1117:
diameter. The two outer shafts were directly connected to one 5,620-shaft-horsepower (4,190 kW) diesel engine. The central shaft connected to four diesel engines, with each central engine producing 11,650 shp (8,690 kW). Their planned electricity plant is unknown. This setup was designed to give a total output of 57,000-electric-horsepower (43,000 kW) or 57,120-brake-horsepower (42,590 kW), giving them a top speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). They were to carry 533 t (525 long tons; 588 short tons) of diesel fuel, to give them a range of 5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph).
1144:
and causing her quarterdecks to hang at an angle. At this point, numerous holes and cracks had formed in the hull, causing her to flood with water and sink to the bottom. Later on, a crane from the nearby dockyard fell across her deck, above her after motor room. After the war, on 21 January 1948, the Weser Port
Salvage Authorities called for tenders to assist in her breaking up. A number of quotations were given, ranging from 130,000 to 200,000 RM (
618:. The role of the destroyer began to vary more widely as World War II progressed, with five parallel evolutions: the all-purpose destroyer (all countries), the anti-submarine destroyer (the United States and the United Kingdom), the anti-aircraft destroyer (Japan and the United Kingdom), the small destroyer (Germany and Italy), and the super-large destroyer (France).
1136:, on 21 March 1945. She had just been moved away from a fitting-out quay at the Deschimag yard, although largely incomplete: she had only her forward and after shelter decks, no machinery was installed and her shaft tunnels had been welded up to make them watertight. From this, it has been suggested that her launch was done only to clear the slip for
453:, the period between the first and second world wars, the average size of Allied ships and their armaments in almost all warship categories grew substantially. As a result of the treaty, Germany felt that her ships could not compete with those of the Allied navies and began to ignore the treaty, at first covertly, and later openly after
1090:. They would displace 2,014 tonnes (1,982 long tons; 2,220 short tons) at standard load, 2,330 t (2,290 long tons; 2,570 short tons) at design load, and 2,720 t (2,680 long tons; 3,000 short tons) at full load. They were to have a complement of 12 officers and 335 crewmembers. They were to carry one
787:
cm AA guns were considered an acceptable interim measure. Another point of consideration was the matter of the new 5.5 cm (2.2 in) Gerät 58 AA gun, which was designed for U-boats. The idea of mounting these guns on the Type 1942 destroyer class was discussed at length, although it had major
699:
The Type 1942 design was expanded to three sub-designs as it was developed: 'A', 'B', and 'C'. The original plan had a six-diesel engine, three-shaft configuration, with an armament of four 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) guns, with two superfiring on the fore and two superfiring on the aft. The design
584:
to deliver enough damage to pose a tactical issue to enemy fleets. Near the turn of the 20th century, British and German torpedo boats grew in size to the point of creating a separate line of sea-going torpedo craft, "torpedo boat destroyers", or simply destroyers, designed in part to counter torpedo
682:
of 5.52 kilograms per square centimeter (78.5 psi), and a maximum fuel demand of 185 grams per horsepower per hour (2.43 oz/kW/ks). It had a dry weight of 67 tonnes (66 long tons; 74 short tons), including auxiliary machinery, but not the oil cooler. The six engines combined would give the
1143:
During the air raid, she was hit by two bombs, although one may not have hit her directly; one struck the vicinity of the bulkhead between compartments X1 and X11, breaking off the fore-end just behind her No. 2 gun pivot. A later bomb hit her aft, fracturing the stern aft of her No. 4 gun position
669:
Six MAN type 12Z32/34 engines were ordered in 1943, but only four were completed by the end of the war in 1945. Test work on the engines was abandoned in
February 1945, due to lack of fuel. The type 12Z32/34 engine was 24-cylinder, placed in a 2 Ă— 12 configuration, had a 320-millimeter (13 in)
559:
began in 1939, meaning that very few of
Germany's heavy ships would be finished at that point. Germany's main naval opponents were France and England. Compared to the number of ships Germany had upon entry into the war (in parentheses) the two countries had combined totals of: 22 battleships (two),
844:
the second funnel. Due to this, and the huge number of earlier changes, the design still being worked upon was dubbed the 'B' sub-design. However, yet further modifications were made, by 14 February the
Shipbuilding Commission had convinced the other groups to change the design to have three twin
1116:
Their propulsion was made up of six MAN type 12Z32/34, 24-cylinder (in a 2 Ă— 12 configuration), two-stroke, 'V'-form diesel engines, which had a 320-millimeter (13 in) bore, a 440 mm (17 in) stroke motor, and were made of welded steel, which were placed on three shafts of unknown
849:
cm guns was increased to three, grouped about the aft funnel. The hull length and displacement were slightly increased, and the engine machinery was moved further back on the boat, to balance out the weight of the added turret. The propulsion system was to be divided into four motor rooms, each
593:
services. During the war, they were used as "maids of all work", fulfilling virtually every role to some degree, and, unlike capital ships, which rarely left port during the war, served in numerous operations. By the end of the war, destroyers were perceived as one of the most useful classes of
477:
from 1,100 tonnes (1,200 short tons) as planned in 1932 to 1,625 tonnes (1,791 short tons) when contracted. While these changes were made in order to allow them to overpower their French and Polish counterparts, which displaced 1,378 tonnes (1,519 short tons) and 1,540 tonnes (1,700 short tons)
782:
were raised, whereupon it was decided that it would be up to the
Shipbuilding Commission to decide if the stabilization would come with too great a weight penalty and to omit if they felt it did. Due to the severe lack of anti-aircraft defense, it was decided to replace the LM/44 2 cm
605:
measures to the destroyers, although many nations struggled to do so effectively. How destroyers were actually used varied by country. Germany did not use her destroyers to defend against submarines, hence their lack of strong anti-submarine armament. Germany relied on a massive fleet of
555:, was assured by Hitler that war would not start until at least 1945. Raeder had wanted the deadline for the completion of Plan Z to be extended to 1948, but Hitler insisted on 1945, although Hitler privately wanted to be at war with the Anglo-French alliance by 1942.
769:
abilities, due to the fact that none of the mountings were tri-axial, and indeed, only the single turret guns were even bi-axial. Additionally, the twin turrets could only elevate to 52°, and the single turrets only to 75°. Because of this, questions on the worth of
1023:
via Vulkan gearing, were replaced by only four such engines, which were coupled to the center shaft, with the wing engines being removed entirely. After 1944, Germany increasingly transmitted schematics and research for advanced science and weaponry to her ally the
560:
seven carriers (none), 22 heavy cruisers (four), 61 light cruisers (six), 255 destroyers (34), 135 submarines (57, of which less than half could actually serve in the
Atlantic or the North Sea). Due to the clear advantage her enemies had, Raeder remarked that the
656:. The motors encountered initial teething problems, which although swiftly overcome, allowed those supportive of steam engines to deny diesel propulsion any research funding in the critical building period from 1935 on. It was not until 1938 that the
481:
Due to the comparatively small number of German shipyards, compared to the
British or French, Germany adopted a policy of heavily arming her destroyers to compensate for their low numbers, so that they bore similar armament to French and Polish
792:
cm guns weighed between 6 tonnes (5.9 long tons; 6.6 short tons) and 7 t (6.9 long tons; 7.7 short tons), inclusive of directors and sights, which meant that the four 3.7 cm (1.5 in) guns could be replaced by only two
632:, as it was the first design to be given diesel propulsion. This was done because of the longer endurance offered by diesel, and likely also because diesel fuel was more readily obtainable for Nazi Germany. Between 1928 and 1935,
1018:
s design was modified heavily from the original ('A') design of the Type 1942 destroyer, and slightly modified from the final ('C') design. The original eight MAN type 12Z32/34 diesel engines, which were to drive two
660:
renewed its interest in diesel propulsion. However, the advent of World War II largely led to the suspension of research, except for the Type 1942 destroyer class, which was to use six MAN type 12Z32/34 engines.
469:, publicly denounced it in March 1935. The displacements of all German ships at the time were purposefully understated to have their official sizes comply with the treaty. At first, changes to German
473:
were made with the goal of being able to contain French and Polish destroyers, effectively making the destroyers double as small cruisers. This was exemplified by the jump in the displacement of the
486:. Several negative consequences resulted from this, such as making them slower and overweight. Although German heavy destroyers matched British light cruisers in armament, they were much less
1101:
Their armament was to be four 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) quick firing guns, with 720 rounds of ammunition, and a range of 17.4 km (10.8 mi); eight 3.7 cm (1.5 in)
1152:, for 132,000 RM and eight months of work. Her breaking up was finished in February 1949. Her four diesel engines were never installed due to the war and were left on MAN's testbeds in
845:
main guns. This design dubbed the 'C' sub-design, had two LM/41 twin turrets placed forward, and one aft, all of which were controlled by radar-equipped directors. The number of 5.5
614:
instead. British destroyers were built for escorting fleets, defending them from enemy aircraft and sinking submarines. German destroyers were built to escort fleets, or act as
601:
ships to defend their fleets from those of an enemy, to attack an enemy's screening ships, and to defend their fleet from submarines. There was an increased desire to introduce
730:), the commander of destroyer development and deployment, demanded that the fore single superfiring turret be removed, in order to reduce the length, improve speed, and reduce
1028:
using submarines, as they were the only method of transportation available to
Germany that could hope to reach Japan. One such transportation was attempted by
1941:
1105:, with 16,000 rounds; twelve 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft guns, with 24,000 rounds of ammunition; two triple 53.3 cm (21.0 in)
1039:
jet fighters with schematics to build them, and the designs for the Type 1942 destroyer class. However, Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945, before
585:
boats themselves. Experience in World War I showed that destroyers very rarely engaged capital ships, but more often fought other destroyers and
1922:
1903:
1884:
1865:
1846:
1820:
1777:
1754:
1716:
1697:
1678:
1659:
1946:
410:
and was sunk in an air raid on 21 March 1945. Germany attempted to communicate the plans for the Type 1942 destroyer to its ally the
1735:
1165:
572:
The function of the destroyer was defined by its evolution: around the 1870s, nations that could not directly threaten the
British
750:
dropped their demand for the fore single turret to be removed, after being informed that the speed loss due to it was marginal.
478:
respectively, later it was necessary that these destroyers be able to match
British destroyers, a much more difficult goal.
722:
674:, fast-running, double-acting, two-stroke, diesel engine made of welded steel. It had a maximum of 600 revs per minute, a
836:
Another conference was held on 9 February 1944, to discuss the weight and trim of the design. It was decided that the
651:
1140:
building. She was lying abandoned, with her portside to the eastern end of Kohlenhafen, alongside Röchling wharf.
518:
597:
During World War II, destroyers served essentially the three basic functions they had in World War I: to act as
1164:. One surviving engine was retained by MAN and displayed in its company museum until it was transferred to the
783:(0.79 in) twin mounted AA guns with 3 cm (1.2 in) twin mount AA guns if possible, although the 2
679:
1091:
297:
754:
1769:
1157:
1029:
779:
645:
590:
415:
390:. The Type 1942 destroyer class went through a long period of development, including four total designs.
1161:
1083:
766:
602:
184:
123:
743:
644:
diesel motor, which met German navy specifications. The motors were then tested on the German cruiser
537:. These ships were to form two battle fleets: a "Home Fleet" to tie down the British war fleet in the
1148:), and from four to 13 months' duration. Eventually, a contract was placed on 17 February 1948, with
1071:
1036:
626:
The Type 1942 destroyer class marked a major change from previous destroyer concepts produced by the
598:
474:
442:
64:
1951:
1044:
775:
491:
446:
248:
684:
738:
cm guns be able to elevate up to 75°. However, on 22 January 1944, after a meeting between the
1918:
1899:
1880:
1861:
1842:
1830:
1816:
1799:
1773:
1750:
1731:
1712:
1693:
1674:
1655:
1102:
678:
of 8.8 meters per second (29 ft/s), maximum output of 12,000 horsepower (8,900 kW),
510:
383:
1132:
on 25 November 1942, and launched on 2 October 1944. She was sunk during a major air raid on
1059:
758:
731:
333:
326:
146:
1201:
was particularly keen on developing a longer-range destroyer to compensate for its lack of
386:
fuel, which would have given it a longer range and readier access to refueling compared to
1025:
450:
411:
825:
cm guns would be allowed on a temporary basis. It was also decided that the remaining 3.7
1035:, carrying the material and designs for advanced weaponry, involving new torpedoes, two
1063:
771:
526:
522:
514:
259:
252:
226:
153:
1935:
1202:
1106:
1095:
1079:
637:
615:
607:
487:
483:
343:
303:
273:
177:
116:
1075:
837:
675:
628:
577:
556:
551:
546:
505:
was a German naval rearmament plan that started in 1939, and involved building ten
466:
454:
374:
54:
1787:
797:
cm guns. Another issue raised was that room would have to be made for the new 5.5
564:
could not hope to win, and thus the only course for them was to "die valiantly".
1020:
717:
705:
506:
438:
395:
244:
850:
containing two diesel motors (although only four were actually placed in Z51).
1145:
1110:
840:
placement would follow that of its predecessors, with one set forward and one
641:
611:
573:
534:
530:
369:
350:
223:
205:
1149:
1129:
1087:
700:
attracted much criticism, thus a new sketch was drawn, 'A', with a twin 12.7
586:
538:
470:
366:
277:
191:
130:
103:
44:
1803:
589:; because of this, destroyers were partially re-focused towards escort and
460:
1838:
1169:
1153:
671:
387:
209:
1067:
688:
581:
542:
399:
1813:
The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
1137:
1133:
633:
502:
407:
403:
1709:
German Light Cruisers of World War II: Warships of the Kriegsmarine
841:
720:
over both. This design also drew criticism. By December 1943, the
420:, however Germany surrendered before the submarine reached Japan.
398:
on 2 October 1944, far before being finished, likely to clear her
1188:
The range would have greatly increased at a lower cruising speed.
1058:
The Type 1942 destroyers were to be 108.0 meters (354.3 ft)
1043:
could reach its target, and she therefore surrendered herself to
281:
709:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1673:. Vol. I. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1896:
Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
1321:
1319:
670:
bore, a 440 mm (17 in) stroke motor, and was a
1747:
The War for the Seas: A Maritime History of World War II
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1513:
1511:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1413:
1411:
761:
gun design of the time. It was pointed out that the 12.7
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1197:
Diesel propulsion gave the ship an extended range. The
339:
12 x 2-centimeter (0.8 in) AA guns (24,000 rounds)
1569:
1567:
884:
4 Ă— 12.7 cm single naval guns, 2 forward, 2 aft
968:
cm triple tubes, before and abaft the second funnel
734:
weight. They also mandated that the aft single 12.7
1711:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Seaforth Publishing.
1688:Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2003).
1671:German Warships: 1815–1945, Major Surface Warships
129:2,720 tonnes (2,680 long tons; 3,000 short tons) (
122:2,330 tonnes (2,290 long tons; 2,570 short tons) (
115:2,014 tonnes (1,982 long tons; 2,220 short tons) (
1749:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
833:cm guns, in order to simplify ammunition supply.
809:cm guns would be removed to make room for two 5.5
541:, and a "Raiding Fleet" to wage war upon British
683:Type 1942 destroyer class a range to match the
449:of warships that she could possess. During the
445:, which put strict limits both on the size and
1917:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1898:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1692:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1654:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1634:
1074:of 6.5 m (21 ft). They would have a
1007:Only one ship of the type was ever laid down,
1877:Destroyer!: German Destroyers in World War II
1788:"New Museum Home for Mint MAN Warship Engine"
1707:Koop, Gerhard; Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2014).
1652:The Japanese Submarine Force and World War II
1128:was ordered from the German shipyard company
801:guns. It was decided that the aft single 12.7
8:
1458:
1446:
1429:
1402:
1274:
1229:
813:cm guns, although it was noted that the 12.7
610:that had been requisitioned and refitted as
458:
406:construction. She was left floating outside
1858:Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence
1766:War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II
1585:
1558:
1050:, in the western Atlantic, on 14 May 1945.
912:cm single naval guns, one forward, one aft
788:issues. One such issue was that the new 5.5
894:cm triple tubes, in unspecified locations
817:cm guns would likely arrive before the 5.5
378:. She was the only destroyer built by the
342:2 x triple 53.3-centimeter (21.0 in)
983:cm twin naval guns, two forward, one aft
976:Eight Ă— MAN type 12Z32/34 diesel engines
580:, small and agile ships which used their
284:) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)
1262:
963:
945:
937:cm twin naval guns, one forward, one aft
932:
906:cm twin naval guns, one forward, one aft
889:
880:
857:
1728:German Warships of the Second World War
1546:
1534:
1517:
1502:
1479:
1417:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1298:
1286:
1250:
1222:
1181:
1109:, with 18 rounds of ammunition; and 50
881:Six Ă— MAN type 12Z32/34 diesel engines
757:was also discussed, as it was the best
1860:. Lanham, Maryland.: Scarecrow Press.
1622:
1610:
1349:
1325:
1310:
258:19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) (
20:
1650:Boyd, Carl; Yoshida, Akihiko (2012).
1337:
424:was broken up between 1948 and 1949.
394:was ordered on 25 November 1942, and
7:
1835:World War II At Sea: An Encyclopedia
1573:
1086:, and 4.37 m (14.3 ft) at
365:was the only ship of the Type 1942
1942:World War II destroyers of Germany
1915:German Destroyers of World War Two
1798:. London: Temple Press: 36. 1982.
325:4 x 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in)
14:
1690:German Destroyers of World War II
1078:of 3.72 m (12.2 ft) at
1070:of 11 m (36 ft), and a
1062:, and 114.3 m (375 ft)
829:cm AA guns would be replaced by 3
332:8 x 3.7-centimeter (1.5 in)
1730:. London: Macdonald and Jane's.
1150:Deutsches Dampfschiffahrts Hansa
1082:, 3.98 m (13.1 ft) at
753:At the same conference, the new
1156:. Two were later seized by the
329:guns (720 rounds of ammunition)
765:cm KM/41 had a severe lack of
1:
1837:. Santa Barbara, California:
971:
959:
943:cm single naval gun, forward
928:
897:
876:
985:
978:
975:
914:
901:
886:
883:
315:12 officers and 335 enlisted
190:4.37 meters (14.3 ft) (
183:3.98 meters (13.1 ft) (
176:3.72 meters (12.2 ft) (
152:114.3 meters (375 ft) (
1879:. London: Arms and Armour.
1066:. Their design gave them a
549:, the Grand Admiral of the
1968:
859:
821:cm guns, and thus the 12.7
145:108 meters (354 ft) (
1947:Proposed ships of Germany
1815:. London: Penguin Books.
1166:Auto & Technik Museum
680:medium effective pressure
94:
27:
23:
1459:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1447:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1430:Koop & Schmolke 2014
1403:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1275:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1230:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1913:Whitley, M. J. (1991).
1894:Whitley, M. J. (1988).
1875:Whitley, M. J. (1983).
1770:Oxford University Press
1764:Miller, Nathan (1997).
1745:Mawdsley, Evan (2019).
1586:Boyd & Yoshida 2012
1559:Boyd & Yoshida 2012
755:12.7 cm KM/41 naval gun
95:General characteristics
1726:Lenton, H. T. (1976).
1669:Gröner, Erich (1990).
1549:, p. 48 & 49.
650:and the training ship
459:
166:11 meters (36 ft)
1162:occupation of Germany
1121:Construction and loss
805:cm gun and two twin 2
437:Following the end of
1856:West, Nigel (2010).
1811:Tooze, Adam (2008).
1037:Messerschmitt Me 262
723:Führer der Zerstörer
712:, with a single 12.7
475:Type 1934 destroyers
443:Treaty of Versailles
336:guns (16,000 rounds)
289:Boats & landing
65:Type 1936C destroyer
1635:The Motor Ship 1982
1160:during the postwar
576:began to invest in
441:Germany signed the
414:using a submarine,
206:electric horsepower
36:Type 1942 destroyer
1831:Tucker, Spencer C.
1103:anti-aircraft guns
685:pocket battleships
568:Destroyer function
519:pocket battleships
1924:978-1-55750-302-2
1905:978-0-87021-326-7
1886:978-0-85368-258-5
1867:978-0-81086-760-4
1848:978-1-59884-457-3
1822:978-0-14-311320-1
1779:978-0-19-511038-8
1756:978-0-300-24875-3
1718:978-1-4738-5018-7
1699:978-1-59114-307-9
1680:978-0-87021-790-6
1661:978-1-61251-206-8
1505:, pp. 41–42.
1461:, pp. 21–22.
1289:, pp. 56–57.
1060:long at waterline
1030:German submarine
1000:
999:
744:Naval Group North
704:cm turret on the
511:aircraft carriers
358:
357:
222:6 x 24-cylinder,
1959:
1928:
1909:
1890:
1871:
1852:
1826:
1807:
1783:
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1722:
1703:
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1427:
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1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1364:, pp. 1–12.
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1328:, p. xxvii.
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828:
824:
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737:
715:
703:
464:
21:
1967:
1966:
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1932:
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1409:
1401:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1123:
1056:
1054:Characteristics
1026:Empire of Japan
1015:
1005:
993:
991:
987:
980:
965:
953:
951:
947:
940:
938:
934:
922:
920:
916:
909:
907:
903:
891:
870:Other armament
856:
846:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
784:
762:
735:
713:
701:
697:
667:
636:built a light,
624:
570:
500:
494:was inferior.
451:Interwar period
435:
430:
412:Empire of Japan
290:
201:Installed power
17:
12:
11:
5:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1910:
1904:
1891:
1885:
1872:
1866:
1853:
1847:
1827:
1821:
1808:
1792:The Motor Ship
1784:
1778:
1761:
1755:
1742:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1704:
1698:
1685:
1679:
1666:
1660:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1613:, p. 210.
1590:
1588:, p. 165.
1578:
1576:, p. 313.
1563:
1561:, p. 162.
1551:
1539:
1522:
1507:
1484:
1463:
1451:
1434:
1422:
1407:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1340:, p. 289.
1330:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1234:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:light cruisers
1190:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1122:
1119:
1096:torpedo cutter
1055:
1052:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
984:
977:
974:
970:
969:
962:
958:
957:
944:
931:
927:
926:
913:
900:
896:
895:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
873:Torpedo tubes
871:
868:
867:Main armament
865:
862:
855:
852:
696:
693:
666:
665:Diesel engines
663:
623:
620:
591:anti-submarine
569:
566:
529:, sixty-eight
527:light cruisers
523:heavy cruisers
515:battlecruisers
499:
496:
484:light cruisers
434:
431:
429:
426:
372:built for the
356:
355:
354:
353:
347:
340:
337:
330:
321:
317:
316:
313:
309:
308:
307:
306:
304:Torpedo cutter
300:
292:
286:
285:
274:nautical miles
270:
266:
265:
264:
263:
260:cruising speed
256:
239:
235:
234:
233:
232:
229:
227:diesel engines
218:
214:
213:
202:
198:
197:
196:
195:
188:
181:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
158:
157:
150:
141:
137:
136:
135:
134:
127:
120:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
28:Class overview
25:
24:
16:Destroyer ship
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1964:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1737:0-356-04661-3
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1625:, p. 80.
1624:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1537:, p. 49.
1536:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1520:, p. 42.
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1482:, p. 41.
1481:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1449:, p. 21.
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:, p. 12.
1431:
1426:
1423:
1420:, p. 40.
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:, p. 22.
1404:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:, p. 13.
1387:
1382:
1379:
1376:, p. 12.
1375:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1352:, p. 34.
1351:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1313:, p. 33.
1312:
1307:
1304:
1301:, p. 57.
1300:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1277:, p. 13.
1276:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:Mawdsley 2019
1259:
1256:
1253:, p. 56.
1252:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1232:, p. 23.
1231:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:torpedo tubes
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:motor pinnace
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:standard load
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
972:
960:
929:
898:
877:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
853:
851:
843:
839:
834:
781:
777:
773:
772:stabilization
768:
767:anti-aircraft
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
711:
707:
694:
692:
690:
686:
681:
677:
673:
664:
662:
659:
655:
654:
649:
648:
643:
639:
638:double acting
635:
631:
630:
621:
619:
617:
616:torpedo boats
613:
609:
604:
603:anti-aircraft
600:
595:
592:
588:
583:
579:
578:torpedo boats
575:
567:
565:
563:
558:
554:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:, forty-four
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
479:
476:
472:
468:
463:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
432:
427:
425:
423:
419:
418:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
368:
364:
363:
352:
348:
345:
344:torpedo tubes
341:
338:
335:
331:
328:
324:
323:
322:
319:
318:
314:
311:
310:
305:
301:
299:
298:Motor pinnace
295:
294:
293:
291:craft carried
288:
287:
283:
280:; 6,300
279:
276:(10,200
275:
271:
268:
267:
261:
257:
255:) (top speed)
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
230:
228:
225:
221:
220:
219:
216:
215:
211:
208:(43,000
207:
203:
200:
199:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
178:standard load
175:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
155:
151:
148:
144:
143:
142:
139:
138:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
117:standard load
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
56:
53:
50:
49:
46:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
31:
26:
22:
19:
1914:
1895:
1876:
1857:
1834:
1812:
1795:
1791:
1768:. New York:
1765:
1746:
1727:
1708:
1689:
1670:
1651:
1630:
1618:
1581:
1554:
1547:Whitley 1983
1542:
1535:Whitley 1983
1518:Whitley 1991
1503:Whitley 1991
1480:Whitley 1991
1454:
1425:
1418:Whitley 1991
1386:Whitley 1988
1381:
1374:Whitley 1988
1369:
1362:Whitley 1988
1357:
1345:
1333:
1306:
1299:Whitley 1988
1294:
1287:Whitley 1988
1282:
1270:
1265:, p. 8.
1258:
1251:Whitley 1988
1225:
1199:Kriegsmarine
1198:
1193:
1184:
1142:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1100:
1064:long overall
1057:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1012:
1008:
1006:
838:torpedo tube
835:
780:rangefinders
759:quick-firing
752:
747:
739:
727:
721:
698:
676:piston speed
668:
658:Kriegsmarine
657:
652:
646:
634:MAN Augsburg
629:Kriegsmarine
627:
625:
596:
571:
562:Kriegsmarine
561:
557:World War II
552:Kriegsmarine
550:
547:Erich Raeder
501:
492:fire control
480:
467:Nazi Germany
465:(leader) of
455:Adolf Hitler
447:displacement
436:
421:
416:
391:
380:Kriegsmarine
379:
375:Kriegsmarine
373:
361:
360:
359:
110:Displacement
55:Kriegsmarine
18:
1644:Works cited
1623:Lenton 1976
1611:Gröner 1990
1350:Miller 1997
1326:Tucker 2011
1311:Miller 1997
1084:design load
996:cm AA guns
956:cm AA guns
925:cm AA guns
864:Propulsion
718:superfiring
695:Sub-designs
622:Development
507:battleships
439:World War I
433:Interbellum
346:(18 rounds)
185:design load
124:design load
61:Preceded by
1952:1944 ships
1936:Categories
1338:Tooze 2008
1213:References
1146:Reichsmark
990:cm AA guns
950:cm AA guns
930:Later 'A'
919:cm AA guns
716:cm turret
642:two-stroke
612:minelayers
587:submarines
574:Royal Navy
535:submarines
533:, and 249
531:destroyers
490:and their
471:destroyers
428:Background
312:Complement
251:; 41
231:3 x shafts
224:two-stroke
217:Propulsion
1574:West 2010
1218:Citations
1172:in 1982.
1130:Deschimag
1088:full load
1072:freeboard
776:directors
599:screening
582:torpedoes
539:North Sea
513:, twelve
488:seaworthy
367:destroyer
247:(67
192:full load
147:waterline
131:full load
104:Destroyer
74:1943–1944
51:Operators
45:Deschimag
1839:ABC-CLIO
1833:(2011).
1170:Sinsheim
1154:Augsburg
1094:and one
979:3 Ă— 12.7
964:2 Ă— 53.3
939:1 Ă— 12.7
933:2 Ă— 12.7
908:2 Ă— 12.7
902:2 Ă— 12.7
890:2 Ă— 53.3
887:Unknown
878:Initial
774:for the
672:'V' form
608:trawlers
517:, three
396:launched
388:fuel oil
320:Armament
41:Builders
1841:, LLC.
1804:1589262
1076:draught
1068:breadth
986:3 Ă— 5.5
946:2 Ă— 5.5
915:8 Ă— 3.7
861:Design
854:Designs
689:U-boats
647:Leipzig
594:ships.
543:convoys
521:, five
509:, four
400:slipway
382:to use
204:57,000
171:Draught
154:overall
82:Unknown
79:Planned
1921:
1902:
1883:
1864:
1845:
1819:
1802:
1776:
1753:
1734:
1715:
1696:
1677:
1658:
1158:Allies
1138:U-boat
1134:Bremen
1047:Sutton
1021:shafts
994:
992:12 Ă— 3
988:
981:
966:
954:
952:12 Ă— 3
948:
941:
935:
923:
921:12 x 2
917:
910:
904:
892:
847:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
785:
763:
746:, the
736:
714:
702:
653:Bremse
503:Plan Z
498:Plan Z
461:FĂĽhrer
457:, the
408:Bremen
404:U-boat
384:diesel
272:5,500
140:Length
1176:Notes
1111:mines
1041:U-234
1032:U-234
1016:'
842:abaft
417:U-234
370:class
351:mines
269:Range
245:knots
238:Speed
71:Built
1919:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1800:OCLC
1774:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1045:USS
973:'C'
961:'B'
899:'A'
778:and
742:and
708:and
706:fore
687:and
402:for
302:1 x
296:1 x
249:km/h
163:Beam
100:Type
87:Lost
33:Name
1168:in
1126:Z51
1013:Z51
1009:Z51
1003:Z51
793:5.5
748:FdZ
740:FdZ
732:bow
728:FdZ
710:aft
422:Z51
392:Z51
362:Z51
349:50
253:mph
243:36
1938::
1796:63
1794:.
1790:.
1772:.
1593:^
1566:^
1525:^
1510:^
1487:^
1466:^
1437:^
1410:^
1393:^
1318:^
1237:^
1113:.
1098:.
1011:.
691:.
640:,
545:.
334:AA
327:QF
282:mi
278:km
210:kW
1927:.
1908:.
1889:.
1870:.
1851:.
1825:.
1806:.
1782:.
1759:.
1740:.
1721:.
1702:.
1683:.
1664:.
1637:.
1205:.
726:(
262:)
212:)
194:)
187:)
180:)
156:)
149:)
133:)
126:)
119:)
90:1
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