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The fruit capsule consists of five cells joined to a column produced from the centre of the flower. The cells form lobes which eventually separate, each containing one seed. When the fruit is ripe, the beak-like stigma springs open and casts the ovoid, streamlined seeds some distance, dispersing the
672:
All the above species are perennials and generally winter-hardy plants, grown for their attractive flowers and foliage. They are long-lived and most have a mounding habit, with palmately lobed foliage. Some species have spreading rhizomes. They are normally grown in part shade to full sun, in
1469:
264:
are broadly circular in form. The flowers have five petals and are coloured white, pink, purple, or blue, often with distinctive veining. Geraniums will grow in any soil as long as it is not waterlogged.
920:
326:
garden hybrid called âAnn
Thomsonâ, showing 5 free sepals, 5 free petals, 10 free fertile stamens, and a superior ovary consisting of 5 merged carpels, with 5 style branches
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A number of geranium species are cultivated for horticultural use and for pharmaceutical products. Some of the more commonly grown species include:
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484:) flowers have two upper petals which are different from the three lower petals, so the flowers have a single plane of symmetry (
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2651:
2293:
2236:
Aedo, Carlos; Garmendia, Felix Munoz (February 1996). "Some Notes on the
Sectional Nomenclature of Geranium (Geraniaceae)".
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The flowers are typically five-petaled and white to purple. The leaves are palmate divided into narrow, pointed segments.
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1302:"Evidence of Protocarnivorous Capabilities in Geranium viscosissimum and Potentilla arguta and Other Sticky Plants"
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regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, with the greatest diversity in the eastern part of the
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749:. Some of these are not winter-hardy in cold areas and are grown in specialized gardens like rock gardens.
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Jelitto, Leo; Schacht, Wilhelm; Epp, Michael E.; Baumgardt (ed. and transl.), John Philip (1990),
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1252:"Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum"
1498:
Herbaceous
Perennial Plants: A Treatise on their Identification, Culture, and Garden Attributes
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2004:
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Frequency-dependent pollinator discrimination acts against female plants in the gynodioecious
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114:
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382:
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1132:
The
Dictionary of Science for Gardeners: 6000 Scientific Terms Explored and Explained
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227:
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The shape of the flowers offers one way of distinguishing between the two genera
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is by semiripe cuttings in summer, by seed, or by division in autumn or spring.
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35:
17:
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163:
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1758:"RHS Plant Selector Geranium Ă oxonianum 'A.T. Johnson' AGM / RHS Gardening"
1365:
778:
46:
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1454:
472:
flowers have five very similar petals, and are thus radially symmetrical (
2628:
2321:
1345:
789:(other cultivars are dealt with under their species name - see above):-
140:
1471:
Geranium and
Pelargonium: History of Nomenclature, Usage and Cultivation
2480:
2259:
2103:"RHS Plant Selector Geranium ROZANNE= 'Gerwat' PBR AGM / RHS Gardening"
1446:
1430:
1406:
677:. Other perennial species grown for their flowers and foliage include:
434:
223:
2506:
347:'. The English name 'cranesbill' derives from the resemblance of the
153:
2298:
2251:
1350:(rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 62.
1317:
2519:
2418:
1593:"Pelargonium incarnatum - Is it a Geranium? No it's a Pelargonium"
768:
674:
381:
317:
273:
238:
219:
101:
1984:"RHS Plant Selector Geranium 'Mavis Simpson' AGM / RHS Gardening"
1193:
American
Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers
432:
in 1789. Other former members of the genus are now classified in
261:
2302:
1736:"RHS Plant Selector Geranium 'Ann Folkard' AGM / RHS Gardening"
2405:
334:
1669:, vol. 1, Portland, OR: Timber Press, pp. 260â64,
441:
The term "hardy geranium" is often applied to horticultural
438:, including the plants known as filarees in North America.
2288:
773:
Close up of a geranium flower (possibly 'Johnson's Blue')
2031:"RHS Plant Selector Geranium 'Orion' AGM / RHS Gardening"
1908:"RHS Plant Selector Geranium 'Dilys' AGM / RHS Gardening"
1617:"Tom Karwin, On Gardening | Visiting the Geranium family"
351:
of some of the species to a crane's head and bill. The
1716:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 39
1218:
Variation in self-fertility and floral characters of
673:
well-draining but moisture retentive soils, rich in
2311:
1550:"Geranium or Pelargonium? Let's Stop the Confusion"
1407:"Ecological Correlates of Explosive Seed Dispersal"
428:, but they were later separated into two genera by
424:originally included all the species in one genus,
933:Flora von Deutschland, Ăsterreich und der Schweiz
30:This article is about the botanical genus called
1643:Rodale's illustrated encyclopedia of perennials
1645:, Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, pp. 373â76,
1224:. Plant Systematics and Evolution 166:225-241.
1641:Phillips, Ellen; Colston Burrell, C. (1993),
8:
2210:"RHS Plant Selector Results / RHS Gardening"
1405:Stamp, Nancy E.; Lucas, Jeffrey R. (1983).
1222:(Geraniaceae) along an elevational gradient
386:The "bill" and seed dispersal mechanism of
2299:
1525:The Plant Lover's Guide to Hardy Geraniums
1250:Elzinga, Jelmer A.; Varga, Sandra (2017).
66:
55:
1347:Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary
355:portion forms the head and the prolonged
34:. For the summer bedding "geranium", see
1166:100 Plants That Won't Die in Your Garden
1124:
1122:
579:(bigroot cranesbill or bigroot geranium)
1574:"Geranium Climate: Sun and Temperature"
1306:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1118:
891:
457:species are winter-hardy (see below).
416:and are widely grown as horticultural
306:(sticky geranium) is considered to be
2289:Geranium Taxonomic Information System
753:'Johnson's Blue' is a hybrid between
7:
2657:c3464a9c-82b3-4c1d-a466-66e39d70fc6a
2582:c2f7821a-349d-417a-8f16-03cf3ff60b4d
1339:
1337:
1335:
1190:Brickell, Christopher (2011-08-15).
1074:Geranium (possibly 'Johnson's Blue')
399:Confusingly, "geranium" is also the
1061:Geranium petal under the microscope
1129:Allaby, Michael (26 August 2015).
359:creates the appearance of a beak.
25:
1495:Armitage, Allan M. (2008-05-01).
1468:Lis-Balchin, Maria (2002-10-03).
449:s, which are not winter-hardy in
2621:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327764-2
2271:in North America: the Perennials
1080:
1066:
1054:
1038:
1022:
1006:
989:
972:
956:
940:
919:
903:
894:
249:. They are found throughout the
88:
1501:. Quarto Publishing Group USA.
453:horticulture. However, not all
445:s to distinguish them from the
330:The genus name is derived from
2294:Preparing Geraniums for Winter
1522:Parer, Robin (20 April 2016).
1240:Annals of Botany 114:1769â1778
1163:Tibballs, Geoff (2017-03-09).
761:(European meadow cranesbill).
292:. At least several species of
1:
2284:ITIS list of Geranium species
1835:Blue Sunrise='Blogold' (PBR)"
1784:(Cinereum Group) 'Ballerina'"
1597:Phillipskop Mountain Reserve
1169:. Little, Brown Book Group.
2708:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1667:Hardy herbaceous perennials
1344:Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) .
1279:10.1016/j.flora.2016.11.007
783:Royal Horticultural Society
757:(southwestern China), with
272:Geraniums are eaten by the
241:that are commonly known as
2724:
1300:Spomer, George G. (1999).
1233:Van Etten and Chang 2014.
335:
44:
29:
1711:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
1384:Australian Plants Society
202:
197:
85:Scientific classification
83:
74:
65:
58:
40:Geranium (disambiguation)
27:Genus of flowering plants
2081:Rothbury Gem = 'Gerfos'"
619:(broad-petaled geranium)
409:, which are also in the
403:of members of the genus
45:Not to be confused with
814:Blue Sunrise='Blogold'
2056:Pattricia = 'Brempat'"
774:
656:Geranium subcaulescens
396:
327:
303:Geranium viscosissimum
38:. For other uses, see
1220:Geranium caespitosum
949:Geranium platypetalum
859:Rothbury Gem='Gerfos'
787:Award of Garden Merit
777:The following hybrid
772:
635:(Armenian cranesbill)
616:Geranium platypetalum
600:Geranium Ă magnificum
576:Geranium macrorrhizum
562:Geranium grandiflorum
536:(Endres's cranesbill)
385:
321:
1591:Chris (2015-11-28).
1216:Hessing, M.B. 1989.
998:Geranium robertianum
746:G. wlassovianum
740:G. wallichianum
632:Geranium psilostemon
571:(Caucasus geranium),
557:Geranium himalayense
552:(Fremont's geranium)
506:(crested cranesbill)
322:Floral diagram of a
260:The palmately cleft
255:Mediterranean region
2133:'Russell Prichard'"
2125:"RHS Plantfinder -
2052:"RHS Plantfinder -
1929:"RHS Plantfinder -
1883:"RHS Plantfinder -
1806:"RHS Plantfinder -
1621:Santa Cruz Sentinel
1423:1983Oecol..59..272S
1380:"Geranium homeanum"
1271:2017FMDFE.226...72E
984:(meadow cranesbill)
965:Geranium sanguineum
710:G. pylzowianum
664:Geranium sylvaticum
651:(bloody cranesbill)
648:Geranium sanguineum
627:(meadow cranesbill)
595:(giant herb robert)
560:, often sold under
526:Geranium dalmaticum
521:(Clarke's geranium)
1431:10.1007/BF00378848
1238:Geranium maculatum
1089:Geranium dissectum
1031:Geranium maculatum
1015:Geranium maderense
912:Geranium maculatum
865:'Russell Prichard'
856:Patricia='Brempat'
775:
734:G. versicolor
704:G. procurrens
686:G. eriostemon
680:Geranium argenteum
611:(dusky cranesbill)
592:Geranium maderense
584:Geranium maculatum
549:Geranium fremontii
541:Geranium erianthum
533:Geranium endressii
430:Charles LâHĂ©ritier
397:
328:
280:species including
77:Geranium dissectum
2698:Geraniales genera
2680:
2679:
2590:Open Tree of Life
2393:Geranium fanciulo
2305:Taxon identifiers
2212:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
2105:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
2033:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1986:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1910:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1760:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1738:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1690:"Paghat's Garden"
1676:978-0-88192-159-5
1652:978-0-87596-570-3
1554:Laidback Gardener
1535:978-1-60469-418-5
1508:978-1-61058-380-0
1481:978-0-203-21653-8
1386:. 17 January 2024
1203:978-0-7566-7508-0
1176:978-1-4721-3800-2
1142:978-1-60469-483-3
1047:Geranium arboreum
981:Geranium pratense
874:'Wargrave Pink' (
821:
797:'A. T. Johnson' (
728:G. tuberosum
722:G. traversii
667:(wood cranesbill)
659:(grey cranesbill)
643:(Renard geranium)
640:Geranium renardii
624:Geranium pratense
568:Geranium ibericum
511:Geranium cinereum
211:
210:
193:
16:(Redirected from
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2559:NHMSYS0000459031
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1578:geraniumpage.com
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1528:. Timber Press.
1519:
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1417:(2/3): 272â278.
1402:
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1135:. Timber Press.
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993:
976:
960:
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923:
907:
898:
862:Rozanne='Gerwat'
815:
781:have gained the
759:G. pratense
716:G. renardii
603:(showy geranium)
544:(wooly geranium)
518:Geranium clarkei
503:Geranium albanum
392:
338:
337:
308:protocarnivorous
189:
93:
92:
70:
56:
21:
18:Geranium (genus)
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1002:
994:
985:
977:
968:
961:
952:
945:
936:
928:Geranium phaeum
924:
915:
908:
899:
890:
885:
847:'Mavis Simpson'
767:
698:G. nodosum
692:G. farreri
670:
608:Geranium phaeum
587:(wild geranium)
494:
390:
380:
375:Confusion with
365:
316:
188:
87:
50:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2670:wfo-4000015557
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2189:
2188:'Wageningen'"
2187:
2183:
2175:
2172:
2159:
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2149:
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2134:
2132:
2131:riversleainum
2128:
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1810:'Blue Cloud'"
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2229:Bibliography
2214:. Retrieved
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2185:
2181:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2155:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2130:
2126:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2078:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2053:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2006:
1999:
1988:. Retrieved
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1959:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1934:
1930:
1923:
1912:. Retrieved
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1887:'Danny Boy'"
1884:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1861:'Brookside'"
1858:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1832:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1807:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1781:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1705:
1694:. Retrieved
1692:. Paghat.com
1684:
1666:
1660:
1642:
1636:
1625:. Retrieved
1623:. 2022-11-24
1620:
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1553:
1544:
1524:
1517:
1497:
1490:
1470:
1463:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1346:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1262:
1258:
1245:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1192:
1185:
1165:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1131:
1104:
1087:
1073:
1045:
1029:
1013:
996:
979:
963:
947:
932:
926:
910:
879:
875:
871:'Wageningen'
838:
834:
824:'Brookside'
811:'Blue Cloud'
808:'Ballerina'
802:
798:
776:
758:
754:
750:
744:
738:
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726:
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134:
121:
108:
75:
59:
52:
51:
31:
2502:iNaturalist
2337:Wikispecies
1720:27 February
1196:. Penguin.
827:'Danny Boy'
492:Cultivation
486:zygomorphic
478:Pelargonium
476:), whereas
466:Pelargonium
447:Pelargonium
414:Geraniaceae
406:Pelargonium
401:common name
377:Pelargonium
363:Description
278:Lepidoptera
267:Propagation
247:cranesbills
174:Geraniaceae
128:Angiosperms
36:Pelargonium
2687:Categories
2246:(1): 104.
2037:2013-09-17
1990:2013-09-17
1935:lindavicum
1914:2013-09-17
1696:2013-09-17
1627:2024-04-05
1602:2024-04-05
1559:2024-04-05
1113:References
839:lindavicum
480:(and also
290:mouse moth
286:ghost moth
282:brown-tail
164:Geraniales
2427:FloraBase
2186:oxonianum
2009:'Nimbus'"
1439:0029-8549
1411:Oecologia
1326:1058-5893
1265:: 72â81.
880:oxonianum
850:'Nimbus'
833:'Gypsy' (
803:oxonianum
779:cultivars
765:Cultivars
451:temperate
251:temperate
243:geraniums
236:perennial
205:See list.
98:Kingdom:
47:germanium
2693:Geranium
2652:VicFlora
2641:VASCAN:
2634:40013761
2629:Tropicos
2520:327764-2
2468:geranium
2388:eFloraSA
2343:Geranium
2322:Wikidata
2313:Geranium
2269:Geranium
2182:Geranium
2158:'Sirak'"
2156:Geranium
2127:Geranium
2079:Geranium
2054:Geranium
2007:Geranium
1960:Geranium
1937:'Gypsy'"
1885:Geranium
1859:Geranium
1833:Geranium
1808:Geranium
1782:Geranium
1455:28310244
1366:25708726
1287:85558947
1105:Geranium
1103:List of
1097:See also
751:Geranium
470:Geranium
462:Geranium
455:Geranium
443:Geranium
426:Geranium
422:Linnaeus
420:plants.
394:pratense
324:Geranium
294:Geranium
276:of some
232:biennial
215:Geranium
198:Species
185:Geranium
170:Family:
141:Eudicots
60:Geranium
32:Geranium
2533:1072922
2481:2889949
2328:Q157211
2260:1222593
2216:5 April
2194:11 July
2164:14 July
2138:2 March
2109:5 April
2087:14 July
2061:2 March
2015:11 July
1968:11 July
1962:'Ivan'"
1942:1 March
1892:2 March
1867:11 July
1841:11 July
1815:1 March
1790:11 July
1764:5 April
1742:5 April
1447:4217097
1419:Bibcode
1390:5 April
1267:Bibcode
1148:5 April
1107:species
888:Gallery
868:'Sirak'
853:'Orion'
844:'Ivan'
830:'Dilys'
482:Erodium
435:Erodium
418:bedding
371:seeds.
341:géranos
336:ÎłÎÏÎ±ÎœÎżÏ
224:species
222:of 422
180:Genus:
160:Order:
102:Plantae
2603:PLANTS
2595:948948
2579:NZOR:
2465:FoIO:
2458:113475
2445:113475
2354:190942
2351:APDB:
2267:Genus
2258:
1673:
1649:
1532:
1505:
1478:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1364:
1354:
1324:
1285:
1200:
1173:
1139:
743:, and
411:family
391:
357:stigma
288:, and
274:larvae
262:leaves
239:plants
234:, and
228:annual
154:Rosids
2608:GERAN
2546:29104
2528:IRMNG
2507:47701
2432:22439
2419:1GERG
2406:14470
2367:79560
2256:JSTOR
2239:Taxon
2190:. RHS
2160:. RHS
2083:. RHS
2011:. RHS
1964:. RHS
1863:. RHS
1837:. RHS
1786:. RHS
1714:(PDF)
1443:JSTOR
1283:S2CID
1259:Flora
1255:(PDF)
675:humus
353:ovary
345:crane
220:genus
218:is a
148:Clade
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
2644:1203
2616:POWO
2572:4028
2567:NCBI
2541:ITIS
2515:IPNI
2494:4924
2489:GRIN
2476:GBIF
2414:EPPO
2380:4N5F
2362:APNI
2218:2020
2196:2020
2166:2020
2140:2018
2111:2020
2089:2020
2063:2018
2017:2020
1970:2020
1944:2018
1894:2018
1869:2020
1843:2020
1817:2018
1792:2020
1766:2020
1744:2020
1722:2018
1671:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1530:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1451:PMID
1435:ISSN
1392:2024
1362:OCLC
1352:ISBN
1322:ISSN
1198:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1150:2024
1137:ISBN
935:1885
464:and
314:Name
296:are
2665:WFO
2554:NBN
2453:FoC
2440:FNA
2401:EoL
2375:CoL
2248:doi
1427:doi
1314:doi
1310:160
1275:doi
1263:226
818:PBR
785:'s
488:).
343:) '
245:or
226:of
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2129:Ă
1933:Ă
1931:G.
1619:.
1595:.
1576:.
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1449:.
1441:.
1433:.
1425:.
1415:59
1413:.
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1382:.
1360:.
1334:^
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284:,
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230:,
191:L.
150::
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2198:.
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2168:.
2154:"
2142:.
2113:.
2091:.
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2065:.
2040:.
2019:.
2005:"
1993:.
1972:.
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1946:.
1917:.
1896:.
1871:.
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1724:.
1699:.
1630:.
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1394:.
1368:.
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1277::
1269::
1206:.
1179:.
1152:.
882:)
841:)
820:)
816:(
805:)
339:(
49:.
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
