65:
34:
118:
970:
963:
353:
This condition is considered to be rare, with about 1 in 100,000 births being affected by the congenital form of genu recurvatum, although it's a common feature in some disorders, such as in joint hypermobility, which affects 1 in 30 people.
100:
The normal range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint is from 0 to 135 degrees in an adult. Full knee extension should be no more than 10 degrees. In genu recurvatum, normal extension is increased. The development of genu recurvatum may lead to
542:
530:
956:
589:
582:
446:
575:
1550:
1043:
948:
430:
222:
Connective tissue disorders. In these disorders, there are excessive joint mobility (joint hypermobility) problems. These disorders include:
1662:
1491:
742:
1445:
454:
1164:
625:
272:(ACL). The ACL has an important role in stabilization of knee extension movement by preventing the knee from hyperextending.
1280:
1657:
983:
808:
1450:
1169:
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987:
287:
275:
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1481:
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269:
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301:
170:
156:
230:
1390:
1033:
164:
1427:
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1038:
783:
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1667:
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1330:
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681:
1545:
635:
336:
150:
64:
1363:
979:
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174:
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1225:
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200:
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82:
33:
1560:
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49:
1607:
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1207:
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932:
921:
793:
330:
216:
54:
503:
The differential diagnosis of children with joint hypermobility: a review of the literature
1623:
1358:
1188:
1107:
925:
903:
882:
225:
210:
476:
81:, so that the knee bends backwards. In this deformity, excessive extension occurs in the
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1179:
1053:
851:
818:
673:
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195:
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1407:
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1578:
1471:
1313:
1285:
1071:
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846:
803:
798:
507:
497:
206:
58:
333:: physiotherapy will be beneficial in patient with complaint of pain, discomfort.
1501:
1268:
1259:
1144:
1076:
908:
887:
368:
41:
44:, a sideshow performer, had genu recurvatum and was billed as "The Camel Girl."
1476:
1412:
1325:
1319:
1295:
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1199:
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1121:
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78:
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732:
710:
263:
117:
102:
1025:
1021:
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617:
502:
138:
Instability of the knee joint due to ligaments and joint capsule injuries
522:
1593:
1251:
841:
534:
394:
650:
419:
Benson, Michael; Fixsen, John; Macnicol, Malcolm (1 August 2009).
311:
307:
266:
of the knee: The knee joint is stabilized by four main ligaments:
122:
116:
93:. This deformity is more common in women and people with familial
128:
The following factors may be involved in causing this deformity:
1136:
874:
775:
952:
571:
1569:
1099:
1012:
719:
97:. Hyperextension of the knee may be mild, moderate or severe.
327:
Sometimes pharmacologic therapy for initial disease treatment
298:
or articular capsule (especially posterior knee capsule)
259:
The most important factors of knee stability include:
341:
Use of appropriate assistive devices such as orthoses
512:
121:
A girl with genu recurvatum of her right leg due to
1616:
1592:
1568:
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1514:
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1426:
1398:
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607:
516:
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The
American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists
498:
The
American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists
48:
26:
141:Inappropriate alignment of the tibia and femur
964:
583:
8:
323:Treatment generally includes the following:
1565:
1395:
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1247:
1095:
1017:
1008:
971:
957:
949:
715:
613:
590:
576:
568:
513:
63:
32:
23:
314:(especially in knee extension position )
385:
422:Children's Orthopaedics and Fractures
144:Malunion of the bones around the knee
132:Inherent laxity of the knee ligaments
7:
1492:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
147:Weakness in the hip extensor muscles
982:malformations and deformations of
393:Pednaud, J. Tithonu (8 May 2006).
14:
743:Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
453:. 7 February 2013. Archived from
241:Benign hypermobile joint syndrome
135:Weakness of biceps femoris muscle
85:. Genu recurvatum is also called
1165:Congenital patellar dislocation
1044:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
153:weakness (in standing position)
1:
306:Appropriate alignment of the
809:Patellofemoral pain syndrome
447:"Congenital Genu Recurvatum"
1663:Knee injuries and disorders
1451:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
1446:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
1170:Congenital knee dislocation
988:musculoskeletal abnormality
288:Lateral collateral ligament
276:Posterior cruciate ligament
1684:
1482:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
282:Medial collateral ligament
270:Anterior cruciate ligament
192:Congenital genu recurvatum
1456:Treacher Collins syndrome
1307:reduction deficits / limb
477:"Ehlers-Danlos syndromes"
425:. Springer. p. 495.
302:Quadriceps femoris muscle
171:Lower motor neuron lesion
157:Upper motor neuron lesion
40:
31:
1281:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
1034:Cleidocranial dysostosis
165:cerebrovascular accident
1428:Craniofacial dysostosis
784:Chondromalacia patellae
246:Osteogenesis imperfecta
984:musculoskeletal system
761:Angular limb deformity
236:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
125:
77:is a deformity in the
1536:Klippel–Feil syndrome
682:Boutonniere deformity
120:
1546:Spina bifida occulta
1062:Madelung's deformity
1039:Sprengel's deformity
918:Abnormal angulation
842:Bunion/hallux valgus
636:Subacromial bursitis
337:Occupational therapy
231:Loeys–Dietz syndrome
151:Gastrocnemius muscle
16:Orthopedic deformity
1658:Orthopedic problems
1364:RAPADILINO syndrome
738:Protrusio acetabuli
692:Swan neck deformity
626:Adhesive capsulitis
399:thehumanmarvels.com
395:"The Human Marvels"
175:post-polio syndrome
163:as the result of a
107:knee osteoarthritis
87:knee hyperextension
1226:Rocker bottom foot
914:Ligamentous laxity
766:Unequal leg length
483:. 18 October 2017.
457:on 5 November 2021
201:Muscular dystrophy
189:length discrepancy
126:
95:ligamentous laxity
83:tibiofemoral joint
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1561:Thoracic skeleton
1541:Spondylolisthesis
1510:
1509:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1239:
1238:
1085:
1084:
946:
945:
938:Joint dislocation
865:
864:
705:
704:
631:Rotator cuff tear
565:
564:
432:978-1-84882-610-6
180:Deficit in joint
173:(for example, in
72:
71:
21:Medical condition
1675:
1608:Pectus carinatum
1603:Pectus excavatum
1566:
1524:Spinal curvature
1516:Vertebral column
1436:Crouzon syndrome
1400:Craniosynostosis
1396:
1387:
1252:fingers and toes
1248:
1160:Discoid meniscus
1117:Upington disease
1096:
1018:
1009:
973:
966:
959:
950:
933:Bone malrotation
922:Valgus deformity
794:Luxating patella
716:
614:
592:
585:
578:
569:
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485:
484:
473:
467:
466:
464:
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443:
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416:
410:
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405:
390:
331:Physical therapy
217:Popliteus muscle
68:
67:
55:Medical genetics
36:
24:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1628:
1624:Poland syndrome
1612:
1588:
1555:
1506:
1460:
1422:
1368:
1359:Larsen syndrome
1347:multiple joints
1342:
1302:
1235:
1174:
1155:Genu recurvatum
1131:
1108:Hip dislocation
1081:
1048:
998:
990:
977:
947:
942:
926:Varus deformity
904:Joint stiffness
892:
883:Cauliflower ear
861:
813:
789:Genu recurvatum
770:
747:
701:
668:
645:
603:
600:musculoskeletal
596:
566:
561:
560:
525:
494:
489:
488:
475:
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470:
460:
458:
445:
444:
440:
433:
418:
417:
413:
403:
401:
392:
391:
387:
382:
360:
351:
321:
257:
255:Pathophysiology
226:Marfan syndrome
211:plantar flexion
115:
75:Genu recurvatum
62:
27:Genu recurvatum
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1645:
1644:
1638:
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1634:
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1620:
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1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1599:
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1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Dolichocephaly
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1418:Trigonocephaly
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1391:Skull and face
1384:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1354:Arthrogryposis
1350:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:Arachnodactyly
1273:
1272:
1271:
1256:
1254:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1184:
1182:
1180:foot deformity
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1054:hand deformity
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1006:
992:
991:
978:
976:
975:
968:
961:
953:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
929:
928:
916:
911:
906:
900:
898:
894:
893:
891:
890:
885:
879:
877:
867:
866:
863:
862:
860:
859:
854:
852:Hallux rigidus
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
780:
778:
772:
771:
769:
768:
763:
757:
755:
749:
748:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
722:
713:
707:
706:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
659:Cubitus valgus
655:
653:
647:
646:
644:
643:
641:Winged scapula
638:
633:
628:
622:
620:
611:
605:
604:
597:
595:
594:
587:
580:
572:
563:
562:
559:
558:
539:
538:: M21.8, Q68.2
526:
521:
520:
518:
517:Classification
511:
510:
505:
500:
493:
492:External links
490:
487:
486:
468:
438:
431:
411:
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233:
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220:
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196:Cerebral palsy
193:
190:
184:
182:proprioception
178:
168:
159:(for example,
154:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
114:
111:
70:
69:
52:
46:
45:
38:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1680:
1669:
1668:Rare diseases
1666:
1664:
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1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1625:
1622:
1621:
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1582:
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1552:
1551:Sacralization
1549:
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1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Plagiocephaly
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Hypertelorism
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Scaphocephaly
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:Brachydactyly
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1244:Either / both
1242:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Hip dysplasia
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
969:
967:
962:
960:
955:
954:
951:
939:
936:
934:
931:
927:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:General terms
895:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
820:
816:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
779:
777:
773:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
754:
750:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
721:
717:
714:
712:
708:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:Mallet finger
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
675:
671:
665:
664:Cubitus varus
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
652:
648:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
619:
615:
612:
610:
606:
601:
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
574:
573:
570:
557:
553:
549:
548:
544:
540:
537:
536:
532:
528:
527:
524:
519:
515:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
491:
482:
478:
472:
469:
456:
452:
448:
442:
439:
434:
428:
424:
423:
415:
412:
400:
396:
389:
386:
379:
375:
374:Hypermobility
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
348:
343:
340:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
324:
318:
313:
309:
305:
303:
300:
297:
296:Joint capsule
294:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
215:
212:
208:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
183:
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176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
155:
152:
149:
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134:
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129:
124:
119:
112:
110:
108:
104:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
60:
56:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
25:
19:
1653:Rheumatology
1472:Macrocephaly
1318:
1314:Acheiropodia
1286:Ectrodactyly
1206:
1187:
1154:
1072:Oligodactyly
1067:Clinodactyly
996:Appendicular
847:Hallux varus
804:Patella baja
799:Patella alta
788:
541:
529:
480:
471:
459:. Retrieved
455:the original
450:
441:
421:
414:
402:. Retrieved
398:
388:
352:
322:
258:
213:contracture)
207:dorsiflexion
127:
99:
90:
86:
74:
73:
59:rheumatology
18:
1502:Saddle nose
1269:Webbed toes
1260:Polydactyly
1145:Genu valgum
1077:Polydactyly
909:Contracture
888:Torticollis
602:deformities
451:Medical Bag
369:Genu valgum
42:Ella Harper
1647:Categories
1477:Platybasia
1413:Oxycephaly
1326:Phocomelia
1320:Ectromelia
1296:Stub thumb
1264:Syndactyly
1231:Hammer toe
1200:Pigeon toe
1150:Genu varum
1122:Coxa valga
980:Congenital
857:Hammer toe
728:Coxa valga
711:Lower limb
697:Wrist drop
609:Upper limb
461:5 November
380:References
364:Genu varum
187:Lower limb
161:hemiplegia
79:knee joint
1529:Scoliosis
1336:Hemimelia
1221:Pes cavus
1214:Flat feet
1195:Club foot
1127:Coxa vara
837:Foot drop
832:Flat feet
827:Club foot
733:Coxa vara
598:Acquired
349:Incidence
319:Treatment
264:Ligaments
103:knee pain
91:back knee
50:Specialty
1579:Cervical
1026:shoulder
1022:clavicle
1004:dysmelia
618:shoulder
404:24 April
358:See also
219:weakness
205:Limited
1594:sternum
344:Surgery
248:disease
1617:other:
1331:Amelia
1208:valgus
556:754.40
481:nhs.uk
429:
113:Causes
61:
1584:Bifid
1465:other
1382:Axial
1189:varus
651:elbow
552:736.5
312:tibia
308:femur
290:(LCL)
284:(MCL)
278:(PCL)
123:polio
1570:ribs
1137:knee
1013:Arms
1000:limb
875:neck
873:and
871:Head
819:foot
776:knee
674:hand
547:9-CM
463:2021
427:ISBN
406:2010
310:and
105:and
89:and
1100:hip
1091:Leg
753:leg
720:hip
543:ICD
531:ICD
1649::
1262:/
1110:/
1024:/
1002:/
986:/
554:,
550::
535:10
479:.
449:.
397:.
109:.
57:,
1596::
1572::
972:e
965:t
958:v
924:/
591:e
584:t
577:v
545:-
533:-
523:D
465:.
435:.
408:.
209:(
177:)
167:)
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