2173:
late 1960s
Silvaner was overtaken by the high-yielding Müller-Thurgau, which in turn started to lose ground in the 1980s. From the mid-1990s, Riesling became the most planted variety, a position it probably had never enjoyed before on a national level. Red grapes in Germany have experienced several ups and downs. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, there was a downward trend, which was reversed around 1980. From mid-1990s and during the next decade, there was an almost explosive growth of plantation of red varieties. Plantings was shared between traditional Spätburgunder and a number of new
2165:
3054:(QmP) wines made from grapes of higher ripeness. As ripeness increases, the fruit characteristics and price increase. Categories within Prädikatswein are Kabinett, Spätlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Trockenbeerenauslese and Eiswein. Wines of these categories can not be chaptalized. All these categories within Prädikatswein are solely linked to minimum requirements of potential alcohol. While these may correlate with harvest time, there are no legally defined harvest time restrictions anymore.
459:, Germanic viticulture was practiced primarily, although not exclusively, on the western side of Rhine. Charlemagne is supposed to have brought viticulture to Rheingau. The eastward spread of viticulture coincided with the spread of Christianity, which was supported by Charlemagne. Thus, in Medieval Germany, churches and monasteries played the most important role in viticulture, and especially in the production of quality wine. Two Rheingau examples illustrate this: archbishop
4015:
5295:
5003:
4233:
157:
596:
vineyards further, leading to the establishment of many cooperatives. However, many notable and world-famous wineries in
Germany have managed to acquire or hold enough land to produce wine not only for domestic consumption, but also export. After the battle of Waterloo and Napoleon’s final defeat, the Rhineland (which encompasses the viticultural regions Mosel, Mittelrhein, Nahe and Ahr) fell to Prussia, while the Palatinate (Pfalz) fell to Bavaria.
141:
133:
345:
2907:
36:
4027:
2359:
2349:
2994:
820:– the second largest producing region in Germany, with production of very varied styles of wine (especially in the southern half), where red wine has been on the increase. The northern half of the region is home to many well-known Riesling producers with a long history, which specialize in powerful Riesling wines in a dry style. Until 1995, it was known in German as
653:
2726:
2716:
263:. (The only wine style not commonly produced is fortified wine.) Due to the northerly location of the German vineyards, the country has produced wines quite unlike any others in Europe, many of outstanding quality. Between the 1950s and the 1980s German wine was known abroad for cheap, sweet or semi-sweet, low-quality mass-produced wines such as
3208:
15 931 vineyard owners. Two digit decreases of operating owners change the structure. Many smaller vineyard owners do not pursue viticulture as a full-time occupation, but rather as a supplement to other agriculture or to hospitality. It is not uncommon for a visitor to a German wine region to find that a small family-owned
677:) categories. Those regions, with a few exceptions overlap, with the quality wine regions. To make a clear distinction between the quality levels, the regions and subregions for different quality levels have different names on purpose, even when they are allowed to be produced in the same geographical area.
3228:
A total of 5,864 vineyard owners owned more than 5 ha each in 2016, accounting for 81% of
Germany's total vineyard surface, and it is in this category that the full-time vintners and commercial operations are primarily found. However, truly large wineries, in terms of their own vineyard holdings, are
3008:
In general, the ripeness classifications of German wines reflect minimum sugar content in the grape (also known as "potential alcohol" = the amount of alcohol resulting from fermenting all sugar in the juice) at the point of harvest of the grape. They have nothing to do with the sweetness of the wine
2194:
is the benchmark grape in
Germany and covers the most area in German vineyards. It is an aromatic variety with a high level of acidity that can be used for dry, semi-sweet, sweet and sparkling wines. The drawback to Riesling is that it takes 130 days to ripen and, in marginal years, the Riesling crop
799:
soils, and the best wines are grown in dramatic-looking steep vineyards directly overlooking the rivers. This region produces wine that is light in body due to lower alcohol levels, crisp, of high acidity and with pronounced mineral character. The only region to stick to
Riesling wine with noticeable
286:), as techniques to stop fermentation did not exist. Recently much more German white wine is being made in the dry style again. Much of the wine sold in Germany is dry, especially in restaurants. However most exports are still of sweet wines, particularly to the traditional export markets such as the
3207:
oriented vineyard owners. The 1999 viticultural survey counted 68 598 vineyard owners, down from 76 683 in
Western Germany in 1989/90, for an average size of 1.5 ha. Most of the 40 625 operators of less than 0.5 ha should likely be classified as hobby winemakers. The 2016 viticultural survey counted
3103:
wines ("dry berries selection") are made from grapes of an even higher potential alcohol level, generally reachable only with the help of
Botrytis. The grapes used for Trockenbeerenauslese have reached an even more raisin-like state than those used for Beerenauslese. Due to the high concentration of
1607:
varieties may be cultivated in
Germany – 100 are released for white wine production and 35 for red wine production. According to the international image, Germany is still considered a region for white wine production. Since the 1980s, demand for German red wine has constantly increased, and this has
603:
Custom-free access to the vast
Prussian markets in the east and the growing industrial clusters on the Ruhr and protection from non-Prussian competitors, including from southern German regions such Baden, WĂĽrttemberg, Palatinate and Rheinhessen, fostered Mosel, Rhine, Nahe and Ahr winemakers, due to
595:
them. In 1801, all German states west of the Rhine river were incorporated into the French state. This included the wine regions Ahr, Mosel, Nahe, Rheinhessen, and Pfalz, i.e., the vast majority of German wine production. Since then the
Napoleonic inheritance laws in Germany broke up the parcels of
3212:
has its own wine. Smaller grape-growers who do not wish to, or are unable to, commercialise their own wine have several options available: sell the grapes (either on the market each harvest year, or on long-term contract with larger wineries looking to supplement their own production), deliver the
841:
or Rhenish Hesse – the largest production area in Germany. Once known as Liebfraumilch land, but a quality revolution has taken place since the 1990s. Mixed wine styles and both red and white wines. The best Riesling wines are similar to Palatinate Riesling – dry and powerful. Despite its name, it
612:
The German wine regions are some of the most northerly in the world. The main wine-producing climate lies below the 50th parallel, which runs through the regions Rheingau and Mosel. Above this line the climate becomes less conducive to wine production, but there are still some vineyards above this
2230:
is another subtle, fairly neutral, but quite old grape variety that was Germany's most planted until the 1960s and after that has continued to lose ground. It has however remained popular in Franconia and Rheinhessen, where it is grown on chalky soils to produce powerful dry wines with a slightly
2172:
During the last century several changes have taken place with respect to the most planted varieties. Until the early 20th century, Elbling was Germany's most planted variety, after which it was eclipsed by Silvaner during the middle of the 20th century. After a few decades in the top spot, in the
546:
For several centuries of the Medieval era, the vineyards of Germany (including Alsace) expanded, and is believed to have reached their greatest extent sometime around 1500, when perhaps as much as four times the present vineyard surface was planted. Basically, the wine regions were located in the
242:
and of enormous aromatic concentration. While primarily a white wine country, red wine production surged in the 1990s and early 2000s, primarily fuelled by domestic demand, and the proportion of the German vineyards devoted to the cultivation of dark-skinned grape varieties has now stabilized at
3144:
wines are noticeably sweet; except for the high category Prädikatsweine of type Beerenauslese and above, lieblich wines from Germany are usually of the low Tafelwein category. The number of German wines produced in a lieblich style has dropped markedly since the style went out of fashion in the
3120:
in the frozen state. The ice stays in the press during pressing and hence a concentrated juice flows off the press leading to higher potential alcohol levels, which in turn generally result in sweet wines due to the high potential alcohol. The taste differs from the other high-level wines since
639:
effects to moderate the temperature. The soil is slate in the steep valleys, to absorb the sun's heat and retain it overnight. On the rolling hills the soil is lime and clay dominated. The great sites are often extremely steep so they catch the most sunlight, but they are difficult to harvest
229:
As a wine country, Germany has a mixed reputation internationally, with some consumers on the export markets associating Germany with the world's most elegant and aromatically pure white wines while other see the country mainly as the source of cheap, mass-market semi-sweet wines such as
427:
is known to have grown on upper Rhine back to historic time, and it is possible (but not documented) that Roman-era German viticulture was started using local varieties. Many viticultural practices were however taken from other parts of the Roman empire, as evidenced by Roman-style
668:
The wine regions in Germany usually referred to are the 13 defined regions for quality wine. The German wine industry has organised itself around these regions and their division into districts. However, there are also a number of regions for the insignificant table wine
590:
At one point the Church controlled most of the major vineyards in Germany. Quality instead of quantity become important and spread quickly down the river Rhine. In the 1800s, Napoleon took control of all the vineyards from the Church, including the best, and divided and
3095:, which perforates the skin of the grape forcing water to drip out and all remaining elements to concentrate. Due to the high potential alcohol level required for this category of ripeness, these wines are generally made into sweet wines and can make good dessert wines.
2337:, the state governments are responsible for drawing up lists of grape varieties allowed in wine production. The varieties listed below are officially permitted for commercial cultivation. The lists include varieties permitted only for selected experimental cultivation.
830:– a small region at a bend in the Rhine that provide excellent conditions for winegrowing. The oldest documented references to Riesling come from the Rheingau region and it is the region where many German winemaking practices have originated, such as the use of
3135:
wines are off-dry and have 9–18 grams/liter of residual sugar. Due to the high acidity ("crispness") of many German wines, the taste profile of many halbtrocken wines fall within the "internationally dry" spectrum rather than being appreciably sweet.
643:
The vineyards are extremely small compared to New World vineyards and wine making is dominated by craft rather than industry wines. This makes the lists of wines produced long and complex, and many wines hard to obtain as production is so limited.
2205:. Unlike the long ripening time of Riesling, this grape variety only requires 100 days to ripen, can be planted on more sites, and is higher yielding. However, this grape has a more neutral flavour than Riesling, and as the main ingredient of
3252:) had 70 ha. This means that most of the high-ranking German wineries each only produces around 100,000 bottles of wine per year. That production is often distributed over, say, 10–25 different wines from different vineyards, of different
884:– a traditional red wine region, where grape varieties Trollinger (the region's signature variety), Schwarzriesling and Lemberger outnumber the varieties that dominate elsewhere. One of two wine regions in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
152:. These vineyards are located in the southwestern part of the region Rheingau at a bend in the river. These vineyards are planted with Riesling grapes, with some Spätburgunder (Pinot noir), and produce some of the finest wine in Germany.
3080:
wines ("select harvest") are made from grapes that have achieved minimum defined potential alcohol levels. Those minimum requirements differ by region and grape variety. Essentially, Auslese is the third level of reserve grape
3071:
wines ("late harvest") are made from grapes that have achieved minimum defined potential alcohol levels. Those minimum requirements differ by region and grape variety. Essentially, Spatlese is the second level of reserve grape
555:
ravaging Germany in the 17th century, to the dissolution of the monasteries, where much of the winemaking know-how was concentrated, in those areas that accepted the Protestant reformation, and to the climatic changes of the
2177:, led by Dornfelder, while other traditional German red varieties such as Portugieser only held their ground. From around 2005, the proportion of red varieties has stabilized around 37%, about three times the 1980 level.
2209:
its reputation has taken a beating together with that wine variety. Germany's most planted variety from the 1970s to the mid-1990s, it has been losing ground for a number of years. Dry MĂĽller-Thurgau is usually labeled
404:, whose reign can be dated two centuries later than these knives, is generally considered the founder of German viticulture, but for solid documentation of winemaking on German soil, we must go to around 370 AD, when
2955:
methods. With an average annual growth rate of 25 percent and a cultivated area of more than 7,000 hectares, Germany ranks in place six worldwide. The market share of organic wine is between four and five percent.
749:. Noted for growing many varieties on chalky soil and for producing powerful dry Silvaner wines. In Germany, only Franconia and certain small parts of the Baden region are allowed to use the distinctive flattened
3062:
wines are made from grapes that have achieved minimum defined potential alcohol levels. Those minimum requirements differ by region and grape variety. Essentially, Kabinett is the first level of reserve grape
3721:
3703:
3507:
2279:– a "new crossing" that has become much appreciated in Germany since it is easy to grow and gives dark-coloured, full-bodied, fruity and tannic wines of a style that used to be hard to produce in Germany.
834:
designations. Dominated by Riesling with some Spätburgunder. The Rheingau Riesling style is in-between Mosel and the Palatinate and other southern regions, and at its finest combines the best aspects of
502:
Many grape varieties commonly associated with German wines have been documented back to the 14th or 15th century. Riesling has been documented from 1435 (close to Rheingau), and Pinot noir from 1318 on
5925:
4203:
567:
in Rheingau, when the courier delivering the harvest permission was delayed for two weeks, with the result that most of the grapes in Johannisberg's Riesling-only vineyard had been affected by
620:
Because of the northerly climate, there has been a search for suitable grape varieties (particularly frost resistant and early harvesting ones), and many crosses have been developed, such as
352:
system traditional to the Palatinate, where it was widely used until the 18th century. In an all-wooden version (without the steel wires), this system is supposed to date back to Roman times.
579:. From this time, late harvest wines from grapes affected by noble rot have been produced intentionally. The subsequent differentiation of wines based on harvested ripeness, starting with
810:
where volcanic origins give very varied soils. Mixed grape varieties but the best-known producers primarily grow Riesling, and some of them have achieved world reputation in recent years.
2944:
used for low-quality white wine yield up to 150–200 hl/ha, while quality-conscious producers who strive to produce well-balanced wines of concentrated flavours rarely exceed 50 hl/ha.
2273:) – a much-appreciated grape variety that demands good sites to produce good wines and therefore competes with Riesling. It is considered to give the most elegant red wines of Germany.
3089:
wines ("berry selection") are made from grapes that have achieved minimum defined potential alcohol levels. The concentration of the grape juice may have been facilitated by a fungus
400:
knives found in the vicinity of Roman garrisons, dating from the 1st century AD. However, it is not absolutely certain that these knives were used for viticultural purposes. Emperor
547:
same places as today, but more lands around the rivers, and land further upstream Rhine's tributaries, was cultivated. The subsequent decline can be attributed to locally produced
3764:
1608:
resulted in a doubling of the vineyards used for red wine. Nowadays, over 35% of the vineyards are cultivated with red grapes. Some of the red grapes are also used to produce
3264:, with 200 ha vineyards, the produce of which is vinified in three separate wineries. The largest privately held winery is Dr. BĂĽrklin-Wolf in the Palatinate with 85,5 ha.
965:
Riesling (17.0%), MĂĽller-Thurgau (16.4%), Dornfelder (12.7%), Silvaner (8.6%), Pinot gris (6.3%), Pinot Noir (5.5%), Pinot blanc (4.7%), Portugieser (4.5%), Kerner (3.1%),
3152:(VDP), which is a private marketing club founded in 1910, has lobbied for the recognition of a vineyard classification, but its effort have not yet changed national law.
2922:
Many of the best vineyards in Germany are steep vineyards overlooking rivers, where mechanisation is impossible and a lot of manual labour is needed to produce the wine.
3872:
6092:
5935:
2185:
White grape varieties account for 66% of the area planted in Germany. Principal varieties are listed below; there are larger numbers of less important varieties too.
3718:
3700:
3504:
6297:
720:
allowed. Most of the land is cultivated with Pinot family. That include Pinot Noir (Spätburgunder), Pinot Gris (Grauburgunder) and Pinot Blanc (Weissburgunder).
614:
3042:) wines from a defined appellation with the exception of Liebfraumilch, which can be blended from several regions and still be classified as Qualitätswein.
3116:) wine is made grapes that freeze naturally on the vine and have to reach the same potential alcohol level as Beerenauslese. The grapes are harvested and
991:
Riesling (24.8%), Dornfelder (12.7%), MĂĽller-Thurgau (8.6%), Pinot noir (7.1%), Pinot gris (6.5%), Portugieser (6.3%), Pinot blanc (5.2%), Kerner (3.6%)
600:
received what is today known as Rheinhessen. Many of the best vineyards were transferred to the new states, where they were wrapped up as state domains.
3688:
3149:
3104:
sugar in the raisin-like grape, these wines can only be made in a sweet style and make extremely sweet, concentrated and usually quite expensive wines.
628:. Since several years ago there has been an increase in plantings of Riesling as local and international demand has been demanding high quality wines.
5337:
3005:
reveals much information about the wine's origin, the minimum ripeness of the grapes used for the wine, as well as the dryness/sweetness of the wine.
6583:
5823:
443:
Almost nothing is known of the style or quality of "German" wines that were produced in the Roman era, with the exception of the fact that the poet
6764:
5229:
6057:
4059:
6364:
5051:
3409:
238:
grape variety, which at its best is used for aromatic, fruity and elegant white wines that range from very crisp and dry to well-balanced,
6027:
3620:
6211:
6194:
3390:
625:
6102:
6067:
3761:
1121:
Riesling (28.6%), MĂĽller-Thurgau (12.8%), Dornfelder (10.2%); Pinot gis (7.2%), Pinot blanc (6.7%), Pinot noir (6.6%), Silvaner (5.4%)
6012:
3961:
3916:
3303:
724:
6292:
6551:
6455:
4313:
3931:
3901:
3789:
3749:
3670:
3555:
3460:
119:
3802:
5346:
713:
259:
Germany produces wines in many styles: dry, semi-sweet and sweet white wines, rosé wines, red wines and sparkling wines, called
222:
annually, corresponding to 1.3 billion bottles, which places Germany as the eighth-largest wine-producing country in the world.
6842:
6417:
6017:
4602:
4288:
6400:
6216:
5900:
4769:
708:– Germany's southernmost, warmest and sunniest winegrowing region, in Germany's southwestern corner, across river Rhine from
551:
becoming the everyday beverage in northern Germany in the 16th century, leading to a partial loss of market for wine, to the
57:
3869:
3225:. Those who own vineyards in truly good locations also have the option of renting them out to larger producers to operate.
6694:
6470:
6332:
6236:
6135:
5330:
5255:
3975:
3817:
1571:
100:
6714:
6442:
6312:
5816:
5697:
5260:
4187:
881:
769:– along the middle portions of river Rhine, primarily between the regions Rheingau and Mosel, and dominated by Riesling.
72:
53:
6509:
6422:
5874:
5537:
4119:
1545:
686:
3022:) is mostly consumed in the country and not exported. Generally used for blended wines that can not be Qualitätswein.
2925:
Since it can be difficult to get ripe grapes in such a northernly location as Germany, the sugar maturity of grapes (
301:
Red wine has always been hard to produce in the German climate, and in the past was usually light-colored, closer to
1017:
Pinot noir (34.5%), MĂĽller-Thurgau (15.5%), Pinot gris (12.9%), Pinot blanc (9.4%), Gutedel (7.0%), Riesling (6.8)%
6432:
6344:
6322:
6241:
6226:
6042:
6022:
5864:
5180:
5147:
4976:
4076:
4005:
3995:
3001:
German wine classification is sometimes the source of confusion. However, to those familiar with the terms used, a
2988:
79:
3833:
6684:
5869:
5270:
5160:
4172:
4147:
4052:
1343:
838:
766:
429:
6847:
6661:
6623:
6460:
6231:
5323:
5265:
5044:
4986:
4915:
4807:
4408:
4391:
4162:
3221:
in Germany), or sell the wine in bulk to winemaking firms that use them in "bulk brands" or as a base wine for
813:
437:
3377:
86:
6837:
6797:
6671:
6651:
6628:
6608:
6568:
6531:
6480:
6354:
6317:
6087:
5809:
5155:
4528:
4364:
4142:
4137:
3526:
2328:
756:
734:
702:, a tributary of Rhine, that despite its northernly location primarily produces red wine from Spätburgunder.
657:
571:
before the harvest began. Unexpectedly, these "rotten grapes" gave a very good sweet wine, which was termed
532:
46:
2521:
372:). In those days, the western parts of today's Germany made up the outpost of the Roman empire against the
6598:
6573:
6536:
6395:
6327:
6156:
6047:
6037:
5018:
4941:
4386:
4167:
3349:
3214:
3179:
2952:
2164:
1586:
1579:
1553:
827:
727:
in the winegrowing region of Baden is Germany's warmest location. One of two wine regions in the state of
488:
401:
3245:
2975:
and all wines must be fermented dry if chaptalised. To balance the wine, unfermented grape juice, called
6759:
6578:
6563:
6526:
5627:
4956:
4725:
4369:
2496:
870:– one of two regions in former East Germany, in the southeastern corner of the country, along the river
68:
3489:
2591:
2650:
2427:
2168:
Per cent share of common grape varieties in Germany 1964–2007. Data taken from German Wine Statistics.
640:
mechanically. The slopes are also positioned facing the south or south-west to angle towards the sun.
6832:
6541:
6485:
6369:
6307:
6302:
6272:
6204:
6182:
6130:
6032:
4607:
4359:
4182:
4109:
4045:
3845:
3099:
2682:
2660:
2392:
863:
728:
564:
552:
472:
444:
191:
3648:
2677:
2481:
2265:
Red wine varieties account for 34% of the plantations in Germany but has increased in recent years.
6724:
6618:
6593:
6588:
6465:
6410:
6349:
6255:
5986:
5920:
5185:
5137:
5037:
4587:
4281:
4152:
4132:
3989:
3413:
3014:
2881:
2876:
2837:
2803:
2744:
2621:
2616:
2316:
1043:
Trollinger (19.4%), Riesling (18.7%), Lemberger (15.2%), Pinot Meunier (12.8%), Pinot noir (11.6%)
705:
636:
389:
1173:
MĂĽller-Thurgau (15.0%), Pinot blanc (14.1%), Riesling (9.07%), Dornfelder (6.9%), Silvaner (6.7%)
6790:
6783:
6638:
6603:
6490:
6475:
6405:
6383:
6359:
6287:
6221:
6151:
6062:
5981:
5950:
5859:
5836:
5602:
5385:
5175:
4680:
4157:
2842:
2764:
2447:
1854:
1300:). These regions have the following relationship to each other, and to the quality wine regions:
803:
3032:) comes from a larger designation and again doesn't play an important role in the export market.
2442:
2432:
512:
309:. However recently there has been greatly increased demand and darker, richer red wines (often
156:
6744:
6719:
6666:
6613:
6427:
6199:
5991:
5129:
5076:
4660:
4597:
4127:
3957:
3942:
3927:
3912:
3897:
3785:
3745:
3666:
3551:
3456:
3002:
2832:
2697:
2626:
2571:
2536:
2516:
2452:
2407:
2372:
2201:
is an alternative grape to Riesling that growers have been using, and is one of the so-called
2198:
2090:
1675:
695:
621:
576:
492:
476:
206:
or 1,030 square kilometers) of vineyard, which is around one tenth of the vineyard surface in
140:
2774:
2665:
6806:
6754:
6749:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6556:
6521:
6495:
6167:
5971:
5940:
5895:
5890:
5744:
5657:
5622:
5476:
5421:
5294:
5002:
4920:
4847:
4710:
4612:
4232:
4014:
3592:
3046:
2871:
2818:
2798:
2769:
2476:
2293:
2174:
1929:
1778:
1701:
496:
460:
420:
244:
3127:
On wine labels, German wine may be classified according to the residual sugar of the wine.
132:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6646:
6072:
5780:
5739:
5642:
5607:
5506:
5481:
5275:
5096:
5013:
4799:
4627:
4562:
4505:
4468:
4348:
3876:
3821:
3768:
3725:
3707:
3607:
All about The History of the County of Katzenelnbogen and the First Riesling of the World.
3530:
3511:
3324:
2948:
2862:
2631:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2506:
2397:
2382:
2244:
2032:
1979:
1955:
597:
373:
329:
3870:
http://michael-liebert.de/weintipps/schloss-reinhartshausen-lergenmueller-neuer-besitzer/
93:
3428:
3009:
after fermentation, which is one of the most common mis-perceptions about German wines.
6811:
6689:
6676:
6339:
6097:
5790:
5770:
5760:
5692:
5672:
5587:
5542:
5491:
5456:
5411:
5390:
5370:
5170:
5165:
5114:
5068:
4925:
4897:
4872:
4793:
4782:
4777:
4675:
4642:
4458:
4436:
4403:
4379:
4274:
4031:
3329:
3319:
3230:
3117:
2976:
2964:
2847:
2779:
2759:
2754:
2645:
2601:
2566:
2556:
2542:
2511:
2306:
2239:
2008:
1879:
717:
592:
557:
504:
369:
275:
3276:
Weingut LergenmĂĽller Hainfeld (Palatinate), 110 ha; and Schloss Reinhartshausen, 80 ha
1615:
Out of all the grape varieties listed below, only 20 have a significant market share.
716:
B rather than A, which results in higher minimum required maturity of grapes and less
6826:
6052:
5785:
5765:
5723:
5713:
5647:
5617:
5572:
5547:
5527:
5522:
5466:
5451:
5431:
5416:
5395:
5380:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5195:
5104:
4910:
4905:
4582:
4398:
4374:
4218:
4208:
4177:
4099:
3334:
3234:
3131:
refers to dry wine. These wines have less than 9 grams/liter of residual sugar.
3085:
2930:
2911:
2852:
2808:
2561:
2501:
2466:
2387:
2300:
2249:
2206:
1988:
1727:
845:
536:
416:, where he in enthusiastic terms described the steep vineyards on the river Moselle.
365:
295:
287:
264:
231:
282:. Historically many of the wines (other than late harvest wines) were probably dry (
234:. Among enthusiasts, Germany's reputation is primarily based on wines made from the
6437:
6112:
6107:
6082:
6077:
5976:
5930:
5775:
5718:
5682:
5677:
5662:
5652:
5612:
5597:
5552:
5532:
5501:
5446:
5441:
4981:
4572:
4510:
4500:
4453:
3954:
The Finest Wines of Germany: A Regional Guide to the Best Producers and Their Wines
3279:
2941:
2937:
2793:
2531:
2491:
2461:
849:
807:
784:
742:
183:
4730:
1669:
Mosel, Palatinate, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Nahe, Mittelrhein, Hessische BergstraĂźe
587:
system. These laws, introduced in 1971, define the designations still used today.
344:
3472:
3256:, sweetness and so on. The largest vineyard owner is the Hessian State Wineries (
1225:
MĂĽller-Thurgau (14.6%), Riesling (14.2%), Pinot blanc (11.8%), Pinot gris (9.4%)
800:
residual sweetness as the "standard" style, although dry wines are also produced.
324:
Perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of German wines is the high level of
6447:
6161:
5996:
5945:
5667:
5637:
5567:
5562:
5486:
5461:
5436:
5426:
5299:
5250:
5213:
5007:
4862:
4852:
4750:
4632:
4515:
4446:
4305:
4237:
4089:
4019:
3568:
3091:
3067:
2926:
2910:
In the Mosel region, such as here close to the village of Zell, vines are often
2906:
2692:
2412:
2282:
2221:
1560:
750:
661:
584:
572:
484:
464:
456:
376:
on the other side of Rhine. What is generally considered Germany's oldest city,
361:
306:
291:
149:
35:
3814:
3155:
There are also several terms to identify the grower and producers of the wine:
635:
and its tributaries, often sheltered by mountains. The rivers have significant
270:
The wines have historically been predominantly white, and the finest made from
6656:
6277:
5687:
5632:
5592:
5582:
5557:
5471:
5203:
5119:
5109:
5060:
4966:
4961:
4946:
4882:
4877:
4842:
4740:
4735:
4695:
4622:
4567:
4557:
4552:
4539:
4495:
4483:
4473:
4431:
4257:
3857:
3344:
3339:
3237:
3029:
3019:
2940:
averaging around 64–99 hl/ha, a high figure in international comparison. Some
2886:
2813:
2788:
2749:
2655:
2402:
2377:
2358:
2348:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2234:
2214:
1904:
1830:
1753:
1621:
Most common grape varieties in Germany (2022 situation, all varieties >1%)
772:
480:
468:
393:
318:
314:
248:
239:
223:
219:
6267:
5915:
5496:
5081:
4971:
4951:
4887:
4867:
4857:
4817:
4755:
4637:
4577:
4478:
3395:
2993:
2857:
2725:
2715:
2687:
2640:
2606:
2486:
2437:
2422:
2254:
2117:
2057:
568:
17:
3988:
652:
298:, which are the leading export markets both in terms of volume and value.
4827:
4822:
4812:
4705:
4685:
4652:
4617:
4547:
4463:
4426:
4338:
4333:
4318:
4104:
4084:
3604:
3113:
3058:
2891:
2672:
2611:
2526:
2334:
2227:
2190:
2082:
1804:
1650:
540:
528:
409:
405:
333:
310:
271:
235:
165:
3946:
380:, was founded as a Roman garrison and is situated directly on the river
6546:
5966:
5910:
5832:
5280:
5086:
4837:
4690:
4665:
4592:
4441:
4328:
4247:
4213:
4094:
3249:
3108:
3076:
2551:
2471:
2417:
2109:
1609:
857:
776:
746:
580:
524:
397:
381:
325:
302:
283:
279:
199:
175:
161:
3649:
Weinverordnung (WeinV 1995), updated until Art. 1 V v. 11.3.2008 I 383
3524:
Wein.de (German Agricultural Society): 13 winegrowing areas in Germany
523:
in Hattenheim. The most grown variety in medieval Germany was however
432:
surviving into the 18th century in some parts of Germany, such as the
5245:
5208:
4832:
4720:
4715:
2827:
2739:
2596:
2311:
875:
709:
211:
3240:
Classé château. Of the ten wineries considered as Germany's best by
243:
slightly more than a third of the total surface. For the red wines,
5801:
3309:
Weingut Friedrich Kiefer Eichstetten am Kaiserstuhl (Baden), 110 ha
182:
and its tributaries, with the oldest plantations going back to the
5905:
5315:
4745:
4700:
4670:
4323:
3261:
3204:
3163:
2992:
1604:
853:
796:
788:
760:
632:
516:
377:
215:
207:
179:
3523:
3172:
refers to a maturing and bottling facility, a bottler or shipper.
2936:
German vintners on average crop their vineyards quite high, with
560:
that made viticulture difficult or impossible in marginal areas.
4297:
4253:
3665:. Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk: Arima publishing. pp. 259–260.
3222:
896:) which are further broken down into collective vineyard sites (
871:
548:
260:
203:
187:
5805:
5319:
5033:
4270:
4251:
4041:
3121:
Botrytis infection is usually lower, ideally completely absent.
1199:
Pinot noir (64.7%), Riesling (8.2%), Pinot Noir Précoce (6.2%)
4037:
3229:
rare in Germany. Hardly any German wineries reach the size of
3039:
2968:
699:
332:
in a northerly climate and by the selection of grapes such as
29:
5926:
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
5029:
1695:
Rheinhessen, Baden, Franconia, Mosel, Saale-Unstrut, Sachsen
3981:
3879:
Weingut Lergenmüller – new owner of Schloss Reinhartshausen.
3744:, Third Edition, pp. 630-631, Oxford University Press 2006,
3233:
companies, and only a few are of the same size as a typical
1292:), three of which are divided into two or three subregions (
396:
finds that may indicate early German viticulture are curved
3272:
By April 2014, the ten largest German wine producers were:
1721:
Baden, Palatinate, Rheinhessen, WĂĽrttemberg, Rheingau, Ahr
1251:
Riesling (66.2%), Pinot noir (9.4%), MĂĽller-Thurgau (5.1%)
198:) for quality wine are situated. Germany has about 103,000
3805:(Organic wine is booming stronger) retrieved 15 June 2020.
3455:
Third Edition, pp. 304-308, Oxford University Press 2006,
3162:
refers to a winegrowing and wine-producing estate, rather
1644:
Major regions (with large plantations or high proportion)
1095:
MĂĽller-Thurgau (26.4%), Silvaner (24.1%), Bacchus (12.1%)
691:
There are 13 defined regions ("Anbaugebiete") in Germany:
3391:
Roll out the riesling, German wines are making a comeback
1277:
Riesling (43.8%), Pinot gris (10.8%), Pinot noir (10.2%)
1069:
Riesling (61.3%), MĂĽller-Thurgau (11.6%), Elbling (5.6%)
900:) of which there are 167. The individual vineyard sites (
218:. The total wine production is usually around 10 million
3858:
List of wineries indicating the biggest German producers
3780:
Walter Hillebrand, Heinz Lott & Franz Pfaff (2003).
3188:
refers to a grower/producer wine that is estate bottled.
842:
lies in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, not in Hesse.
226:
accounts for almost two thirds of the total production.
4266:
3771:
subtle, shapely & stylish, retrieved 9 August 2018.
3719:
German Wine Institute: German Wine Statistics 2006–2007
3701:
German Wine Institute: German Wine Statistics 2005–2006
3689:
German Wine Institute: German Wine Statistics 2023–2024
3378:
German Wine Institute, German Wine Statistics 2019–2020
795:. The Mosel region is dominated by Riesling grapes and
3894:
Wine Snobbery: An Insiders Guide to the Booze Business
3285:
Weingut Heinz Pfaffmann, Walsheim (Palatinate), 150 ha
3244:
in 2007, nine had 10,2 — 19 ha of vineyards, and one (
3140:
wines are slightly more sweet than halbtrocken wines.
759:(Hessian Mountain Road) – a small region in the state
4003:
3288:
Hessische StaatsweingĂĽter Eltville (Rheingau), 140 ha
2706:
2339:
631:
The wines are all produced around rivers, mainly the
336:, which retain acidity even at high ripeness levels.
3904:. Chapter 8 on history of sweetness in German wines.
6637:
6508:
6382:
6254:
6181:
6144:
6123:
6005:
5959:
5883:
5852:
5843:
5753:
5732:
5706:
5515:
5404:
5353:
5238:
5222:
5194:
5146:
5128:
5095:
5067:
4934:
4896:
4791:
4768:
4651:
4538:
4526:
4419:
4347:
4304:
4204:
Verband Deutscher Prädikats- und Qualitätsweingüter
4196:
4118:
4075:
3615:
3613:
3550:Third Edition, p. 59, Oxford University Press 2006
2231:
earthy and rustic but also food-friendly character.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3373:
3371:
3369:
3297:Staatlicher Hofkeller WĂĽrzburg (Franconia), 120 ha
519:and from 1470 in Rheingau, where the monks kept a
2997:A German wine bottle, designed for Rheingau wine
860:, and Germany's northernmost winegrowing region.
3300:Weingut Anselmann Edesheim (Palatinate), 115 ha
3451:Entry on "German History" in J. Robinson (ed)
3380:(PDF-file; 700 kB). Retrieved 9 May 2022.
712:, and the only German wine region situated in
604:high tariff barriers for all other producers.
5817:
5331:
5045:
4282:
4053:
3684:
3682:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3203:The German wine scene consists of many small
8:
3834:Wein-Plus Glossar: Hessische StaatsweingĂĽter
1898:Rheinhessen, Palatinate, Mosel, WĂĽrttemberg
745:river, and the only wine region situated in
615:effects of climate change on wine production
5936:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
3505:German Wine Institute: Wine growing regions
3294:Bischöfliche Weingüter Trier (Mosel), 95 ha
1824:Rheinhessen, Franconia, Saale-Unstrut, Ahr
6514:
6388:
6260:
6187:
5849:
5824:
5810:
5802:
5338:
5324:
5316:
5052:
5038:
5030:
4535:
4289:
4275:
4267:
4248:
4060:
4046:
4038:
3860:, germanwines.de, retrieved 14 April 2015.
3784:, 13th edition. Mainz: Fachverlag Fraund.
914:
3651:, § 1 for Tafelwein and § 2 for Landwein.
3416:, 5 September 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
3050:, recently (August 1, 2007) renamed from
2947:Many wines in Germany are produced using
563:An important event took place in 1775 at
368:times, to sometime from 70 to 270 CE/AD (
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3399:, 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
3291:Markgraf von Baden Salem (Baden), 140 ha
2905:
2163:
1617:
1302:
651:
447:mentions red German wine around AD 570.
343:
313:-aged) are produced from grapes such as
274:. Many wines have been sweet and low in
186:era. Approximately 60 percent of German
155:
139:
131:
5230:Clarification and stabilization of wine
4010:
3663:Rheingold – The German wine renaissance
3365:
1288:There are seven regions for Tafelwein (
938:
317:and Spätburgunder, the German name for
3621:"2017 / 2018 Deutscher Wein Statistik"
3605:http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/
2868:
2824:
2785:
2736:
2723:
2637:
2548:
2458:
2369:
2356:
1786:Pinot blanc, WeiĂźer Burgunder, Klevner
3569:"Your 2022 guide to Baden Wine Route"
3424:
3422:
3036:Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete
2933:have played a great role in Germany.
1735:Pinot gris, Grauer Burgunder Ruländer
1296:) each, and 21 regions for Landwein (
1147:Riesling (78.3%), Pinot noir (12.3%)
892:) are broken down into 39 districts (
660:in the characteristic round bottles (
364:in present-day Germany dates back to
174:is primarily produced in the west of
7:
3410:How German Wine Found Its Sweet Spot
3150:Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3630:. Deutsches Weininstitut GmbH. 2017
2979:, may be added after fermentation.
626:Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute
471:, the ground of which later became
423:, the forerunner of the cultivated
328:in them, caused both by the lesser
1589:, outside the quality wine regions
1563:, outside the quality wine regions
783:) and its tributaries, the rivers
25:
4314:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
2708:
2341:
1624:
1315:Corresponding quality wine region
698:– a small region along the river
583:in 1787, laid the ground for the
348:Vine trellising according to the
5293:
5001:
4231:
4025:
4013:
3848:, accessed on December 16, 2007.
3836:, accessed on December 16, 2007.
3824:, accessed on December 16, 2007.
3595:, accessed on December 16, 2007.
3514:, accessed on February 17, 2008.
3495:, accessed on February 17, 2008.
3479:, accessed on February 17, 2008.
2724:
2714:
2357:
2347:
714:European Union wine growing zone
34:
6028:German revolutions of 1848–1849
5997:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
3846:Wein-Plus Glossar: BĂĽrklin-Wolf
3304:BĂĽrgerspital zum Heiligen Geist
3194:refers to a bottler or shipper.
1747:Rheinhessen, Palatinate, Mosel
848:– one of two regions in former
463:(reigning 1089–1109) founded a
45:needs additional citations for
6013:Early modern period, 1500–1800
5901:List of early Germanic peoples
3742:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
3548:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
3453:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
2735:
2368:
2213:Grauer Burgunder or Ruländer (
2160:Grape variety trends over time
2134:
2106:
2079:
2054:
2029:
2005:
1976:
1952:
1926:
1901:
1876:
1851:
1827:
1801:
1775:
1772:Rheinhessen, Palatinate, Nahe
1750:
1724:
1698:
1672:
1647:
1284:Tafelwein and Landwein regions
791:, and was previously known as
1:
6136:History of Germany since 1990
5256:Glossary of viticulture terms
2914:on individual wooden stakes,
2710:
2343:
1873:Palatinate, Rheinhessen, Ahr
1465:Bayerischer Bodensee-Landwein
194:, where 6 of the 13 regions (
5261:Glossary of winemaking terms
3803:Bio-Wein boomt immer stärker
3306:WĂĽrzburg (Franconia), 110 ha
3282:, WĂĽrzburg (Franken), 170 ha
2720:
2353:
1290:Weinbaugebiete fĂĽr Tafelwein
451:From Medieval times to today
190:is produced in the state of
3952:Reinhardt, Stephan (2012).
3937:Langenbach, Alfred (1962).
3815:Weinguide.de: Unsere Besten
3429:The wine regions of Germany
2147:
2144:
2124:
2121:
2097:
2094:
2069:
2066:
2044:
2041:
2020:
2017:
1995:
1992:
1967:
1964:
1942:
1939:
1916:
1913:
1891:
1888:
1866:
1863:
1842:
1839:
1817:
1814:
1791:
1788:
1765:
1762:
1740:
1737:
1714:
1711:
1688:
1685:
1662:
1659:
687:List of German wine regions
6864:
6043:North German Confederation
6023:Confederation of the Rhine
5181:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
3052:Qualitätswein mit Prädikat
2989:German wine classification
2986:
2967:is allowed only up to the
2326:
1322:
684:
160:Steep vineyards along the
6777:
6517:
6391:
6263:
6190:
5289:
5271:History of the wine press
5161:Sparkling wine production
4995:
4264:
4227:
3990:"Germany, Wines of"
3922:Hallgarten, S.F. (1981).
3782:Taschenbuch der Rebsorten
3260:), owned by the state of
3258:Hessische StaatsweingĂĽter
2709:
2342:
1620:
1498:
1495:
1486:
1470:
1467:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1325:
6195:Administrative divisions
5266:Wine tasting descriptors
4987:Wine tasting descriptors
4916:Phenolic content in wine
4808:Alternative wine closure
4392:Great French Wine Blight
3978:by German Wine Institute
3593:Wein-Plus Glossar: Pfalz
2713:
2346:
2333:According to the German
2181:Common white wine grapes
1534:Mitteldeutscher Landwein
1427:Saarländischer Landwein
247:, the domestic name for
5156:Malolactic fermentation
3996:The American Cyclopædia
3907:Brook, Stephen (2006).
3268:Largest German wineries
2354:permitted white grapes
2329:List of grape varieties
531:also being common, and
164:, close to the village
136:The German wine regions
6843:Agriculture in Germany
6456:Science and technology
6157:History of Brandenburg
6048:Unification of Germany
6038:Frankfurt Constitution
5538:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3987:Weyman, C. S. (1879).
3939:German Wines and Vines
3350:Agriculture in Germany
3242:Gault Millau Weinguide
3215:winemaking cooperative
3180:winemaking cooperative
2998:
2919:
2902:Viticultural practices
2261:Common red wine grapes
2169:
1587:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1580:Mecklenburger Landwein
1554:Brandenburger Landwein
1482:Schwäbischer Landwein
1457:Regensburger Landwein
1397:Starkenburger Landwein
763:dominated by Riesling.
665:
467:abbey on slopes above
353:
168:
153:
137:
27:Wine making in Germany
6093:Flight and expulsions
4957:Wine and food pairing
3982:German Wine Institute
3892:Barr, Andrew (1988).
3740:in J. Robinson (ed),
3148:In recent years, the
2996:
2929:) as measured by the
2909:
2721:permitted red grapes
2167:
1507:Taubertäler Landwein
939:Most grown varieties
741:– around portions of
655:
608:Geography and climate
543:also being recorded.
390:eponymous wine region
347:
159:
143:
135:
6765:World Heritage Sites
6443:German states by GDP
6033:German Confederation
4608:Muscat of Alexandria
4143:Hessische BergstraĂźe
4110:Trockenbeerenauslese
3909:The Wines of Germany
3546:in J. Robinson (ed)
3231:New World winemaking
3219:Winzergenossenschaft
3176:Winzergenossenschaft
3100:Trockenbeerenauslese
2960:Winemaking practices
2916:Einzelpfahlerziehung
1518:Sächsischer Landwein
1400:Hessische BergstraĂźe
1375:Rheinischer Landwein
1340:Rheinburgen-Landwein
1256:Hessische BergstraĂźe
757:Hessische BergstraĂźe
673:) and country wine (
565:Schloss Johannisberg
473:Schloss Johannisberg
445:Venantius Fortunatus
305:or the red wines of
192:Rhineland-Palatinate
54:improve this article
6401:Automobile industry
5987:Carolingian dynasty
5921:History of the Huns
5186:Yeast in winemaking
5138:Carbonic maceration
3661:Bird, Owen (2005).
3573:www.winetourism.com
3490:Wein-Plus Glossar:
3473:Wein-Plus Glossar:
3414:The Washington Post
3246:Weingut Robert Weil
3015:Deutscher Tafelwein
2323:Permitted varieties
2220:Weisser Burgunder (
1798:- bgcolor="FFA07A"
1603:Overall nearly 135
1432:Landwein der Ruwer
1353:Rheingauer Landwein
1309:Tafelwein subregion
921:Vineyard area (ha)
806:– around the river
681:German wine regions
479:donated land above
144:Steep vineyards on
6471:Telecommunications
6152:History of Prussia
6068:Revolution of 1918
6063:War guilt question
5982:Carolingian Empire
5951:Sack of Rome (410)
5860:History of Germany
5176:Traditional method
4977:Wine personalities
4681:Cabernet Sauvignon
3976:German Wine Manual
3875:2013-04-20 at the
3820:2007-12-14 at the
3767:2017-04-29 at the
3724:2011-07-18 at the
3706:2011-07-18 at the
3529:2007-10-29 at the
3510:2008-02-07 at the
3199:Industry structure
3026:Deutscher Landwein
2999:
2920:
2765:Cabernet Sauvignon
2448:Gelber Muskateller
2170:
1855:Blauer Portugieser
1493:Badischer Landwein
1422:Landwein der Saar
1411:Landwein der Mosel
1364:Nahegauer Landwein
888:These 13 regions (
775:– along the river
725:Kaiserstuhl region
666:
455:Before the era of
430:trellising systems
354:
350:Pfälzer Kammertbau
251:, is in the lead.
178:, along the river
169:
154:
138:
6820:
6819:
6773:
6772:
6504:
6503:
6418:Chemical Triangle
6378:
6377:
6365:Political parties
6313:Foreign relations
6250:
6249:
6177:
6176:
6088:Allied occupation
5992:Holy Roman Empire
5799:
5798:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5077:Late harvest wine
5027:
5026:
4764:
4763:
4661:Alicante Bouschet
4409:Judgment of Paris
4245:
4244:
3003:German wine label
2899:
2898:
2833:Muskat-Trollinger
2732:
2731:
2705:
2704:
2627:Roter Muskateller
2408:Ehrenbreitsteiner
2365:
2364:
2299:Schwarzriesling (
2195:tends to be poor.
2157:
2156:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1564:
1329:Ahrtaler Landwein
1281:
1280:
936:Individual sites
933:Collective sites
852:along the rivers
729:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
656:German wine from
553:Thirty Years' War
477:Adalbert of Mainz
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6855:
6800:
6793:
6786:
6750:Prussian virtues
6515:
6423:Economic history
6389:
6283:
6261:
6212:Cities and towns
6188:
6168:Baden Revolution
5972:Treaty of Verdun
5941:Marcomannic Wars
5896:Migration Period
5891:Germanic peoples
5875:Military history
5850:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5803:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5317:
5298:
5297:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5031:
5006:
5005:
4921:Proteins in wine
4588:GrĂĽner Veltliner
4536:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4268:
4249:
4236:
4235:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4000:
3992:
3880:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3812:
3806:
3799:
3793:
3778:
3772:
3759:
3753:
3734:
3728:
3716:
3710:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3625:
3617:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3496:
3492:Kloster Eberbach
3487:
3481:
3470:
3464:
3449:
3432:
3426:
3417:
3406:
3400:
3387:
3381:
3375:
2728:
2718:
2711:
2707:
2693:WeiĂźer Burgunder
2669:
2361:
2351:
2344:
2340:
1618:
1585:In the state of
1584:
1559:In the state of
1558:
1386:Pfälzer Landwein
1306:Tafelwein region
1303:
915:
912:Data from 2016.
904:) number 2,658.
874:in the state of
793:Mosel-Saar-Ruwer
521:Clebroit-Wyngart
497:Kloster Eberbach
487:, sent out from
475:. His successor
461:Ruthard of Mainz
148:overlooking the
146:RĂĽdesheimer Berg
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6848:Wine by country
6823:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6803:
6796:
6789:
6782:
6769:
6633:
6584:Life expectancy
6500:
6374:
6345:Law enforcement
6281:
6246:
6173:
6140:
6119:
6103:Divided Germany
6073:Weimar Republic
6001:
5967:Frankish Empire
5955:
5879:
5845:
5839:
5830:
5800:
5795:
5749:
5728:
5702:
5628:North Macedonia
5511:
5400:
5349:
5347:Wine by country
5344:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5300:Wine portal
5292:
5285:
5276:History of wine
5234:
5218:
5190:
5142:
5124:
5105:Deacidification
5091:
5063:
5058:
5028:
5023:
5008:Wine portal
5000:
4991:
4930:
4892:
4797:
4787:
4760:
4647:
4628:Sauvignon blanc
4563:Cayetana blanca
4531:
4529:grape varieties
4522:
4415:
4343:
4300:
4295:
4260:
4246:
4241:
4238:Wine portal
4230:
4223:
4192:
4114:
4071:
4066:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4012:
4004:
3986:
3972:
3967:
3941:. Vista Books.
3888:
3886:General sources
3883:
3877:Wayback Machine
3868:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3822:Wayback Machine
3813:
3809:
3801:Thomas Brandl,
3800:
3796:
3779:
3775:
3769:Wayback Machine
3760:
3756:
3735:
3731:
3726:Wayback Machine
3717:
3713:
3708:Wayback Machine
3699:
3695:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3628:germanwines.de/
3623:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3541:
3537:
3531:Wayback Machine
3522:
3518:
3512:Wayback Machine
3503:
3499:
3488:
3484:
3471:
3467:
3450:
3435:
3427:
3420:
3407:
3403:
3389:Andrew Ellson,
3388:
3384:
3376:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3325:Flurbereinigung
3316:
3270:
3201:
2991:
2985:
2971:level, not for
2962:
2949:organic farming
2904:
2863:Schwarzriesling
2663:
2632:Sauvignon blanc
2582:Perle von Csaba
2443:FrĂĽher Malingre
2393:Blauer Silvaner
2383:Auxerrois blanc
2331:
2325:
2269:Spätburgunder (
2263:
2245:Sauvignon blanc
2183:
2162:
1980:Schwarzriesling
1956:Sauvignon blanc
1812:GrĂĽner Silvaner
1638:Area (hectares)
1601:
1599:Grape varieties
1572:Stargarder Land
1312:Landwein region
1298:Landweingebiete
1286:
910:
689:
683:
650:
610:
598:Hesse Darmstadt
511:, from 1335 in
507:under the name
453:
374:Germanic tribes
359:
342:
257:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6861:
6859:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6838:German cuisine
6835:
6825:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6802:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6681:Cultural icons
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6461:Stock exchange
6458:
6453:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6403:
6398:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6191:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6154:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6100:
6098:Denazification
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5870:Historiography
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5806:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5698:United Kingdom
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5558:Czech Republic
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5166:Sugars in wine
5163:
5158:
5152:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5115:Chaptalization
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4942:Classification
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4926:Sugars in wine
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4898:Wine chemistry
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4873:Wine dispenser
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4676:Cabernet Franc
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4643:Welschriesling
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4598:MĂĽller-Thurgau
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4533:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Ancient Greece
4362:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4077:Classification
4073:
4072:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4035:
4034:
4022:
4002:
4001:
3984:
3979:
3971:
3970:External links
3968:
3966:
3965:
3962:978-0520273221
3950:
3935:
3920:
3917:978-1840007916
3905:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3807:
3794:
3773:
3754:
3729:
3711:
3693:
3678:
3671:
3653:
3641:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3560:
3535:
3516:
3497:
3482:
3465:
3433:
3418:
3408:Jason Wilson,
3401:
3382:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Old World wine
3327:
3322:
3320:German cuisine
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3269:
3266:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3173:
3167:
3166:than industry.
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3105:
3096:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3043:
3033:
3023:
2987:Main article:
2984:
2983:Classification
2981:
2965:Chaptalization
2961:
2958:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Cabernet Mitos
2757:
2755:Cabernet Dorsa
2752:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Reichensteiner
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2543:Muskat-Ottonel
2540:
2537:MĂĽller-Thurgau
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2453:GewĂĽrztraminer
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2199:MĂĽller-Thurgau
2196:
2182:
2179:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:GewĂĽrztraminer
2088:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:MĂĽller-Thurgau
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:Number on map
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
941:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
909:
908:Sorted by size
906:
886:
885:
879:
861:
843:
836:
825:
811:
801:
770:
764:
754:
732:
721:
718:chaptalisation
703:
682:
679:
649:
646:
622:MĂĽller-Thurgau
609:
606:
558:Little Ice Age
505:Lake Constance
495:, who founded
452:
449:
425:Vitis vinifera
370:Agri Decumates
358:
355:
341:
338:
256:
253:
128:
127:
110:September 2023
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6860:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6624:Social issues
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:Ethnic groups
6550:
6549:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:Reunification
6129:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6053:German Empire
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5827:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5813:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:South America
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5724:United States
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:North America
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Liechtenstein
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5055:
5050:
5048:
5043:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:Acids in wine
4909:
4907:
4906:Aroma of wine
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4770:Major regions
4767:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Montepulciano
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4226:
4220:
4219:Liebfraumilch
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4209:Oechsle scale
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4178:Saale-Unstrut
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:Beerenauslese
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:0-9507410-0-0
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:0-571-15060-8
3899:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3790:3-921156-53-X
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3750:0-19-860990-6
3747:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3672:1-84549-079-7
3668:
3664:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3629:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3556:0-19-860990-6
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3461:0-19-860990-6
3458:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:Austrian wine
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:GutsabfĂĽllung
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3086:Beerenauslese
3083:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3047:Prädikatswein
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:Prädikatswein
2970:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2931:Oechsle scale
2928:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Tauberschwarz
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Spätburgunder
2870:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Helfensteiner
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2799:FrĂĽhburgunder
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Roter Gutedel
2620:
2618:
2617:Roter Elbling
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:Mariensteiner
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Grauburgunder
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:Pinot Meunier
2298:
2295:
2294:Blaufränkisch
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:Liebfraumilch
2204:
2203:new crossings
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1990:
1989:Pinot Meunier
1986:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1937:Blaufränkisch
1936:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:WeiĂźburgunder
1776:
1771:
1768:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Grauburgunder
1725:
1720:
1717:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:Spätburgunder
1699:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Niederlausitz
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:Saale-Unstrut
1536:
1533:
1531:
1529:Saale-Unstrut
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:Albrechtsburg
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1443:Landwein Main
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:Saale-Unstrut
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
907:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Saale-Unstrut
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:
823:
819:
815:
812:
809:
805:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
755:
753:bottle shape.
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
730:
726:
722:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
693:
692:
688:
680:
678:
676:
672:
663:
659:
654:
647:
645:
641:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
618:
617:are growing.
616:
613:line and the
607:
605:
601:
599:
594:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
554:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:archeological
392:. The oldest
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Ancient Roman
363:
357:Early history
356:
351:
346:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
296:Great Britain
293:
289:
288:United States
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
265:Liebfraumilch
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
245:Spätburgunder
241:
237:
233:
232:Liebfraumilch
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
167:
163:
158:
151:
147:
142:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
69:"German wine"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6798:Bibliography
6672:Coat of arms
6652:Architecture
6629:Trade unions
6609:Prostitution
6569:Homelessness
6532:Demographics
6481:Trade unions
6448:
6438:German model
6411:Central bank
6355:Conservatism
6318:Human rights
6303:Court system
6298:Constitution
6278:
6124:Contemporary
6113:West Germany
6108:East Germany
6083:World War II
6078:Nazi Germany
6018:18th-century
5977:East Francia
5931:Cimbrian War
5577:
5386:South Africa
5291:
5148:Fermentation
4999:
4982:Wine tasting
4603:Muscat blanc
4573:Chenin blanc
4370:Ancient Rome
4229:
4068:
3994:
3953:
3938:
3924:German Wines
3923:
3908:
3893:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3810:
3797:
3781:
3776:
3757:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3714:
3696:
3662:
3656:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3627:
3600:
3588:
3577:. Retrieved
3575:. 2022-09-02
3572:
3563:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3519:
3500:
3491:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3452:
3404:
3394:
3385:
3280:Juliusspital
3271:
3257:
3253:
3241:
3227:
3218:
3213:grapes to a
3209:
3202:
3191:
3185:
3178:refers to a
3175:
3170:Weinkellerei
3169:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3107:
3098:
3090:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3035:
3030:country wine
3025:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2972:
2963:
2946:
2935:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2794:Dunkelfelder
2532:Morio-Muskat
2492:Irsay Oliver
2462:Goldriesling
2332:
2264:
2202:
2189:
2184:
2171:
2136:
2076:Rheinhessen
2002:WĂĽrttemberg
1987:MĂĽllerrebe,
1949:WĂĽrttemberg
1923:WĂĽrttemberg
1614:
1602:
1297:
1294:Untergebiete
1293:
1289:
1287:
911:
901:
897:
893:
890:Anbaugebiete
889:
887:
867:
850:East Germany
831:
821:
817:
792:
780:
738:
690:
674:
670:
667:
642:
637:microclimate
630:
619:
611:
602:
589:
577:late harvest
562:
545:
520:
508:
501:
454:
442:
433:
424:
418:
413:
385:
360:
349:
323:
300:
278:, light and
269:
258:
228:
196:Anbaugebiete
195:
171:
170:
145:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:German wines
6833:German wine
6599:Pornography
6574:Immigration
6537:Drug policy
6449:Mittelstand
6396:Agriculture
6360:Nationalism
6333:Transgender
6217:Earthquakes
6164:, 1583-1588
6162:Cologne War
6058:World War I
5960:Middle Ages
5946:Gothic Wars
5745:New Zealand
5688:Switzerland
5633:Netherlands
5482:Philippines
5251:Wine bottle
5223:Other steps
5214:Wine cellar
5171:SĂĽssreserve
4863:Wine cellar
4853:Wine bottle
4794:accessories
4792:Packaging,
4751:Tempranillo
4380:Noah's wine
4360:Phoenicians
4306:Viticulture
4188:WĂĽrttemberg
4173:Rheinhessen
4148:Mittelrhein
4069:German wine
3475:Pinot noir'
3248:, owned by
3133:Halbtrocken
2977:SĂĽssreserve
2927:must weight
2877:St. Laurent
2843:Portugieser
2664: [
2646:Schönburger
2413:Ehrenfelser
2317:St. Laurent
2292:Lemberger (
2283:Portugieser
2222:Pinot blanc
2137:Grand total
1561:Brandenburg
1468:WĂĽrttemberg
1378:Rheinhessen
1344:Mittelrhein
1323:Rhein-Mosel
1230:Mittelrhein
1022:WĂĽrttemberg
944:Rheinhessen
902:Einzellagen
882:WĂĽrttemberg
839:Rheinhessen
767:Mittelrhein
751:Bocksbeutel
662:Bocksbeutel
593:secularized
485:Cistercians
483:in 1135 to
465:Benedictine
457:Charlemagne
362:Viticulture
292:Netherlands
255:Wine styles
220:hectoliters
172:German wine
150:river Rhine
6827:Categories
6760:Television
6745:Philosophy
6720:Literature
6579:Irreligion
6564:Healthcare
6527:Corruption
6293:Chancellor
6282:(military)
6279:Bundeswehr
5658:San Marino
5623:Montenegro
5608:Luxembourg
5462:Kazakhstan
5422:Azerbaijan
5130:Maceration
5120:Wine press
5110:Destemming
5061:Winemaking
4967:Wine fraud
4962:Wine fault
4947:Oenophilia
4883:Wine label
4878:Wine glass
4843:Port tongs
4741:Sangiovese
4736:Pinot noir
4696:Douce noir
4623:Rkatsiteli
4568:Chardonnay
4558:Catarratto
4532:by acreage
4506:Biodynamic
4469:Aromatized
4258:winemaking
4163:Palatinate
3738:"Silvaner"
3579:2022-11-04
3356:References
3345:Winemaking
3340:Swiss wine
3081:selection.
3072:selection.
3063:selection.
3020:table wine
2953:biodynamic
2887:Trollinger
2814:Heroldrebe
2789:Dornfelder
2750:Blauburger
2656:Siegerrebe
2497:Johanniter
2403:Chardonnay
2378:Arnsburger
2327:See also:
2288:Trollinger
2277:Dornfelder
2271:Pinot noir
2235:Chardonnay
2215:Pinot gris
2101:increasing
2073:increasing
2051:Franconia
2048:decreasing
1999:decreasing
1971:increasing
1946:increasing
1905:Trollinger
1895:decreasing
1870:decreasing
1846:increasing
1831:Chardonnay
1821:decreasing
1795:increasing
1769:decreasing
1754:Dornfelder
1744:increasing
1709:Pinot noir
1692:decreasing
1666:increasing
1632:Synonym(s)
1389:Palatinate
970:Palatinate
930:Districts
822:Rheinpfalz
814:Palatinate
685:See also:
575:, meaning
537:Räuschling
481:Hattenheim
469:Geisenheim
438:Palatinate
434:Kammertbau
319:Pinot noir
315:Dornfelder
249:Pinot noir
224:White wine
80:newspapers
6715:Libraries
6695:Festivals
6542:Education
6486:Transport
6451:companies
6370:President
6308:Elections
6273:Bundesrat
6268:Bundestag
6237:Mountains
6205:Districts
6183:Geography
5916:Visigoths
5853:Overviews
5761:Argentina
5740:Australia
5477:Palestine
5082:Noble rot
4972:Winemaker
4952:Sommelier
4888:Wine rack
4868:Wine cork
4858:Wine cave
4848:Screw cap
4818:Corkscrew
4783:New World
4778:Old World
4756:Zinfandel
4731:Mourvèdre
4638:Trebbiano
4578:Colombard
4479:Noble rot
4459:Fortified
4437:Sparkling
4404:New World
4138:Franconia
3736:Entry on
3542:Entry on
3396:The Times
3361:Citations
3238:Grand Cru
2942:crossings
2858:Rotberger
2819:Lemberger
2688:Veltliner
2641:Scheurebe
2607:Rieslaner
2592:Prinzipal
2539:(Rivaner)
2487:Huxelrebe
2438:Freisamer
2433:Fontanara
2423:Faberrebe
2373:Albalonga
2255:Scheurebe
2175:crossings
2118:Chasselas
2058:Scheurebe
1930:Lemberger
1504:Burgengau
1487:Oberrhein
1446:Franconia
1074:Franconia
898:GroĂźlagen
735:Franconia
671:Tafelwein
569:noble rot
513:Affenthal
493:Champagne
489:Clairvaux
421:wild vine
388:) in the
202:(252,000
6807:Category
6725:Internet
6710:Language
6700:Folklore
6619:Religion
6594:Pensions
6589:Naturism
6466:Taxation
6350:Lobbying
6323:Intersex
6256:Politics
5865:Timeline
5844:General
5837:articles
5781:Paraguay
5673:Slovenia
5668:Slovakia
5643:Portugal
5543:Bulgaria
5497:Thailand
5412:Abkhazia
5391:Tanzania
5371:Ethiopia
5097:Pressing
5019:Glossary
4935:Industry
4828:Jug wine
4823:Decanter
4813:Box wine
4711:Isabella
4706:Grenache
4686:Carignan
4633:SĂ©millon
4618:Riesling
4613:Palomino
4356:Ancient
4339:Vineyard
4334:Veraison
4319:Oenology
4168:Rheingau
4090:Spätlese
4085:Kabinett
3873:Archived
3818:Archived
3765:Archived
3762:Silvaner
3722:Archived
3704:Archived
3527:Archived
3508:Archived
3314:See also
3254:Prädikat
3235:Bordeaux
3217:(called
3210:Gasthaus
3192:AbfĂĽller
3142:Lieblich
3138:Feinherb
3114:ice wine
3092:Botrytis
3068:Spätlese
3059:Kabinett
3028:(German
3018:(German
2892:Zweigelt
2673:Silvaner
2651:Septimer
2612:Riesling
2572:Osteiner
2527:Merzling
2517:Kernling
2477:Hibernal
2428:Findling
2335:wine law
2228:Silvaner
2210:Rivaner.
2191:Riesling
2151:constant
2128:constant
2083:Traminer
2024:constant
1920:constant
1805:Silvaner
1718:constant
1651:Riesling
1635:Area (%)
1490:Römertor
1408:Moseltal
1356:Rheingau
1126:Rheingau
924:% White
894:Bereiche
832:Prädikat
828:Rheingau
675:Landwein
585:Prädikat
573:Spätlese
541:Traminer
529:Silvaner
509:Klebroth
410:Bordeaux
406:Ausonius
334:Riesling
330:ripeness
311:barrique
272:Riesling
236:Riesling
200:hectares
6784:Outline
6690:Fashion
6677:Cuisine
6639:Culture
6604:Poverty
6547:Germans
6510:Society
6491:Welfare
6476:Tourism
6433:Exports
6406:Banking
6384:Economy
6288:Cabinet
6227:Islands
6222:Geology
6145:Regions
5911:Teutons
5884:Ancient
5846:History
5833:Germany
5791:Uruguay
5766:Bolivia
5733:Oceania
5693:Ukraine
5648:Romania
5618:Moldova
5593:Ireland
5588:Hungary
5578:Germany
5573:Georgia
5563:Denmark
5548:Croatia
5533:Belgium
5528:Austria
5523:Albania
5507:Vietnam
5467:Lebanon
5417:Armenia
5396:Tunisia
5381:Namibia
5376:Morocco
5361:Algeria
5281:Terroir
5239:Related
5087:Vintage
5069:Harvest
5014:Outline
4838:Muselet
4800:storage
4691:Cinsaut
4666:Barbera
4593:Macabeo
4553:Aligoté
4511:Organic
4501:Natural
4454:Dessert
4399:Georgia
4349:History
4329:Terroir
4324:Species
4214:Trocken
4197:Related
4120:Regions
4105:Eiswein
4095:Auslese
4032:Germany
4006:Portals
3947:5530662
3544:"Baden"
3250:Suntory
3160:Weingut
3145:1980s.
3129:Trocken
3118:pressed
3109:Eiswein
3077:Auslese
2912:trained
2775:Deckrot
2683:Staufer
2661:Silcher
2587:Phoenix
2552:Nobling
2507:Kanzler
2472:Gutedel
2418:Elbling
2398:Bronner
2388:Bacchus
2250:Bacchus
2148:103 391
2110:Gutedel
2033:Bacchus
1683:Rivaner
1626:Variety
918:Region
868:Sachsen
858:Unstrut
777:Moselle
747:Bavaria
739:Franken
658:Franken
648:Regions
624:in the
581:Auslese
527:, with
525:Elbling
436:in the
414:Mosella
398:pruning
382:Moselle
340:History
326:acidity
284:trocken
280:unoaked
276:alcohol
176:Germany
162:Moselle
94:scholar
6812:Portal
6667:Cinema
6647:Anthem
6614:Racism
6428:Energy
6242:Rivers
6200:States
6170:, 1848
6006:Modern
5835:
5771:Brazil
5719:Mexico
5714:Canada
5683:Sweden
5663:Serbia
5653:Russia
5638:Poland
5583:Greece
5568:France
5553:Cyprus
5516:Europe
5502:Turkey
5492:Taiwan
5457:Jordan
5447:Israel
5427:Bhutan
5354:Africa
5246:Winery
5209:Solera
4833:Kvevri
4721:Merlot
4716:Malbec
4516:Kosher
4492:Other
4447:Orange
4420:Styles
4387:France
4183:Saxony
3960:
3945:
3930:
3915:
3900:
3788:
3748:
3669:
3554:
3459:
3412:, in:
3393:, in:
2938:yields
2848:Regent
2828:Merlot
2780:Domina
2770:Dakapo
2740:Acolon
2698:WĂĽrzer
2678:Sirius
2597:Regner
2567:Ortega
2557:Optima
2512:Kerner
2482:Hölder
2312:Merlot
2307:Regent
2240:Kerner
2131:Baden
2009:Regent
1880:Kerner
1715:11 512
1689:10 970
1663:24 410
1521:Saxony
1476:Neckar
1462:Lindau
1437:Bayern
1204:Saxony
927:% Red
876:Saxony
864:Saxony
710:Alsace
533:Muscat
412:wrote
402:Probus
307:Alsace
290:, the
212:France
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
6791:Index
6755:Sport
6740:Names
6735:Music
6730:Media
6685:Dance
6557:Women
6522:Crime
6496:Women
6232:Lakes
5906:Goths
5776:Chile
5678:Spain
5613:Malta
5598:Italy
5487:Syria
5472:Nepal
5452:Japan
5437:India
5432:China
5366:Egypt
5196:Aging
4746:Syrah
4701:Gamay
4671:Bobal
4583:Glera
4548:Airén
4540:White
4496:Table
4484:Straw
4474:Fruit
4432:White
4375:China
4254:Wines
4153:Mosel
4133:Baden
3634:9 May
3624:(PDF)
3262:Hesse
3205:craft
3164:craft
2853:Rondo
2838:Palas
2804:Hegel
2745:André
2668:]
2577:Perle
2562:Orion
2502:Juwel
2145:100.0
2125:1 065
2114:white
2098:1 120
2087:white
2070:1 483
2062:white
2045:1 558
2037:white
2021:1 618
1996:1 698
1968:1 923
1960:white
1943:1 929
1917:1 940
1892:2 032
1884:white
1867:2 295
1843:2 731
1835:white
1818:4 419
1809:white
1792:6 181
1783:white
1766:6 812
1741:8 094
1732:white
1680:white
1655:white
1641:Trend
1629:Color
1605:grape
1496:Baden
1454:Donau
1414:Mosel
1326:Rhein
1048:Mosel
1025:11306
999:15812
996:Baden
973:23590
947:26628
854:Saale
835:both.
818:Pfalz
797:slate
789:Ruwer
781:Mosel
773:Mosel
761:Hesse
706:Baden
633:Rhine
517:Baden
386:Mosel
378:Trier
240:sweet
216:Italy
208:Spain
204:acres
184:Roman
180:Rhine
166:Ăśrzig
101:JSTOR
87:books
6705:Flag
6662:Arts
6328:LGBT
5786:Peru
5442:Iran
5405:Asia
4798:and
4527:Top
4442:Rosé
4298:Wine
4256:and
4158:Nahe
4020:Wine
3958:ISBN
3943:OCLC
3928:ISBN
3913:ISBN
3898:ISBN
3786:ISBN
3746:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3636:2022
3552:ISBN
3457:ISBN
3223:Sekt
2108:19.
2081:18.
2056:17.
2031:16.
2007:15.
1978:14.
1954:13.
1928:12.
1903:11.
1878:10.
1712:11.1
1686:10.6
1660:23.6
1610:rosé
1440:Main
1367:Nahe
1129:3125
1103:4205
1100:Nahe
1077:6107
1051:8796
872:Elbe
856:and
808:Nahe
804:Nahe
787:and
785:Saar
743:Main
723:The
549:beer
539:and
419:The
303:rosé
294:and
261:Sekt
188:wine
73:news
6657:Art
6340:Law
5204:Oak
4653:Red
4464:Ice
4427:Red
4128:Ahr
3040:QbA
2969:QbA
2951:or
2122:1.0
2095:1.1
2067:1.4
2042:1.5
2018:1.6
2013:red
1993:1.6
1984:red
1965:1.9
1940:1.9
1934:red
1914:1.9
1909:red
1889:2.0
1864:2.2
1859:red
1853:9.
1840:2.6
1829:8.
1815:4.3
1803:7.
1789:6.0
1777:6.
1763:6.6
1758:red
1752:5.
1738:7.8
1726:4.
1706:red
1700:3.
1674:2.
1649:1.
1540:11
1524:12
1471:13
1381:10
1332:Ahr
1259:461
1248:111
1233:467
1207:499
1181:563
1178:Ahr
1155:765
1144:120
1118:312
1092:211
1066:507
1040:207
1014:315
988:330
962:442
866:or
816:or
737:or
700:Ahr
696:Ahr
515:in
491:in
408:of
214:or
56:by
6829::
3993:.
3956:.
3926:.
3911:.
3896:.
3681:^
3626:.
3612:^
3571:.
3436:^
3421:^
3368:^
2666:de
1612:.
1499:2
1449:3
1417:6
1403:4
1392:8
1370:7
1359:9
1348:5
1335:1
1274:24
1265:21
1262:79
1245:11
1239:15
1236:85
1222:16
1213:18
1210:82
1196:43
1187:83
1184:17
1170:20
1161:25
1158:75
1141:11
1135:15
1132:85
1109:24
1106:76
1089:22
1083:19
1080:81
1063:20
1054:91
1037:20
1031:69
1028:31
1011:15
1005:41
1002:59
985:25
979:36
976:64
959:24
953:29
950:71
535:,
499:.
440:.
321:.
267:.
210:,
5825:e
5818:t
5811:v
5339:e
5332:t
5325:v
5053:e
5046:t
5039:v
4796:,
4290:e
4283:t
4276:v
4061:e
4054:t
4047:v
4008::
3999:.
3964:.
3949:.
3934:.
3919:.
3792:.
3752:.
3691:.
3675:.
3638:.
3582:.
3558:.
3533:.
3463:.
3431:.
3182:.
3112:(
3038:(
2918:.
2303:)
2296:)
2224:)
2217:)
1576:–
1550:–
1515:–
1479:–
1271:3
1268:2
1242:2
1219:4
1216:2
1193:1
1190:1
1167:4
1164:2
1138:1
1115:7
1112:1
1086:3
1060:6
1057:9
1034:6
1008:9
982:2
956:3
878:.
824:.
779:(
731:.
669:(
664:)
384:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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