control of Lake Champlain. Much of this work eventually fell to
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replaced Gates as commander on December 3, and Gates returned home to Virginia. Gates's devastating defeat at Camden not only ruined his new American army, but it also ruined his military reputation.
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969:, the organization of former Continental Army officers, and president of its Virginia chapter, and worked to rebuild his life. He proposed marriage to Janet Montgomery, the widow of General
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853:, who passed them on to Washington. Gates (then unaware of Wilkinson's involvement) accused persons unknown of copying his mail and forwarded Conway's letter to the president of Congress,
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in 1754. Leaving Nova Scotia, he sold his commission in 1754 and purchased a captaincy in one of the New York Independent Companies. One of his mentors in his early years was
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provided Horatio Gates with otherwise off-bounds opportunities for education and social advancement. Through Dorothea Gates's associations and energetic networking, young
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In 1745, Horatio Gates obtained a military commission with financial help from his parents, and political support from the Duke of Bolton. Gates served with the
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presidential candidacy ended his friendship with Adams. Gates and his wife remained active in New York City society, and he was elected to a single term in the
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When it was clear that the British were not going to make an attempt on Ticonderoga in 1776, Gates marched some of the army south to join Washington's army in
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subsequently left no doubt as to who should be commander-in-chief. Gates was then sent back north with orders to assist Schuyler in the Northern Department.
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which prevailed among Washington's friends in the army and elsewhere. Lafayette asserted it was a fact." Ward, Christopher. John Richard Alden, ed.
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810:. By Congressional resolution, a gold medal was presented to Gates to commemorate his victories over the British in the Battles of
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in 1780. Gates has been described as "one of the Revolution's most controversial military figures" because of his role in the
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in October 1776, although the defense of the lake was sufficient to delay a British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777.
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Gates followed up the victory at Saratoga with a proposal to invade Quebec, but his suggestion was rejected by Washington.
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Although his administrative skills were valuable, Gates longed for a field command. By June 1776, he had been promoted to
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Gates's previous wartime service in administrative posts was invaluable to the fledgling army, as he, Washington and
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Gates assumed command of the Northern Department on August 19 and led the army during the defeat of British General
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2019:
1743:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Gen. Horatio Gates House and Golden Plough Tavern"
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Because of the debacle at Camden, Congress passed a resolution calling for a board of inquiry, the prelude to a
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Gates' wife Elizabeth died in the summer of 1783. He retired in 1784 and again returned to his estate,
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at Hagerstown, Maryland. Many have suggested that Gates freed his slaves at the urging of his friend
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328:(1777) – a matter of contemporary and historical controversy – and was blamed for the defeat at the
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Forged in War: The Continental Congress and the Origin of Military Supply and Acquisition Policy
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The Academies of the Reverend Bartholomew Booth in Georgian England and Revolutionary America
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Gates's friends and the delegates from New England, Congress named Gates to president of the
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American Traitor: General James Wilkinson's Betrayal of the Republic and Escape From Justice
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American Traitor: General James Wikinson's Betrayal of the Republic and Escape From Justice
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Gates led Continental forces and militia south and prepared to face the British forces of
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1717:"National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania"
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A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775–1783
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Saratoga: A Military History of the Decisive Campaign of the American Revolution
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in 1800. He died in his Rose Hill home on April 10, 1806, and was buried in the
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of 1783. Gates may have agreed to involve himself, though this remains unclear.
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The Street Book: An Encyclopedia of Manhattan's Street Names and Their Origins
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and Saratoga. Gold and bronze replicas of that medal are still awarded by the
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1349:. Originally published Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1952. p. 560.
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1719:. CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Archived from
1008:, where the local authorities received him warmly. His later support for
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took over Stanwix's command in 1760. Gates served under Monckton in the
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845:. Following a drunken party, Wilkinson repeated the remarks of General
822:'s Corps Regimental Association in recognition of outstanding service.
1914:
The Horatio Gates papers, 1726-1828 at the New York Historical Society
1891:. Originally published Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1952.
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also brought Gates into conflict with the authority of Major General
554:. This force included other future Revolutionary War leaders such as
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Washington learned of the campaign against him by Gates's adjutant,
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Pennsylvania Register of Historic Sites and Landmarks (July 1971).
1677:
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Selections from the public documents of the province of Nova Scotia
1801:. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 9781647123420.
1415:
Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1
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Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence
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Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence
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to Gates, which were critical of Washington, to aides of General
1439:
Royster, Charles (1979). "PROLOGUE The Call to War, 1775–1783".
503:, and also developed a friendship with the lieutenant governor,
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1316:. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. pp. 43–61.
1506:"Horatio Gates, Samuel Washington, and America's Original Sin"
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who had come to the colonies in 1773 with her sister and Rev.
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and move to New York. He was elected to a single term in the
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British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
1375:. (pbk.) Originally published in hard cover in 2007. p. 282.
359:. Frustrated by his inability to advance in the army, Gates
639:. He is considered to be the first Adjutant General of the
1220:
Sea of Glory: The Continental Navy fights for Independence
2420:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
1846:
The Generals of Saratoga: John Burgoyne and Horatio Gates
1596:
Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association
1284:
Adjutant General's Corps Regimental Association Awards
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wherewithal to purchase commissions for higher ranks.
312:(July 26, 1727 – April 10, 1806) was a
1024:, though the exact location of his grave is unknown.
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and offered his services to Washington. In June, the
1819:. (pbk.) Originally published in hard cover in 2007.
1538:"Slavery through the Eyes of Revolutionary Generals"
1041:, is named in Gates' honor, as is Horatio Street in
789:'s defeat of a sizable British raiding force at the
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British Army personnel of the French and Indian War
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The First Salute: A View of the American Revolution
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1443:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 95.
546:in America. In 1755 he accompanied the ill-fated
444:was enlisted as Horatio's godfather and namesake.
1488:An Argument on the Unconstitutionality of Slavery
717:. Though his troops were with Washington at the
324:. He took credit for the American victory in the
1868:. Louisiana State Univ Pr; First edition, 1976.
1695:. Harrison, NY: Harbor Hill Books. p. 109.
1594:Brandow, Rev. John H. (1903). "Horatio Gates".
1564:"What remains of Manhattan's Rose Hill enclave"
1049:, New York City, Gates Avenue, which runs from
3868:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
976:In 1786, Gates married Mary Valens, a wealthy
757:Gates is in the center, with arms outstretched
2004:
1919:Horatio Gates, 1903, Cornell University Press
933:. Rumors implicated some of his aides in the
8:
1970:November 24, 1777 – November 25, 1779
420:Horatio Gates was born on July 26, 1727, in
316:army officer who served as a general in the
4039:Adjutants general of the United States Army
2981:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
1879:Ward, Christopher. John Richard Alden, ed.
1811:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
1367:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
1000:The couple thereupon moved to an estate at
336:, which attempted to discredit and replace
4084:British emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
3858:African Americans in the Revolutionary War
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2112:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
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2011:
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1780:George Washington's Generals and Opponents
1264:"Key to the Surrender of General Burgoyne"
1171:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 32.
732:But in 1777, Congress blamed Schuyler and
400:after the war, but eventually decided to
49:
38:
1122:. New York: Ballantine Books, 1988. p.192
965:). Gates served as vice president of the
463:and later was promoted to captain in the
4124:People from Kearneysville, West Virginia
4094:People from Shepherdstown, West Virginia
1942:Adjutant General of the Continental Army
550:in its attempt to control access to the
4074:Continental Army officers from Virginia
1883:. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011.
1341:. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011.
1203:
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578:, a position he continued when General
4144:Continental Army officers from England
4109:Members of the New York State Assembly
3863:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War
1491:. Saxton & Peirce. pp. 47–48.
1223:. New York: David McKay. p. 172.
371:. On Washington's recommendation, the
2369:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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7:
3978:Daughters of the American Revolution
2328:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
674:. Furthermore, disease, especially
534:Great Britain in the Seven Years War
383:in 1775. He was assigned command of
27:American military leader (1727-1806)
4059:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
3973:Children of the American Revolution
3853:Timeline of the American Revolution
1946:June 17, 1775 – June 5, 1776
1823:Luzader, John F (October 6, 2008).
1570:. September 3, 2018. Archived from
1536:Procknow, Gene (November 7, 2017).
611:When the word reached Gates of the
524:General Gates as he appears at the
4134:Burials at Trinity Church Cemetery
4064:American people of English descent
2634:European allies of King George III
2490:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
2425:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2087:No taxation without representation
1866:General Horatio Gates: A Biography
1542:Journal of the American Revolution
30:For the Canadian businessman, see
25:
4104:Military personnel from Manhattan
4000:Museum of the American Revolution
796:Gates stands front and center in
4129:People of Father Le Loutre's War
3888:Continental Currency dollar coin
3873:Women in the American Revolution
1901:
957:, in Virginia (near present-day
806:at Saratoga, which hangs in the
299:
177:
165:
145:
133:
4079:Continental Army staff officers
3983:Sons of the American Revolution
963:Jefferson County, West Virginia
713:, where it had retreated after
615:in late May 1775, he rushed to
3883:Continental currency banknotes
2971:Staten Island Peace Conference
1777:Billias, George Athan (1994).
483:. He married the daughter of
453:War of the Austrian Succession
353:War of the Austrian Succession
347:in Essex, Gates served in the
320:during the early years of the
254:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
4139:Military personnel from Essex
4119:People from colonial New York
4089:Lancashire Fusiliers officers
2677:German supporters of Congress
2375:Massachusetts Circular Letter
1966:President of the Board of War
1252:Surrender of General Burgoyne
877:, and the capture of General
803:Surrender of General Burgoyne
749:Surrender of General Burgoyne
60:
2358:Committees of correspondence
1293:. Retrieved December 9, 2009
1055:Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn
4114:Sherwood Foresters officers
3995:Charters of Freedom Rotunda
3026:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
3011:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
2785:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
2440:Declaration of Independence
2405:Second Continental Congress
1510:New-York Historical Society
1167:Horgan, Lucille E. (2002).
1082:Second Continental Congress
489:St. Paul's Church (Halifax)
424:, in the English county of
387:in 1776 and command of the
32:Horatio Gates (businessman)
4160:
3878:Financial costs of the war
2385:First Continental Congress
2236:Royal Proclamation of 1763
2181:Second Rockingham ministry
2020:American Revolutionary War
1827:. New York: Savas Beatie.
1402:Ward, 2011 (1952), p. 717.
1393:Ward, 2011 (1952), p. 716.
1384:Ward, 2011 (1952), p. 715.
1014:New York State Legislature
875:Charleston, South Carolina
607:American Revolutionary War
531:
410:New York State Legislature
264:American Revolutionary War
69:Metropolitan Museum of Art
29:
4099:People from Maldon, Essex
4069:Continental Army generals
3786:
3771:
3732:Constitutional Convention
3712:Society of the Cincinnati
3707:
3696:
3206:
3195:
3001:Carlisle Peace Commission
2835:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
2561:
2531:
2500:Hutchinson letters affair
2450:Articles of Confederation
2297:Proclamation of Rebellion
2161:First Rockingham ministry
2105:All men are created equal
2040:
2026:
1972:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1881:The War of the Revolution
1850:. Yale University Press.
1485:Mellen, G. W. F. (1841).
1428:– via Google Books.
1339:The War of the Revolution
1020:graveyard at the foot of
967:Society of the Cincinnati
869:In May 1780, news of the
715:the fall of New York City
662:and given command of the
526:National Portrait Gallery
396:of the Continental Army.
338:General George Washington
57:Portrait of Horatio Gates
48:
2996:Entry of France into war
2611:Kingdom of Great Britain
1418:. ABL-CIO. p. 540.
1080:was his home during the
1078:Gen. Horatio Gates House
738:loss of Fort Ticonderoga
699:Battle of Valcour Island
416:Early life and education
363:and established a small
141:Kingdom of Great Britain
118:Trinity Church graveyard
3727:Ratification Day (1784)
3052:Second Anglo-Mysore War
2736:Northern after Saratoga
2716:New York and New Jersey
2390:Continental Association
2287:Conciliatory Resolution
2146:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
2119:Consent of the governed
1797:Cox, Howard W. (2023).
1689:McNamara, John (1991).
1217:Miller, Nathan (1974).
1039:Monroe County, New York
883:Shepherdstown, Virginia
542:, Gates served General
467:, under the command of
3988:Sons of the Revolution
3717:Treaty of Paris (1783)
3047:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
3042:Cherokee–American wars
2655:Franco-American Treaty
2510:Philadelphia Tea Party
2480:Treaty of Paris (1763)
2459:Confederation Congress
2052:American Enlightenment
1647:Moscow, Henry (1978).
1412:Knight, Peter (2003).
1289:April 6, 2015, at the
950:
906:Camden, South Carolina
904:, who had advanced to
758:
529:
485:Erasmus James Philipps
451:in Germany during the
4044:American slave owners
3933:Washington's Birthday
3738:The Federalist Papers
3722:Evacuation Day (1783)
2775:Lexington and Concord
2475:French and Indian War
2415:Olive Branch Petition
1842:Mintz, Max M (1990).
1724:(Searchable database)
948:
746:
623:began organizing the
584:capture of Martinique
574:to Brigadier General
540:French and Indian War
532:Further information:
523:
357:French and Indian War
314:British-born American
190:Years of service
18:General Horatio Gates
3938:Jefferson's Birthday
3928:Pulaski Memorial Day
2935:Guilford Court House
2586:Continental Congress
2363:Committees of safety
2338:Daughters of Liberty
2333:Virginia Association
2082:Rights of Englishmen
1910:at Wikimedia Commons
1864:Nelson, Paul David.
1628:Billias, pp. 103–104
1463:Whitehead, Maurice.
1312:Cox, Howard (2023).
941:Later life and death
808:U.S. Capitol Rotunda
791:Battle of Bennington
621:Continental Congress
603:the following year.
457:Halifax, Nova Scotia
373:Continental Congress
343:Born in the town of
67:, on display at the
3066:colony or location)
3021:Newburgh Conspiracy
2880:Sullivan Expedition
2400:Provincial Congress
2191:Fox–North coalition
2130:Settler colonialism
2077:Freedom of religion
2034:American Revolution
1577:on January 23, 2019
1359:about Washington."
1117:Tuchman, Barbara W.
990:Saint John's Church
973:, but she refused.
935:Newburgh Conspiracy
800:'s painting of the
767:Battles of Saratoga
664:Canadian Department
548:Braddock Expedition
528:in Washington, D.C.
481:Battle at Chignecto
479:, particularly the
389:Northern Department
361:sold his commission
326:Battles of Saratoga
310:Horatio Lloyd Gates
291:(great grandfather)
269:Battles of Saratoga
240:Southern Department
234:Northern Department
231:Canadian Department
3968:Semiquincentennial
3893:Libertas Americana
2323:Stamp Act Congress
2213:Acts of Parliament
2186:Shelburne ministry
2156:Grenville ministry
1692:History in Asphalt
1568:Ephemeral New York
1473:Edwin Mellen Press
1469:Lewiston, New York
1086:York, Pennsylvania
1057:, Gates Avenue in
971:Richard Montgomery
951:
931:Newburgh, New York
902:Charles Cornwallis
897:on July 25, 1780.
759:
705:Battle at Saratoga
641:United States Army
530:
515:
497:Charles Cornwallis
412:and died in 1806.
394:commander-in-chief
237:Eastern Department
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
3767:
3766:
3754:Shays's Rebellion
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3617:
3616:
3584:Richard Henry Lee
3349:
3348:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3035:Related conflicts
2905:Connecticut Farms
2685:
2684:
2578:Thirteen Colonies
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
1987:
1986:
1973:Succeeded by
1949:Succeeded by
1930:Military offices
1906:Media related to
1889:978-1-61608-080-8
1857:978-0-300-04778-3
1834:978-1-932714-44-9
1817:978-0-19-538292-1
1783:. Da Capo Press.
1678:Brooklyn Revealed
1664:978-0-8232-1275-0
1637:Luzader, p. xxiii
1425:978-1-57607-812-9
1373:978-0-19-538292-1
1347:978-1-61608-080-8
1178:978-0-313-32161-0
1061:, Gates Place in
1051:Ridgewood, Queens
1047:Greenwich Village
1006:midtown Manhattan
982:Bartholomew Booth
851:William Alexander
719:Battle of Trenton
629:brigadier general
568:George Washington
493:Edward Cornwallis
461:Edward Cornwallis
434:Peregrine Osborne
322:Revolutionary War
307:
306:
16:(Redirected from
4151:
3958:Sesquicentennial
3918:Independence Day
3822:Founding Fathers
3788:
3773:
3698:
3626:
3358:
3215:
3208:
3197:
3072:
3067:
2895:Cape St. Vincent
2570:
2563:
2533:
2505:Boston Tea Party
2430:Halifax Resolves
2380:Suffolk Resolves
2171:Grafton ministry
2166:Chatham ministry
2062:Colonial history
2042:
2028:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1980:Secretary at War
1976:Benjamin Lincoln
1927:
1905:
1861:
1849:
1838:
1794:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1755:on June 15, 2012
1754:
1748:. Archived from
1747:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1726:on July 21, 2007
1725:
1713:
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1680:
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1655:Hagstrom Company
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955:Traveller's Rest
949:Traveller's Rest
921:Board of inquiry
915:Nathanael Greene
910:Battle of Camden
879:Benjamin Lincoln
820:Adjutant General
779:Benjamin Lincoln
765:invasion in the
680:Fort Ticonderoga
637:Continental Army
633:adjutant general
625:Continental Army
516:Seven Years' War
487:, Elizabeth, at
455:. He arrived in
385:Fort Ticonderoga
381:Continental Army
377:Adjutant General
330:Battle of Camden
318:Continental Army
303:
274:Battle of Camden
259:Seven Years' War
228:Adjutant General
224:Continental Army
184:Continental Army
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3943:Von Steuben Day
3841:
3810:
3782:
3763:
3703:
3680:
3622:Colonial allies
3613:
3512:
3345:
3306:King George III
3294:
3202:
3179:
3148:
3068:
3065:
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3056:
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2959:
2940:Lochry's Defeat
2825:Assunpink Creek
2815:Fort Washington
2760:
2694:
2692:
2681:
2672:Hortalez et Cie
2643:Colonial allies
2638:
2605:
2574:United Colonies
2557:
2519:
2485:Boston Massacre
2463:
2454:Perpetual Union
2410:United Colonies
2343:Sons of Liberty
2306:
2214:
2212:
2211:Related British
2205:
2134:
2036:
2032:Origins of the
2022:
2017:
1983:
1969:
1954:
1945:
1924:
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1512:. July 28, 2015
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1291:Wayback Machine
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1126:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1030:
1004:in present-day
943:
923:
867:
843:James Wilkinson
831:
771:Benedict Arnold
756:
707:
695:Benedict Arnold
684:Philip Schuyler
653:siege of Boston
613:outbreak of war
609:
593:class hierarchy
580:Robert Monckton
544:Edward Braddock
536:
518:
513:
505:Robert Monckton
495:, the uncle of
418:
375:made Gates the
280:
215:(United States)
211:
194:
178:
176:
175:
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164:
146:
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124:
104:
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91:, Great Britain
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4009:
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4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:Minor holidays
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
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3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3779:Related topics
3776:
3769:
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3749:Bill of Rights
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3252:
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3212:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3153:Loyal colonies
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3139:South Carolina
3136:
3131:
3126:
3124:North Carolina
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3076:Rebel colonies
3069:
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3038:
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3032:
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3029:
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3023:
3018:
3016:Sint Eustatius
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:"First Salute"
2973:
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2961:
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2920:Kings Mountain
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2810:Harlem Heights
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2800:Valcour Island
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2615:
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2435:Lee Resolution
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2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Black Patriots
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2340:
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2314:
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2207:
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2201:Black Loyalist
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:North ministry
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
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2018:
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2015:
2008:
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1971:
1962:
1956:
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1932:
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1897:
1896:External links
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1739:This includes
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1208:
1196:
1184:
1177:
1159:
1157:Billias, p. 82
1147:
1145:Billias, p. 81
1138:
1124:
1109:
1107:Billias, p. 80
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1074:
1071:North Carolina
1029:
1026:
1018:Trinity Church
942:
939:
922:
919:
895:North Carolina
866:
863:
830:
827:
706:
703:
688:Lake Champlain
608:
605:
517:
514:
512:
509:
469:Hugh Warburton
442:Horace Walpole
438:Duke of Bolton
417:
414:
305:
304:
297:
293:
292:
286:
282:
281:
279:
278:
277:
276:
271:
261:
256:
250:
248:
244:
243:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
221:
217:
216:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
162:
156:
155:
130:
126:
125:
116:
114:
110:
109:
103:(aged 78)
99:April 10, 1806
97:
93:
92:
77:
73:
72:
65:Gilbert Stuart
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4156:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
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4092:
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4087:
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4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
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4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
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4042:
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4037:
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4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
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3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
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3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Patriots' Day
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3898:Commemoration
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3837:Yankee Doodle
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
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3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3699:
3695:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:de Rochambeau
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
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3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
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3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
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3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3194:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:New Hampshire
3107:
3105:
3104:Massachusetts
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
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2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
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2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
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2856:
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2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2756:Naval battles
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2691:Campaigns and
2688:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Gaspee affair
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Bute ministry
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:Spirit of '76
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Republicanism
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:Horatio Gates
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Ferling, John
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1790:9780306805608
1786:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1702:0-941980-15-4
1698:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1450:0-8078-1385-0
1446:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Ferling, John
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1323:9781647123420
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1230:0-679-50392-7
1226:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1206:, p. 63.
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:, p. 85.
1193:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
959:Kearneysville
956:
947:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:court-martial
920:
918:
916:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
887:West Virginia
884:
880:
876:
872:
864:
862:
860:
856:
855:Henry Laurens
852:
848:
847:Thomas Conway
844:
839:
837:
828:
826:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
799:
798:John Trumbull
794:
792:
788:
784:
783:Daniel Morgan
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
755:
754:John Trumbull
751:
750:
745:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:John Sullivan
665:
661:
660:major general
656:
654:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:brigade major
569:
565:
564:Daniel Morgan
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:
527:
522:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Duke of Leeds
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
397:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
249:
245:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
218:
214:
213:Major general
209:
208:Great Britain
205:
202:
198:
192:
188:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
153:United States
142:
131:
127:
123:
122:New York City
119:
115:
111:
107:
106:New York City
98:
94:
90:
89:Maldon, Essex
86:July 26, 1727
78:
74:
70:
66:
59:
58:
52:
47:
43:Horatio Gates
40:
37:
33:
19:
3963:Bicentennial
3846:Other topics
3832:Liberty Tree
3804:
3744:Constitution
3736:
3641:Beaumarchais
3529:Samuel Adams
3407:
3280:William Howe
3275:Richard Howe
3175:West Florida
3160:East Florida
3134:Rhode Island
3129:Pennsylvania
3062:Involvement
3006:Gordon Riots
2991:Valley Forge
2986:Conway Cabal
2964:Other events
2726:Philadelphia
2624:British Army
2515:Powder Alarm
2445:Model Treaty
2367:
2125:Expansionism
2093:Common Sense
2091:
1964:
1959:
1940:
1935:
1923:
1880:
1865:
1845:
1824:
1808:
1798:
1779:
1759:December 18,
1757:. Retrieved
1750:the original
1736:
1730:December 19,
1728:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1711:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1673:
1653:. New York:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1599:
1595:
1585:– via
1579:. Retrieved
1572:the original
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1514:. Retrieved
1509:
1487:
1480:
1464:
1459:
1440:
1434:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1364:
1354:
1338:
1332:
1313:
1307:
1302:Mintz p. 228
1298:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1258:
1247:
1219:
1211:
1204:Billias 1994
1199:
1192:Billias 1994
1187:
1168:
1162:
1141:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1112:
1067:Gates County
1053:, to around
1033:The town of
999:
978:Liverpudlian
975:
952:
924:
899:
868:
859:Conway Cabal
840:
836:Board of War
832:
829:Conway Cabal
824:
816:Fort Stanwix
801:
795:
760:
747:
731:
711:Pennsylvania
708:
692:
657:
645:
617:Mount Vernon
610:
589:
576:John Stanwix
537:
446:
419:
398:
349:British Army
342:
334:Conway Cabal
309:
308:
289:Thomas Gates
247:Battles/wars
173:British Army
101:(1806-04-10)
55:
36:
4034:1806 deaths
4029:1727 births
3609:Witherspoon
3493:von Steuben
3448:Charles Lee
3165:Nova Scotia
3084:Connecticut
2955:The Saintes
2910:Springfield
2875:Stony Point
2805:Long Island
2790:Bunker Hill
2711:Nova Scotia
2302:Prohibitory
2292:Restraining
2282:Intolerable
2262:Declaratory
1952:Joseph Reed
1581:January 23,
1547:October 15,
1516:October 15,
1269:January 20,
1059:Jersey City
1022:Wall Street
1010:Jefferson's
672:Quebec City
666:to replace
648:Charles Lee
560:Charles Lee
556:Thomas Gage
552:Ohio Valley
538:During the
501:Nova Scotia
351:during the
4023:Categories
3953:Centennial
3908:television
3759:Jay Treaty
3656:de Guichen
3564:Huntington
3524:John Adams
3463:Montgomery
3368:Washington
3331:Rockingham
3316:Barrington
3285:Knyphausen
3255:Cornwallis
3114:New Jersey
2945:Chesapeake
2900:Charleston
2855:Germantown
2850:Brandywine
2840:Bennington
2629:Royal Navy
2619:Parliament
2566:Combatants
2539:Combatants
2318:Loyal Nine
2251:Quartering
2221:Navigation
2067:Liberalism
2057:John Locke
2045:Philosophy
1874:0807101591
1093:References
994:John Adams
891:Deep River
812:Bennington
787:John Stark
775:Enoch Poor
763:Burgoyne's
597:plantation
365:plantation
129:Allegiance
82:1727-07-26
3827:Diplomacy
3815:Political
3798:Prisoners
3702:Aftermath
3676:Vergennes
3651:de Grasse
3646:d'Estaing
3636:Louis XVI
3574:Jefferson
3539:Dickinson
3483:St. Clair
3468:Nicholson
3443:Lafayette
3403:Duportail
3373:Alexander
3341:Shelburne
3225:Arbuthnot
3064:(by
2930:Pensacola
2890:Gibraltar
2865:St. Lucia
2830:Princeton
2542:Campaigns
2395:Minutemen
2311:Colonials
2267:Townshend
2196:Loyalists
2139:Royalists
1960:New title
1936:New title
1616:862849155
1602:: 17–18.
1587:WordPress
1065:, NY and
1063:The Bronx
1043:Manhattan
1002:Rose Hill
908:. In the
734:St. Clair
727:Princeton
723:Baltimore
465:45th Foot
449:20th Foot
296:Signature
285:Relations
195:1775–1783
193:1745–1769
3791:Military
3544:Franklin
3517:Civilian
3498:Sullivan
3488:Schuyler
3418:Hamilton
3393:Claghorn
3361:Military
3354:Colonial
3336:Sandwich
3299:Civilian
3245:Carleton
3240:Campbell
3235:Burgoyne
3218:Military
3144:Virginia
3119:New York
3099:Maryland
3089:Delaware
2950:Yorktown
2885:Savannah
2860:Monmouth
2845:Saratoga
2751:Yorktown
2741:Southern
2731:Northern
2721:Saratoga
2693:theaters
2554:Colonies
2545:Theaters
2348:Patriots
2258:up i.p.o
2246:Currency
2231:Molasses
1608:42889819
1287:Archived
986:Maryland
736:for the
676:smallpox
601:Virginia
477:Acadians
459:, under
369:Virginia
355:and the
220:Commands
159:Service/
63:1794 by
3913:theater
3671:Suffren
3661:Luzerne
3579:Laurens
3549:Hancock
3534:Carroll
3453:Lincoln
3433:de Kalb
3423:Hopkins
3321:Germain
3311:Amherst
3250:Clinton
3211:British
3201:Leaders
3094:Georgia
2925:Cowpens
2870:Grenada
2820:Trenton
2767:battles
2746:Western
2601:Marines
2548:Battles
1771:Sources
635:of the
473:Mi'kmaq
379:of the
3805:Turtle
3629:French
3599:Revere
3594:Morris
3589:McKean
3554:Hanson
3478:Rodney
3473:Putnam
3458:Mercer
3413:Greene
3383:Arnold
3290:Rodney
3270:Graves
3260:Fraser
3170:Quebec
2915:Camden
2795:Quebec
2780:Boston
2765:Major
2706:Quebec
2701:Boston
2650:France
2551:Events
2468:Events
2277:Quebec
1887:
1872:
1854:
1831:
1815:
1787:
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1661:
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1575:(blog)
1475:, 1996
1447:
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1371:
1345:
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1239:844299
1237:
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1175:
1028:Legacy
865:Camden
781:, and
566:, and
511:Career
422:Maldon
406:slaves
345:Maldon
170:
161:branch
150:
138:
113:Buried
108:, U.S.
3559:Henry
3508:Wayne
3428:Jones
3408:Gates
3398:Clark
3388:Barry
3378:Allen
3326:North
3230:Brant
2256:Stamp
2241:Sugar
1753:(PDF)
1746:(PDF)
1737:Note:
1604:JSTOR
1136:p.627
1035:Gates
885:(now
426:Essex
204:Major
3903:film
3803:The
3604:Rush
3503:Ward
3438:Knox
3265:Gage
2665:Navy
2660:Army
2596:Navy
2591:Army
2452:and
2226:Iron
1978:(as
1885:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1761:2011
1732:2011
1697:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1612:OCLC
1592:(2)
1583:2019
1561:(1)
1549:2020
1518:2020
1445:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1271:2008
1235:OCLC
1225:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1076:The
871:fall
631:and
475:and
404:his
402:free
200:Rank
96:Died
76:Born
3569:Jay
2272:Tea
1084:at
1045:'s
1037:in
893:in
873:of
752:by
599:in
367:in
120:in
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