615:
602:
592:
418:
403:
151:
181:
38:
704:
2147:
166:
1875:
4624:
1861:
388:
575:
567:
559:
518:
510:
502:
352:
344:
336:
291:
283:
275:
112:
98:
4005:
that placed the region under the direct control of the cabinet through a presidential decree, furtherly weakening Weimar democracy. On 9 August, another presidential decree drastically streamlined the judicial process in death penalty cases while limiting the right of appeal. New special courts were
2119:
The Nazis and KPD held over half of the seats in the
Reichstag, making it impossible to form a government composed of moderates. Papen could only rely on the support of the DNVP and DVP, who only held a total of 44 seats. A vote of no confidence was put forward by the KPD and supported by 84% of the
2035:
was placed in charge of the Nazi's propaganda and campaign in 1930. Goebbels' staff was expanded and his role formalized by the Reich
Propaganda Directorate (RPL) in 1931. In prior elections the Nazis relied on membership dues, but started receiving financial support from businesses in 1932. The ban
2115:
The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party and it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, though it lacked an overall majority. The party's 230 of the 608 seats was the largest seat total for a party in Weimar history. The Nazi vote in Berlin, which was 1.5% in
2014:". Papen's cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag. Only three days after his appointment, he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately.
4000:
Papen's austerity measures were deeply unpopular with the general population, but were generally supported by
Germany's elites. The government started to implement openly authoritarian measures: on 20 July 1932, the SPD-led coalition government in Prussia was
2005:
on the other. Hitler received around a third of the vote and was defeated in the second round in April by
Hindenburg, who won a narrow majority. However, at the end of May 1932, Hindenburg was persuaded to dismiss Brüning as chancellor and replaced him with
1964:; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932, while industrial production dropped by around 42%. Over 6 million people were unemployed in 1932, and 40% of organized labour was unemployed or working reduced hours in summer 1932.
1951:
increased their vote share as well. All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the
Reichstag, meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties.
2092:. The DNVP and DVP supported the decision. Goebbels told regional leaders to not discuss Papen on 4 June, but the RPL later stated that the Nazis "refuse most strenuously to be associated with this cabinet". The
2099:
The Centre accused the Nazis of being a pagan movement while the Nazis accused the Centre of working with anti-religious organizations that were equal to organizations persecuting
Christians in the
5127:
1994:
produced a highly fragmented
Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. The elections also saw the Nazi Party rise to national prominence, gaining 95 seats.
4013:
called a press conference to announce plans for a new constitution that would, in effect, turn
Germany into a dictatorship. On 12 September, the Reichstag overwhelmingly passed a
1997:
Brüning's policies, implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament, failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system. In March 1932, the
2464:
2022:
Nazi membership rose from 293,000 in
September 1930, to almost 1.5 million by the end of 1932. The amount of papers controlled by the party rose from 49 in 1930, to 127 by 1932.
960:
5003:
5018:
5013:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4782:
4777:
1843:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1427:
1422:
1833:
2084:
Papen hoped that the election would weaken the left and centre. On 20 July, he dissolved the Social
Democratic government of Prussia and instituted martial law after
5079:
5074:
5084:
4993:
1915:
715:
5034:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
2081:. The party's paramilitary groups were consolidated into the Bismarck League in the hope that it could combat the SA. The DNVP supported Papen's government.
1936:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
5104:
4772:
4647:
4590:
1417:
1292:
1017:
4612:
2104:
5148:
4652:
2130:
attempted to form a coalition between the Nazis and Centre. The Nazis did not obstruct parliamentary procedure and in return the Centre voted to make
1297:
2001:
began as a three-way race between the incumbent Hindenburg, supported by pro-democratic parties, against Hitler on the one hand and the Communist
727:
5099:
4544:
2488:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
938:
5153:
4762:
4742:
4460:
4433:
4406:
4379:
4349:
4322:
4295:
4268:
4018:
2121:
1818:
1782:
1407:
1387:
69:
4899:
1976:
1746:
1132:
5069:
5049:
5008:
1097:
2368:
1751:
2536:
2134:
981:
5158:
5109:
4767:
4488:
2200:
1968:
1673:
1668:
1412:
800:
763:
228:
1947:
made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The
783:
5163:
5122:
5089:
4998:
4912:
4907:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4535:
2100:
1998:
1908:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1068:
2272:
2068:
664:
645:
457:
5059:
5039:
4737:
1827:
1678:
1628:
1382:
867:
5094:
5054:
5044:
4922:
4581:
4002:
5117:
5064:
4605:
4573:
4519:
4496:
1777:
1698:
872:
788:
1176:
1171:
1166:
3970:
1761:
1736:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4752:
4747:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4642:
2078:
2060:
1991:
1901:
1888:
1805:
1717:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1397:
1392:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1112:
1043:
1003:
920:
52:
1756:
1741:
614:
4657:
2560:
1940:
1302:
1092:
601:
83:
4450:
4105:
4511:
2296:
2224:
2093:
1948:
1107:
1008:
809:
462:
233:
591:
5168:
4598:
1158:
1059:
1050:
387:
4339:
2392:
1693:
1663:
933:
842:
660:
641:
3987:
agreement was struck between Papen and the Nazis, allowing the Chancellor to remain in power and continue his
2826:
Gerechtigkeitsbewegung für Parteienverbot – gegen Lohn-, Gehalts- und Rentenkürzungen – für Arbeitsbeschaffung
2416:
2320:
2064:
2024:
2096:(KPD) criticized Papen's actions as a "naked fascist coup", but also criticized the SPD for not retaliating.
4014:
2512:
1823:
1643:
759:
732:
1703:
889:
4985:
2248:
1972:
1102:
821:
452:
3984:
1838:
1809:
1688:
1648:
896:
3983:
Since it was now impossible to rule without the support of either the NSDAP or the KPD, an unofficial
4628:
2085:
1928:
1683:
1184:
1083:
1034:
968:
953:
948:
943:
911:
880:
751:
607:
2936:
Höchstgehalt der Beamten 5000 M. Für die Arbeitslosen und bis jetzt abgewiesenen Kriegsbeschädigten
2440:
2044:
was lifted by Papen, against the pleas of state governments, in exchange for Nazi tolerance of his
1987:
1983:
1979:
1653:
1633:
689:
402:
17:
4556:
2344:
2137:. Strasser opposed calling for a new election, fearing that support for the Nazis would decline.
2056:
2052:
1638:
830:
417:
2870:
Deutsche Einheitspartei für wahre Volkswirtschaft, Unterstützungsempfänger- Partei Deutschlands
4515:
4492:
4456:
4429:
4402:
4375:
4345:
4318:
4291:
4264:
2131:
2011:
2002:
1658:
991:
213:
150:
4577:
4548:
4452:
The Coming of the Third Reich: How the Nazis Destroyed Democracy and Seized Power in Germany
4010:
2074:
1961:
1027:
437:
116:
4480:
4109:
2127:
2089:
2032:
2007:
1932:
1879:
1787:
204:
180:
4071:
703:
4030:
3993:
3988:
2146:
2037:
1865:
835:
3649:
2063:. The DSP unsuccessfully attempted to form an alliance with the SPD and Centre or the
1874:
5142:
2045:
2041:
817:
656:
637:
442:
4258:
3673:
195:
165:
4423:
4396:
4369:
4312:
4285:
2077:
attempted to make the DNVP a mass movement party following poor results in the
796:
432:
3134:
Bund Bayerisches Handwerk und Gewerbe, Haus- und Grundbesitz und Landwirtschaft
1967:
In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican parties—the
2176:
2116:
1928, doubled from 15% to 29%, becoming the most voted-for party in the city.
1944:
223:
208:
861:
200:
4102:
2980:
Liste gegen Kürzung der Invaliden-, Sozial- und Kriegsbeschädigtenrenten
4623:
4560:
4530:
4485:
The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933
3310:
Kampfgemeinschaft für Handwerk, Gewerbe, Hausbesitz und Landwirtschaft
1990:, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. The
3683:
4552:
3112:
Der ernste evangelisch-lutherische Christ (Gerechtigkeits-Bewegung)
2606:
Worker and Farmer Party of Germany/Christian Radical People's Front
3420:
Kampfbund der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten und Auslandsgeschädigten
2716:
Interessengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschädigten
2029:
s circulation rose from 26,000 in 1929, to over 100,000 in 1931.
3178:
Kampfgemeinschaft der Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschädigten
4594:
2584:
Kleinrentner, Inflationsgeschädigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer
3244:
Freiheitliche National-Soziale Deutsche Mittelstandsbewegung
2782:
Kriegsteilnehmer, Kriegsbeschädigte und Kriegshinterbliebene
702:
3354:
Freiwirtschaftsbewegung für Freiland, Freigeld, Festwährung
4072:
The Holocaust Chronicle – Prologue: Roots of the Holocaust
2738:
National Socialist People's Alliance for Truth and Justice
4120:
4118:
4082:
4080:
2010:, a renegade from the Centre Party, and a non-partisan "
4048:
4046:
3332:
General Social-National Unity Worker Party of Germany
2067:(DVP). The DSP was able to form an alliance with the
4009:
On 11 August, Papen and his Interior Minister Baron
4984:
4921:
4898:
4635:
3200:
Nationale Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschädigte
105:
91:
80:
4531:"The German Reichstag Elections of July 31, 1932"
3464:Kampfgemeinschaft der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten
3991:. In exchange, Papen lifted the ban on the Nazi
3288:National-soziale Partei gegen die Hauszinssteuer
1960:Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the
628:
4263:. Internet Archive. Addison-Wesley. p. 8.
4344:. Harvard University Press. pp. 241–243.
4606:
3156:Schicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen
1909:
8:
4097:
4095:
29:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
2120:deputies. A new election was scheduled for
4613:
4599:
4591:
3661:
3222:Party of the Unemployed for Work and Bread
2139:
1916:
1902:
676:
28:
4017:against the cabinet in a 512–42 vote and
2760:Handwerker, Handels- und Gewerbetreibende
4570:The History of the Nazi Party: 1919-1933
4374:. Oxford University Press. p. 254.
4317:. Oxford University Press. p. 250.
4290:. Oxford University Press. p. 248.
4232:
4220:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4136:
4124:
4086:
2694:Workers' and Farmers' Struggle Community
1185:Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)
4455:. Penguin Books Ltd. pp. 297–298.
4042:
3967:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3594:
3590:
3570:
3398:Nationaler Bürger- und Wirtschaftsblock
688:
682:This article is part of a series on the
5032:See also: Elections and referendums in
4545:American Political Science Association
4401:. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 381.
4052:
3968:
2393:Reich Party of the German Middle Class
4428:. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 372.
4363:
4361:
4244:
4103:Jacob G. How Hitler became a Dictator
3658:Nazi Party vote share by constituency
3634:
3621:
3608:
3595:
2153:
7:
4629:Elections and referendums in Germany
1975:and both liberal parties—collapsed.
2489:Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
363:
126:
4489:University of North Carolina Press
2958:German Socialist Struggle Movement
2650:Farmers, House and Property Owners
25:
18:German federal election, July 1932
4536:American Political Science Review
3266:National Freedom Party of Germany
2369:Christian Social People's Service
596:Results by electoral constituency
30:July 1932 German federal election
5149:Elections in the Weimar Republic
4622:
2145:
2055:(DSP) saw its membership in the
1873:
1859:
613:
600:
590:
574:
573:
566:
565:
558:
557:
517:
516:
509:
508:
501:
500:
416:
401:
386:
351:
350:
343:
342:
335:
334:
290:
289:
282:
281:
274:
273:
179:
164:
149:
111:
110:
97:
96:
36:
3090:Schlesiens Handwerk und Gewerbe
1986:, headed by the Centre Party's
1935:on 31 July 1932, following the
87:305 seats needed for a majority
4574:University of Pittsburgh Press
3530:German Social Monarchist Party
3508:Mieter- und Volks-Reichspartei
3024:Kampfbund gegen Hauszinssteuer
2273:German National People's Party
2088:between Nazis and leftists in
2069:German National People's Party
1778:Politics of the European Union
1:
4260:Hitler's thirty days to power
4003:overthrown in an illegal coup
3486:Unitarianist Union of Germany
2628:Free Economy Party of Germany
608:district and independent city
5154:Federal elections in Germany
3068:Schmalix Greater German List
2059:fall from 28 to 2 after the
1729:Foreign relations by country
921:Federal Constitutional Court
728:Federal Constitutional Court
4257:Henry Ashby Turner (1996).
1133:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
5185:
4512:Princeton University Press
4506:Hamilton, Richard (1982).
4449:Evans, Richard J. (2012).
4021:was called by Hindenburg.
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3682:
3672:
2225:Communist Party of Germany
2135:president of the Reichstag
810:Vice Chancellor of Germany
633:Government before election
5159:1932 elections in Germany
5027:
4425:Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris
4398:Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris
4368:Longerich, Peter (2019).
4311:Longerich, Peter (2019).
4284:Longerich, Peter (2019).
3647:
3643:
3635:Registered voters/turnout
3630:
3617:
3604:
3591:
3571:
3046:German People's Community
2848:German Free Economy Party
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2144:
1051:Collective municipality (
652:Government after election
626:
586:
359:
123:
46:
34:
5164:1932 elections in Europe
4568:Orlow, Dietrich (1969).
4108:18 February 2008 at the
3797:South Hanover-Brunwsick
2914:Partei der Unzufriedenen
1992:September 1930 elections
1614:State and local politics
1159:East Germany (1949–1960)
4636:Parliamentary elections
4529:Kerwin, Jerome (1932).
4338:Schulze, Hagen (1998).
4015:motion of no confidence
2804:Enteigneter Mittelstand
2513:German-Hanoverian Party
2297:Bavarian People's Party
2201:Social Democratic Party
1969:Social Democratic Party
1770:International Relations
760:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
5080:North Rhine-Westphalia
5075:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
4900:Presidential elections
4341:Germany: A New History
3709:Frankfurt on the Oder
2537:People's Justice Party
1999:presidential elections
1674:North Rhine-Westphalia
1669:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1284:Parliamentary election
1125:Presidential elections
707:
619:Results for each party
58:31 July 1932
5123:Free State of Prussia
4508:Who Voted for Hitler?
4422:Kershaw, Ian (1999).
4395:Kershaw, Ian (1999).
3985:confidence and supply
3861:Upper Bavaria-Swabia
3376:German Workers' Party
2465:German Country People
2417:German Farmers' Party
2321:German People's Party
2065:German People's Party
2025:Völkischer Beobachter
1937:premature dissolution
1828:Agrarian Conservatism
898:Gemeinsamer Ausschuss
891:Vermittlungsausschuss
784:Chancellor of Germany
706:
82:All 608 seats in the
5085:Rhineland-Palatinate
2672:Radical Middle Class
1800:Political ideologies
1679:Rhineland-Palatinate
1113:Federal Convention (
752:President of Germany
4247:, pp. 278–286.
4211:, pp. 248–249.
4187:, pp. 206–207.
4175:, pp. 204–206.
4163:, pp. 202–203.
3773:Schleswig-Holstein
3609:Invalid/blank votes
3552:German Reform Party
2441:Agricultural League
2141:
2061:1932 state election
1984:minority government
1980:Paul von Hindenburg
1880:Politics portal
469:Last election
240:Last election
31:
5105:Schleswig-Holstein
4923:European elections
2345:German State Party
2140:
2057:Landtag of Prussia
2053:German State Party
1866:Germany portal
1699:Schleswig-Holstein
1544:European elections
1009:State Parliament (
1004:Minister president
708:
526:Popular vote
299:Popular vote
70:November 1932
5136:
5135:
5035:Baden-Württemberg
4462:978-0-7181-9680-6
4435:978-0-393-32035-0
4408:978-0-393-32035-0
4381:978-0-19-879609-1
4351:978-0-674-80688-7
4324:978-0-19-879609-1
4297:978-0-19-879609-1
4270:978-0-201-40714-3
4235:, pp. 74–76.
3976:
3975:
3933:Hessen-Darmstadt
3909:Chemnitz-Zwickau
3813:South Westphalia
3805:North Westphalia
3655:
3654:
2012:Cabinet of Barons
1929:Federal elections
1926:
1925:
1806:Political culture
1719:Foreign relations
1629:Baden-Württemberg
1115:Bundesversammlung
1098:Political parties
693:
675:
674:
671:
670:
582:
581:
497:Seat change
270:Seat change
246:24.5%, 143 seats
243:18.3%, 107 seats
76:
75:
16:(Redirected from
5176:
5169:July 1932 events
4627:
4626:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4592:
4587:
4564:
4525:
4502:
4481:Childers, Thomas
4467:
4466:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4113:
4099:
4090:
4084:
4075:
4069:
4056:
4050:
4011:Wilhelm von Gayl
3893:Dresden-Bautzen
3853:West Düsseldorf
3845:East Düsseldorf
3662:
3002:Unemployed Front
2149:
2142:
2075:Alfred Hugenberg
1988:Heinrich Brüning
1962:Great Depression
1918:
1911:
1904:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1844:Social Democracy
1720:
1093:Electoral system
1086:
1029:Regierungsbezirk
984:
914:
843:Federal agencies
721:
720:
696:
691:
683:
677:
629:
620:
617:
610:
604:
597:
594:
577:
576:
569:
568:
561:
560:
520:
519:
512:
511:
504:
503:
472:11.8%, 68 seats
438:Alfred Hugenberg
420:
405:
390:
354:
353:
346:
345:
338:
337:
293:
292:
285:
284:
277:
276:
249:13.1%, 77 seats
183:
168:
153:
125:
124:
114:
113:
100:
99:
65:
63:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
32:
21:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5023:
4980:
4917:
4894:
4631:
4621:
4619:
4584:
4567:
4553:10.2307/1947146
4528:
4522:
4505:
4499:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4367:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4325:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4167:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4116:
4110:Wayback Machine
4100:
4093:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4059:
4051:
4044:
4039:
4027:
4019:a snap election
3981:
3829:Cologne-Aachen
3660:
2128:Gregor Strasser
2113:
2094:Communist Party
2033:Joseph Goebbels
2020:
2008:Franz von Papen
1958:
1949:Communist Party
1922:
1893:
1889:Other countries
1872:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1814:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1774:
1766:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1624:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1181:
1155:
1129:
1121:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1024:
986:
982:
974:
973:
965:
925:
916:
912:
904:
903:
886:
856:
848:
847:
827:
778:
770:
769:
746:
738:
737:
723:
718:
716:
694:
690:
681:
659:
654:
640:
635:
627:
622:
621:
618:
611:
605:
598:
595:
587:
483:Seats won
478:3.0%, 19 seats
475:7.0%, 41 seats
424:
423:
422:
421:
409:
408:
407:
406:
394:
393:
392:
391:
360:
254:Seats won
207:
205:Arthur Crispien
203:
187:
186:
185:
184:
172:
171:
170:
169:
157:
156:
155:
154:
86:
81:
61:
59:
42:
37:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5182:
5180:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5141:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4927:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4582:
4565:
4526:
4520:
4503:
4497:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4461:
4441:
4434:
4414:
4407:
4387:
4380:
4371:Hitler: A Life
4357:
4350:
4330:
4323:
4314:Hitler: A Life
4303:
4296:
4287:Hitler: A Life
4276:
4269:
4249:
4237:
4225:
4223:, p. 258.
4213:
4201:
4199:, p. 203.
4189:
4177:
4165:
4153:
4151:, p. 196.
4141:
4139:, p. 138.
4129:
4127:, p. 194.
4114:
4091:
4089:, p. 209.
4076:
4057:
4055:, p. 921.
4041:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4031:Oskar Daubmann
4026:
4023:
4006:also created.
3997:(SA) militia.
3994:Sturmabteilung
3989:rule by decree
3980:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:Lower Bavaria
3866:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:Koblenz-Trier
3834:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:Hessen-Nassau
3818:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:Schleswig Home
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2132:Hermann Göring
2112:
2109:
2038:Sturmabteilung
2019:
2016:
2003:Ernst Thälmann
1957:
1954:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1869:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1620:State Politics
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1060:Municipality (
1057:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1006:
1000:
999:
987:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
964:
963:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:Administrative
936:
930:
929:
928:Federal courts
924:
923:
917:
910:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
894:
885:
884:
877:
876:
875:
870:
868:constituencies
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
839:
838:
826:
825:
814:
813:
805:
804:
793:
792:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
756:
755:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
730:
724:
714:
713:
710:
709:
699:
698:
686:
685:
673:
672:
669:
668:
649:
624:
623:
612:
599:
589:
588:
584:
583:
580:
579:
571:
563:
555:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
537:
536:
533:
530:
527:
523:
522:
514:
506:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
484:
480:
479:
476:
473:
470:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
426:
425:
415:
414:
413:
412:
410:
400:
399:
398:
397:
395:
385:
384:
383:
382:
380:
376:
375:
372:
369:
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
348:
340:
332:
328:
327:
324:
321:
316:
312:
311:
308:
305:
300:
296:
295:
287:
279:
271:
267:
266:
263:
260:
255:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
217:
216:
214:Ernst Thälmann
211:
198:
193:
189:
188:
178:
177:
176:
175:
173:
163:
162:
161:
160:
158:
148:
147:
146:
145:
143:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
121:
120:
107:
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
78:
77:
74:
73:
67:
55:
44:
43:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5181:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5100:Saxony-Anhalt
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4464:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4445:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4391:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4334:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4307:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4233:Hamilton 1982
4229:
4226:
4222:
4221:Childers 1983
4217:
4214:
4210:
4209:Childers 1983
4205:
4202:
4198:
4197:Childers 1983
4193:
4190:
4186:
4185:Childers 1983
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:Childers 1983
4169:
4166:
4162:
4161:Childers 1983
4157:
4154:
4150:
4149:Childers 1983
4145:
4142:
4138:
4137:Childers 1983
4133:
4130:
4126:
4125:Childers 1983
4121:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4087:Childers 1983
4083:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3789:East Hanover
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3665:Constituency
3664:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3640:
3637:
3627:
3624:
3614:
3611:
3601:
3598:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3442:Radical Party
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:November 1932
2117:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2079:1930 election
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:Schutzstaffel
2039:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:were held in
1930:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Saxony-Anhalt
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
989:
988:
985:
978:
977:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
927:
926:
922:
919:
918:
915:
908:
907:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
887:
883:
882:
878:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
864:
863:
859:
858:
852:
851:
844:
841:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
828:
823:
819:
818:Robert Habeck
816:
815:
812:
811:
807:
806:
802:
798:
795:
794:
790:
786:
785:
781:
780:
774:
773:
765:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:Head of State
742:
741:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
722:
717:Constitution
712:
711:
705:
701:
700:
697:
687:
684:
679:
678:
667:
666:
662:
658:
657:Papen cabinet
653:
650:
648:
647:
643:
639:
638:Papen cabinet
634:
631:
630:
625:
616:
609:
603:
593:
585:
572:
564:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
515:
507:
499:
496:
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:
481:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:Heinrich Held
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
428:
427:
419:
411:
404:
396:
389:
381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
368:Fourth party
367:
364:
358:
349:
341:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
320:
317:
314:
313:
309:
306:
304:
301:
298:
297:
288:
280:
272:
269:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
202:
199:
197:
194:
191:
190:
182:
174:
167:
159:
152:
144:
141:
140:
136:
134:Second party
133:
130:
127:
122:
118:
108:
104:
94:
90:
85:
79:
72: →
71:
68:
66:
56:
54:
51:←
50:
49:
45:
33:
27:
19:
5128:East Prussia
5118:East Germany
5114:
5070:Lower Saxony
5031:
4888:
4757:
4569:
4540:
4534:
4507:
4484:
4451:
4444:
4424:
4417:
4397:
4390:
4370:
4340:
4333:
4313:
4306:
4286:
4279:
4259:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4101:Hornberger,
4008:
3999:
3992:
3982:
3962:
3957:
3949:Mecklenburg
3917:Wurttemberg
3674:East Prussia
3650:Gonschior.de
2249:Centre Party
2126:
2118:
2114:
2101:Soviet Union
2098:
2083:
2073:
2050:
2031:
2023:
2021:
1996:
1982:appointed a
1973:Centre Party
1966:
1959:
1927:
1824:Conservatism
1769:
1728:
1664:Lower Saxony
1619:
1598:
1543:
1533:
1402:
1283:
1273:
1124:
1114:
1061:
1052:
1036:
1028:
1010:
993:
990:
983:Subdivisions
969:Other courts
961:Joint Senate
897:
890:
879:
860:
808:
782:
750:
733:Human rights
692:Politics of
680:
655:
651:
636:
632:
374:Sixth party
371:Fifth party
318:
302:
257:
196:Adolf Hitler
137:Third party
131:First party
95:44,211,216 (
57:
26:
5050:Brandenburg
4986:Referendums
4758:1932 (July)
4547:: 698–705.
4474:Works cited
4053:Kerwin 1932
3693:Potsdam II
3622:Total votes
3596:Valid votes
2561:Poland List
1971:(SPD), the
1644:Brandenburg
1403:1932 (July)
1103:Referendums
1018:composition
855:Legislature
797:Olaf Scholz
719:(Basic Law)
606:Results by
540:Percentage
433:Ludwig Kaas
315:Percentage
5143:Categories
4773:1933 (Nov)
4768:1933 (Mar)
4763:1932 (Nov)
4743:1924 (Dec)
4738:1924 (May)
4653:1867 (Aug)
4648:1867 (Feb)
4521:0691093954
4498:0807815705
4245:Orlow 1969
4037:References
3877:Franconia
3781:Weser-Ems
3765:Thuringen
3757:Merseburg
3749:Magdeburg
3717:Pomerania
3701:Potsdam I
3638:44,211,216
3625:37,162,691
3599:36,882,964
3575:36,882,964
2181:13,745,680
2177:Nazi Party
1956:Background
1945:Nazi Party
1839:Liberalism
1810:Federalism
1418:1933 (Nov)
1413:1933 (Mar)
1408:1932 (Nov)
1388:1924 (Dec)
1383:1924 (May)
1298:1867 (Aug)
1293:1867 (Feb)
1108:Coalitions
1035:District (
535:1,192,684
532:2,178,024
529:4,589,430
310:5,282,636
307:7,959,712
303:13,745,680
209:Hans Vogel
92:Registered
62:1932-07-31
5110:Thuringia
4583:822931834
3979:Aftermath
3971:Digi Zeit
3733:Liegnitz
2301:1,192,684
2277:2,178,024
2253:4,589,430
2229:5,282,636
2205:7,959,712
1977:President
1941:Reichstag
1834:Far-right
1819:Communism
1704:Thuringia
1085:Elections
913:Judiciary
881:Bundesrat
862:Bundestag
777:Executive
201:Otto Wels
84:Reichstag
5090:Saarland
4483:(1983).
4106:Archived
4025:See also
3969:Source:
3941:Hamburg
3901:Leipzig
3725:Breslau
3648:Source:
2071:(DNVP).
2018:Campaign
1788:Passport
1684:Saarland
1062:Gemeinde
934:Ordinary
5115:former:
5060:Hamburg
5040:Bavaria
4561:1947146
4112:. 2004.
4074:. 2002.
3741:Oppeln
3612:279,727
2421:137,133
2397:146,876
2373:364,543
2349:371,800
2325:436,002
2111:Results
2086:clashes
2046:cabinet
2036:on the
1939:of the
1933:Germany
1654:Hamburg
1634:Bavaria
1011:Landtag
992:State (
873:members
831:Cabinet
695:Germany
429:Leader
379:
365:
339:19.0pp
192:Leader
142:
128:
109:84.1% (
106:Turnout
60: (
5095:Saxony
5055:Bremen
5045:Berlin
4580:
4559:
4518:
4495:
4459:
4432:
4405:
4378:
4348:
4321:
4294:
4267:
3952:44.8%
3944:33.7%
3936:43.1%
3928:36.9%
3925:Baden
3920:30.3%
3912:47.0%
3904:36.1%
3896:39.3%
3888:43.7%
3885:Pfalz
3880:39.8%
3872:20.4%
3864:27.1%
3856:27.0%
3848:31.6%
3840:28.8%
3832:20.2%
3824:43.6%
3816:27.2%
3808:25.7%
3800:46.1%
3792:49.5%
3784:38.4%
3776:51.0%
3768:43.4%
3760:42.6%
3752:43.8%
3744:29.3%
3736:48.0%
3728:43.5%
3720:47.9%
3712:48.1%
3704:38.1%
3696:33.0%
3688:24.6%
3684:Berlin
3678:47.1%
3628:100.00
3578:100.00
2631:12,247
2609:13,950
2587:14,816
2565:33,436
2541:40,825
2517:46,927
2493:72,630
2469:90,554
2445:96,851
2187:+19.02
2090:Altona
1943:. The
1762:Russia
1737:France
1689:Saxony
1649:Bremen
1639:Berlin
954:Social
949:Labour
944:Fiscal
836:Scholz
578:0.2pp
570:1.1pp
562:0.6pp
554:Swing
543:12.4%
453:Centre
449:Party
355:1.2pp
347:2.9pp
331:Swing
326:14.3%
323:21.6%
220:Party
5065:Hesse
4557:JSTOR
4543:(5).
3963:37.3%
3958:Total
3641:84.06
3602:99.25
3572:Total
3077:–0.08
2939:1,141
2917:1,341
2895:1,511
2873:1,709
2851:1,916
2829:2,035
2807:2,186
2785:2,213
2763:2,221
2741:2,436
2719:2,932
2697:4,551
2675:8,637
2653:9,465
2547:–0.67
2523:−0.28
2475:−2.92
2451:−0.29
2427:−0.60
2403:−3.50
2379:−1.49
2355:−2.77
2331:−3.33
2307:+0.20
2283:−1.12
2259:+0.63
2256:12.44
2235:+1.19
2232:14.32
2211:−2.95
2208:21.58
2184:37.27
2166:Seats
2157:Votes
2154:Party
2105:Spain
1757:China
1742:Italy
1659:Hesse
1037:Kreis
822:Grüne
549:3.2%
546:5.9%
319:37.3%
224:NSDAP
101:2.9%)
5019:1938
5014:1936
5009:1934
5004:1933
4999:1929
4994:1926
4976:2024
4971:2019
4966:2014
4961:2009
4956:2004
4951:1999
4946:1994
4941:1989
4936:1984
4931:1979
4913:1932
4908:1925
4889:2025
4883:2021
4878:2017
4873:2013
4868:2009
4863:2005
4858:2002
4853:1998
4848:1994
4843:1990
4838:1987
4833:1983
4828:1980
4823:1976
4818:1972
4813:1969
4808:1965
4803:1961
4798:1957
4793:1953
4788:1949
4783:1938
4778:1936
4753:1930
4748:1928
4733:1920
4728:1919
4723:1912
4718:1907
4713:1903
4708:1898
4703:1893
4698:1890
4693:1887
4688:1884
4683:1881
4678:1878
4673:1877
4668:1874
4663:1871
4658:1868
4643:1848
4516:ISBN
4493:ISBN
4457:ISBN
4430:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4376:ISBN
4346:ISBN
4319:ISBN
4292:ISBN
4265:ISBN
3615:0.75
3558:0.00
3536:0.00
3514:0.00
3492:0.00
3470:0.00
3448:0.00
3426:0.00
3404:0.00
3382:0.00
3360:0.00
3338:0.00
3316:0.00
3294:0.00
3272:0.00
3250:0.00
3228:0.00
3206:0.00
3184:0.00
3162:0.00
3140:0.00
3118:0.00
3096:0.00
3074:0.00
3052:0.00
3030:0.00
3008:0.00
2986:0.00
2964:0.00
2942:0.00
2920:0.00
2898:0.00
2876:0.00
2854:0.01
2832:0.01
2810:0.01
2788:0.01
2766:0.01
2744:0.01
2722:0.01
2700:0.01
2678:0.02
2656:0.03
2634:0.03
2612:0.04
2590:0.04
2568:0.09
2544:0.11
2520:0.13
2496:0.20
2472:0.25
2448:0.26
2424:0.37
2400:0.40
2376:0.99
2352:1.01
2328:1.18
2304:3.23
2280:5.91
2193:+123
2103:and
2051:The
2040:and
1783:Visa
1599:2024
1593:2019
1588:2014
1583:2009
1578:2004
1573:1999
1568:1994
1563:1989
1558:1984
1553:1979
1534:Next
1528:2021
1523:2017
1518:2013
1513:2009
1508:2005
1503:2002
1498:1998
1493:1994
1488:1990
1483:1987
1478:1983
1473:1980
1468:1976
1463:1972
1458:1969
1453:1965
1448:1961
1443:1957
1438:1953
1433:1949
1428:1938
1423:1936
1398:1930
1393:1928
1378:1920
1373:1919
1368:1912
1363:1907
1358:1903
1353:1898
1348:1893
1343:1890
1338:1887
1333:1884
1328:1881
1323:1878
1318:1877
1313:1874
1308:1871
1303:1868
1274:2022
1268:2017
1263:2012
1258:2010
1253:2009
1248:2004
1243:1999
1238:1994
1233:1989
1228:1984
1223:1979
1218:1974
1213:1969
1208:1964
1203:1959
1198:1954
1193:1949
1177:1957
1172:1953
1167:1949
1151:1932
1146:1925
1141:1919
1069:list
1044:list
994:Land
789:list
665:DNVP
661:Ind.
646:DNVP
642:Ind.
458:DNVP
278:123
262:133
53:1930
4578:SBN
4549:doi
3587:+31
3584:608
3567:New
3561:New
3545:New
3539:New
3523:New
3517:New
3501:New
3495:New
3479:New
3473:New
3467:128
3457:New
3451:New
3445:154
3435:New
3429:New
3423:177
3413:New
3407:New
3401:226
3391:New
3385:New
3379:257
3369:New
3363:New
3357:270
3347:New
3341:New
3335:277
3325:New
3319:New
3313:334
3303:New
3297:New
3291:376
3281:New
3275:New
3269:392
3259:New
3253:New
3247:480
3237:New
3231:New
3225:492
3215:New
3209:New
3203:522
3193:New
3187:New
3181:532
3171:New
3165:New
3159:555
3149:New
3143:New
3137:577
3127:New
3121:New
3115:587
3105:New
3099:New
3093:598
3071:610
3061:New
3055:New
3049:618
3039:New
3033:New
3027:790
3017:New
3011:New
3005:853
2995:New
2989:New
2983:887
2973:New
2967:New
2961:947
2951:New
2945:New
2929:New
2923:New
2907:New
2901:New
2885:New
2879:New
2863:New
2857:New
2841:New
2835:New
2819:New
2813:New
2797:New
2791:New
2775:New
2769:New
2753:New
2747:New
2731:New
2725:New
2709:New
2703:New
2687:New
2681:New
2665:New
2659:New
2643:New
2637:New
2621:New
2615:New
2599:New
2593:New
2577:New
2571:New
2505:New
2499:New
2481:−18
2409:−21
2385:−11
2361:−16
2337:−23
2241:+12
2217:−10
2214:133
2190:230
2169:+/–
2163:+/–
2124:.
1752:USA
1053:Amt
801:SPD
764:SPD
492:22
489:37
486:75
463:BVP
294:12
286:10
265:89
258:230
234:KPD
229:SPD
115:2.1
5145::
4576:.
4572:.
4555:.
4541:26
4539:.
4533:.
4514:.
4510:.
4491:.
4487:.
4360:^
4117:^
4094:^
4079:^
4060:^
4045:^
3668:%
3555:59
3533:66
3511:69
3489:81
2553:+1
2529:−3
2457:−1
2433:−4
2313:+3
2310:22
2289:−4
2286:37
2265:+7
2262:75
2238:89
2107:.
2048:.
1808:/
1747:UK
521:3
513:4
505:7
117:pp
4614:e
4607:t
4600:v
4586:.
4563:.
4551::
4524:.
4501:.
4465:.
4438:.
4411:.
4384:.
4354:.
4327:.
4300:.
4273:.
3581:–
3564:0
3542:0
3520:0
3498:0
3476:0
3454:0
3432:0
3410:0
3388:0
3366:0
3344:0
3322:0
3300:0
3278:0
3256:0
3234:0
3212:0
3190:0
3168:0
3146:0
3124:0
3102:0
3083:0
3080:0
3058:0
3036:0
3014:0
2992:0
2970:0
2948:0
2926:0
2904:0
2882:0
2860:0
2838:0
2816:0
2794:0
2772:0
2750:0
2728:0
2706:0
2684:0
2662:0
2640:0
2618:0
2596:0
2574:0
2550:1
2526:0
2502:0
2478:1
2454:2
2430:2
2406:2
2382:3
2358:4
2334:7
2160:%
2027:'
1917:e
1910:t
1903:v
1830:)
1826:(
1117:)
1064:)
1055:)
1039:)
1013:)
996:)
824:)
820:(
803:)
799:(
791:)
787:(
766:)
762:(
663:–
644:–
119:)
64:)
20:)
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