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440:. He was the first to use optogenetics to control behaviour. These seminal experiments have provided a platform for an explosion in optogenetic applications. Recent honours testify to the significance of these findings. Miesenboeck has exploited optogenetics in a succession of brilliant experiments illuminating
1546:
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proteins into the cells. Miesenböck used similar genetic modifications to breed animals whose brains contained light-responsive nerve cells integrated into their circuitry, and was the first to demonstrate that the behaviour of these animals could be remote-controlled.
500:
for "extraordinary contributions related to the invention and refinement of optogenetics," with Ernst
Bamberg, Ed Boyden, Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel. In the same year, he, Boyden, Deisseroth, and Hegemann won the
3418:
355:
The principle of optogenetic control established by
Miesenböck has been widely adopted, generalised to other biological systems, and technically improved. Most of Miesenböck's work continues to be done with
3388:
1774:
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362:(fruit flies), where it is possible to gain detailed insight into molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of brain function that may relate to human health.
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Boyden, E. S.; Zhang, F.; Bamberg, E.; Nagel, G.; Deisseroth, K. (2005). "Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity".
471:
930:
Miesenböck, G.; De
Angelis, D. A.; Rothman, J. E. (1998). "Visualizing secretion and synaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins".
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circuitry. These incisive contributions to neuroscience have demonstrated the full potential of optogenetics beyond the proof-of-principle stage.
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for "pioneering optogenetic approaches to manipulate neuronal activity and to control animal behaviour". In 2013 he shared the
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2003:
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Gero
Miesenboeck pioneered the science of optogenetics. He established the principles of optogenetic control in 2002, using
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Claridge-Chang, A.; Roorda, R. D.; Vrontou, E.; Sjulson, L.; Li, H.; Hirsh, J.; Miesenböck, G. (2009).
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genetically so that their electrical activity could be controlled with light. This involved inserting
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Before being appointed to the
Waynflete Professorship in 2007, Miesenböck held faculty positions at
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873:"Patterns of synaptic activity in neural networks recorded by light emission from synaptolucins"
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Reiner, Andreas; Isacoff, Ehud Y. (2013). "The Brain Prize 2013: The optogenetics revolution".
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460:"for his breakthrough concept of optogenetics and its proof of principle" and in 2016 the
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1610:"Korrespondierende Mitglieder der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse im Ausland"
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1046:"Remote control of behavior through genetically targeted photostimulation of neurons"
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712:"2019 Warren Alpert Prize Recipients Announced | Warren Alpert Foundation Prize"
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1676:"Registrar : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland"
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and
Director of the Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour (CNCB) at the
1728:
959:
916:
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2111:
683:"Rumford Prize Awarded for the Invention and Refinement of Optogenetics"
566:"Prize Winners 2013 – Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Foundation"
2719:
1345:
441:
296:
67:
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ef> (born 15 July 1965) is an
Austrian scientist. He is currently
850:
Relationship of
Triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism
1298:
951:
348:
1428:"Writing memories with light-addressable reinforcement circuitry"
2723:
2115:
1739:
344:
3419:
Members of the German
National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
1191:"Gero Miesenboeck: Re-engineering the brain | TED Talk"
988:
Zemelman, B. V.; Lee, G. A.; Ng, M.; Miesenböck, G. (2002).
812:
624:"Heinrich Wieland Prize – Heinrich Wieland Prize – Homepage"
990:"Selective photostimulation of genetically chARGed neurons"
421:
with Edward Boyden and Karl
Deisseroth. He was elected a
831:"Professor Gero Miesenboeck | University of Oxford"
419:
Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine
3389:
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
1539:"Certificate of election EC/2015/29: Miesenbock, Gero"
568:. Thebrainprize.org. 15 September 2015. Archived from
1136:
Miesenböck, G. (2009). "The optogenetic catechism".
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105:
95:
74:
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20:
750:
444:, the neural basis of reward, mechanisms of sleep
1330:"Gero Miesenböck: Instructing the nervous system"
1093:Miesenböck, G. (2008). "Lighting up the brain".
877:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
430:
391:InBev-Baillet Latour International Health Prize
1479:, retrieved: 24 March 2020 in Wilhelmexner.org
1261:"An Off-or-On Switch for Controlling Animals?"
2735:
2127:
1751:
373:. In 2011 he became founding director of the
8:
560:
558:
1379:"Optogenetic control of cells and circuits"
626:. Heinrich-wieland-prize.de. Archived from
472:Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom
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35:
17:
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743:
741:
739:
737:
677:
675:
618:
616:
595:"Past Winners | Brandeis University"
423:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015
1563:. Wilmelm Exner Stiftung. Archived from
817:Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour
794:. inbevbailletlatour.com. Archived from
789:"Curriculum vitae: Gero Miesenböck, M.D"
706:
704:
589:
587:
539:. Fondsbailletlatour.com. Archived from
1636:"Member Directory: Dr. Gero Miesenböck"
1591:European Molecular Biology Organization
1516:"Professor Gero Miesenböck FMedSci FRS"
871:Miesenbock, G.; Rothman, J. E. (1997).
687:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
531:
529:
525:
468:European Molecular Biology Organization
466:Miesenböck was elected a member of the
436:to activate normally light-insensitive
375:Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior
339:. He was the first scientist to modify
309:sub auspiciis praesidentis rei publicae
1185:
1183:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
852:(MD thesis). University of Innsbruck.
765: ed.). A & C Black.
367:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
335:Miesenböck is known as the founder of
217:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
1395:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100109-104051
480:German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
389:. In 2012 Miesenböck was awarded the
7:
1662:"Academy of Europe: Miesenböck Gero"
1044:Lima, S. Q.; Miesenböck, G. (2005).
783:
781:
779:
470:(EMBO) in 2008, and a member of the
3399:Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
1494:Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
493:awarded him an honorary doctorate.
428:His certificate of election reads:
3394:Waynflete Professors of Physiology
509:in Life Sciences, and in 2022 the
14:
1115:10.1038/scientificamerican1008-52
848:Miesenböck, Gero Andreas (1991).
496:In 2019, Miesenböck received the
387:Beckman Young Investigators Award
299:, Miesenböck was educated at the
2561:/ John Frederick Grassle (2013)
1718:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize 2022
3379:University of Innsbruck alumni
1587:"EMBO MEMBER: Gero Miesenböck"
1259:Zimmer, Carl (12 April 2005).
650:"BBVA Awards – 2015 Laureates"
597:. Brandeis.edu. Archived from
503:Warren Alpert Foundation Prize
315:Medical School. Following his
155:Warren Alpert Foundation Prize
1:
2271:Ernest John Christopher Polge
1007:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00574-8
505:. In 2020 he was awarded the
3424:Members of Academia Europaea
3409:Fellows of the Royal Society
1612:. Oeaw.ac.at. Archived from
770:UK public library membership
476:Austrian Academy of Sciences
1334:The Journal of Cell Biology
3440:
1444:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.034
1230:10.1016/j.tins.2013.08.005
1063:10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.004
513:. In 2023 he received the
511:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
167:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
113:InBev-Baillet Latour Prize
2287:William Hayward Pickering
2162:Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir
1383:Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol
1193:. TED.com. Archived from
761:. Vol. 2008 (online
385:In 2001, he received the
230:
182:
34:
3374:Austrian neuroscientists
752:"MIESENBÖCK, Prof. Gero"
456:In 2015 he received the
307:in Sweden. He graduated
291:Education and early life
285:Magdalen College, Oxford
3246:Demetrios Christodoulou
3087:Everett Peter Greenberg
2428:/ Keith J. Sainsbury /
1377:Miesenböck, G. (2011).
1218:Trends in Neurosciences
1158:10.1126/science.1174520
763:Oxford University Press
359:Drosophila melanogaster
317:Doctor of Medicine (MD)
313:University of Innsbruck
301:University of Innsbruck
265:Gero Andreas Miesenböck
82:University of Innsbruck
51:Gero Andreas Miesenböck
3384:Umeå University alumni
2599:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2218:Frank Sherwood Rowland
1593:. 2016. Archived from
898:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3402
491:Trinity College Dublin
458:Heinrich Wieland Prize
454:
319:in 1993, he undertook
131:Heinrich Wieland Prize
2950:Shrinivas R. Kulkarni
1328:Wells, W. A. (2007).
537:"Le Prix de la Santé"
442:synaptic connectivity
347:for light-responsive
321:postdoctoral training
3009:Keith H. S. Campbell
2969:Stanley Norman Cohen
2704:John Michael Wallace
601:on 30 September 2015
277:University of Oxford
207:University of Oxford
3312:Alexander Beilinson
3250:Richard S. Hamilton
2920:Chryssa Kouveliotou
2688:/ Kazuo Hagimoto /
2527:Tadamitsu Kishimoto
2257:Jacques-Louis Lions
1616:on 22 December 2015
1597:on 3 February 2016.
1549:on 15 October 2015.
1287:Nature Neuroscience
1197:on 22 February 2014
1150:2009Sci...326..395M
1107:2008SciAm.299d..52M
1095:Scientific American
944:1998Natur.394..192M
889:1997PNAS...94.3402M
660:on 25 February 2016
572:on 13 November 2015
462:Wilhelm Exner Medal
448:and the control of
331:Research and career
269:Waynflete Professor
3322:Jean-Michel Bismut
3049:Franz-Ulrich Hartl
2872:William J. Borucki
2666:Robert A. Weinberg
2648:Robert G. Gallager
2593:Steven D. Tanksley
2579:Theodore Friedmann
2482:Victor A. McKusick
2440:Masatoshi Takeichi
2388:Timothy R. Parsons
2384:John B. Goodenough
2378:Kimishige Ishizaka
2353:Jack L. Strominger
2349:W. Wesley Peterson
2329:Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
2325:Joseph Engelberger
2301:Edward F. Knipling
1640:www.leopoldina.org
1526:on 7 October 2015.
1490:"Gero Miesenboeck"
1346:10.1083/jcb.1773pi
1265:The New York Times
630:on 30 October 2015
450:sexually dimorphic
381:Awards and honours
254:/miesenboeck-group
41:Miesenböck in 2015
3361:
3360:
3342:Vladimir Drinfeld
3188:Shiing-Shen Chern
3145:Paul A. Negulescu
3053:Arthur L. Horwich
2926:Lennart Lindegren
2858:Daniel Eisenstein
2717:
2716:
2686:Masataka Nakazawa
2680:Christopher Field
2565:Yasuharu Suematsu
2509:Shun-ichi Iwasaki
2468:Peter Shaw Ashton
2408:Benoit Mandelbrot
2402:Andrzej Tarkowski
2222:Elias James Corey
2109:
2108:
1999:Natalie Strynadka
1889:Zoubin Ghahramani
1705:www.shawprize.org
1608:Gero Miesenböck.
1144:(5951): 395–399.
938:(6689): 192–195.
768:(Subscription or
722:on 14 August 2021
689:. 30 January 2019
484:Academia Europaea
482:in 2016, and the
262:
261:
184:Scientific career
3431:
3306:Michel Talagrand
3256:Maxim Kontsevich
3210:Robert Langlands
3149:Michael J. Welsh
3113:Mary-Claire King
3067:Michael W. Young
3039:Ruslan Medzhitov
3023:Jeffrey Friedman
2999:Robert Lefkowitz
2987:Michael Berridge
2944:Maura McLaughlin
2930:Michael Perryman
2744:
2737:
2730:
2721:
2555:C. Grant Willson
2343:Marc Van Montagu
2317:Takashi Sugimura
2251:Xavier Le Pichon
2196:Donald Henderson
2192:Georges Vendryes
2136:
2129:
2122:
2113:
1879:Alison Etheridge
1869:A. W. F. Edwards
1760:
1753:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1729:Japan Prize 2023
1726:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1701:"The Shaw Prize"
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1672:
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1652:
1651:
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1577:
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1572:
1567:on 1 August 2017
1557:
1551:
1550:
1545:. Archived from
1534:
1528:
1527:
1522:. Archived from
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1486:
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1417:
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1293:(9): 1263–1268.
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861:
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838:
827:
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820:
809:
803:
802:
801:on 10 June 2015.
800:
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747:
732:
731:
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727:
718:. Archived from
716:warrenalpert.org
708:
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669:
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665:
656:. Archived from
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258:
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252:/research-groups
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64:
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39:
29:
18:
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3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3336:Ehud Hrushovski
3300:Luis Caffarelli
3234:Clifford Taubes
3230:Simon Donaldson
3220:Vladimir Arnold
3180:
3174:
3165:Stuart H. Orkin
3125:Gero Miesenböck
3063:Michael Rosbash
3059:Jeffrey C. Hall
3019:Douglas Coleman
3013:Shinya Yamanaka
2961:
2955:
2910:Roger Blandford
2904:Edward C. Stone
2898:Jean-Loup Puget
2866:John A. Peacock
2838:David C. Jewitt
2814:Charles Bennett
2802:Reinhard Genzel
2796:Peter Goldreich
2782:Saul Perlmutter
2754:
2748:
2718:
2713:
2708:Ronald M. Evans
2694:Karl Deisseroth
2690:Gero Miesenböck
2662:Bert Vogelstein
2658:Martin A. Green
2636:
2617:Max Dale Cooper
2603:Jennifer Doudna
2575:Yutaka Takahasi
2497:
2444:Erkki Ruoslahti
2426:Akira Fujishima
2394:Tim Berners-Lee
2362:
2357:Don Craig Wiley
2243:W. Jason Morgan
2227:
2186:Theodore Maiman
2172:Willem J. Kolff
2146:
2140:
2110:
2105:
2044:
2023:
1929:Gero Miesenböck
1899:Michael Hausser
1874:Yvonne Elsworth
1854:Philip Donoghue
1849:Annette Dolphin
1777:
1764:
1734:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
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1645:
1643:
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1629:
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1617:
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1602:
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1554:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1476:Gero Miesenböck
1473:
1469:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1043:
1042:
1031:
987:
986:
975:
929:
928:
924:
870:
869:
865:
847:
846:
842:
829:
828:
824:
811:
810:
806:
798:
791:
787:
786:
777:
767:
749:
748:
735:
725:
723:
710:
709:
702:
692:
690:
681:
680:
673:
663:
661:
648:
647:
643:
633:
631:
622:
621:
614:
604:
602:
593:
592:
585:
575:
573:
564:
563:
556:
546:
544:
543:on 16 July 2018
535:
534:
527:
523:
407:Karl Deisseroth
383:
371:Yale University
333:
305:Umeå University
293:
238:
226:
212:Yale University
178:
119:The Brain Prize
91:
87:Umeå University
75:Alma mater
70:
65:
62:
56:
54:
53:
52:
42:
30:
25:
23:
22:Gero Miesenböck
12:
11:
5:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3346:Shing-Tung Yau
3339:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3287:
3281:
3278:Henryk Iwaniec
3271:
3268:George Lusztig
3265:
3259:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3227:
3224:Ludwig Faddeev
3217:
3214:Richard Taylor
3207:
3197:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3169:Swee Lay Thein
3162:
3155:Patrick Cramer
3152:
3142:
3136:
3129:Peter Hegemann
3122:
3116:
3110:
3103:Ian R. Gibbons
3100:
3090:
3083:Bonnie Bassler
3080:
3073:Kazutoshi Mori
3070:
3056:
3046:
3035:Jules Hoffmann
3032:
3026:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2940:Duncan Lorimer
2936:Matthew Bailes
2933:
2923:
2916:Victoria Kaspi
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2875:
2869:
2855:
2852:John F. Hawley
2845:
2835:
2832:Gerald Fishman
2825:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2779:
2772:Geoffrey Marcy
2769:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2697:
2683:
2672:Katalin Karikó
2669:
2655:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:Yoshio Okamoto
2624:
2621:Jacques Miller
2610:
2596:
2586:
2572:
2569:C. David Allis
2562:
2552:
2545:Nicholas Lydon
2534:
2523:Dennis Ritchie
2516:
2513:Peter Vitousek
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2488:Dennis Meadows
2485:
2478:Robert E. Kahn
2471:
2464:Peter Grünberg
2457:
2447:
2433:
2430:John H. Lawton
2419:
2412:James A. Yorke
2405:
2391:
2381:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2346:
2332:
2314:
2307:Charles K. Kao
2304:
2294:
2291:Arvid Carlsson
2284:
2281:Kary B. Mullis
2274:
2264:
2254:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2208:Luc Montagnier
2189:
2178:Henry Beachell
2175:
2168:David Turnbull
2165:
2158:John R. Pierce
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2096:William Miller
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2004:Richard Thomas
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:John Robertson
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:David Phillips
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Andy Mackenzie
1911:
1906:
1904:Laurence Hurst
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Daniel Drucker
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:Stephen Cusack
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:Clifford Cocks
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1732:
1721:
1710:
1692:
1667:
1653:
1627:
1600:
1578:
1552:
1529:
1506:
1481:
1467:
1438:(2): 405–415.
1418:
1369:
1340:(3): 374–375.
1320:
1299:10.1038/nn1525
1277:
1251:
1224:(10): 557–60.
1208:
1179:
1128:
1085:
1056:(1): 141–152.
1029:
973:
922:
863:
840:
822:
804:
775:
733:
700:
671:
641:
612:
583:
554:
524:
522:
519:
411:Peter Hegemann
382:
379:
332:
329:
292:
289:
260:
259:
236:
232:
231:
228:
227:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
203:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
180:
179:
177:
176:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
140:
134:
128:
122:
116:
109:
107:
103:
102:
97:
96:Known for
93:
92:
90:
89:
84:
78:
76:
72:
71:
66:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3436:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Living people
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3316:David Kazhdan
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:Claire Voisin
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:Nigel Hitchin
3282:
3279:
3275:
3274:Gerd Faltings
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:Jean Bourgain
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3200:David Mumford
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:Bruce Beutler
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2993:Xiaodong Wang
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2973:Herbert Boyer
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:Ronald Drever
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:Steven Balbus
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:David Spergel
2819:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:Brian Schmidt
2787:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:Brian Hoskins
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2676:Drew Weissman
2673:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:Akira Yoshino
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:Alain Fischer
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2549:Masato Sagawa
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:Toshio Hirano
2528:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2492:David E. Kuhl
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:John Houghton
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:Kenichi Honda
2420:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:Nick Holonyak
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2239:Marvin Minsky
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Sue Lindquist
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Zdeněk Bažant
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Frank Uhlmann
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Roger Sheldon
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Jonathan Pila
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Jane Langdale
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Jeremy Farrar
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Stephen Brown
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Allan Balmain
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:Royal Society
1768:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1543:Royal Society
1540:
1537:Anon (2015).
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1520:Royal Society
1517:
1514:Anon (2015).
1510:
1507:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
984:
982:
980:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:10.1038/28190
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
923:
918:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
890:
886:
883:(7): 3402–7.
882:
878:
874:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
844:
841:
836:
832:
826:
823:
818:
814:
808:
805:
797:
790:
784:
782:
780:
776:
771:
764:
760:
759:
753:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
734:
721:
717:
713:
707:
705:
701:
688:
684:
678:
676:
672:
659:
655:
651:
645:
642:
629:
625:
619:
617:
613:
600:
596:
590:
588:
584:
571:
567:
561:
559:
555:
542:
538:
532:
530:
526:
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
498:Rumford Prize
494:
492:
487:
485:
481:
478:in 2014, the
477:
474:in 2012, the
473:
469:
464:
463:
459:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:Edward Boyden
400:
399:Ernst Bamberg
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
360:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
325:James Rothman
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
257:
237:
233:
229:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:Rumford Prize
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
77:
73:
69:
63:(age 59)
49:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
16:
3352:Peter Sarnak
3326:Jeff Cheeger
3290:János Kollár
3262:David Donoho
3194:Andrew Wiles
3179:Mathematical
3139:Scott D. Emr
3124:
3077:Peter Walter
3029:David Julius
2981:Richard Doll
2977:Yuet-Wai Kan
2962:and medicine
2960:Life science
2886:Rainer Weiss
2828:Enrico Costa
2776:Michel Mayor
2689:
2652:Svante Pääbo
2589:Hideo Hosono
2559:Jean Fréchet
2541:Brian Druker
2537:Janet Rowley
2519:Ken Thompson
2436:Makoto Nagao
2398:Anne McLaren
2339:Jozef Schell
2267:Gerhard Ertl
2261:John J. Wild
2247:Dan McKenzie
2212:Robert Gallo
2204:Frank Fenner
2182:Gurdev Khush
2076:John Kuriyan
2071:Andrew Knoll
2056:Alain Aspect
2035:Lisa Jardine
2019:Colin Wilson
2009:Bryan Turner
1989:Henry Snaith
1979:Julia Slingo
1964:Alan Roberts
1949:Roger Powell
1928:
1924:Jens Marklof
1919:Philip Maini
1894:Mike Goddard
1824:Rory Collins
1789:Mark Achtman
1724:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1603:
1595:the original
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1555:
1547:the original
1532:
1524:the original
1509:
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143:Massry Prize
125:Gabbay Award
100:Optogenetics
61:15 July 1965
15:
3414:1965 births
3159:Eva Nogales
3133:Georg Nagel
3119:Maria Jasin
3107:Ronald Vale
3097:Huda Zoghbi
3093:Adrian Bird
2892:Simon White
2766:Jim Peebles
2460:Albert Fert
2416:Seiji Ogawa
2277:Frank Press
2143:Japan Prize
2101:John Spence
2091:Gail Martin
2040:Robin Saxby
1984:Scott Sloan
1959:Andrew Read
1954:John Rarity
1934:Ketan Patel
1864:James Dyson
1839:Anne Cutler
1829:Andy Cooper
1814:Jane Clarke
1642:(in German)
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515:Japan Prize
446:homeostasis
415:Georg Nagel
395:Brain Prize
341:nerve cells
173:Japan Prize
3368:Categories
3204:Wentsun Wu
3005:Ian Wilmut
2882:Kip Thorne
2862:Shaun Cole
2818:Lyman Page
2786:Adam Riess
2751:Shaw Prize
2631:Rattan Lal
2607:Adi Shamir
2454:Akira Endo
2374:Ian McHarg
2321:Bruce Ames
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2145:recipients
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1804:Kamal Bawa
1680:www.tcd.ie
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2759:Astronomy
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1994:Ajay Sood
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486:in 2017.
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