655:
1130:
26:
48:
41:
1362:
968:
3151:
3134:
3146:
3126:
947:. The German force is found by British air reconnaissance on 8 April at the Norwegian south coast and promptly returns home, arriving on 10 October in Kiel. The Home fleet left Scapa Flow to intercept the German Force but did not find anything. A total of 148 German aircraft are deployed to attack the Home Fleet but they achieve nothing. The British launched an air attack consisting of 12
496:
747:
departed on a cruise into the
Atlantic in early 1932 for more extensive sea trials. After returning to Germany, she took on her first crew of naval cadets for a world cruise, departing Germany in late 1932. The tour lasted a full year; she stopped in ports across the globe, including in the Atlantic,
1463:
to return to
Germany. The three ships stopped in Narvik on 25 January, and in Trondheim from 30 January to 2 February. After resuming the voyage south, the ships searched for Norwegian blockade runners in the Skagerrak on 6 February before putting into port at Kiel on 8 February.
1470:
was decommissioned in Kiel on 17 February. She was sent to drydock in early 1944 for an overhaul to prepare her to return to combat duty; this was completed by 1 July. The cruiser served briefly as a training ship before escorting German merchant vessels in Norway.
1394:
did not participate in the battle as they were not considered full battle worthy. The German Navy failed to destroy JW-51B and was repulsed by the inferior
British convoy escort. In the aftermath of that failed operation, a furious Hitler proclaimed that the
1498:
was hit and sank on an even keel. Since her guns remained above water, the ship was used as an artillery battery to defend the city from advancing Allied forces. She served in this capacity until the end of the war in May. She was partially dismantled
458:
experimentally. Later in 1942, she returned to Norway, but did not see significant action. She remained there until early 1943, when she returned to
Germany in order to be decommissioned as decreed by Hitler after the failure of the Kriegsmarine in
3210:
748:
Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the
Mediterranean Sea. In Australia the tour stops included Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney and Hobart, with the crew taking place in several publicised football games against local teams that included a
1113:
nevertheless supported the German infantry ashore with her main guns. After the port was secured, she returned to
Germany, along with a pair of destroyers. In late 1940, she went into drydock for further modifications. A
1357:
before the ships could mount an action. As a consequence permission was not given for the flotilla to proceed with the operation, instead PQ-18 was attacked by U-boats and bombers, which sank thirteen freighters.
928:
towards the
Norwegian coast on 7 October. The goal was to feint a breakout into the Atlantic which would keep pressure on the British to continue convoying, and to relieve pressure from the raiding operation of the
1230:. Toward the end of 1941, she was transferred to the North Sea, and went into drydock for her last major modification. This consisted of the installation of a FuMO 21 radar set on the forward command center roof.
1484:; several near misses caused damage to her propulsion system that required repair in Germany. She then proceeded to Wilhelmshaven, where she was again attacked by Allied bombers repeatedly. On 30 March,
1378:
did not sail until end of
December. As in the Arctic winter and darkness carrier escort was impossible, the Kriegsmarine was determined to attack the convoy in Operation Regenbogen, resulting in the
612:
aft. The rear gun turrets were offset to increase their arc of fire. They were supplied with 1,080 rounds of ammunition, for 120 shells per gun. The ship was also equipped with two
3195:
2364:
654:
3175:
900:
on 1 September; she was unsuccessful in this task. Between 3 and 20 September she participated in laying the 'Westwall' defensive minefield in the German
3205:
3190:
2254:
1149:
became part of the Baltic fleet. which was assigned to guard the Baltic sea against a possible breakout of the Soviet fleet. On 23 September she left
770:
432:
2779:
1129:
2656:
1524:
These statistics are for the ship as completed; over the course of her career, armament, crew size, and other characteristics of the ship changed.
2904:
2888:
1245:
3180:
2223:
2204:
2185:
2155:
2114:
2093:
2052:
769:
continued to serve as a training ship until early 1936, when she was transferred to fishery protection duty. Later that year, she joined the
3002:
2438:
2410:
1201:
during the night of 12 October, so that German forces could land against a weakened defense on the south coast. On 13 October, the Soviet
3145:
3141:
2357:
1458:
3215:
3200:
2506:
2263:
1267:
843:
490:
336:
122:
25:
2331:
2133:
2071:
2030:
2007:
439:
during the latter part of the decade. After the outbreak of World War II in
September 1939, she conducted several operations in the
3154:
3150:
2379:
872:
700:
589:. The ship's propulsion system provided a top speed of 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) and a range of approximately 5,700
391:
78:
2706:
2557:
2350:
2649:
2247:
1619:
1304:
999:
866:
470:
460:
2813:
2277:
952:
784:
371:
957:
penetrated the harbour defenses of Scapa Flow on 14 October to attack the Home Fleet, it found only the old battleship
451:
in April 1940, and she was the only member of her class to survive the operation. In 1942, she was modified to carry a
2683:
2475:
1485:
854:
788:
737:
for the anti-aircraft guns was installed aft. These new guns were unsatisfactoy and were replaced with three pairs of
951:
bombers, though it too failed to hit any of the German warships. The Home Fleet did not return to Scapa Flow so when
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
2143:
1043:
778:
2525:
1379:
1344:
1154:
897:
405:
469:
returned to service in 1944, escorting
Germans ships to Norway and laying mines. In March 1945, she was sunk by
2688:
2617:
2284:
2240:
1205:
738:
726:
613:
377:
275:
3073:
3034:
2974:
2965:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2797:
2791:
2729:
2570:
2465:
2429:
2401:
1084:
448:
1399:
capital ships would be paid off and dismantled, and their guns used to reinforce the fortifications of the
3108:
3022:
2918:
2894:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2751:
2745:
2723:
2612:
2591:
2564:
2520:
2497:
2487:
2481:
1318:
1017:
987:
2938:
2600:
2315:
1075:, and then the roles were reversed when the five destroyers had to escort the cruisers back to Germany.
749:
478:
1049:
2174:
Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart
2994:
2767:
2672:
2454:
2307:
1337:
1273:
3185:
2984:
2760:
1053:
1030:. The patrol lasted until 25 November, and failed to locate any Allied freighters. On 13 December,
734:
526:
2342:
2627:
2128:. Marine-Arsenal (in German). Vol. Sonderheft band 18. Wölfersheim-Berstadt: Podzun Pallas.
958:
948:
717:
on 15 January 1930, the last member of her class to be completed. She spent the year conducting
1216:, but the cruiser's escorts forced the Soviet submarine to break off the attack. The next day,
3082:
2784:
2661:
2536:
2512:
2219:
2200:
2181:
2151:
2129:
2110:
2089:
2067:
2048:
2026:
2003:
1184:
1150:
774:
756:
682:
582:
477:. She remained on an even keel, with her gun turrets above water; this allowed her to provide
436:
181:
896:
was stationed in the western Baltic to prevent Polish vessels from fleeing after the planned
3050:
2734:
2448:
2417:
2197:
German Light Cruisers of World War II: Emden, Königsberg, Karlsruhe, Köln, Leipzig, Nürnberg
2081:
1668:
1658:
1489:
1326:
1057:
3061:
2634:
1443:
were to be decommissioned and the other cruisers were relocated to the training squadron.
1123:
518:
452:
215:
2178:
The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present
2040:
1172:
813:
conducted a further four patrols off Spain before returning to fishery protection in the
2579:
1404:
1361:
1333:
967:
730:
561:
553:
514:
1122:
landing platform on top of turret "Bruno". She thereafter served as a testbed for the
626:
mounts located amidships; they were supplied with twenty-four 50 cm (20 in)
3169:
2547:
1663:
1646:
1400:
1375:
1332:, but the torpedoes passed behind the German ships. PQ-18 had an escort including an
706:
643:
601:
590:
586:
578:
574:
557:
474:
415:
397:
332:
313:
269:
240:
209:
203:
83:
1353:
in an attack on a convoy and insisted the aircraft carrier be first disabled by the
3089:
3043:
2389:
1350:
1322:
1251:
1198:
1027:
712:
623:
597:
522:
361:
353:
343:
281:
53:
616:
anti-aircraft guns in single mounts; they had 400 rounds of ammunition each.
581:. Steam for the turbines was provided by six Marine-type, double-ended, oil-fired
2104:
3011:
2957:
2639:
835:
831:
760:
635:
545:
443:, but did not encounter any British warships. She participated in the attack on
419:
401:
367:
307:
228:
1623:
1056:
and escort them home. The force was attacked at 10h45 by the British submarine
495:
2715:
2103:
Sieche, Erwin (1992). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (eds.).
1314:
1254:
the ships laid a defensive minefield in the Skagerrak. Between 14 and 15 July
1119:
1115:
940:
936:
851:
722:
639:
631:
605:
542:
455:
301:
287:
187:
1620:"Crew of the German cruiser KOLN and the Royal Australian Naval soccer teams"
1193:
participated in a diversionary attack on the east coast of the Baltic island
2232:
2023:
Arctic, Atlantic, Baltic: The Operations of the Heavy Cruiser Admiral Hipper
1481:
1354:
1291:
1250:
departed Kiel to join the growing naval presence in Norway. On their way to
1202:
1176:
1052:
in order to meet five destroyers returning from an minelaying operation off
944:
925:
917:
901:
847:
839:
814:
718:
609:
549:
538:
440:
2086:
Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
2019:
Eismeer Atlantik Ostsee. Die Einsätze des Schweren Kreuzers Admiral Hipper
593:(10,600 km; 6,600 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph).
3096:
2910:
2694:
921:
548:
that extended for most of the length of the ship, ending just aft of the
530:
139:
2047:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1407:
persuaded Hitler to retain a battle group consisting of the battleships
1336:, and ever since the near-torpedoing by aircraft of the British carrier
431:
served as a training ship for naval cadets in the 1930s, and joined the
1194:
1004:
on the first leg of their sortie into the North Atlantic. On the 22nd,
627:
347:
243:(10,600 km; 6,600 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)
128:
3211:
Military units and formations of Nazi Germany in the Spanish Civil War
1673:
1171:, three destroyers and five torpedo boats. The fleet patrolled in the
1143:
While still conducting experiments with the FI 282 in September 1941,
1091:, in April 1940. She was assigned Group 3, tasked with the assault on
2172:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
1325:. While en route, the flotilla was attacked by the British submarine
1310:
1227:
1223:
1180:
1092:
1088:
763:. A pole mast was also installed on the rear side of the aft funnel.
675:
444:
1503:
after the end of the war, and finally raised in 1956 for scrapping.
342:
that was operated between 1929 and March 1945, including service in
1107:
was not so lucky; she was badly damaged by Norwegian coastal guns.
729:
anti-aircraft guns to replace the original single mounts, the rear
1360:
1128:
966:
653:
534:
494:
418:(5.9-inch) guns in three triple turrets and had a top speed of 32
143:
1647:""A Good-Will Ship": The Light Cruiser Köln Visits Rabaul (1933)"
818:
817:
in 1938. Late in the year, she went into drydock for a refit in
688:
2346:
2236:
481:
to defenders of the city until the end of the war in May 1945.
414:
on 15 January 1930. She was armed with a main battery of nine
1048:
sortied into the North Sea under the command of vice-admiral
709:. She was launched on 23 May 1928, and commissioned into the
2088:(Third Revised ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2126:
Leichte und mitlere Artillerie auf deutschen Kriegsschiffen
1622:. Australian National Maritime Museum. 2013. Archived from
570:
had a crew of 21 officers and 493 enlisted men.
2180:] (in German). Vol. 5. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
1602:
1600:
638:
that was 40 mm (1.6 in) thick amidships and an
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1544:
1542:
1540:
838:, Lithuania), in connection with the annexation of the
1343:
of the flagship of the German fleet, the battleship
1222:
provided gunfire support to ground troops attacking
608:. One was located forward, and two were placed in a
276:
8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45 anti-aircraft guns
2929:
2378:
2109:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 218–254.
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1451:left Altenfjord on 23 January 1943 in company with
672:was ordered as "Cruiser D" under the contract name
1175:and after the Soviet fleet was neutralized by the
2106:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
2002:(in German). Oldenburg: Gerhard Stalling Verlag.
1016:were detached to join an unsuccessful patrol for
877:for a major series of maneuvers in the Atlantic.
2373:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in March 1945
2124:Stehr, Werner F.G.; Breyer, Siegfried (1999).
1278:repeated the minelaying operation. On 17 July
2358:
2248:
2195:Koop, Gerhard; Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2002).
1126:helicopter, a task she performed until 1942.
8:
1651:Australian Journal of Politics & History
1493:
1475:
1465:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1389:
1383:
1365:
1298:
1297:On 13 September, she and the heavy cruisers
1285:
1279:
1261:
1255:
1239:
1217:
1211:
1188:
1166:
1160:
1144:
1134:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1037:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1005:
993:
981:
971:
930:
911:
905:
891:
860:
825:
808:
802:
796:
764:
742:
710:
698:
692:
673:
667:
658:
617:
565:
508:
500:
464:
426:
409:
389:
383:
359:
351:
325:
76:
64:
1591:
1370:sunk in Wilhelmshaven at the end of the war
1020:merchant ships in the Skagerrak along with
646:had 100 mm (3.9 in) thick sides.
642:that was 50 mm (2 in) thick. The
564:and a secondary conning tower further aft.
2365:
2351:
2343:
2255:
2241:
2233:
725:. In 1930, she was modified with two dual
521:of 15.2 m (50 ft) and a maximum
109:Sunk by American aircraft on 30 March 1945
1672:
1662:
3196:World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea
1101:. She reached the harbor unscathed, but
573:Her propulsion system consisted of four
1536:
1517:
759:installed, along with cranes to handle
681:, as a replacement for the old cruiser
630:. She was also capable of carrying 120
408:in May 1928, and commissioned into the
1982:
1850:
1814:
1795:
1699:
1687:
1606:
1474:On the night of 13–14 December,
801:transported wounded crew members from
585:, which were vented through a pair of
577:and a pair of 10-cylinder four-stroke
20:
1910:
634:. The ship was protected by an armor
270:15 cm (5.9 in) SL C/25 guns
37:
7:
2218:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2199:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
850:. Later in the year, she joined the
2025:] (in German). Munchen: Heyne.
1480:was attacked by British bombers in
1382:. The two available light cruisers
1349:, Hitler was reluctant to risk his
1139:moored in Trondheim on 19 July 1942
525:of 6.28 m (20.6 ft). She
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1874:
1862:
1838:
1826:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1579:
1567:
1548:
1179:in harbour, all ships returned to
890:In the final days of August 1939,
14:
2332:List of light cruisers of Germany
1118:coil was installed, along with a
777:. After the German heavy cruiser
697:was laid on 7 August 1926 at the
614:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45
3206:Maritime incidents in March 1945
3191:World War II cruisers of Germany
3176:Königsberg-class cruisers (1927)
3149:
3144:
3132:
3124:
2216:German Cruisers of World War Two
1898:
1886:
1664:10.1111/j.1467-8497.2008.00483.x
1645:Winter, Christine (2008-02-26).
943:and lure them into range of the
935:. The goal was also to draw the
602:15 cm (5.9 in) SK C/25
46:
39:
24:
2148:German Light Cruisers 1939–1945
663:at her launching on 23 May 1928
2064:Convoy! Drama in Arctic Waters
1309:and two destroyers moved from
560:forward with a heavy, tubular
1:
2150:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1153:together with the battleship
604:guns mounted in three triple
513:was 174 meters (571 ft)
422:(59 km/h; 37 mph).
280:12 × 50 cm (20 in)
3181:Ships built in Wilhelmshaven
1183:by 29 September. As part of
1063:which scored a hit on both
316:: 100 mm (3.9 in)
231:(59 km/h; 37 mph)
3232:
2045:German Warships: 1815–1945
2017:Brennecke, Jochen (2003).
1321:, an attack on the Arctic
596:The ship was armed with a
499:Identification drawing of
488:
346:. She was operated by two
335:, the third member of the
310:: 40 mm (1.6 in)
170:6.28 m (20.6 ft)
3216:Ships sunk by US aircraft
3201:Cruisers sunk by aircraft
3119:
2327:
2302:
2273:
1425:. But the light cruisers
1380:Battle of the Barents Sea
992:escorted the battleships
980:On 20–22 November,
920:for a sortie through the
898:German invasion of Poland
755:In 1935, the ship had an
622:also carried four triple
113:
32:
23:
1419:, and the heavy cruiser
1095:, along with her sister
771:non-intervention patrols
491:Königsberg-class cruiser
433:non-intervention patrols
304:: 50 mm (2 in)
162:15.3 m (50 ft)
154:174 m (571 ft)
114:General characteristics
16:Königsberg-class cruiser
2214:Whitley, M. J. (1987).
1592:Stehr & Breyer 1999
859:and the heavy cruisers
425:Like her sister ships,
1998:Bekker, Cajus (1971).
1494:
1476:
1466:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1390:
1384:
1371:
1366:
1319:Operation Doppelschlag
1299:
1286:
1280:
1262:
1256:
1240:
1218:
1212:
1189:
1167:
1161:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1079:
1071:
1065:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1006:
994:
982:
977:
972:
931:
912:
906:
892:
861:
826:
809:
803:
797:
765:
743:
711:
699:
693:
674:
668:
664:
659:
618:
566:
509:
505:
501:
465:
427:
410:
390:
384:
360:
352:
326:
77:
65:
1798:, pp. 23–24, 33.
1492:attacked the harbor;
1364:
1247:Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt
1132:
970:
773:off Spain during the
750:Royal Australian Navy
657:
498:
1085:Operation Weserübung
844:Germany had demanded
733:was enlarged, and a
721:and training in the
461:Operation Regenbogen
449:Operation Weserübung
202:2 × MAN 10-cylinder
2062:Kemp, Paul (1993).
1949:, pp. 227–228.
1925:, pp. 279–291.
1901:, pp. 115–118.
1889:, pp. 102–111.
1877:, pp. 195–196.
1841:, pp. 107–108.
1829:, pp. 102–103.
1750:, pp. 6, 9–10.
1551:, pp. 119–120.
1260:and the destroyers
964:lying at anchor.
735:fire control system
2144:Williamson, Gordon
1853:, pp. 23, 33.
1460:Z4 Richard Beitzen
1457:and the destroyer
1372:
1317:in preparation of
1244:and the destroyer
1141:
1087:, the invasion of
978:
785:Republican bombers
665:
583:water-tube boilers
506:
182:water-tube boilers
3161:
3160:
2674:James Eagan Layne
2340:
2339:
2225:978-0-87021-217-8
2206:978-1-55750-310-7
2187:978-3-7822-0456-9
2157:978-1-84176-503-7
2116:978-0-85177-146-5
2095:978-1-59114-119-8
2054:978-0-87021-790-6
1774:, pp. 61–62.
1762:, pp. 10–11.
1738:, pp. 33–34.
1609:, pp. 22–23.
1594:, pp. 18–19.
1287:Friedrich Eckoldt
1269:Z14 Friedrich Ihn
1263:Friedrich Eckoldt
1185:Operation Beowulf
932:Admiral Graf Spee
874:Admiral Graf Spee
807:back to Germany.
787:in the so-called
775:Spanish Civil War
757:aircraft catapult
701:Reichsmarinewerft
552:rear turret. Her
541:. The ship had a
437:Spanish Civil War
392:Reichsmarinewerft
388:was built by the
322:
321:
79:Reichsmarinewerft
3223:
3153:
3148:
3136:
3128:
3112:
3102:
3077:
3067:
3056:
3038:
3028:
3017:
3006:
2989:
2979:
2969:
2952:
2944:
2922:
2899:
2883:
2801:
2773:
2755:
2739:
2710:
2700:
2677:
2667:
2644:
2622:
2606:
2595:
2585:
2574:
2552:
2542:
2531:
2501:
2491:
2469:
2459:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2405:
2395:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2229:
2210:
2191:
2161:
2139:
2120:
2099:
2077:
2058:
2036:
2013:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1666:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1626:on 19 March 2018
1616:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1552:
1546:
1525:
1522:
1497:
1490:Eighth Air Force
1479:
1469:
1456:
1450:
1442:
1437:and the damaged
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1393:
1387:
1374:The next Arctic
1369:
1302:
1289:
1283:
1265:
1259:
1243:
1238:On 9 July 1942,
1221:
1215:
1210:tried to attack
1192:
1170:
1164:
1148:
1138:
1133:The camouflaged
1112:
1106:
1100:
1082:
1074:
1068:
1041:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1009:
997:
986:and the cruiser
985:
975:
934:
915:
909:
895:
864:
842:district, which
829:
812:
806:
800:
783:was attacked by
768:
752:team in Sydney.
746:
716:
704:
696:
680:
671:
662:
621:
610:superfiring pair
569:
512:
504:
471:American bombers
468:
430:
413:
404:in August 1926,
395:
387:
365:
357:
329:
256:493 enlisted men
216:screw propellers
190:(48,000 kW)
188:shaft horsepower
82:
68:
56:
51:
50:
49:
44:
43:
42:
28:
21:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3140:
3115:
3105:
3080:
3070:
3059:
3041:
3031:
3020:
3009:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2955:
2947:
2936:
2930:Other incidents
2925:
2902:
2886:
2804:
2776:
2758:
2742:
2713:
2703:
2680:
2670:
2647:
2629:Empire Blessing
2625:
2609:
2598:
2588:
2577:
2555:
2545:
2534:
2508:Sperrbrecher 18
2504:
2494:
2472:
2462:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2413:Southern Flower
2408:
2398:
2387:
2374:
2371:
2341:
2336:
2323:
2298:
2269:
2267:-class cruisers
2261:
2226:
2213:
2207:
2194:
2188:
2171:
2168:
2166:Further reading
2158:
2142:
2136:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2080:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2016:
2010:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:, pp. 225.
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1555:
1547:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1486:B-24 Liberators
1236:
1159:, the cruisers
1124:Flettner Fl 282
1050:Günther Lütjens
888:
883:
846:be returned by
824:In March 1939,
652:
650:Service history
556:consisted of a
493:
487:
479:gunfire support
453:Flettner Fl 282
175:Installed power
101:15 January 1930
52:
47:
45:
40:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3229:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3106:Unknown date:
3103:
3078:
3068:
3057:
3039:
3029:
3018:
3007:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2953:
2950:Greenhill Park
2945:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2903:Unknown date:
2900:
2884:
2802:
2774:
2756:
2740:
2711:
2701:
2678:
2668:
2645:
2623:
2607:
2596:
2586:
2575:
2553:
2543:
2532:
2502:
2492:
2476:Amiral Charner
2470:
2460:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2406:
2396:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2211:
2205:
2192:
2186:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2140:
2134:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2082:Rohwer, Jürgen
2078:
2072:
2059:
2053:
2037:
2031:
2014:
2008:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1973:, p. 404.
1963:
1961:, p. 378.
1951:
1939:
1937:, p. 227.
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1865:, p. 179.
1855:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1637:
1611:
1596:
1584:
1582:, p. 119.
1572:
1570:, p. 230.
1553:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1454:Admiral Hipper
1440:Admiral Hipper
1397:Kriegsmarine's
1334:escort carrier
1306:Admiral Hipper
1300:Admiral Scheer
1235:
1232:
1162:Admiral Scheer
887:
884:
882:
879:
868:Admiral Scheer
739:8.8 cm SK C/32
731:superstructure
727:8.8 cm SK C/25
651:
648:
591:nautical miles
579:diesel engines
575:steam turbines
554:superstructure
489:Main article:
486:
483:
366:. She had two
320:
319:
318:
317:
311:
305:
297:
293:
292:
291:
290:
284:
278:
272:
264:
260:
259:
258:
257:
254:
249:
245:
244:
237:
233:
232:
225:
221:
220:
219:
218:
212:
210:steam turbines
206:
204:diesel engines
198:
194:
193:
192:
191:
184:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
136:
132:
131:
120:
119:Class and type
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
74:
70:
69:
62:
58:
57:
35:
34:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3228:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3142:February 1945
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:Albert Ballin
2445:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:Followed by:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:Preceded by:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2135:3-7909-0664-6
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:0-304-35451-1
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:Gröner, Erich
2038:
2034:
2032:3-453-87084-0
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2009:3-548-03057-2
2005:
2001:
2000:Verdammte See
1996:
1995:
1991:
1985:, p. 34.
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1817:, p. 33.
1816:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1786:, p. 18.
1785:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1702:, p. 24.
1701:
1696:
1693:
1690:, p. 23.
1689:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1521:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1401:Atlantic Wall
1398:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:convoy JW 51B
1368:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1351:capital ships
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1226:positions on
1225:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:took part in
1081:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1028:torpedo boats
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1003:
1002:
996:
991:
990:
984:
974:
969:
965:
963:
962:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
927:
923:
919:
914:
908:
903:
899:
894:
885:
880:
878:
876:
875:
870:
869:
863:
858:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
822:
820:
816:
811:
805:
799:
794:
792:
786:
782:
781:
776:
772:
767:
762:
758:
753:
751:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
714:
708:
707:Wilhelmshaven
703:
702:
695:
690:
686:
685:
679:
677:
670:
661:
656:
649:
647:
645:
644:conning tower
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
568:
563:
559:
558:conning tower
555:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
503:
497:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
475:Wilhelmshaven
472:
467:
462:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
423:
421:
417:
416:15 cm SK C/25
412:
407:
403:
399:
398:Wilhelmshaven
394:
393:
386:
381:
380:
375:
374:
369:
364:
363:
356:
355:
349:
345:
341:
339:
334:
333:light cruiser
330:
328:
315:
314:Conning tower
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
285:
283:
282:torpedo tubes
279:
277:
273:
271:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
242:
238:
235:
234:
230:
226:
223:
222:
217:
213:
211:
207:
205:
201:
200:
199:
196:
195:
189:
185:
183:
179:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
125:
121:
118:
117:
112:
108:
105:
104:
100:
97:
96:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:Wilhelmshaven
81:
80:
75:
72:
71:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3163:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3072:
3063:
3052:
3045:
3033:
3024:
3013:
3001:
2996:
2985:
2975:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2940:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2895:
2889:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2762:
2750:
2744:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2717:
2705:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2663:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2590:
2581:
2569:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2496:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2439:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2400:
2391:
2316:
2308:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2264:
2215:
2196:
2177:
2173:
2147:
2125:
2105:
2085:
2063:
2044:
2022:
2018:
1999:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1726:, p. 6.
1719:
1714:, p. 2.
1707:
1695:
1683:
1657:(1): 44–54.
1654:
1650:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:the original
1614:
1587:
1575:
1520:
1500:
1473:
1459:
1445:
1396:
1373:
1345:
1339:
1328:
1323:Convoy PQ 18
1305:
1296:
1274:
1268:
1252:Kristiansand
1246:
1237:
1206:
1199:Gulf of Riga
1173:Sea of Åland
1155:
1142:
1077:
1059:
1044:
1000:
988:
979:
960:
953:
889:
881:World War II
873:
867:
855:
823:
790:
779:
761:float planes
754:
713:Reichsmarine
705:shipyard in
683:
666:
624:torpedo tube
598:main battery
595:
572:
533:(7,800
515:long overall
507:
424:
411:Reichsmarine
378:
372:
368:sister ships
362:Kriegsmarine
354:Reichsmarine
350:navies, the
344:World War II
337:
324:
323:
142:(7,800
135:Displacement
123:
98:Commissioned
18:
2786:Kommandøren
2657:Hakuyo Maru
2603:Guysborough
2440:Nagara Maru
2420:Steady Hour
1416:Scharnhorst
1405:Karl Dönitz
1290:arrived in
1023:Deutschland
1001:Scharnhorst
862:Deutschland
804:Deutschland
791:Deutschland
780:Deutschland
632:naval mines
606:gun turrets
550:superfiring
435:during the
253:21 officers
239:5,700
208:4 × geared
93:23 May 1928
3186:1928 ships
3170:Categories
3155:April 1945
2716:HMAS
2582:Lancetfish
2549:Taber Park
2418:HMAS
2380:Shipwrecks
2279:Königsberg
2265:Königsberg
2066:. Casell.
1992:References
1983:Williamson
1851:Williamson
1815:Williamson
1796:Williamson
1700:Williamson
1688:Williamson
1674:1885/37746
1607:Williamson
1403:. Admiral
1340:Victorious
1315:Altenfjord
1181:Gotenhafen
1151:Swinemunde
1120:helicopter
1116:degaussing
1104:Königsberg
1098:Königsberg
1026:and three
976:circa 1936
949:Wellington
941:Scapa Flow
937:Home Fleet
918:destroyers
852:battleship
830:sailed to
723:Baltic Sea
719:sea trials
640:armor belt
543:forecastle
517:and had a
456:helicopter
400:; she was
373:Königsberg
338:Königsberg
248:Complement
197:Propulsion
124:Königsberg
3097:USS
3090:USS
3083:USS
3051:HMS
3044:USS
3025:Spadefish
3023:USS
3012:USS
2995:USS
2986:Brünhilde
2958:USS
2939:USS
2911:USS
2768:USS
2761:USS
2736:Zähringen
2695:USS
2684:Gneisenau
2580:USS
2559:Hugo Zeye
2537:HMS
2513:USS
2390:USS
2286:Karlsruhe
1911:Brennecke
1532:Citations
1512:Footnotes
1488:from the
1482:Oslofjord
1355:Luftwaffe
1338:HMS
1327:HMS
1292:Trondheim
1234:1942–1945
1203:submarine
1177:Luftwaffe
1058:HMS
1054:Newcastle
995:Gneisenau
961:Royal Oak
959:HMS
945:Luftwaffe
926:Skagerrak
916:and nine
913:Gneisenau
902:North Sea
886:1939–1941
856:Gneisenau
848:Lithuania
840:Memelland
815:North Sea
793:incident"
741:in 1931.
628:torpedoes
539:full load
531:long tons
527:displaced
441:North Sea
402:laid down
379:Karlsruhe
140:long tons
3092:Coos Bay
3081:31 Mar:
3071:30 Mar:
3060:29 Mar:
3046:Halligan
3042:26 Mar:
3032:23 Mar:
3021:21 Mar:
3010:20 Mar:
2997:Franklin
2993:19 Mar:
2983:18 Mar:
2973:16 Mar:
2956:11 Mar:
2941:Guitarro
2887:31 Mar:
2805:30 Mar:
2777:29 Mar:
2759:28 Mar:
2743:27 Mar:
2714:26 Mar:
2707:Tomozuru
2704:24 Mar:
2681:23 Mar:
2671:21 Mar:
2648:20 Mar:
2641:Samselbu
2626:19 Mar:
2610:18 Mar:
2599:17 Mar:
2589:16 Mar:
2578:15 Mar:
2556:14 Mar:
2546:13 Mar.
2535:13 Mar:
2505:12 Mar:
2495:11 Mar:
2473:10 Mar:
2392:Hannibal
2146:(2003).
2084:(2005).
2043:(1990).
1630:18 March
1391:Nürnberg
1207:Shch-322
1168:Nürnberg
1072:Nürnberg
1045:Nürnberg
922:Kattegat
836:Klaipėda
600:of nine
406:launched
358:and the
263:Armament
90:Launched
3014:Piranha
2960:Piranha
2948:6 Mar:
2937:1 Mar:
2780:Cha-156
2770:Trigger
2763:Skylark
2664:Lapwing
2539:Sealion
2463:7 Mar:
2447:6 Mar:
2437:5 Mar:
2427:4 Mar:
2409:3 Mar:
2399:2 Mar:
2388:1 Mar:
2317:Leipzig
1501:in situ
1434:Leipzig
1410:Tirpitz
1346:Tirpitz
1197:in the
1156:Tirpitz
1066:Leipzig
1039:Leipzig
1013:Leipzig
989:Leipzig
939:out of
910:joined
587:funnels
447:during
186:65,000
129:cruiser
73:Builder
54:Germany
33:History
3074:U-1197
3053:Puffin
3035:U-1003
2966:U-1201
2880:U-3508
2874:U-2340
2868:U-1167
2862:U-1131
2798:U-1169
2792:U-1106
2730:U-1003
2571:U-1021
2526:V 315
2466:U-1302
2430:U-3508
2402:U-3519
2222:
2203:
2184:
2154:
2132:
2113:
2092:
2070:
2051:
2029:
2006:
1971:Rohwer
1959:Rohwer
1947:Rohwer
1935:Rohwer
1923:Bekker
1875:Rohwer
1863:Rohwer
1839:Rohwer
1827:Rohwer
1784:Rohwer
1772:Bekker
1760:Rohwer
1748:Rohwer
1736:Bekker
1724:Rohwer
1712:Rohwer
1580:Gröner
1568:Sieche
1549:Gröner
1422:Lützow
1329:Tigris
1311:Narvik
1228:Ristna
1224:Soviet
1093:Bergen
1089:Norway
1060:Salmon
1042:, and
1018:Allied
871:, and
687:. The
684:Arcona
678:Arcona
676:Ersatz
529:7,700
485:Design
445:Bergen
348:German
331:was a
151:Length
138:7,700
126:-class
3109:U-758
3062:HMCS
3003:Ryūhō
2919:U-296
2906:Ha-69
2890:Ha-60
2856:U-965
2850:U-884
2844:U-870
2838:U-430
2832:U-429
2826:U-350
2820:U-348
2752:U-905
2746:U-722
2724:U-399
2718:Terka
2690:Ro-41
2613:U-866
2601:HMCS
2592:U-367
2565:U-714
2521:U-260
2498:U-682
2488:U-681
2482:U-275
2319:class
2309:Emden
2176:[
2021:[
1507:Notes
834:(now
832:Memel
537:) at
523:draft
420:knots
340:class
296:Armor
288:mines
236:Range
229:knots
224:Speed
167:Draft
3138:1946
3130:1945
3122:1944
3099:Spot
3085:Case
3064:Teme
2976:I-47
2913:Kete
2814:U-96
2808:Köln
2697:S-21
2662:HMS
2635:Suma
2619:TA24
2528:Bris
2515:Bass
2411:HMT
2293:Köln
2220:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2182:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2049:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1899:Kemp
1887:Kemp
1632:2018
1495:Köln
1477:Köln
1467:Köln
1448:Köln
1431:and
1428:Köln
1413:and
1388:and
1385:Köln
1367:Köln
1303:and
1284:and
1281:Köln
1272:and
1257:Köln
1241:Köln
1219:Köln
1213:Köln
1195:Dagö
1190:Köln
1165:and
1146:Köln
1136:Köln
1110:Köln
1080:Köln
1069:and
1033:Köln
1010:and
1007:Köln
998:and
983:Köln
973:Köln
954:U-47
924:and
907:Köln
893:Köln
827:Köln
819:Kiel
810:Köln
798:Köln
766:Köln
744:Köln
694:Köln
691:for
689:keel
669:Köln
660:Köln
636:deck
619:Köln
567:Köln
562:mast
546:deck
519:beam
510:Köln
502:Köln
466:Köln
428:Köln
385:Köln
376:and
327:Köln
308:Deck
302:Belt
286:120
274:2 ×
268:9 ×
180:6 ×
159:Beam
106:Fate
66:Köln
61:Name
2896:I-8
2651:M18
2456:Z28
1669:hdl
1659:doi
1313:to
1275:Z24
473:in
396:in
241:nmi
227:32
3172::
3095:,
3088:,
3049:,
3000:,
2963:,
2916:,
2909:,
2893:,
2877:,
2871:,
2865:,
2859:,
2853:,
2847:,
2841:,
2835:,
2829:,
2823:,
2817:,
2811:,
2795:,
2789:,
2783:,
2766:,
2749:,
2733:,
2727:,
2721:,
2693:,
2687:,
2660:,
2654:,
2638:,
2632:,
2616:,
2568:,
2562:,
2524:,
2518:,
2511:,
2485:,
2479:,
2453:,
2416:,
1803:^
1667:.
1655:54
1653:.
1649:.
1599:^
1556:^
1539:^
1294:.
1266:,
1187:,
1036:,
904:.
865:,
821:.
795:,
463:;
382:.
370:,
214:2
2366:e
2359:t
2352:v
2256:e
2249:t
2242:v
2228:.
2209:.
2190:.
2160:.
2138:.
2119:.
2098:.
2076:.
2057:.
2035:.
2012:.
1677:.
1671::
1661::
1634:.
789:"
535:t
146:)
144:t
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