140:
70:
346:. Tens of thousands of Jewish refugees had arrived from central and western Poland in the fall of 1939, but many of them were deported to the Soviet interior before June 1941. A further unknown figure is the number of Jews who were evacuated or fled in time or were recruited into the Red Army. As an example, of the 70,998 Jews registered in Minsk in 1939, it is estimated that about 55,000 remained when the Germans
361:
to be conducted, especially in
Baranowicze, where about 10,000 Jews remained. The escape of up to 20,000 Jews from the ghettos to the partisans forced the Germans to accelerate the liquidations of ghettos. By the spring of 1943, ghettos remained only in a few locations, including Minsk, Lida, Nowogródek, and Głębokie. In October 1943, the
360:
immediately began the systematic murder of Jews. Following a massive wave of killings between mid-May and the end of July 1942, the
Generalkommissar reported that in the 10 weeks, 55,000 Jews had been liquidated. Only in the districts of Baranowitsche and Hansewitschi were such large operations still
161:(areas). According to different sources, it had from as few as 9 to as many as 39 such subdivisions, some of them planned but never transitioned from military to civilian administration. These were to be subordinated to four or five
446:Ämter, Abkürzungen, Aktionen des NS-Staates: Handbuch für die Benutzung von Quellen der nationalsozialistischen Zeit. Amtsbezeichnungen, Ränge und Verwaltungsgliederungen, Abkürzungen und nichtmilitärische Tarnbezeichnungen
638:
Michael D. Miller: Leaders of the SS & German Police. Volume 1 Reichsführer SS – Gruppenführer (Georg Ahrens to Karl
Gutenberger), R. James Bender Publishing, 2006, pp. 456-457,
672:
381:
and, on 3 July, Minsk fell. On 1 August, administration of those parts of
Byelorussia still under German occupation reverted to military administration under Army Group Centre and
402:
677:
128:
98:
682:
365:, the largest ghetto in the Nazi-occupied Soviet Union, was the last in GkWR to be liquidated, and nearly all of its nearly 100,000 detainees perished.
350:
on 28 June 1941. By 1944, it is estimated that roughly 800,000 Byelorussian Jews, or about 90% of the Jewish population of
Byelorussia, were murdered.
94:
570:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945, Volume II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe
643:
496:
471:
454:
311:
667:
623:
585:
521:
342:
Precise demographic data on the Jewish population of GkWR in August 1941 is not available, but it is likely there were over 300,000
662:
90:
249:
until 1 April 1943. At that point, jurisdiction was transferred to the HSSPF "Russland Mitte" (Central Russia) headed by SS-
489:
Gauleiter: The
Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945, Volume 2 (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust)
274:(17 July 1941 – 22 September 1943). On 22 September 1943, Kube was assassinated by a bomb placed in his house by a Soviet
444:
253:
42:
139:
407:
337:
237:
69:
612:(2013). "Invisible Genocide. The Holocaust in Belarus". In John-Paul Himka; Joanna Beata Michlic (eds.).
85:
was formally organized on 1 September 1941 on the territory of German-occupied
Beyelorussia, (including
347:
279:
242:
215:
443:
Boberach, Heinz; Thommes, Rolf; Weiß, Hermann; Röder, Werner; Weisz, Christoph (14 February 2012).
320:
275:
609:
591:
220:
613:
639:
619:
581:
517:
492:
450:
293:
260:
246:
108:
573:
298:
233:
224:
63:
378:
324:
203:
615:
Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The
Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe
426:
656:
355:
307:
207:
166:
390:
362:
271:
198:
86:
47:
302:
595:
565:
577:
386:
103:
59:
374:
182:
514:
Allgemeine-SS : the commands, units, and leaders of the
General SS
431:
Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas, 1874-1945
178:
174:
51:
430:
101:) which had until then been under the military administration of the
55:
170:
138:
116:
68:
476:(in German). Zentralverlag der NSDAP Frz. Eher nachf. p. 33.
73:
Map of Generalbezirk Weißruthenien with administrative divisions.
343:
211:
214:. In addition, police and security matters were overseen by an
227:, and who reported to the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF)
385:
effectively ceased to exist. Gottberg was transferred to the
566:"Weissruthenien Region (Generalkommissariat Weissruthenien)"
46:, the 1941–1945 civilian occupation regime established by
318:
Curt von Gottberg (21 July 1942 – 22 September 1943); SS-
99:
eastern territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
353:
Following the German invasion, the Nazi death squads of
286:
Curt von Gottberg (22 September 1943 – 1 August 1944).
50:
for the administration of the three Baltic countries (
40:) was one of the four administrative subdivisions of
516:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. pp. 23, 44, 48–51.
403:
German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II
129:
Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories
618:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 60–62.
572:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1159–1312.
673:States and territories disestablished in 1944
197:(General Commissioner) directly appointed by
8:
536:
487:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017).
449:(in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 84.
491:. R. James Bender Publishing. p. 249.
25:
16:Nazi occupation regime in Belarus 1941-1944
678:States and territories established in 1941
559:
557:
419:
548:
127:and was subordinated directly to the
7:
327:(22 September 1943 – 1 April 1944).
305:(14 August 1941 – 22 May 1942); SS-
473:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
193:Civil administration was led by a
14:
683:World War II occupied territories
564:Browning, Christopher R. (2012).
147:(in shades of brown) within the
296:(21 July – 14 August 1941); SS-
35:General District White Ruthenia
240:until 1 November 1941, and SS-
201:, and who reported to Ostland
165:(main areas) headquartered in
62:) and the western part of the
1:
218:(SSPF) directly appointed by
314:(22 May – 21 July 1942); SS-
427:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
383:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
256:until 21 June 1944, and SS-
254:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
189:Civil and police leadership
155:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
145:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
121:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
113:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
83:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
21:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
699:
668:Reichskommissariat Ostland
335:
278:. He was succeeded by the
149:Reichskommissariat Ostland
125:Reichskommissariat Ostland
78:Organization and structure
43:Reichskommissariat Ostland
470:Alfred Rosenberg (1942).
289:SS and Police Leader: SS-
229:Ostland und Russland-Nord
537:Miller & Schulz 2017
512:Yerger, Mark C. (1997).
408:The Holocaust in Belarus
338:The Holocaust in Belarus
263:from that date forward.
135:Administrative divisions
663:Belarus in World War II
578:10.2307/j.ctt2050wk1.22
389:to become commander of
433:Retrieved 26 May 2022.
151:
74:
373:On 29 June 1944, the
142:
72:
539:, pp. 140, 148.
280:SS and Police Leader
238:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
216:SS and Police Leader
157:was subdivided into
210:, headquartered in
119:. On 1 April 1944,
610:Per Anders Rudling
152:
123:was detached from
95:Nowogródek regions
75:
644:978-9-329-70037-2
498:978-1-932-97032-6
456:978-3-11-095167-7
294:Jakob Sporrenberg
261:Curt von Gottberg
251:Obergruppenführer
247:Friedrich Jeckeln
243:Obergruppenführer
111:. The capital of
109:Army Group Centre
690:
647:
636:
630:
629:
606:
600:
599:
561:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
527:
509:
503:
502:
484:
478:
477:
467:
461:
460:
440:
434:
424:
321:Standartenführer
268:Generalkommissar
225:Heinrich Himmler
195:Generalkommissar
64:Byelorussian SSR
39:
36:
33:
30:
27:
698:
697:
693:
692:
691:
689:
688:
687:
653:
652:
651:
650:
637:
633:
626:
608:
607:
603:
596:j.ctt2050wk1.22
588:
563:
562:
555:
547:
543:
535:
531:
524:
511:
510:
506:
499:
486:
485:
481:
469:
468:
464:
457:
442:
441:
437:
425:
421:
416:
399:
379:Minsk offensive
371:
340:
334:
325:Erich Ehrlinger
221:Reichsführer-SS
204:Reichskommissar
191:
181:, and possibly
137:
80:
37:
34:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
696:
694:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
655:
654:
649:
648:
631:
625:978-0803246478
624:
601:
586:
553:
541:
529:
522:
504:
497:
479:
462:
455:
435:
418:
417:
415:
412:
411:
410:
405:
398:
395:
370:
367:
336:Main article:
333:
330:
329:
328:
287:
190:
187:
136:
133:
79:
76:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
695:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
658:
645:
641:
635:
632:
627:
621:
617:
616:
611:
605:
602:
597:
593:
589:
587:9780253355997
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
558:
554:
551:, p. 60.
550:
545:
542:
538:
533:
530:
525:
523:0-7643-0145-4
519:
515:
508:
505:
500:
494:
490:
483:
480:
475:
474:
466:
463:
458:
452:
448:
447:
439:
436:
432:
428:
423:
420:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
396:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:launched the
376:
368:
366:
364:
359:
357:
356:Einsatzgruppe
351:
349:
345:
339:
331:
326:
323:
322:
317:
316:Gruppenführer
313:
310:
309:
304:
301:
300:
299:Brigadeführer
295:
292:
291:Gruppenführer
288:
285:
284:Gruppenführer
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
265:
264:
262:
259:
258:Gruppenführer
255:
252:
248:
245:
244:
239:
236:
235:
234:Gruppenführer
230:
226:
223:
222:
217:
213:
209:
208:Hinrich Lohse
206:
205:
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:Baranowitschi
164:
160:
156:
150:
146:
141:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
105:
100:
96:
92:
89:, previously
88:
84:
77:
71:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
23:
22:
634:
614:
604:
569:
544:
532:
513:
507:
488:
482:
472:
465:
445:
438:
422:
391:XII SS Corps
382:
372:
363:Minsk ghetto
354:
352:
341:
319:
315:
312:Karl Schäfer
306:
297:
290:
283:
272:Wilhelm Kube
267:
257:
250:
241:
232:
231:in Riga, SS-
228:
219:
202:
199:Adolf Hitler
194:
192:
163:Hauptgebiete
162:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
124:
120:
112:
102:
87:West Belarus
82:
81:
48:Nazi Germany
41:
20:
19:
18:
549:Yerger 1997
369:Dissolution
303:Carl Zenner
657:Categories
414:References
308:Oberführer
387:Waffen-SS
332:Holocaust
104:Wehrmacht
60:Lithuania
397:See also
375:Red Army
276:partisan
183:Smolensk
348:invaded
179:Witebsk
175:Mogilew
159:Gebiete
143:Map of
97:of the
52:Estonia
29:
642:
622:
594:
584:
520:
495:
453:
56:Latvia
592:JSTOR
282:, SS-
171:Minsk
117:Minsk
91:Wilno
640:ISBN
620:ISBN
582:ISBN
518:ISBN
493:ISBN
451:ISBN
344:Jews
212:Riga
115:was
93:and
58:and
26:lit.
574:doi
429:in
659::
590:.
580:.
568:.
556:^
393:.
270::
185:.
177:,
173:,
169:,
131:.
106:'s
66:.
54:,
646:.
628:.
598:.
576::
526:.
501:.
459:.
358:B
38:'
32:'
24:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
