102:
31:
114:
279:
259:
122:
133:, in the belief that living in the Holy Land would hasten the second coming of Christ. The Templers built a colony in keeping with strict urban planning principles and introduced local industries that brought modernity to Palestine, which had long been neglected by the Ottomans. They were the first to organize regular transportation services between
286:
The affluent German colony stood out in its poor surroundings. The only doctor in the city lived there, and one of the residents was a construction engineer. By the end of the
Ottoman era the colony had 750 inhabitants, 150 houses and dozens of businesses. The colony was the first model of urban
239:, ran a medical station, open for patients of all denominations and religions. In 1907 the congregation built a separate school building, but later the discrepancies between the two German-speaking congregations – Evangelical and Templer – shrank, thus before World War I the schools were pooled.
216:
decided to lend the congregation the money needed to build a prayer hall. Otto
Fischer (1813–1910), a Haifa resident, donated the land at the foot of Mount Carmel, and the Haifa engineer Ernst August Voigt gratuitously drew the constructions plans. In September 1892 the constructions started and
246:
served as the U.S. consular agent for Haifa and northern
Palestine. Due to their population increase and the ongoing urbanisation of Haifa, the colonists searched to buy lands in order to found new settlements. These were to be exclusively monodenominational. Thus the Templers settled in
274:
Registering the land was problematic due to back taxes and local boundary disputes, which sometimes turned violent. The
Templers thus abandoned farming in favor of industry and tourism. They built hotels, opened workshops and established an olive oil soap factory.
287:
planning in
Palestine, with a main street running from north to south (today, Ben-Gurion Boulevard), leading down to the harbor. Smaller streets branched out from the main street. At the southern end of the colony were the Templer vineyards (where the
270:
Employing modern farming methods, the
Templers introduced soil fertilization, better methods of crop rotation and new crops such as potatoes. They imported agricultural machinery and engaged in "mixed farming," combining dairy farming and field crops.
378:
Some of the original
Templer homes have been restored in recent years. Buildings along Ben-Gurion Boulevard have been turned into cafés, boutiques, hotels, and restaurants. One houses the
217:
pastor Carl
Schlicht (Jerusalem) inaugurated the community centre, including a prayer hall and two school rooms, on July 2, 1893. The community center and school buildings became the
161:
382:, and the colony has become a center of Haifa nightlife with pubs and bars being a common sight. Starting in particular during the 1990s, the area witnessed a "growing number of
472:, Karl-Heinz Ronecker (ed.) on behalf of the 'Jerusalem-Stiftung' and 'Jerusalemsverein', Leipzig: Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, 1998, pp. 81–100, here footnote 192 on p. 85.
146:
853:
843:
833:
828:
521:
Ejal Jakob Eisler (איל יעקב אייזלר), "«Kirchler» im
Heiligen Land: Die evangelischen Gemeinden in den württembergischen Siedlungen Palästinas (1886-1914)", In:
176:
525:, Karl-Heinz Ronecker (ed.) on behalf of the 'Jerusalem-Stiftung' and 'Jerusalemsverein', Leipzig: Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, 1998, pp. 81–100, here p. 97.
205:), a Berlin-based Evangelical charitable organisation to subsidize Protestant activities in the Holy Land, decided to support the new Haifa congregation.
739:, Karl-Heinz Ronecker (ed.) on behalf of the 'Jerusalem-Stiftung' and 'Jerusalemsverein', Leipzig: Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, 1998, pp. 81–100.
101:
291:
stands today). The colony was built as a garden city with single-family homes surrounded by gardens and shade trees lining the main boulevard.
848:
129:
The
Templers, a religious Protestant sect formed in southern Germany in the 19th century, settled in Palestine at the urging of their leader,
818:
335:
67:
323:. When Allied forces captured Palestine from the Ottoman Empire, the German colonists were regarded by Allied occupational authorities as
242:
The population fluctuated between 300-400 settlers between 1870 and 1914. Sixty of the colonists were American citizens and their leader,
187:. This created an atmosphere of mistrust and envy among the German colonists in Haifa. On July 17, 1886, the proselytes appealed to the
168:
among the schismatics, making up about a third of the colonists. Thus the Colony became a place of partisans of two different Christian
744:
722:
699:
618:
556:
530:
477:
523:
Dem Erlöser der Welt zur Ehre: Festschrift zum hundertjährigen Jubiläum der Einweihung der evangelischen Erlöserkirche in Jerusalem
774:
694:, 2000, (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg: Reihe B, Forschungen; vol. 77).
813:
586:
735:), "«Kirchler» im Heiligen Land: Die evangelischen Gemeinden in den württembergischen Siedlungen Palästinas (1886–1914)", In:
468:), "«Kirchler» im Heiligen Land: Die evangelischen Gemeinden in den württembergischen Siedlungen Palästinas (1886–1914)", In:
643:
823:
437:
430:
320:
288:
169:
93:
Some of the original buildings are still surviving today, and the area continues to be visited, lived in, and in use.
263:
838:
386:-owned cafés and bars opened to offer spaces for small performances and exhibitions by Palestinian artists."
572:
106:
757:
495:
316:
613:
Nachman Ben-Yehuda 1992 "Political assassinations by Jews: a rhetorical device for justice" SUNY Press
737:
Dem Erlöser der Welt zur Ehre: Festschrift zum hundertjährigen Jubiläum der Erlöserkirche in Jerusalem
470:
Dem Erlöser der Welt zur Ehre: Festschrift zum hundertjährigen Jubiläum der Erlöserkirche in Jerusalem
359:
339:
312:
248:
347:
130:
740:
718:
695:
691:
614:
552:
526:
473:
379:
218:
157:
113:
75:
542:
Land Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1882–1914 Gershon Shafir p. 29
449:
403:
243:
30:
456:, he designed the street and site plan of the colonies in Allonei Abba (then Waldheim) and
728:
706:
679:
461:
55:
47:
717:, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1975, (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins; vol. 3).
197:
431:
Expressions of Cultural Life in Post-1948 Haifa: Toward an Autonomous Palestinian Field
308:
153:
762:
807:
438:
https://www.palquest.org/en/highlight/30052/expressions-cultural-life-post-1948-haifa
304:
17:
590:
383:
343:
234:
184:
27:
Settlement founded by the German Templer community in Palestine in the 19th century
653:
499:
355:
324:
300:
252:
165:
138:
195:
to be accepted as and helped to found an Evangelical congregation. In 1891 the
351:
331:
789:
776:
367:
229:
87:
71:
278:
258:
180:
142:
551:
Ruth Kark, American Consuls Published 1994 Wayne State University Press
350:
and sent, together with Italian and Hungarian citizens in Palestine, to
228:
The teacher Herrmann initiated a choir. From 1900 on, Marie Teckhaus, a
212:
sent and sponsored a teacher for the congregants' children. In 1892 the
121:
648:
83:
70:. It was the first of several colonies established by the group in the
688:
Die Siedlungen der württembergischen Templer in Palästina (1868–1918)
457:
453:
346:
in 1939, all colonists with German citizenship were detained by the
363:
330:
In 1937, 34% of German colonists in Palestine were members of the
277:
257:
134:
120:
112:
100:
79:
63:
179:
proselytes gained major financial and mental support from German
490:
Parasczczuk, Joanna (25 March 2011). "With words, not weapons".
758:
Haifa Tourists Board: The German Colony - Historical Background
225:
sponsored a pastor for the new Haifa Evangelical Congregation.
175:
While in Germany the Templers were regarded as sectarians, the
311:; a large number of German colonists in Palestine joined the
362:. On 31 July 1941, 661 German colonists were deported via
251:
and the Evangelical Protestants founded the neighbouring
633:, International Affairs (London, October 1952), p.466.
105:
Location of the German Colony in Haifa in the 1870's (
162:
Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces
435:
Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question.
715:Geschichte Haifas in der türkischen Zeit 1516-1918
631:The Nazi Party in Palestine and the Levant 1932–39
567:
565:
512:Ruth Kark, American Consuls in the Holy Land.
338:on 12 May 1937, all German colonies flew the
8:
68:Christian German Templer Colony in Palestine
370:by the British, leaving 345 in Palestine.
327:, but were not deported back to Germany.
152:In 1874 the Christian denomination of the
193:State Church of Prussia's older Provinces
29:
609:
607:
395:
315:during the conflict and fought against
221:in 2011. Starting in the same year the
336:coronation of George VI and Elizabeth
7:
834:1868 establishments in Ottoman Syria
829:Populated places established in 1868
425:
423:
172:and their respective congregations.
732:
710:
683:
644:"The nine lives of the Lorenz Cafe"
573:"Tour Haifa - Haifa Tourists Board"
465:
59:
51:
282:Old Templer house in German Colony
25:
652:. 20 January 2008. Archived from
854:Germany–United Kingdom relations
844:Germany–Ottoman Empire relations
266:at the top of the German Colony.
295:Nazi affiliation and expulsion
1:
62:) was established in Ottoman
819:Tourist attractions in Haifa
321:Sinai and Palestine campaign
117:German colony in Haifa, 1875
870:
374:Restoration and modern use
460:. Cf. Ejal Jakob Eisler (
450:Jacob Gottlieb Schumacher
408:www.levantineheritage.com
202:
145:, which also allowed for
74:. Others were founded in
849:Germany–Israel relations
790:32.819667°N 34.9905528°E
448:Voigt collaborated with
342:. After the outbreak of
237:Deaconesses Mother House
203:Association of Jerusalem
160:and later envoys of the
107:PEF Survey of Palestine
814:Neighborhoods of Haifa
299:After the outbreak of
283:
267:
189:Supreme Church Council
126:
125:German colony of Haifa
118:
110:
35:
795:32.819667; 34.9905528
690:(1973), , Stuttgart:
404:"Haifa German colony"
281:
261:
124:
116:
104:
33:
18:German Colony (Haifa)
360:Bethlehem of Galilee
340:flag of Nazi Germany
313:Imperial German Army
249:Bethlehem of Galilee
44:HaMoshava HaGermanit
34:German Colony, Haifa
824:Templer settlements
786: /
727:Ejal Jakob Eisler (
348:British authorities
289:Bahá'í World Centre
262:View down from the
587:"Haifa Foundation"
429:Karkabi, Nadeem. "
284:
268:
131:Christoph Hoffmann
127:
119:
111:
36:
692:Kohlhammer Verlag
452:in measuring the
380:Haifa City Museum
232:sponsored by the
219:Haifa City Museum
16:(Redirected from
861:
839:History of Haifa
801:
800:
798:
797:
796:
791:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
734:
712:
685:
666:
665:
663:
661:
640:
634:
627:
621:
611:
602:
601:
599:
598:
589:. Archived from
583:
577:
576:
569:
560:
559:pp. 245–246, 270
549:
543:
540:
534:
519:
513:
510:
504:
503:
487:
481:
467:
446:
440:
427:
418:
417:
415:
414:
400:
352:internment camps
307:allied with the
244:Jacob Schumacher
223:Jerusalemsverein
214:Jerusalemsverein
210:Jerusalemsverein
204:
198:Jerusalemsverein
183:and Evangelical
61:
53:
21:
869:
868:
864:
863:
862:
860:
859:
858:
804:
803:
794:
792:
788:
785:
780:
777:
775:
773:
772:
754:
733:איל יעקב אייזלר
675:
670:
669:
659:
657:
642:
641:
637:
628:
624:
612:
605:
596:
594:
585:
584:
580:
571:
570:
563:
550:
546:
541:
537:
520:
516:
511:
507:
489:
488:
484:
466:איל יעקב אייזלר
447:
443:
428:
421:
412:
410:
402:
401:
397:
392:
376:
297:
99:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
867:
865:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
806:
805:
770:
769:
760:
753:
752:External links
750:
749:
748:
725:
703:
674:
671:
668:
667:
656:on 6 June 2008
635:
629:H.D. Schmidt,
622:
603:
578:
561:
544:
535:
514:
505:
492:Jerusalem Post
482:
441:
419:
394:
393:
391:
388:
375:
372:
319:forces in the
309:Ottoman Empire
296:
293:
264:Bahá'í Gardens
154:Temple Society
98:
95:
60:الحي الألمانية
52:המושבה הגרמנית
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
866:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
802:
799:
781:34°59′25.99″E
768:
766:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
746:
745:3-374-01706-1
742:
738:
730:
726:
724:
723:3-447-01636-1
720:
716:
708:
705:Alex Carmel (
704:
701:
700:3-17-016788-X
697:
693:
689:
681:
678:Alex Carmel (
677:
676:
672:
655:
651:
650:
645:
639:
636:
632:
626:
623:
620:
619:0-7914-1165-6
616:
610:
608:
604:
593:on 2008-09-28
592:
588:
582:
579:
574:
568:
566:
562:
558:
557:0-8143-2523-8
554:
548:
545:
539:
536:
532:
531:3-374-01706-1
528:
524:
518:
515:
509:
506:
501:
497:
493:
486:
483:
479:
478:3-374-01706-1
475:
471:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
442:
439:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
409:
405:
399:
396:
389:
387:
385:
381:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:. During the
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:German Empire
303:in 1914, the
302:
294:
292:
290:
280:
276:
272:
265:
260:
256:
254:
250:
245:
240:
238:
236:
231:
226:
224:
220:
215:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
190:
186:
185:church bodies
182:
178:
173:
171:
170:denominations
167:
164:successfully
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
147:mail delivery
144:
140:
136:
132:
123:
115:
108:
103:
96:
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:in 1868 as a
65:
57:
49:
45:
41:
40:German Colony
32:
19:
778:32°49′10.8″N
771:
764:
736:
714:
687:
673:Bibliography
658:. Retrieved
654:the original
647:
638:
630:
625:
595:. Retrieved
591:the original
581:
547:
538:
522:
517:
508:
491:
485:
469:
444:
434:
411:. Retrieved
407:
398:
377:
344:World War II
329:
325:enemy aliens
298:
285:
273:
269:
241:
235:Kaiserswerth
233:
227:
222:
213:
209:
207:
196:
192:
188:
174:
166:proselytised
156:underwent a
151:
128:
92:
43:
39:
37:
793: /
384:Palestinian
301:World War I
177:Evangelical
808:Categories
597:2008-08-17
413:2023-12-02
390:References
332:Nazi Party
201:(English:
711:אלכס כרמל
684:אלכס כרמל
500:860862075
368:Australia
230:Deaconess
88:Jerusalem
72:Holy Land
496:ProQuest
356:Waldheim
253:Waldheim
181:Lutheran
143:Nazareth
763:Photo,
660:13 July
649:Haaretz
191:of the
97:History
84:Galilee
743:
729:Hebrew
721:
707:Hebrew
698:
680:Hebrew
617:
555:
529:
498:
476:
462:Hebrew
458:Hadera
454:Hauran
317:Allied
158:schism
76:Sarona
56:Arabic
48:Hebrew
765:circa
364:Egypt
135:Jaffa
80:Jaffa
78:near
64:Haifa
767:1898
741:ISBN
719:ISBN
696:ISBN
662:2008
615:ISBN
553:ISBN
527:ISBN
474:ISBN
358:and
208:The
141:and
139:Acre
86:and
38:The
713:),
686:),
433:."
366:to
354:in
46:) (
810::
731::
709::
682::
646:.
606:^
564:^
494:.
464::
422:^
406:.
255:.
149:.
137:,
90:.
82:,
58::
54:,
50::
747:.
702:.
664:.
600:.
575:.
533:.
502:.
480:.
416:.
109:)
42:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
