771:"An example of what is necessary can be seen in the recently published scripts of the late Miss Geraldine Cummins purporting to emanate from the famous SPR automatist Mrs. Willett. This book was supported by at least three ex-presidents of the SPR, one of whom wrote a long preface to it of over 70 pages. In the course of the communications two odd and startlingly evidential items of information, involving a word and a phrase, were given by the medium, and the editor of the book assured us both that these were actually in the diaries left by the deceased communicator. Fortunately, in this case the original diaries had been preserved. They were examined, and their owner stated that neither the word nor the phrase was to be found in them."
262:(1957). She collaborated with a psychiatrist who used the pseudonym R. Connell on both books. Their method was for Cummins to "read" an object associated with the patient and thus identify either childhood traumas or experiences of ancestors (preserved as "race memory") which have created the problem. This included treating a patient who was concerned about his homosexual desires by discovering that this derived from the fact that his Huguenot ancestors were humiliated by Catholics in the 18th century.
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were discovered to be erroneous. Biographer Rodger
Anderson wrote that although spiritualists considered Cummins completely honest "some suspected that she occasionally augmented her store of knowledge about deceased persons by normal means if by doing so she could bring comfort to the bereaved."
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she allegedly worked as a
British agent, using her personal contacts to identify pro-Nazi factions within the Irish Republican movement. She also employed her psychic activities to support the allied cause, sending channelled messages from sympathetic spirits to Allied leaders to support the war
30:
113:, novelist and playwright. She began her career as a creative writer, but increasingly concentrated on mediumship and "channelled" writings, mostly about the lives of Jesus and Saint Paul, though she also published on a range of other topics.
182:. Gonzalez considers her short story "The Tragedy of Eight Pence" to be the "finest" of her writings, the tale of a "happily married woman trying to shield her ill husband from the knowledge that his death will leave her penniless."
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have suspected fraud as
Cummins had long standing connections with friends and families of the deceased that she claimed to have contacted and could have easily obtained information by natural means. The classical scholar
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and could have taken information from various books that would appear in her automatic writings about ancient history. Her writings were heavily influenced by literature and religious texts. Dodds also studied her book
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who studied various mental mediums including
Cummins wrote that "there is no question that most of the automatic writing which has been published is the product of the subconscious." Paranormal researcher
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in the jungle, but was ill. In 1948 she had a message from
Fawcett's spirit reporting his death. Her last book was an account of her conversations with the spirit of Mrs Willett (the spiritualist name of
140:. Her desire to follow her father in a medical career was vetoed by her mother, so she began a literary career as a journalist and creative writer. From 1913 to 1917 she wrote three plays for the
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Literary critic
Alexander G. Gonzalez says that her work tries to encompass the full range of Irish social life, from the aristocracy to the lower classes. In this respect she was influenced by
338:. Spiritualists have claimed the scripts are evidence for survival. However, the psychical researcher Simeon Edmunds noted that Fawcett before his disappearance had written articles for the
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which was supposed to be an account of spirit conversation but wrote there was evidence suggestive of fraud as
Cummins had received some of the information by natural means.
344:. Cummins also contributed articles to the same review and Edmunds suggested it is likely she had read the work of Fawcett. Edmunds concluded the scripts were a case of
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in Brazil in 1925. Cummins claimed she had received psychic messages from
Fawcett in 1936. He was still alive at that time, informing her that he had found relics of
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223:(1932) provided a glowing vision of the afterlife. Its contents were purportedly communicated from the 'other side' by the psychologist and psychic researcher
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and alleged channeled material from
Cummins have been examined and have been described by some psychical researchers to be the product of her own
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and St. Paul's writings, supposed to have been communicated by the spirit of
Cleophas, one of Paul's followers. This was later supplemented by
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In the 1940s and 50s she worked with psychiatrists to develop a model for using spiritualism to treat mental illness, ideas she explored in
231:(1951) was a spiritual autobiography. She also published several books of spiritually-derived knowledge about details of the life of Jesus.
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noted that unlike most spiritualists, Cummins did not accept the phenomena at face value and questioned the source of the material.
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136:. In her youth she was an athlete, becoming a member of the Irish Women's International Hockey Team. She was also active as a
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Her novels and plays typically documented Irish life in a naturalist manner, often exploring the pathos of everyday life.
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Healing the Mind; How Extra-Sensory Perception can be Used in the Investigation and Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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She was born in Cork, Ireland, the daughter of the physician Ashley Cummins, professor of medicine at the
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and E. B. Gibbes. She received alleged messages from her spirit-guide "Astor" and was an exponent of
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Wendy E. Cousins, "Writer, Medium, Suffragette, Spy? The Unseen Adventures of Geraldine Cummins",
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was produced by the Chanticleer Theatre, London, in 1938. She also published another novel,
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Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies
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The Need for Responsibility in Parapsychology: My Sixty Years in Psychical Research
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Gods, Spirits, Cosmic Guardians: A Comparative Study of the Encounter Experience
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published in 1955, contains her automatist scripts allegedly from the spirit of
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Swan on a Black Sea; a Study in Automatic Writing; the Cummins-Willett Scripts
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Cummins' next work described human progress through spiritual enlightenment.
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827:. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. Volume 43. pp. 289–300.
198:. Her books were based on these communications. In 1928 she published
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Heywood, Rosalind, "Notes on the Mediumship of Geraldine Cummins",
666:(Volume 4, Issues 1–2) Dr "Connell" was in fact Cummins' brother.
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information published in Cummins' scripts allegedly from Mrs
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Swan on a Black Sea: How Much Could Miss Cummins Have Known?
109:(24 January 1890 –24 August 1969) was an Irish spiritualist
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in 1919, a naturalistic study of working class Irish life.
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by Suzanne Day and Geraldine Cummins at Great War Theatre
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Every wall a door: exploring psychic surgery and healing
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Anderson, R. I. "The Mediumship of Geraldine Cummins."
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She began to work as a medium following prompting from
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148:, the most successful of which was the comedy
1769:20th-century Irish dramatists and playwrights
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694:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
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265:Her biography of writer and spiritualist
843:. Oxford University Press. pp. 105–106.
679:, Aquarian Press. See also Anne Dooley,
716:. London: Longman, Green & Company.
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239:effort. This included information from
1784:Irish women dramatists and playwrights
761:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
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318:According to the psychical researcher
269:was published in 1952. She also wrote
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622:Irish Women Writers: An A-To-Z Guide
171:(1936) and a short-story collection
1402:List of Spiritualist organizations
864:Works by or about Geraldine Cummins
416:(Chanticleer Theatre, London, 1938)
251:, Franklin D. Roosevelt's mother.
120:Early life and creative literature
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841:Missing Persons: An Autobiography
714:Fifty Years of Psychical Research
599:. Gale Research Company. p. 370.
763:. pp. 161–174. Prometheus Books
452:Dr. E. ΠSomerville: A Biography
152:(1917). She published the novel
804:. Aquarian Press. pp. 158-163.
802:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
675:Cummins, G. & Connell, R.,
348:and unconscious dramatization.
126:National University of Ireland
92:Novelist, playwright/dramatist
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543:The Fate of Colonel Fawcett
362:National Library of Ireland
332:The Fate of Colonel Fawcett
271:The Fate of Colonel Fawcett
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732:. Aquarian Press. p. 103.
519:The Resurrection of Christ
351:Other researchers such as
165:Till Yesterday Comes Again
1437:Spiritual church movement
780:Rodger Anderson. (2006).
662:According to the journal
477:The Great Days of Ephesus
214:The Great Days of Ephesus
107:Geraldine Dorothy Cummins
50:Geraldine Dorothy Cummins
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800:Simeon Edmunds. (1966).
784:. McFarland. pp. 36-37.
557:, 1957 (with R. Connell)
509:, 1945 (with R. Connell)
489:Beyond Human Personality
1779:Irish spiritual mediums
1703:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
1568:Carlos María de Heredia
696:45, 746, December 1970.
620:Alexander G. Gonzalez,
483:The Road to Immortality
465:The Scripts of Cleophas
284:Winifred Coombe Tennant
221:The Road to Immortality
200:The Scripts of Cleophas
159:As she concentrated on
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1442:Arthur Findlay College
1281:William Stainton Moses
1246:Gladys Osborne Leonard
549:Mind in Life and Death
525:Travellers in Eternity
495:The Childhood of Jesus
410:; Abbey Theatre, 1917)
400:; Abbey Theatre, 1914)
390:; Abbey Theatre, 1913)
144:in collaboration with
1593:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
1498:Milbourne Christopher
1407:Spiritualist churches
1276:Lorin Morgan-Richards
1271:William Usborne Moore
940:Cross-Correspondences
651:The Paranormal Review
1608:John Nevil Maskelyne
1508:Edmund Smith Conklin
837:Eric Robertson Dodds
821:Mary Rose Barrington
537:I Appeal Unto Caesar
531:The Manhood of Jesus
433:The Fires of Beltane
414:Till Yesterday Comes
394:The Way of the World
353:Mary Rose Barrington
225:Frederic W. H. Myers
205:Acts of the Apostles
1683:Julien J. Proskauer
1473:George Miller Beard
1468:John Henry Anderson
1206:Daniel Dunglas Home
923:History and beliefs
561:Swan on a Black Sea
427:The Land they Loved
367:Swan on a Black Sea
180:Somerville and Ross
154:The Land they Loved
1723:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
1558:William A. Hammond
1361:Stanisława Tomczyk
1351:Emanuel Swedenborg
1301:Ethel Post-Parrish
1266:Francis Ward Monck
1111:Arthur Conan Doyle
985:Spirit photography
507:Perceptive Healing
256:Perceptive Healing
241:Theodore Roosevelt
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1728:Lyttelton Winslow
1693:Donovan Rawcliffe
1658:E. Clephan Palmer
1628:Georgess McHargue
1518:Stuart Cumberland
1493:William Carpenter
1412:Spiritist centres
1371:George Valiantine
1291:Eusapia Palladino
1261:Carmine Mirabelli
1221:Swami Laura Horos
1171:Kathleen Goligher
1096:Geraldine Cummins
1051:Stephen E. Braude
990:Spirit possession
975:Spiritual healing
935:Automatic writing
406:(co-written with
396:(co-written with
386:(co-written with
346:subliminal memory
300:automatic writing
229:Unseen Adventures
196:automatic writing
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1623:Henry C. McComas
1528:Joseph Dunninger
1306:James Van Praagh
1196:Gordon Higginson
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1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Harry Edwards
1124:
1122:
1121:Eddy Brothers
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Florence Cook
1079:
1077:
1076:Doris Collins
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Sylvia Browne
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Bangs Sisters
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:Spiritualists
1012:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Table-turning
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Spirit guides
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:Faith healing
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
887:
886:
883:
877:
875:
874:Fox and Geese
871:
869:
865:
862:
861:
857:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
830:
826:
822:
817:
814:
811:
807:
803:
797:
794:
791:
787:
783:
777:
774:
770:
769:0-87975-300-5
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Eric Dingwall
745:
742:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
699:
695:
689:
686:
682:
678:
672:
669:
665:
659:
656:
652:
646:
644:
640:
636:
630:
627:
623:
617:
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594:
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579:
575:
572:
571:
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541:
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532:
529:
526:
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517:
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502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:
459:Psychic works
458:
453:
450:
449:
445:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
424:
420:
415:
412:
409:
405:
404:Fox and Geese
402:
399:
395:
392:
389:
385:
382:
381:
377:
372:
370:
368:
363:
359:
354:
349:
347:
343:
342:
341:Occult Review
337:
333:
328:
325:
321:
320:Eric Dingwall
316:
314:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
289:
285:
280:
276:
275:Percy Fawcett
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
192:Hester Dowden
185:
183:
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176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
150:Fox and Geese
147:
143:
142:Abbey Theatre
139:
135:
131:
127:
119:
117:
114:
112:
108:
99:
95:
91:
89:Occupation(s)
87:
83:
79:
71:
67:
63:Cork, Ireland
48:
44:
31:
26:
19:
16:
1713:Gordon Stein
1538:Chris French
1503:Edward Clodd
1488:Derren Brown
1478:Ruth Brandon
1463:David Abbott
1386:Chico Xavier
1346:Doris Stokes
1321:Jane Roberts
1251:Oliver Lodge
1236:Allan Kardec
1216:William Hope
1151:Leslie Flint
1116:Helen Duncan
1106:Frank Decker
1101:Pearl Curran
1095:
1086:Mina Crandon
1071:Eva Carrière
1046:Ada Besinnet
1021:Derek Acorah
995:Spirit world
912:Spiritualism
873:
840:
832:
824:
816:
801:
796:
781:
776:
760:
752:
744:
729:
726:Hilary Evans
721:
713:
709:
701:
693:
688:
680:
676:
671:
663:
658:
650:
637:11, 3, 1983.
634:
629:
621:
596:
593:Lewis Spence
588:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
524:
518:
513:They Survive
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
451:
439:Variety Show
438:
432:
426:
413:
403:
393:
384:Broken Faith
383:
366:
350:
339:
331:
329:
317:
313:Hilary Evans
304:subconscious
297:
287:
270:
264:
259:
255:
253:
236:World War II
233:
228:
220:
218:
213:
209:
203:
199:
189:
177:
173:Variety Show
172:
168:
164:
158:
153:
149:
134:Iris Cummins
123:
115:
106:
105:
74:(1969-08-24)
15:
1759:1969 deaths
1754:1890 births
1688:James Randi
1678:Harry Price
1653:Joe Nickell
1638:Albert Moll
1603:David Marks
1533:Henry Evans
1381:Etta Wriedt
1376:Jack Webber
1341:Henry Slade
1326:William Roy
1191:Alec Harris
1186:Robert Hare
1156:Arthur Ford
1146:Fox sisters
1141:Colin Evans
1131:John Edward
1031:Dan Aykroyd
706:Harry Price
446:Non-Fiction
408:Suzanne Day
398:Suzanne Day
388:Suzanne Day
358:E. R. Dodds
308:Harry Price
258:(1945) and
212:(1930) and
138:suffragette
81:Nationality
39: 1915
1748:Categories
1718:Amy Tanner
1573:Carl Hertz
1311:Bert Reese
1226:Cecil Husk
1176:Rita Goold
960:Mediumship
839:. (2000).
823:. (1966).
759:. (1985).
757:Paul Kurtz
751:. (1985).
728:. (1987).
708:. (1939).
653:, 45, 3–7.
595:. (1991).
161:mediumship
130:Mary Hearn
100:mediumship
56:1890-01-24
1366:Ena Twigg
1181:Jan Guzyk
1161:Colin Fry
945:Ectoplasm
916:spiritism
294:Reception
1456:Skeptics
568:See also
290:(1965).
279:Atlantis
216:(1933).
175:(1959).
34:Cummins
866:at the
664:Psychic
421:Fiction
234:During
1005:Theism
965:Séance
930:Apport
847:
808:
788:
767:
736:
603:
563:, 1965
551:, 1956
545:, 1955
539:, 1950
533:, 1949
527:, 1948
521:, 1947
515:, 1946
503:, 1944
497:, 1937
491:, 1935
485:, 1933
479:, 1933
473:, 1930
467:, 1928
454:, 1952
441:, 1959
435:, 1936
429:, 1918
324:Willet
111:medium
755:. In
712:. In
635:Theta
580:Notes
378:Plays
373:Works
84:Irish
914:and
845:ISBN
806:ISBN
786:ISBN
765:ISBN
734:ISBN
601:ISBN
298:The
247:and
132:and
69:Died
46:Born
286:):
1750::
642:^
611:^
243:,
227:.
36:c.
904:e
897:t
890:v
58:)
54:(
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