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A new partition plan was prepared by the League of
Nations and was adopted by the Conference of Ambassadors, the successor of the Supreme Council of the Principal Allied Powers, on 20 October 1921. That plan was due to enter into effect by 20 June 1922, but it still created a situation in which some
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On 20 June 1922, the division according to the plan of the
Conference of the Ambassadors became effective. Germany had to accept the loss of its coal-bearing land and was left with the economically-unimportant West Upper Silesia although Silesian coal was then highly relevant to the German economy.
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The two states made little use of the commission, with only 18 complaints over the years. However, Calonder, who was active in protecting minority rights, handled more than 3,400 minority right cases by individuals and groups. His opinions were non-binding on the contracting states and were not
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Erpelding, Michel. "Local
International Adjudication: The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia" In: M. Erpelding, B. Hess, H. Ruiz Fabri (Eds.), Peace Through Law: The Versailles Peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement After World War I. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2019,
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led to the suspension of anti-Jewish legislation in German Upper
Silesia until 1937. Individuals also made wide use of the Arbitral Tribunal, which solved more than 4,000 cases. Its wide-ranging powers included a procedure, known as "evocation", which prefigured the
174:, a commission for Polish affairs was created to prepare proposals for the Polish borders. In its first two proposals (on 27 March 1919 and of 7 May 1919), most of the future province was ceded to Poland, together with the region of
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Irurzun
Montoro, Fernando. "¿La cuestión de interpretación ante el tribunal arbitral de la alta silesia (1922–1937) como antecedente de la cuestión prejudicial europea?" (2017) 63 Revista Española de Derecho Europeo
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in World War I, the population of Upper
Silesia was to hold a plebiscite to determine the division of the province between Poland and Germany, with the exception of a 333 km (129 sq mi) area around
225:. The conference had the aims of alleviating the economic consequences of the partition of the highly-industrialised region and guaranteeing minority rights in both Polish and German Upper Silesia.
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inhabitants of the area. Poland won 41% of the votes in the plebiscite, and a plan for the division of Upper Silesa was then made. that led to a new phase of the
Silesian Uprisings, the so-called
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265:. The part of Silesia that was awarded to Poland was by far the best-developed and richest region of the newly formed state and produced most of Poland's industrial output.
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281:, was set up as a quasi-judicial body to arbitrate disputes for a 15-year interim period until 1937. The Mixed Commission was headquartered in the Polish-held
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along ethnic lines. However, it deal was not approved by the
Czechoslovak government in Prague. Poland held elections in the entire disputed area, and in the
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rural territories that had voted for Poland were granted to
Germany, and some urban territories that had voted for Germany were granted to Poland.
277:(or "Mixed Commission for Upper Silesia"), composed of an equal number of Polish and German delegates and headed by a neutral Swiss president,
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The planned plebiscite was not organised in the
Teschen region but was held in most of the other parts of Upper Silesia. On 28 July 1920, the
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465:"Stoßtruppfakultät Breslau": Rechtswissenschaft im "Grenzland Schlesien" 1933–1945 (Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts).
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HARRINGTON, JOSEPH F. "The League of Nations and the Upper Silesian boundary dispute, 1921-1922." The Polish Review (1978): 86-101.
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decided that the easternmost Upper Silesian areas should become an autonomous area within Poland, organised as the
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In 1921, a convention in Geneva to regulate the conditions in Upper Silesia took place under the chairmanship of
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as a constituency and Silesian Voivodeship Council as the executive body. A central political figure was
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314:, and the tribunal has even been described as "the most sophisticated international tribunal of day".
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Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection.
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Erpelding, Michel. "Upper Silesian Mixed Commission." Max Planck Institute Luxembourg, 2017.
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divided Teschen Silesia between Poland and Czechoslovakia along the present-day border.
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Völkerrechtsprechung: Ausgewählte Entscheidungen zum Völkerrecht in Retrospektive.
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in 1920 despite its German-speaking majority. The plebiscite, organised by the
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289:(or "Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia"), headquartered in the German-held
178:. That was not accepted by the Big Four, however, and British Prime Minister
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205:. The result of the 1921 referendum was legally nonbinding and was ignored.
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Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939
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Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939
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131:, there was an interim agreement between the Polish and Czechoslovakian
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Jörg Menzel, Tobias Pierlings, and Jeannine Hoffmann (eds.),
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Das Jahrhundert verstehen: Eine universalhistorische Deutung.
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always followed, but they had an effect. In particular, the
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In 1918, various proposals emerged defining the division of
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Full Text of the German–Polish Convention on Upper Silesia
513:. PAI-press 177389723, Warszawa – Praga – Trzyniec, 1922.
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Convention germano-polonaise relative à la Haute Silésie
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and presided over by the Belgian international lawyer
67:, dealt with the constitutional and legal future of
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391:The International Experiment of Upper Silesia.
53:Deutsch–Polnisches Abkommen über Oberschlesien
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506:New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
189:Before it took place on 20 March 1921, two
499:vol. 2 (November 2000), pp. 385–400.
379:Upper Silesia Plebiscite: A Brief History
32:German–Polish Convention on Upper Silesia
509:Stanisław Zahradnik, Marek Ryczkowski,
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234:The major part of Silesia remaining in
569:Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
269:Mixed Commission and Arbitral Tribunal
238:was reorganised into the provinces of
135:on the partition of past lands of the
193:had been organised and instigated by
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589:Germany–Poland relations (1918–1939)
297:, also played an adjudicating role.
18:German-Polish Accord on East Silesia
460:Luchterhand Literaturverlag, 1999.
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61:Konwencja genewska o Górnym Śląsku
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287:Upper Silesian Arbitral Tribunal
213:Geneva Convention of 15 May 1922
65:Geneva Convention of 15 May 1922
579:Politics of the Weimar Republic
574:Treaties of the Weimar Republic
275:Upper Silesian Mixed Commission
497:Contemporary European History,
393:Oxford University Press, 1942.
324:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
133:local self-government councils
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182:successfully suggested for a
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564:Treaties concluded in 1921
554:League of Nations treaties
312:European Court of Justice
75:territory after the 1921
389:* Georges Kaeckenbeeck,
162:Upper Silesia Plebiscite
119:), which was granted to
77:Upper Silesia plebiscite
199:Third Silesian Uprising
141:Polish–Czechoslovak War
127:, was held in 1921. In
71:, part of which became
172:Paris Peace Conference
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310:procedure before the
223:Swiss Federal Council
63:), also known as the
559:World War I treaties
295:Georges Kaeckenbeeck
255:Silesian Voivodeship
117:Hultschiner Ländchen
104:Treaty of Versailles
539:1921 in Switzerland
477:Edward Długajczyk,
474:Mohr Siebeck, 2005.
467:Mohr Siebeck, 2011.
369:, 1992, p. 59.
259:Silesian Parliament
481:. Katowice Śląsk,
356:, 1993, p. 7.
334:History of Silesia
329:East Upper Silesia
308:preliminary ruling
221:, a member of the
203:Battle of Annaberg
191:Silesian uprisings
180:David Lloyd George
544:League of Nations
303:Bernheim petition
263:Wojciech Korfanty
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170:. At the
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