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799:
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The reasoning behind this is not clear. It is not known if this is deliberate or coincidence, as the tools used to make the stars were in short supply after the war, and using stamping dies that were readily available and could be reused or acquired from other manufacturers would have been a good way
345:
Desiring to visibly express recognition and gratitude to deserving men and women of the German people and of foreign countries, on the second anniversary of the
Federal Republic of Germany, I establish the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is awarded for achievements that served
278:
It has been awarded to over 260,000 individuals in total, both
Germans and foreigners. Since the 1990s, the number of annual awards has declined from over 4,000, first to around 2,500, then from 2015 to under 1,500, with a low of 918 awards in 2022. Since 2013, women have made up a steady 30–35% of
812:
631:
is a golden star with straight rays, its size and points vary according to class, with the badge superimposed upon it. An interesting fact about the stars, of which no less than four grades use one, is that they all have the same basic shape as various other breast stars from German history.
2896:
662:. It is of course possible that this could have been deliberate, and a way to celebrate German history in the design of the new honour for the Federal Republic. This is unlikely however as two stars represent decorations awarded during the
2705:
2100:
1292:
955:
133:
346:
the rebuilding of the country in the fields of political, socio-economic, and intellectual activity, and is intended to be an award for all those whose work contributes to the peaceful rise of the
Federal Republic of Germany.
2552:
1588:
2710:
2622:
756:
1531:
1343:
2657:
2048:
838:
2682:
1658:
2692:
726:
2700:
261:
of
Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellectual or honorary fields. It was created by the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany,
2617:
1909:
2687:
2672:
2326:
2147:
1847:
1820:
308:, which reject any orders (by tradition their citizens, particularly former or present senators, will refuse any decoration in the form of an order, the most famous example being former
2194:
1914:
1524:
1336:
371:
239:
2722:
878:
1899:
605:
Except for the lowest class, the medal, the badge is the same for all classes, but with slightly different versions for men and women (slightly smaller badge and ribbon for women):
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890:
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309:
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2415:
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2157:
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712:
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2187:
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2122:
687:
of the Order is made up of the colours of the German flag. The pattern is a large central band of red, edged on both sides in a smaller band of gold-black-gold.
2482:
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2224:
2199:
2080:
2070:
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335:
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2410:
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2053:
1996:
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1815:
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2127:
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1043:
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914:
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866:
1751:
646:
4-pointed golden Star: Grand Cross (Grand Cross of Merit with Star and Sash) - the same shape as the Third Reich Social
Welfare Decoration
643:
design if golden oak crown between the cross branches around the medallion) - the same shape as the Third Reich Order of the German Eagle
2881:
2497:
2011:
982:
926:
2627:
1736:
1889:
1300:
Classes of the Order of Merit of the
Federal Republic of Germany with their official French, English, Spanish and Russian translations
2107:
1299:
1145:
1695:
902:
527:
1685:
1608:
1305:
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1313:
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1633:
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2016:
1741:
1715:
1628:
1568:
1465:
1761:
2229:
2090:
1877:
1832:
1088:
362:
The Order comprises four groups with eight regular classes and one special (medal) class (hereafter enumerated in
English):
2135:
1418:
146:
155:
1435:
798:
77:
649:
silver Square-upon-point: Knight
Commander (Grand Officer) - the same shape as the Grand Cross of the Pour le Mérite
580:
Comparison showing the similarities and same basic design of the various stars of the
Bundesverdienstkreuz and the
519:
608:
The badge for the Member and
Officer classes however are only enamelled on one side, and flat on the reverse. The
171:
595:
591:
265:, on 7 September 1951. Colloquially, the decorations of the different classes of the Order are also known as the
2901:
1931:
1894:
1412:
1156:
584:
576:
531:
1947:
1453:
1406:
845:
619:
351:
1321:
179:
163:
1424:
1196:
636:
8-pointed golden Star: Grand Cross special class - the same shape as the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle
46:
2758:
283:
195:
2768:
2425:
1274:
828:
667:
538:
and their spouse can be awarded with this highest class. There is also the provision of awarding the
389:
88:
2265:
1540:
187:
212:
203:
972:
293:
354:
introduced a gender quota which demands a minimum of 40% of nominees to the order to be women.
1498:
1392:
1356:
1219:
1039:
977:
657:
654:
of cutting costs and simplifying production in a Germany only just starting to experience the
599:
1509:
1093:
297:
258:
616:
enamelled in red, with a central gold disc bearing a black enamelled German federal eagle (
388:); the highest class of the Order reserved for heads of state and official insignia of the
557:
331:
1177:
1387:
1364:
312:
66:
54:
2870:
565:
549:
535:
324:
262:
17:
1245:
2897:
Orders of chivalry awarded to heads of state, consorts and sovereign family members
820:
663:
588:
548:), in which the central medallion with the black eagle is surrounded by a stylized
666:, and the other two are of Prussian origin. Prussia itself had only been recently
1033:
323:
The order was established on 7 September 1951 by the decree of Federal President
561:
338:
967:
671:
515:
328:
219:
1117:
956:
List of recipients of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1122:
292:) have each their own order of merit as well, with the exception of the
1369:
675:
581:
305:
556:
has been awarded only to three persons, the former German chancellors
683:
400:); equivalent to Grand Cross 1st class, but with laurel wreath design
301:
1544:
613:
575:
1146:"Ordensstufen des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland"
1513:
1325:
777:
Badge suspended on neck riband of the class "Commander's Cross"
1077:, both Website of the President, and accessed 29 March 2014.
1314:
Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
1220:"Altkanzlerin Merkel erhält höchstmöglichen Verdienstorden"
1038:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1992. p. 70.
1306:
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany brochure
1192:"Rede: Ordensverleihung an Kanzlerin a.D. Angela Merkel"
1071:
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2818:
2802:
2737:
2605:
2280:
2238:
1960:
1940:
1779:
1729:
1552:
1486:
1386:
1363:
140:
128:
117:
102:
94:
83:
73:
62:
37:
639:6-pointed golden Star: Grand Cross 1st class (and
534:. Other than the German president, only a foreign
1378:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
988:Awards and decorations of the German Armed Forces
674:" was not something openly celebrated in the new
235:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1178:"Bundesverdienstkreuz mit Lorbeerkranz für Kohl"
542:in a "special issue" with laurel wreath design (
511:The President of the Federal Republic holds the
429:Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband
1008:"Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland"
612:of the Order is made up of a golden four-armed
343:
1089:"Bundesverdienstkreuz: Das Kreuz mit dem Dank"
1525:
1494:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
1337:
791:Medal of Merit, the lowest class of the Order
245:Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
8:
1180:(in German). Rhein-Zeitung. 26 October 1998.
763:Star of the class "Knight Commander's Cross"
655:
617:
543:
518:. It is awarded to him in a ceremony by the
500:
491:
477:
468:
459:
445:
436:
427:
418:
404:
395:
383:
287:
270:
248:
733:Badge and riband of the class "Grand Cross"
2892:Orders, decorations, and medals of Germany
2741:
2284:
1964:
1783:
1556:
1532:
1518:
1510:
1344:
1330:
1322:
69:with one special and eight regular classes
34:
1271:Orders and Decorations of Europe in Color
705:Insignia of the Grand Cross special class
2887:Civil awards and decorations of Germany
2831:Highest military decorations by country
999:
694:
1087:Binder, Elisabeth (6 September 2001).
1035:The Oxford dictionary of abbreviations
884:Grand Cross with Star and Sash in case
394:Grand Cross 1st class, special issue (
719:Insignia of the Grand Cross 1st class
7:
1066:
1064:
1062:
554:Grand Cross 1st class, special issue
160:Grand Cross 1st Class, Special Issue
2877:1951 establishments in West Germany
1116:Wördehoff, Bernhard (26 May 1989).
954:For a more comprehensive list, see
848:found on the inner lid of the Order
2843:Highest scouting awards by country
2826:Highest civilian awards by country
896:Grand Cross with Star and Sash set
545:Großkreuz in besonderer Ausführung
397:Großkreuz in besonderer Ausführung
25:
2553:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
432:); Great Cross with Star and Sash
1589:Democratic Republic of the Congo
983:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
837:
811:
797:
783:
769:
755:
741:
725:
711:
697:
211:
202:
194:
186:
178:
170:
162:
154:
145:
51:Special Class of the Grand Cross
45:
1353:Orders, decorations, and medals
749:Star of the class "Grand Cross"
438:Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern
98:Civilian and military personnel
860:Grand Cross with Star and Sash
1:
2693:Socialist Republic of Romania
1431:Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
1157:German Federal Foreign Office
670:and the legacy of so called "
27:Federal decoration of Germany
2858:Partially recognised country
2836:Wound decorations by country
2658:Independent State of Croatia
819:Foreign head of state Queen
2678:Hungarian People's Republic
2623:Bulgarian People's Republic
676:Federal Republic of Germany
473:); Cross of Merit 1st Class
385:Sonderstufe des Großkreuzes
382:Grand Cross special class (
78:Federal Republic of Germany
40:Federal Republic of Germany
2918:
2882:Awards established in 1951
1226:(in German). 28 March 2023
953:
735:(without showing the star)
528:President of the Bundesrat
520:President of the Bundestag
435:Knight Commander's Cross (
350:In 2022 Federal President
327:. Signed by Heuss, German
2855:
2744:
2287:
1967:
1786:
1559:
1250:www.1951.staatssymbole.de
932:Commander's Class in case
825:Grand Cross special class
592:Order of the German Eagle
513:Grand Cross special class
227:
151:Grand Cross Special Class
144:
44:
2683:Polish People's Republic
585:Order of the Black Eagle
470:Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse
441:); Great Cross with Star
336:Minister of the Interior
123:(as of January 10, 2021)
1012:www.bundespraesident.de
805:Certificate of Bestowal
532:Supreme Court President
479:Verdienstkreuz am Bande
450:); Great Cross of Merit
403:Grand Cross 1st class (
352:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2327:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1442:North Rhine-Westphalia
1269:Hieronymussen, P. O.,
872:Grand Cross with badge
656:
618:
602:
544:
501:
492:
478:
469:
460:
446:
437:
428:
419:
405:
396:
384:
376:
348:
288:
271:
267:Federal Cross of Merit
249:
244:
1654:Republic of the Congo
920:Commander's Cross set
844:The gold foil German
579:
540:Grand Cross 1st class
524:Chancellor of Germany
447:Großes Verdienstkreuz
420:Großes Verdienstkreuz
341:, the decree states:
284:German federal states
222:of the Order of Merit
168:Grand Cross 1st Class
38:Order of Merit of the
18:German Order of Merit
2220:United Arab Emirates
1448:Rhineland-Palatinate
1275:Macmillan Publishers
1126:(in German). Hamburg
415:Great Cross of Merit
390:President of Germany
272:Bundesverdienstkreuz
250:Bundesverdienstorden
89:President of Germany
2618:Kingdom of Bulgaria
2266:Kaisar-i-Hind Medal
1900:Trinidad and Tobago
1791:Antigua and Barbuda
1543:, decorations, and
1370:Republic of Germany
1197:Der Bundespräsident
1153:auswaertiges-amt.de
672:Prussian militarism
596:Red Cross of Honour
444:Commander's Cross (
134:bundespraesident.de
2688:Kingdom of Romania
2673:Kingdom of Hungary
2064:Self-Defense Force
1848:Dominican Republic
1472:Schleswig-Holstein
1075:German, statistics
973:Order of Karl Marx
603:
594:, The Third Reich
522:, attended by the
259:federal decoration
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2733:
2732:
2276:
2275:
1956:
1955:
1775:
1774:
1752:South West Africa
1507:
1506:
1401:Baden-Württemberg
1393:states of Germany
1357:States of Germany
1045:978-0-19-280073-2
944:Commander's Class
829:Brühl (Rhineland)
658:Wirtschaftswunder
598:and the Prussian
502:Verdienstmedaille
493:Verdienstmedaille
467:Officer's Cross (
231:
230:
16:(Redirected from
2909:
2774:Papua New Guinea
2742:
2663:Kingdom of Italy
2332:Republika Srpska
2285:
1965:
1784:
1662:
1557:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1296:
1295:
1293:Official website
1278:
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1113:
1107:
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1104:
1102:
1094:Der Tagesspiegel
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1068:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1004:
941:
929:
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908:Grand Cross Star
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:
841:
827:, 1992 visit in
815:
801:
787:
773:
759:
745:
729:
715:
701:
661:
623:
552:in relief. This
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291:
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206:
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190:
184:Knight Commander
182:
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158:
149:
136:
124:
113:
111:
110:7 September 1951
106:7 September 1951
49:
35:
21:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2902:Orders of merit
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2847:
2814:
2798:
2784:Solomon Islands
2729:
2613:Austria-Hungary
2601:
2498:Northern Cyprus
2493:North Macedonia
2353:Czech Republic
2272:
2261:Imperial Orders
2234:
1952:
1936:
1771:
1725:
1656:
1548:
1538:
1508:
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1388:Orders of merit
1382:
1368:
1365:Orders of merit
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1118:"Ehre in Serie"
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589:The Third Reich
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558:Konrad Adenauer
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332:Konrad Adenauer
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2668:Italian states
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2628:Czechoslovakia
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2590:United Kingdom
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2292:European Union
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641:special issue
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566:Angela Merkel
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550:laurel wreath
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536:head of state
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426:Grand Cross (
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325:Theodor Heuss
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263:Theodor Heuss
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30:
19:
2718:Soviet Union
2568:Transnistria
2215:Turkmenistan
2158:Saudi Arabia
1691:South Africa
1676:Sierra Leone
1436:Lower Saxony
1377:
1270:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:ZDFmediathek
1223:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1195:
1186:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1152:
1140:
1130:22 September
1128:. Retrieved
1121:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1092:
1082:
1049:. Retrieved
1034:
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1016:. Retrieved
1011:
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824:
821:Elizabeth II
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282:Most of the
281:
279:recipients.
277:
266:
254:
234:
232:
153:
84:Presented by
29:
2764:New Zealand
2697:Yugoslavia
2563:Switzerland
2488:Netherlands
2256:British Raj
2168:South Korea
2153:Philippines
2123:North Korea
1696:South Sudan
1657: [
1419:Brandenburg
1317:(in German)
1309:(in German)
1255:26 February
1200:(in German)
1097:(in German)
1073:, English;
1014:(in German)
846:Bundesadler
664:Third Reich
620:Bundesadler
562:Helmut Kohl
367:Grand Cross
339:Robert Lehr
220:Ribbon bars
176:Grand Cross
103:Established
95:Eligibility
2871:Categories
2483:Montenegro
2463:Luxembourg
2225:Uzbekistan
2200:Tajikistan
2081:Kyrgyzstan
2071:Kazakhstan
2024:East Timor
1987:Bangladesh
1982:Azerbaijan
1686:Somaliland
1639:Mozambique
1609:The Gambia
1547:by country
1051:27 October
1018:10 January
994:References
968:Iron Cross
950:Recipients
530:, and the
516:ex officio
329:Chancellor
310:Chancellor
300:Cities of
2749:Australia
2723:Republics
2458:Lithuania
2246:Manchukuo
2173:Sri Lanka
2163:Singapore
2148:Palestine
2132:Pakistan
2044:Indonesia
2012:Hong Kong
1932:Venezuela
1885:Nicaragua
1821:Provinces
1796:Argentina
1478:Thuringia
1273:(London:
831:, Germany
823:with the
668:abolished
482:); Member
406:Großkreuz
377:Großkreuz
372:‹See Tfd›
298:Hanseatic
240:‹See Tfd›
192:Commander
2754:Kiribati
2632:Germany
2595:Military
2583:Military
2538:Slovenia
2533:Slovakia
2513:Portugal
2431:Military
2416:Holy See
2399:Military
2362:Military
2339:Bulgaria
2297:Abkhazia
2205:Thailand
2183:Military
2141:Military
2113:Mongolia
2108:Maldives
2096:Malaysia
2037:Military
2002:Cambodia
1991:Military
1915:Military
1890:Paraguay
1878:Military
1843:Dominica
1833:Colombia
1801:Barbados
1780:Americas
1767:Zanzibar
1757:Transkei
1747:Rhodesia
1721:Zimbabwe
1706:Tanzania
1599:Ethiopia
1594:Eswatini
1584:Cameroon
1574:Botswana
1454:Saarland
1277:, 1967).
1230:18 April
1204:18 April
1162:27 March
1123:Die Zeit
1101:22 March
962:See also
582:Prussian
572:Insignia
375:German:
243:German:
121:260,429
2738:Oceania
2701:Kingdom
2578:Ukraine
2518:Romania
2473:Moldova
2426:Ireland
2421:Hungary
2394:Germany
2389:Georgia
2379:Finland
2374:Estonia
2369:Denmark
2344:Croatia
2322:Belgium
2317:Belarus
2312:Austria
2307:Andorra
2302:Albania
2230:Vietnam
2118:Myanmar
2086:Lebanon
1977:Artsakh
1972:Armenia
1927:Uruguay
1868:Jamaica
1858:Grenada
1853:Ecuador
1806:Bolivia
1681:Somalia
1671:Senegal
1649:Nigeria
1644:Namibia
1634:Morocco
1624:Lesotho
1579:Burundi
1564:Algeria
1407:Bavaria
1355:of the
691:Gallery
499:Medal (
476:Cross (
358:Classes
319:History
306:Hamburg
200:Officer
129:Website
108: (
74:Country
2810:Hawaii
2803:Former
2794:Tuvalu
2636:Empire
2606:Former
2573:Turkey
2558:Sweden
2528:Serbia
2523:Russia
2508:Poland
2503:Norway
2478:Monaco
2448:Latvia
2443:Kosovo
2411:Greece
2404:States
2384:France
2349:Cyprus
2281:Europe
2239:Former
2210:Turkey
2195:Taiwan
2188:Police
2101:States
2076:Kuwait
2054:Israel
2028:India
1997:Brunei
1941:Former
1920:Police
1873:Mexico
1863:Guyana
1816:Canada
1811:Brazil
1742:Ciskei
1730:Former
1716:Zambia
1711:Uganda
1666:Rwanda
1629:Malawi
1569:Angola
1553:Africa
1545:medals
1541:Orders
1474:
1468:
1462:
1460:Saxony
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1413:Berlin
1409:
1403:
1390:of the
1367:of the
1042:
684:riband
526:, the
334:, and
302:Bremen
289:Länder
208:Member
2819:Other
2789:Tonga
2779:Samoa
2543:Spain
2468:Malta
2438:Italy
2357:Civil
2178:Civil
2136:Civil
2059:Japan
2032:Civil
2017:Macau
2007:China
1910:Civil
1828:Chile
1762:Venda
1701:Sudan
1661:]
1619:Kenya
1614:Ghana
1604:Egypt
1487:Other
1425:Hesse
1302:(PDF)
1149:(PDF)
614:cross
610:badge
247:, or
217:Medal
118:Total
32:Award
2769:Niue
2759:Fiji
2651:East
2646:Nazi
2128:Oman
2091:Laos
2049:Iran
1961:Asia
1895:Peru
1838:Cuba
1257:2022
1232:2023
1206:2023
1164:2018
1132:2018
1103:2017
1053:2018
1040:ISBN
1020:2021
681:The
629:star
627:The
564:and
304:and
296:and
294:Free
233:The
87:the
63:Type
2706:SFR
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624:).
315:).
275:).
255:BVO
2873::
2711:FR
1659:fr
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