Pelargonium - Knowledge

2484:(vi) Stellar varieties – A relatively modern genetic hybrid originating from the work done by the Australian hybridiser Ted Both in the late 1950s and 1960s from crosses between Australian species and Zonal types. Easily identifiable by their distinctive half-star-shaped leaves and slim-petalled blooms which create an impression of being star shaped (or five fingered). Single varieties tend to have larger elongated triangular petals whereas doubles tend to have thin feathered petals that are tightly packed together. For exhibition purposes there is a separate class for 'Stellar' varieties, but being Zonals could be shown in an open class for Basic, Dwarf or Miniature Zonals (unless otherwise stated). Also known as "The Five-fingered Geraniums", "Staphysagroides", "Both’s Staphs", "Both’s Hybrid Staphs", "Fingered Flowers" and "Bodey’s Formosum Hybrids". 2013: 2170:. It described seven groups, listing each cultivar with the list of its originator, and in most cases a date. These were Species, Zonals, Variegated-Leaved, Domesticum (Regals), Ivy-Leaved, Scented-Leaved and Old. In the 1970s the British Pelargonium and Geranium Society produced a checklist and the Australian Geranium Society started to produce a register but it was not completed till its author, Jean Llewellyn's death in 1999. None of these were published. The most complete list in its time was the 2001 compilation by The Geraniaceae Group, which included all cultivars up to 1959. 44: 1039:, based on clades A+B, and C respectively and seven sections based on subclades. Subsequent analysis with an expanded taxa set confirmed this infrageneric subdivision into two groups which also correspond to chromosome length (<1.5 μ, 1.5-3.0μ), but also two subclades within each major clade, suggesting the presence of four subgenera, these correspond to clades A, B, C1 and C2 of the earlier analysis, A being by far the largest clade with 141 taxa. As before the internal structure of the clades supported monophyly of some sections ( 2780:, which is extracted from the leaves and is an essential oil much used commercially in perfumery. The scent of some species growing in their natural habitat, acts as a deterrent to grazing animals who appear to dislike the emitted scent. Conversely, it also attracts other insect life to visit the bloom and pollinate the plant. The scented leaves can be used for potpourri and they also have a use as flavourings in cooking. Occasionally scented types can be found in some of the other groups mentioned; for example, the Angels, having 2391: 2730:, but a derivation from an older cultivar 'Old Unique’, also known as or ‘Rollinson’s Crimson’, in the mid-19th century is also claimed. Unique pelargoniums resemble upright Scented Leaf pelargoniums in being shrubby and woody evergreens. They have distinctly scented leaves, and small flowers with blotched and feathered petals. They may have bicolour foliage. Some types, popularly known in the hobby as hybrid Uniques, have been crossed with Regal pelargoniums and, as a result of this cross, are much more floriferous. 1145: 2119: 66: 2632: 2805: 2186: 1187: 1124: 3191: 3175: 2763: 2719: 267: 2644:

those cultivars grown currently are the result of hybridization over the last 50 years. They are very short-jointed and compact, which results in their requiring very little work in order to create a floriforous and well-rounded plant. Flowers are single, rarely double, in mauve, pink, purple or white. They have rounded, sometimes lobed or partially toothed (serrated) leaves, unlike the Zonal groups, without any type of zoning.

3183: 1166: 2306: 1103: 616: 631: 2683: 2478:(iv) Micro-miniature plants – Smaller and more slowly growing than miniature pelargoniums. Mature plants with foliage normally less than 100 mm (4 in) above the rim of the pot. They should not exceed 75 mm in height, grown in a 6 cm pot. Usually no separate classes for these in exhibition and will therefore normally be shown as Miniature Zonals. 2577: 2594:

all such growth size types including small-leaved varieties and genetic hybrid crosses, which display little or no zonal characteristics. May have bicolour leaves and may have flowers that are single, double or rosette. Ivy pelargoniums are often sold as series such as 'Great Balls of Fire', in a variety of colours such as 'Great Balls of Fire Burgundy'.

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obtain many new flower colour breaks and tighter growth habits resulting in plants suitable for all sorts of situations. Angels basically have the appearance of a small Regal with small serrated leaves and much smaller flowers and are more compact and bushy. The group extends to include similar small-leaved and -flowered types but usually with

431: 2510:(c) Bronze Leaved – Leaves of Green or Golden/Green with a heavy bronze or chestnut coloured centre zone which is known as a medallion. For exhibition purposes, when exhibited in specific ‘Bronze’ Leaf class – Must have over 50% of leaf surface bronze coloured. The dwarf plant ‘Overchurch’ which has a heavy bronze medallion. 2505:(ii) Silver Tricolour or Silver Leaf – These tend to resemble a normal bi-colour leaf plant with two distinct colours usually of green and pale cream or white; the third colour is usually made up of bronze zoning. When this zoning overlays the green part of the leaf it is deemed to represent a silver colour. 2593:

to retain moisture during periods of drought. Much used for hanging pots, tubs and basket cultivation. In the UK the bulbous double-headed types are preferred whilst on the European continent the balcon single types for large-scale hanging floral displays are favoured. Ivy-leaved pelargoniums embrace

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and many other compounds. The edible leaves and flowers are also used as a flavouring in desserts, cakes, jellies and teas. Scented-leafed pelargoniums can be used to flavor jellies, cakes, butters, ice cream, iced tea and other dishes, The rose-, lemon- and peppermint-scents are most commonly used.

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and succulent subshrubs, less frequently woody evergreen shrubs or annual herbs. Petals five, colour shades of pink to purple or yellow. Winter rainfall region of South Africa and adjacent Namibia, spreading to summer rainfall area, and two species in tropical Africa. Chromosomes x=11, may be 8–10.

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Shrubby evergreen perennials grown chiefly for their fragrance, may be species or cultivars but all must have a clear and distinct scented foliage. Scent is emitted when the leaves are touched or bruised with some scents aromatic, others pungent and in a few cases, quite unpleasant. Several of the

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Zonals include a variety of plant types along with genetic hybrids such as hybrid ivy-leaved varieties that display little or no ivy leaf characteristics (the Deacons varieties), or the Stellar varieties. Hybrid zonals are crosses between zonals and either a species or species-derived pelargonium.

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evergreen pelargoniums. In addition to "Regals" they are also known as “Show Pelargoniums”. In the United States they are often known as the "Martha Washington" or ‘"Lady Washington" pelargoniums. They are grown primarily for the beauty and richness of their flower heads, which are large. Most of

2502:(i) Gold Tricolour – Leaves of many colours including red and gold, but usually with clearly defined edges of golden yellow and having a leaf zone, usually red or bronze, that overlays two or more of the other distinct leaf colours, so that the zone itself appears as two or more distinct colours. 2700:

and a Regal variety in the early part of the 20th century. Angels have grown in popularity in the last 30 years or so due mainly to an explosion of new varieties being released by specialist nurseries resulting from the work done by dedicated amateur hybridisers. These hybrisers have managed to

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The species are the forefathers of all the cultivar groups listed above. In general, the definition of a species is that it breeds true, and is to be found doing this in the "wild". Species pelargoniums have a large diversity of characteristics in habit, shape, size and colour, which probably

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Registration of cultivars is the responsibility of the Pelargonium & Geranium Society (PAGS: formed in 2009 from the British Pelargonium and Geranium Society and the British and European Geranium Society) which administers the International Register of Pelargonium Cultivars. PAGS is the

1686:: Corresponds to clade B, with 39-42 species. Perennials, partly annuals. Petals five and equal, colour white or pink to deep purplish red. Mainly South Africa, but also other southern hemisphere except South America. a few species in East Africa and Ethiopia. Chromosomes x=7-19. 1695:: Corresponds to clade C2, with 25-27 species. Erect sometimes trailing shrubs or subshrubs, rarely geophytes or semi-geophytes. Petals five and equal, colour pink to red sometimes white. Summer rainfall region of South Africa, spreading into winter rainfall region and northern 2705:

in their parentage. They are mostly upright bush-type plants but there are some lax varieties that can be used for basket or hanging pot cultivation. Often called "pansy-faced" in the US. Some varieties have bicolour foliage. Other terms include ‘Langley-Smith Hybrids’.

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in their genetic makeup, can often have a strong citrus scent. Leaves are lobed, toothed, incised or variegated. Growth habit is very variable, but the flowers are less prominent than other groups, and most closely resemble the species they originated from.

2430:(ii) Dwarf plants – Smaller than basic. Mature plants with foliage more than 125 mm (5 in) above the rim of the pot, but not normally more than 180 mm (7 in). For exhibition should be grown in a pot exceeding 90 mm ( 409:

to warm temperate and tropical regions of the world, with many species in southern Africa. They are drought and heat tolerant but can tolerate only minor frosts. Some species are extremely popular garden plants, grown as houseplants and

2513:(d) Gold Leaved – Leaves coloured golden/yellow or green/yellow but not showing a tendency to green. For exhibition purposes, when exhibited in specific ‘Gold’ Leaf class – Must have over 50% of leaf surface gold coloured. 2227:

Of these, A, U and Sc groups are sometimes lumped together as Species Derived (Sppd). This term implies that they are closely related to a species from which they were derived, and do not fit into the R, I or Z groups.

2461:(iii) Miniature plants – Slowly growing pelargoniums. Mature plants with foliage normally less than 125 mm (5 in) above the rim of the pot. For exhibition should be grown in a pot not exceeding 90 mm ( 2364:

Zonal pelargoniums are mostly bush-type plants with succulent stems grown for the beauty of their flowers, traditionally red, salmon, violet, white or pink. The scarlet colouring is attributed to the contribution of

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for their scents. Although scented pelargoniums exist which have smells of citrus, mint, pine, spices or various fruits, the varieties with rose scents are most commercially important. Pelargonium distillates and

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Decorative pelargoniums (Decoratives) – Descendants of older, less compact, smaller-flowered varieties that are more suited to outdoor conditions. These have smaller flowers than Regal, but are otherwise similar.

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Cultivated pelargoniums are commonly divided into six groups in addition to species pelargoniums and primary hybrids. The following list is ordered by position in the PAGS classification. Abbreviations indicate

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species. The larvae of the geranium bronze bore into the stem of the host plant, causing the stem to typically turn black and die soon after. Geranium bronze are currently listed as an A2 quarantine pest by the

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Robert A. Price and Jeffrey D. Palmer. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Geraniaceae and Geraniales from rbcL Sequence Comparisons. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 80, No. 3 (1993), pp. 661–671

2481:(v) Deacon varieties –Genetic hybrid similar to a large Dwarf. For exhibition (when shown in a separate class), usually grown in a pot not exceeding 125 mm (5 in), otherwise as for Dwarf Zonals. 1669:, rarely herbaceous annuals. Petals five, but may be four, colour mainly white. Mainly winter rainfall region of South Africa, spreading into summer rainfall region. One species in northern Namibia and 538:-like clusters, which are occasionally branched. Because not all flowers appear simultaneously, but open from the centre outwards, this is a form of inflorescence is referred to as pseudoumbels. 2488:

Fancy-leaf zonal pelargoniums – besides having green leaves with or without zoning, this group also have variable coloured foliage that is sometimes used in classifying for exhibition purposes,

2399:(i) Basic plants – Mature plants with foliage normally exceeding 180 mm (7 in) in height above the rim of the pot. For exhibition these should be grown in a pot exceeding 120 mm ( 5595: 1997: 2589:

Also known as "ivy geraniums".Usually of lax growth (trailing), mainly due to the long thin stems, with thick, waxy ivy-shaped stiff fleshy evergreen leaves developed by the species

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There are hundreds of zonal cultivars available for sale, and like other cultivars are sold in series such as 'Rocky Mountain', each of which is named after its predominant colour,

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has been introduced to Europe and can develop into a pest on cultivated Pelargoniums. It has naturalised along the Mediterranean, but does not survive the winter in Westen Europe.

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Potter, D. A.; Held, D. W. (1999). "Absence of food-aversion learning by a polyphagous scarab, Popillia japonica, following intoxication by geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum".

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Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta

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Bakker, F. T.; Culham, A. & Gibby, M. (1999). "Chapter16. Phylogenetics and diversification in Pelargonium". In Hollingsworth, P.; Bateman, R. & Gornall, R. (eds.).

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hardiness zones 9 through 12. Zonal geraniums are basically tropical perennials. Although they are often grown as annuals, they may overwinter in zones as cool as zone 7.

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is in southwestern South Africa where rainfall is confined to the winter, unlike the rest of the country where rainfall is predominantly in the summer months. Most of the

567:(nectary tube). The nectary tube varies from only a few millimeters, up to several centimeters, and is an important floral characteristic in morphological classification. 6129:

Bakker, Freek T.; Culham, Alastair; Pankhurst, Clive E. & Gibby, Mary (May 2000). "Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA-based phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)".

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are true species, and which are cultivars or hybrids. The nomenclature has changed considerably since the first plants were introduced to Europe in the 17th century.

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cultivars, the growing of which was revived in the mid-twentieth century, and the origins of many if not most were lost in obscurity. In 1916 the American botanist

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Unique in sense of not fitting into any of the above categories. The parentage of Unique pelargoniums is confused and obscure. One theory being a derivation from

2519:(f) Butterfly Leaved – Leaves with a butterfly marking of distinct tone or hue in centre of leaf. This can be encompassed in many of the coloured leaf varieties. 6698: 4639: 2492:‘Bicolour’, ‘Tricolour’, ‘Bronze’ or ‘Gold’. Other foliage types are: ‘Black’ or ‘Butterfly’. There are an increasing number of these plants with showy blooms; 2175: 2540:(d) Rosebud (or noisette) flowered – each bloom fully double and ‘hearted’. The middle petals are so numerous that they remain unopened like the bud of a rose. 2032:

are regular participants in flower shows and competitive events, with numerous societies devoted exclusively to their cultivation. They are easy to propagate

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present within the flower petals is responsible for causing paralysis of the Japanese beetle. Quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a

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Miniature – Flowers and leaves similar to Regal, but miniature in form, with compact growth. Other terms include “Pansy Geraniums” or “Pansy Pelargoniums”.

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Garbuzov, Mihail; Ratnieks, Francis L. W. (2013). "Quantifying variation among garden plants in attractiveness to bees and other flower-visiting insects".

2533:(c) Double flowered (D)– each flower pip composed of more than nine petals (i.e. double the standard flower set) but not ‘hearted’ like the bud of a rose, 2496:(a) Bicolour – includes those with white or cream veined leaves or those with two distinct colours with clearly defined edges, other than the basic zone. 3768: 766: 737:" (Those who wish a new genus can therefore call those, whose flowers are unequal or irregular, ‘Pelargonia’). The name was then formally introduced by 387: 166: 2543:(e) Tulip flowered – having semi-double blooms that never fully open. The large cup shaped petals open just sufficiently to resemble a miniature tulip. 2166:(i.e. from the home). In the late 1950s a list (the Spalding List) was produced in the United States, based on nursery listings and the 1897 list of 6607: 1911:, an important agricultural insect pest, becomes rapidly paralyzed after consuming flower petals of the garden hybrids known as "zonal geraniums" ( 6672: 6620: 2231:

In addition to the primary groups, additional descriptors are used. The Royal Horticultural Society has created description codes. These include;

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In Vitro Pharmacological Properties and Composition of Leaf Essential Oils and Extracts of Selected Indigenous Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) Species

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regions. They have a long flowering period, with flowers mostly in red, orange, or white, but intensive breeding has produced a huge array of

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is also the botanical name and common name of a separate genus of related plants, also known as cranesbills. Both genera belong to the family

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Weng, ML; Ruhlman, TA; Gibby, M; Jansen, RK (Sep 2012). "Phylogeny, rate variation, and genome size evolution of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)".

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Sixteen sections were then assigned to the new subgenera as follows, although many species remained only assigned to subgenera at this stage

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Martinou, A.F.; Papachristos, D.; Milonas, P.G. (2011). "Report of the Geranium Bronze Butter y, Cacyreus marshalli for mainland Greece".

2375:, particularly in summer bedding arrangements. This incorrect nomenclature is widely used in horticulture, particularly in North America. 5506: 2527:(a) Single flowered (S) – each flower pip normally having no more than five petals. This is the standard flower set for all Pelargoniums. 4182:"Characterizing toxicity of Pelargonium spp. and two other reputedly toxic plant species to Japanese beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" 6542: 5834: 4402: 3750: 3134:

A primary hybrid is recognised as being the resultant plant from a first-time cross between two different known species. Examples are

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Oriental pelargoniums – The result of crosses between Regals and members of the Angel group (see below). Some have bicolour foliage.

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These are known as zonal geraniums because many have zones or patterns in the center of the leaves, this is the contribution of the

4045: 3367:. Scented leaf pelargoniums have also been historically used as toilet paper by fishermen in remote places, such as the Minquiers. 2012: 1919:). The phenomenon was first described in 1920, and subsequently confirmed. Research conducted by Dr. Christopher Ranger with the 6646: 6274:

van der Walt, J.J.A. & Vorster, P.J. (February 1981). "Typification of the Genus Pelargonium L'Hérit. (Fam. Geraniaceae)".

4616: 2546:(f) Bird's-egg group – having blooms with petals that have spots in a darker shade than the base colour, like many birds eggs. 6786: 2041: 1982: 1978: 6100:

Aedo, Carlos & Garmendia, Félix Muñoz (Feb 1996). "Some Notes on the Sectional Nomenclature of Geranium (Geraniaceae)".

5577: 765:. Linnaeus' reputation prevented further differentiation for forty years. The eventual distinction between them was made by 6677: 5591: 5539: 6685: 2134:(1858–1954) introduced two new terms for zonal and regal pelargoniums. Those pelargoniums which were largely derived from 1923: 735:

Possent ergo ii, quibus novi generis cupido est, ea, quorum flores inaequales vel et irrregulares sunt, Pelargonia vocare

2279:'Chelsea Gem' (Z/d/v), indicating Zonal Double with variegated foliage. Crosses between groups are indicated with an ×, 1448: 43: 6516: 6331: 3199: 2882: 2195: 1738: 249: 3291:

Pelargoniums rank as one of the highest number of potted flowering plants sold and also in terms of wholesale value.

2516:(e) Black Leaved – Leaves coloured black, purple-black or with distinct large dark zones or centre markings on green. 65: 4418: 1024:. This in turn has led to a proposal, informal at this stage, of a reformulation of the infrageneric subdivision of 446: 6832: 6791: 6760: 4712: 3618: 3339:

Also used are those with hints of peach, cinnamon and orange. Commonly used lemon-scented culinary species include

5191: 1517: 555:). Thus the lower three (anterior) petals are differentiated from the upper two (posterior) petals. The posterior 6842: 6703: 5640:

Hunt, D. M.; K. S. Dulai; J. K. Bowmaker; J. D. Mollon (1995). "The chemistry of John Dalton's color blindness".

2828: 2088: 2077: 1974: 6765: 5563: 4495: 1769:, which has a worldwide distribution in temperate to subtropical zones with some 800 mostly herbaceous species. 6166:

Bakker, Freek T.; Culham, Alastair; Hettiarachi, Priyani; Touloumenidou, Tasoula & Gibby, Mary (Feb 2004).

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Ranger, C.M.; Winter, R. E.; Singh, A. P.; Reding, M. E.; Frantz, J. M.; Locke, J. C.; Krause, C. R. (2011).

2556:(h) Quilled (or cactus-flowered group, or poinsettia in USA) – having petals twisted and furled like a quill. 1639: 6200: 5988: 5399: 5373: 5295: 5061: 3476:

realized that he was color blind in 1794 when he heard others describe the color of the flowers of the pink

2836: 1505: 1370: 1284: 1250: 1230: 1137: 1116: 690:. The Geraniaceae have a number of genetic features unique amongst angiosperms, including highly rearranged 5425: 5243: 4983: 4894: 4455:, Hanes, Mitchell E., "Flower pigmentation in pelargonium hortorum", published October 29, 2013 1789:. Southern Africa contains 90% of the genus, with only about 30 species found elsewhere, predominantly the 1597: 6837: 6594: 6459: 5884: 5477: 5269: 4231:"Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle" 3526: 3301: 3033: 3007: 2976: 2767: 2152: 2141: 2100: 1630: 1609: 1293: 1179: 411: 193: 52: 5347: 4809: 4472: 1568: 1484: 6734: 6599: 5087: 3858: 3783: 3656: 3606: 3203: 3046: 2601:

Hybrid Ivy — the result of ivy × zonal crosses, but still more closely resemble ivy-leaved pelargoniums.

2549:(g) Speckled flowered group – having petals that are marked with splashes and flecks of another colour, 2343: 2082: 1316: 997: 797: 635: 5321: 1555: 1382: 1144: 6827: 6713: 6625: 6555: 6223:"Phylogenetics, character evolution and a subgeneric revision of the genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)" 5649: 5451: 4245: 4007: 3400: 3315: 2581: 2167: 2094: 1938: 1158: 855:, based on the classification of Knuth (1912) who described 15 sections, as modified by van der Walt 775: 603: 4771: 3318:, commonly known as "scented geranium oil" are sometimes used to supplement or adulterate expensive 2118: 1427: 996:

All subdivision classifications had depended primarily on morphological differences till the era of

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Davis, J.J. 1920. The green Japanese beetle. New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular. 30: 33.

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parent. Common names include storksbill, fish or horseshoe geraniums. They are also referred to as

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Dalton, John (1798). "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours: with observations".

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as pink or red, when to him it looked either pink or blue, having no relationship to red at all.

3478: 3054: 2349: 2322: 2136: 2106: 2017: 1882: 1328: 1270: 1221: 60: 6739: 5970: 1394: 1361: 1340: 6444:: descriptions of botanical species with plant and habitat photos, illustrations and literature 6010: 5513: 4085: 3421:

is used for its astringent, tonic and antiseptic effects. It is used internally for debility,

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in leaf shape and growth habit. The majority of Angel cultivars originate from a cross between

1460: 6721: 6664: 6529: 6402: 6154: 5899: 5858: 5830: 5822: 5800: 5753: 5732: 5665: 4577: 4510: 4398: 4304: 4273: 4212: 4023: 3910: 3897: 3746: 2844: 2631: 2499:(b) Tricolour – (May be Silver Tricolour (usually called a Silver Leaf) or a Gold Tricolour). 2073: 1708: 1415: 398: 6497: 3838: 6726: 6283: 6237: 6179: 6138: 6109: 6077: 6050: 6006: 5998: 5976: 5724: 5657: 5622: 4871: 4353: 4296: 4263: 4253: 4193: 4154: 4127: 4015: 3675: 3434: 2804: 2530:(b) Semi-double flowered (SD) – each flower pip normally having between six and nine petals. 2369:. Flowers may be double or single. They are the pelargoniums most often confused with genus 2185: 2065: 2037: 1931: 1826: 1585: 1472: 1186: 852: 658: 560: 282: 4860: 1123: 4330: 3504: 3461: 3422: 3376: 3190: 3174: 2762: 2718: 2040:. It is recommended that cuttings should have at least two nodes. Zonal geraniums grow in 1988: 1927: 1908: 1888: 1778: 738: 702: 346: 342: 334: 266: 103: 5937: 4882: 1087:

has been split up to provide this new section, which in itself contains two subsections,

729:. Dillenius, who referred to these seven species with apparent unique characteristics as 6586: 5653: 4249: 4049: 4011: 3395:

complaints and other conditions. Geranium (Pelargonium) oil is considered a relaxant in

3182: 1165: 607:(Ivy-leaved Geranium), have a thick cuticle better adapting them for drought tolerance. 4268: 3351:

cultivar group. Other species and cultivars with culinary use include the lime-scented

2305: 2021:, the first species of its genus to be cultivated, here shown in its native habitat in 1818: 1102: 615: 580: 90: 6250: 4883:

The University of Tennessee Gardens: Pelargonium x hortorum Rocky Mountain™ 'Dark Red'

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Miniature — miniature leaves and flowers, stems with short nodes, and compact growth.

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was unattractive to pollinators in comparison to other selected garden plants such as

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and other collaborating scientists have demonstrated the excitatory amino acid called

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first proposed dividing the genus into 12 sections in 1824, based on the diversity of

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bought seeds from Rene Morin in Paris and introduced the plant to England. By 1724,

583:. For the considerable diversity in flower morphology, see figure 1 of Röschenbleck 6804: 6221:

Röschenbleck, J; Albers, F; Müller, K; Weinl, S & Kudla, J (11 February 2014).

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Fancy leaf — leaves with marked color variation, together with or other than green.

2560:“Zonquil” pelargoniums result from a cross between Zonal pelargonium cultivars and 2061: 2033: 1873: 1834: 1822: 1774: 1021: 1005: 844: 722: 665: 512: 505: 466: 406: 242: 174: 6534: 6521: 6508: 6168:"Phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) based on DNA sequences from three genomes" 2475: in). They should not exceed 125 mm in height, grown in a 9 cm pot. 6019: 5893: 5852: 5794: 5747: 4452: 3938: 3800: 3740: 1000:(Price and Palmer 1993). However phylogenetic analysis shows only three distinct 601:, often on long stalks, and sometimes with light or dark patterns. The leaves of 6690: 6633: 6491: 4662: 4019: 3473: 3323: 2640: 1942: 1869: 1865: 1814: 1766: 1665:: Corresponds to clade C1, with 24 species. Perennial to short lived, spreading 840: 829: 813: 661: 542: 375: 354: 149: 6367: 6241: 5952: 5728: 4198: 4181: 2690:

Angel pelargoniums are similar to Regal pelargoniums but more closely resemble

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Les Géraniums (Pelargonium zonale & inquinans): description et culture ...

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has been used for intestinal problems, wounds and respiratory ailments, but

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accounts for them having retained their popularity for more than 300 years.

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based on four subgenera corresponding to their major clades (A, B, C1, C2);

1036: 718: 619: 524: 458: 209: 6778: 6158: 4277: 4131: 4027: 3533:, designated by van der Walt should be the lectotype species. Furthermore, 1934:

in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system.

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with great variety in size, flower colour, leaf form and aromatic foliage.

5980: 5669: 4643: 3801:"18th Century: Important People, Dates and Publications in the History of 1937:

A study by the Laboratory of Apiculture & Social Insects group at the

6773: 6476: 5626: 4419:"Gardening - Gardening Guides - Techniques - Taking pelargonium cuttings" 3327: 3319: 2777: 2371: 1961: 1794: 1674: 1670: 821: 682: 676: 576: 547: 419: 370: 116: 17: 3976:(in German). Vol. 129: Geraniaceae. Leipzig: Engelmann. p. 316 2576: 575:, and curvature are used to identify individual species. There are five 6612: 6295: 6191: 6150: 6121: 5958: 5592:"Pet Care: Animal Poison Control: Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants: Geranium" 3331: 3306: 2791: 1830: 1782: 1700: 1696: 1211:(2014) provide a complete revision of the subgeneric classification of 825: 721:

in 1732, who described and illustrated seven species of geraniums from

694: 691: 670: 598: 568: 531: 338: 5895:

The Passion for Pelargoniums. How They Found Their Place in the Garden

3742:

The Potted Garden: New plants and New approaches for container gardens

6638: 3392: 3256:'Radula' (lemon & rose scented leaves, pink & purple flowers) 2069: 1846: 1001: 516: 129: 6651: 6453: 6418: 6287: 6183: 6142: 6113: 5610: 4118:

Ballou, C. H. (1929). "Effects of geranium on the Japanese beetle".

745:

who first formally described these plants in 1753 did not recognise

430: 3198:

The following is a selection of pelargoniums which have gained the

6573: 4525:"Connections, Legacies, and Contributions:Liberty Hyde Bailey, Jr" 3708: 3706: 3704: 3446: 3388: 3189: 3181: 3173: 2803: 2790: 2761: 2717: 2681: 2630: 2575: 2389: 2304: 2184: 2117: 2011: 1802: 1185: 1164: 1143: 1122: 1101: 629: 614: 556: 535: 528: 454: 429: 350: 330: 265: 77: 3921:. Vol. I. Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. p. 649. 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 4593: 1920: 1806: 1075:). A distinct clade could be identified within the paraphyletic 769:

based on the number of stamens or anthers, seven in the case of

698: 590: 6457: 5693:

Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester

4473:"2023 How to Successfully Propagate Geranium in 5 Simple Steps" 2189:

Contrasting leaves: Ivy-leaved Group (Left) Zonal Group (Right)

6560: 3219:'Frank Headley' (cream vareigated leaves, salmon pink flowers) 3166:(1822). Usually, but not always, primary hybrids are sterile. 2741:

Fiery-flowered Stork's-bill, Scarlet Unique Scented Geranium (

2413: in) in diameter but not normally exceeding 165 mm ( 1004:, labelled A, B and C. In this analysis not all sections were 6440: 6167: 5796:

Geranium and pelargonium: the genera geranium and pelargonium

3727: 3247:'L'Élégante' (ivy-leaved, trailing, white and purple flowers) 1711:

and Asia Minor. Chromosomes x=mainly 9 or 10, but from 4–18.

4213:

Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites

3399:, and in recent years, respiratory/cold remedies made from 1750:

lists 281 taxa. There is considerable confusion as to which

297: 3508:

was copied from L’Heritier’s unpublished manuscript titled

3460:(pelargonidin 3,5-O-diglucoside) is a petal pigment of the 668:

to the remaining genera of the family in its strict sense,

318: 312: 306: 291: 6335: 4397:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. 4291:

Usherwood, P. N. R. (1994). "Insect glutamate receptors".

3830: 3828: 3572: 3570: 5596:

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

3924: 3299:

Other than being grown for their beauty, species such as

3265:'Sweet Mimosa' (balsam-scented leaves, pale pink flowers) 571:

vary from 2 to 7, and their number, position relative to

303: 5854:

Visions of Loveliness: Great Flower Breeders of the Past

3843:

species and cultivars: Classification history p. 52

3241:'Lara Candy Dancer' (scented leaves, pale mauve flowers) 3228:'Grace Thomas' (lemon scented leaves, pale pink flowers) 1998:

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

6351: 6316: 5829:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 641. 4932:"Pelargonium fulgidum hybrid - Scarlet Unique Geranium" 3213:'Citriodorum' (lemon scented leaves, rose pink flowers) 2523:

Zonal pelargoniums have many flower types, as follows:

1720:: Corresponds to clade A, with 167 species. Frequently 6251:"Notes on the nomenclature of Pelargonium Geraniaceae" 5936:(in Latin). London: Sumptibus Auctoris. Archived from 5507:"Pelargoniums - An Herb Society of America Fact Sheet" 4842:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team 4684: 1892:(Lycaenidae), native to southern Africa, also feed on 4578:

Appendix 2: Horticultural Classification and Glossary

3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 2286:'Hindoo' (R × U), indicating a Regal × Unique cross. 2126:

There was little attempt at any rational grouping of

1793:(about 20 species) and southern Australia, including 812:

is distinguished from the other genera in the family

309: 285: 6449:

Pacific Bulb Society: Pelargonium (tuberous species)

4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 3449:, these plants are toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. 3363: ‘Lady Scarborough’ and the peppermint-scented 3222:'Fringed Aztec' (white & purple fringed flowers) 3210:'Attar of Roses' (rose scented leaves, pink flowers) 2651:

Fancy leaf – Leaves with marked variations in colour

457:), because the seed head looks like a stork's beak. 294: 288: 6466: 5512:. The Herb Society of America. 2006. Archived from 4743: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4676: 4674: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 3667: 3665: 3588: 3216:'Dolly Varden' (variegated leaves, scarlet flowers) 2537:

the dwarf ‘Dovepoint’ which has full double blooms.

1699:, with a few species in tropical Africa, Ethiopia, 321: 300: 6848:Taxa named by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle 5975:(in Latin). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. 4704: 4702: 4700: 4654: 4652: 3712: 3429:and externally for skin complaints, injuries, and 3259:'Royal Oak' (balsam scented leaves, mauve flowers) 3253:'Mrs Quilter' (bronze leaves, salmon pink flowers) 3250:'Mabel Grey' (lemon-scented leaves, mauve flowers) 2776:scented leaved pelargoniums are grown for the oil 1797:. The remaining few species are found in southern 1008:, although some were strongly supported including 434:One of hundreds of garden and houseplant cultivars 382:originally included all the species in one genus, 6389:. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 6317:"International Society for Horticultural Science" 5611:"The Colouring Matter of the Scarlet Pelargonium" 3359: ‘Lemon Balm’, the strawberry-lemon-scented 3244:'Lara Starshine' (aromatic leaves, lilac flowers) 1941:on the attractiveness of common garden plants to 6407:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3974:Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetablilis conspectus 3537:is not currently recognised as an accepted name. 3409:have been sold in Europe and the United States. 3277:(peppermint-scented leaves, small white flowers) 4617:International Register of Pelargonium Cultivars 4238:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3322:. The oils of the scented pelargoniums contain 2180:International Society for Horticultural Science 461:originally suggested the name 'stork', because 386:; they were later separated into two genera by 5777:Geraniums and pelargoniums for the home garden 5540:"The British islands that disappear every day" 2611:'Sugar Baby' listed as Dwarf Ivy (DwI) by RHS. 2383:'Rocky Mountain Orange', 'White', 'Dark Red', 2072:before 1600 on ships which had stopped at the 5933:Hortus Elthamensis seu Plantarum Rariorum ... 3437:. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. 3262:'Spanish Angel' (lilac & magenta flowers) 2272:These may then be combined to form the code, 2176:International Cultivar Registration Authority 8: 3576: 3268:'Tip Top Duet' (pink & wine-red flowers) 622:' introduction of the term 'Pelargonium' in 5997:. Vol. I. Piccadilly: James Ridgeway. 3834: 3563:. Vol. ii. London: Nicol. p. 417. 315: 6454: 5501: 5499: 1095:, following Knuth's original treatment of 42: 31: 6208:(MPharm). University of the Witwatersrand 6199:Lalli, Jacqueline Yolande Yvette (2005). 6081: 6054: 5994:Geraniaceae: The Natural Order of Gerania 5721:Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution 5564:"Pelargonium sidoides (African geranium)" 4872:Hutchinson Farm: Rocky Mountain Geraniums 4573: 4549: 4506: 4267: 4257: 4197: 3854: 3779: 3652: 3225:'Gemstone' (scented leaves, pink flowers) 2568:B. Ivy-leaved pelargoniums (derived from 2444: in) but not exceeding 120 mm ( 2150:(i.e. from the garden), while those from 401:herbaceous plants, dying down in winter, 6352:"The Pelargonium & Geranium Society" 5887:. Cape Town & Johannesburg: Purnell. 5881:Pelargoniums of Southern Africa (3 vols) 5879:van der Walt & Vorster (1971–1988). 4496:Minimum Temperatures for Geranium Plants 4039: 4037: 3870: 3794: 3792: 3764: 3762: 3723: 3721: 3231:'Joy' (pink & white frilled flowers) 2915:or 'Cola Bottles' which is a variety of 749:and grouped together in the same genus ( 541:The flower has a single symmetry plane ( 6070:The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 6043:The Cyclopedia of American Horticulture 4776:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPAGS2015 ( 4689:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPAGS2015 ( 4621:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPAGS2015 ( 4598:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPAGS2015 ( 4293:Advances in Insect Physiology Volume 24 4147:Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 4071:Durban Natural Science Museum Novitates 3993: 3991: 3549: 3491: 3341:P. crispum and P. citronellum 6400: 4561: 4326: 4316: 4048:. Bottlebrushpress.com. Archived from 3893: 3784:De Geraniorum Differentiis p. 149 3601: 3599: 3597: 3520:It has been stated that the choice of 3271:'Voodoo' (crimson & black flowers) 2647:Additional descriptive terms include; 2597:Additional descriptive terms include; 6076:(3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. 6049:(5th ed.). New York: Macmillan. 4911: 4840:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) 4834:Pelargonium ×hortorum 4395:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants 3745:. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. p. . 3671: 3355: ‘Lime’, the lemon balm-scented 3107:'Grey Lady Plymouth' - a cultivar of 2710:E. Unique pelargoniums (derived from 1746:has around 280 species. Röschenbleck 851:species have been treated as sixteen 252: 7: 6792:79ca089c-3ac2-435a-affc-15dc9b6ca548 6714:aa29cc23-e4d8-458f-9280-f949c2ae8e29 5780:. Berkeley: University of California 4767: 4680: 4635: 4612: 4589: 2674:D. Angel pelargoniums (derived from 2000:and can cause significant damage to 1872:species, including the noctuid moth 1853:have their origins in South Africa. 847:. Traditionally the large number of 701:content, order and expansion of the 388:Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle 4708: 4658: 4180:Held, D. W.; Potter, D. A. (2003). 4046:"Scented Geraniums or Pelargoniums" 1765:is a large genus within the family 1551:(Knuth) Roeschenbl. & F. Albers 653:is the second largest genus (after 551:flower, which has radial symmetry ( 545:), which distinguishes it from the 6766:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30302759-2 5774:Butterfield, Harry Morton (1953). 5609:Saunders Currey, Geoffrey (1922). 5566:. WholeHealth Chicago. 2010-02-14. 4295:. Vol. 24. pp. 309–341. 1817:and isolated islands in the south 25: 4713:Horticultural classification for 4381:Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 3413:along with Echinacea is used for 3101:'Dr. Livingston' - a cultivar of 3089:'Attar of Roses' - a cultivar of 2984:Variety of Pelargonium x fragrans 2064:. It was probably brought to the 1673:. Two species in East Africa and 1020:, while other sections were more 405:species are evergreen perennials 5799:. London: Taylor & Francis. 5793:Lis-Balchin, Maria, ed. (2002). 4861:Hutchinson Farm: Zonal Geraniums 4644:Pelargonium and Geranium Society 4531:. Central Coast Geranium Society 4159:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00468.x 3945:. Central Coast Geranium Society 3813:. Central Coast Geranium Society 3387:species have also been used for 3309:industry and are cultivated and 3113:'Prince Rupert' - a cultivar of 3095:'Crowfoot Rose' - a cultivar of 2076:. In 1631, the English gardener 281: 64: 6255:Journal of South African Botany 6024:(in French). Paris: Octave Doin 5723:. CRC Press. pp. 353–374. 4938:. Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia 4772:Horticultural symbols and terms 3589:van der Walt & Vorster 1981 3524:was made arbitrarily, and that 3001:Pelargonium 'Peaches and Cream' 2394:'Rocky Mountain Orange' (Zonal) 2110:had been introduced to Europe. 1724:deciduous perennials with many 1031:In the proposed scheme of Weng 475:ciconia, sicuti vocamus Gerania 4901:. Royal Horticultural Society. 4816:. Royal Horticultural Society. 4798:. Royal Horticultural Society. 4120:Journal of Economic Entomology 4064:"Butterflies of Kwazulu-Natal" 3859:Geranium Africanum p. 151 3839:Diana Miller. The taxonomy of 2876:Pelargonium 'Ardwyck Cinnamon' 2758:F. Scented-leaved pelargoniums 2042:U.S. Department of Agriculture 1983:Pelargonium line pattern virus 1979:Pelargonium flower break virus 1590:(Lindley ex Sweet) de Candolle 1453:(Lindley ex Sweet) de Candolle 1321:(Lindley ex Sweet) de Candolle 952:(Lindley ex Sweet) de Candolle 889:(Lindley ex Sweet) de Candolle 882:(Lindley ex Sweet) de Candolle 733:(African Geranium) suggested " 1: 6384:"The Herb Society of America" 6368:"Australian Geranium Society" 6336:"Royal Horticultural Society" 6249:van der Walt, J.J.A. (1979). 6011:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t61580v6m 5898:. Stroud: The History Press. 5484:. Royal Horticultural Society 5458:. Royal Horticultural Society 5432:. Royal Horticultural Society 5406:. Royal Horticultural Society 5380:. Royal Horticultural Society 5354:. Royal Horticultural Society 5328:. Royal Horticultural Society 5302:. Royal Horticultural Society 5276:. Royal Horticultural Society 5250:. Royal Horticultural Society 5224:. Royal Horticultural Society 5198:. Royal Horticultural Society 5172:. Royal Horticultural Society 5146:. Royal Horticultural Society 5120:. Royal Horticultural Society 5094:. Royal Horticultural Society 5068:. Royal Horticultural Society 5042:. Royal Horticultural Society 5016:. Royal Horticultural Society 4990:. Royal Horticultural Society 4964:. Royal Horticultural Society 4301:10.1016/S0065-2806(08)60086-7 3939:"The Sections of Pelargonium" 2927:Pelargonium 'Odorata Hazelnut 1924:Agricultural Research Service 795:were introduced, followed by 4471:Gardner, Eva (2 June 2023). 2933:Pelargonium 'Lavender Lindy' 1099:as having four subsections. 527:. The erect stems bear five- 504:occurs in a large number of 5821:Mabberley, David J (2013). 4020:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.026 3913:; et al. (1824–1873). 3498:The generic description of 3200:Royal Horticultural Society 3027:Pelargonium 'Red Raspberry' 2883:Pelargonium grossalarioides 2800:'Fair Ellen' (Scented leaf) 2259:Miniature Ivy-leaved (MinI) 2196:Royal Horticultural Society 2056:known to be cultivated was 1739:List of Pelargonium species 1560:(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steudel 1522:Roeschenbl. & F. Albers 1501:Roeschenbl. & F. Albers 1266:Roeschenbl. & F. Albers 1246:Roeschenbl. & F. Albers 1226:Roeschenbl. & F. Albers 1063:) but paraphyly in others ( 753:) the three similar genera 725:that are now classified as 641:Geranium Afric. arborescens 593:are usually alternate, and 6864: 6242:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.2.1 5851:Taylor, Judith M. (2014). 5752:. London: Reaktion Books. 5729:10.1201/9781439833278.ch16 5580:. Natural Medicinal Herbs. 4199:10.1603/0046-225x-32.4.873 3923:(also available online at 3915:"Geraniaceae: Pelargonium" 3657:De Geraniorum Differentiis 3640:Sunset Western Garden Book 3619:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 3615:Plants of the World Online 3076:Pelargonium x scarboroviae 3062:Pelargonium abrotanifolium 2895:Pelargonium 'Brilliantine' 2639:These are large bush-type 1972: 1880:. The diurnal butterflies 1736: 1677:. Chromosomes x=11 and 9. 6018:Dauthenay, Henri (1897). 5857:. Ohio University Press. 4477:www.helpfulhomeadvice.com 4215:(the March 2010 issue of 3739:Appell, Scott D. (2001). 3295:Scented leaf pelargoniums 2990:Pelargonium x citriodorum 2901:Pelargonium 'Secret Love' 2829:Pelargonium odoratissimum 2686:'Angeleyes Randy' (Angel) 2635:'Karl Offenstein' (Regal) 2337:. Zonal pelargoniums are 2078:John Tradescant the elder 1975:List of geranium diseases 1945:found that a cultivar of 1864:species are eaten by the 828:, as well as a generally 248: 241: 215: 208: 180: 173: 61:Scientific classification 59: 50: 41: 34: 6003:10.5962/bhl.title.102247 4186:Environmental Entomology 4044:Sayre, James K. (2003). 3642:. 1995. pp. 606–07. 3343:. Rose-scenteds include 3170:List of AGM pelargoniums 3069:Pelargonium exstipulatum 3015:Pelargonium denticulatum 2970:Pelargonium myrrhifolium 2958:Pelargonium x melissinum 2870:Pelargonium ionidiflorum 2858:Pelargonium panduriforme 2821:Pelargonium quercifolium 2810:Pelargonium ionidiflorum 2797:Pelargonium quercifolium 1791:East African rift valley 859:. (1977–1997) who added 485:, stork, as we call the 337:that includes about 280 6419:"The Geraniaceae Group" 6417:Amadio, Marisa (2015). 6083:10.5962/bhl.title.23351 6056:10.5962/bhl.title.29309 5928:Dillenius, Johann Jakob 5892:Wilkinson, Ann (2007). 5662:10.1126/science.7863342 4930:Cornett, Peggy (2013). 4523:Handlos, Wayne (2010). 4358:10.1111/1365-2435.12178 4259:10.1073/pnas.1013497108 3966:"5: Pelargonium L'Hér." 3937:Handlos, Wayne (2010). 3799:Handlos, Wayne (2013). 3713:Roschenbleck et al 2014 3676:Introduction p. 11 3510:Compendium Generalogium 3236:P. graveolens variegata 3121:G. Species pelargoniums 3021:Pelargonium 'Brilliant' 2947:Pelargonium citronellum 2888:Pelargonium parriflorum 2837:Pelargonium cordifolium 2722:'White Unique' (Unique) 2616:C. Regal pelargoniums ( 2290:A. Zonal pelargoniums ( 1991:butterfly is a pest of 1371:Pelargonium cotyledonis 820:, which consists of an 5972:Species Plantarum, ... 5885:Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst 5827:Mabberley's Plant-Book 5480:Pelargonium tomentosum 3557:William Aiton (1789). 3527:Pelargonium cucullatum 3238:- small mauve flowers) 3195: 3187: 3179: 3034:Pelargonium graveolens 3008:Pelargonium tomentosum 2977:Pelargonium x fragrans 2964:Pelargonium x nervosum 2913:Pelargonium 'Torrento' 2814: 2801: 2772: 2768:Pelargonium graveolens 2723: 2687: 2636: 2586: 2395: 2341:, mostly derived from 2317: 2250:Dwarf Ivy-leaved (Dwl) 2217:F. Scented-leaved (Sc) 2190: 2123: 2025: 1878:Phlogophora meticulosa 1526:Pelargonium schlecteri 1506:Pelargonium schlecteri 1294:Pelargonium cucullatum 1251:Pelargonium hypoleucum 1231:Pelargonium praemorsum 1204: 1183: 1162: 1141: 1120: 874:These are as follows; 717:was first proposed by 647: 627: 435: 271: 194:Pelargonium cucullatum 53:Pelargonium cucullatum 6735:Paleobiology Database 5981:10.5962/bhl.title.669 5746:Boddy, Kasia (2013). 4917:Pelargonium ignescens 4217:Agricultural Research 3419:P. odoratissimum 3305:are important in the 3204:Award of Garden Merit 3193: 3185: 3177: 3047:Pelargonium capitatum 2907:Pelargonium 'Poquita' 2864:Pelargonium betulinum 2807: 2794: 2765: 2721: 2685: 2634: 2579: 2393: 2308: 2188: 2121: 2052:The first species of 2015: 1845:plants cultivated in 1575:P. schizopetalum 1201:P. crithmifolium 1189: 1168: 1147: 1126: 1105: 1079:, designated section 1035:. there would be two 998:phylogenetic analyses 992:Phylogenetic analyses 824:nectar spur with one 816:by the presence of a 664:, within which it is 636:Pelargonium inquinans 633: 618: 433: 269: 6442:The Pelargonium Page 5627:10.1039/CT9222100319 5615:J. Chem. Soc., Trans 5196:'Lara Candy Dancer'" 4453:CA grant 2704584 4132:10.1093/jee/22.2.289 3875:Geranium p. 676 3728:The Pelargonium Page 2712:Pelargonium fulgidum 2582:Pelargonium peltatum 2570:Pelargonium peltatum 2238:Coloured foliage (C) 1939:University of Sussex 1631:Pelargonium gibbosum 1235:(Andrews) F Dietrich 788:P. quercifolium 604:Pelargonium peltatum 442:is derived from the 182:Pelargonium hirsutum 6093:Articles and theses 5654:1995Sci...267..984H 5519:on 27 February 2012 4250:2011PNAS..108.1217R 4012:2012MolPE..64..654W 4000:Mol Phylogenet Evol 3347:and members of the 2996:'Prince of Orange') 2940:Pelargonium crispum 2852:Pelargonium scabrum 2676:Pelargonium crispum 2132:Liberty Hyde Bailey 2048:Cultivation history 1839:centre of diversity 1477:(Sweet) de Candolle 1432:J.J.A. van der Walt 1366:(Sweet) de Candolle 1333:(Sweet) de Candolle 1138:P. cotyledonis 987:J.J.A. van der Walt 931:(Sweet) de Candolle 924:(Sweet) de Candolle 917:(Sweet) de Candolle 397:species are mostly 186:(Burm. f.) Sol. ex 5954:Hortus Elthamensis 4685:Pelargonium Basics 4346:Functional Ecology 3479:Pelargonium zonale 3365:P. tomentosum 3349:P. graveolens 3345:P. graveolens 3302:P. graveolens 3196: 3188: 3180: 3130:H. Primary hybrids 3055:Pelargonium radens 3039:Pelargonium roseum 2815: 2802: 2773: 2724: 2688: 2637: 2587: 2396: 2323:Pelargonium zonale 2318: 2223:H. Primary hybrids 2191: 2182:for pelargoniums. 2140:he referred to as 2124: 2026: 2018:Pelargonium triste 1969:Pests and diseases 1883:Cacyreus marshalli 1533:P. schlecteri 1271:Pelargonium zonale 1207:Thus Röschenbleck 1205: 1184: 1163: 1142: 1121: 1117:P. tetragonum 767:Charles L’Héritier 731:Geranium Africanum 648: 645:Hortus Elthamensis 628: 624:Hortus Elthamensis 559:is fused with the 519:, subshrubs, stem 465:was named after a 436: 272: 270:Pelargonium flower 250:Around 280 species 6833:Geraniales genera 6815: 6814: 6722:Open Tree of Life 6460:Taxon identifiers 5883:. Illustrated by 5806:978-0-415-28487-5 5738:978-0-7484-0908-2 5648:(5200): 984–988. 5538:Stables, Daniel. 5222:'Lara Starshine'" 4962:'Attar of Roses'" 4086:"Geranium bronze" 3964:Knuth, R (1912). 3911:A. P. de Candolle 3577:van der Walt 1979 3532: 3445:According to the 3435:throat infections 3407:P. reniforme 3287:Ornamental plants 3234:'Lady Plymouth' ( 2893:Eau de Cologne - 2845:Pelargonium album 2626: 2562:P. quinquelobatum 2336: 2300: 2205:B. Ivy-leaved (I) 2122:Zonal pelargonium 2074:Cape of Good Hope 2028:Various types of 1709:Arabian Peninsula 1645: 1627: 1615: 1603: 1591: 1561: 1556:Pelargonium afrum 1552: 1530: 1523: 1511: 1502: 1490: 1478: 1466: 1454: 1433: 1421: 1400: 1388: 1376: 1367: 1346: 1334: 1322: 1299: 1290: 1279: 1267: 1256: 1247: 1236: 1227: 832:floral symmetry. 798:P. capitatum 741:in 1738. However 264: 263: 203: 190: 169: 16:(Redirected from 6855: 6843:Medicinal plants 6808: 6807: 6795: 6794: 6782: 6781: 6769: 6768: 6756: 6755: 6743: 6742: 6730: 6729: 6717: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6694: 6693: 6691:NHMSYS0000461555 6681: 6680: 6668: 6667: 6655: 6654: 6642: 6641: 6629: 6628: 6616: 6615: 6603: 6602: 6590: 6589: 6577: 6576: 6564: 6563: 6551: 6550: 6538: 6537: 6525: 6524: 6512: 6511: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6455: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6412: 6406: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6299: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6245: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6207: 6195: 6162: 6125: 6087: 6085: 6075: 6060: 6058: 6048: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6014: 5984: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5888: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5742: 5701: 5700: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5578:"Apple Geranium" 5574: 5568: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5378:'Spanish Angel'" 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5170:'Lady Plymouth'" 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5066:'Fringed Aztec'" 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5040:'Frank Headley'" 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4927: 4921: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4891: 4885: 4880: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4765: 4720: 4706: 4695: 4694: 4678: 4669: 4656: 4647: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4587: 4581: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4529:Geraniums Online 4520: 4514: 4504: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4328: 4324: 4322: 4314: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4261: 4244:(4): 1217–1221. 4235: 4226: 4220: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4068: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4041: 4032: 4031: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3943:Geraniums Online 3934: 3928: 3922: 3907: 3901: 3891: 3878: 3868: 3862: 3852: 3846: 3835:Lis-Balchin 2002 3832: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3811:Geraniums Online 3796: 3787: 3777: 3771: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3736: 3730: 3725: 3716: 3710: 3679: 3669: 3660: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3611:L'Hér. ex Aiton" 3603: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3538: 3535:P. hirsutum 3530: 3522:P. hirsutum 3518: 3512: 3496: 3411:P. sidoides 3402:P. sidoides 3178:'Attar of Roses' 2850:Apricot/Lemon - 2624: 2553:‘Vectis Embers’. 2474: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2353:, together with 2334: 2298: 2241:Decorative (Dec) 2089:P. odoratissimum 2066:Botanical Garden 1932:neurotransmitter 1827:Tristan da Cunha 1643: 1625: 1616:– 2 subsections 1613: 1601: 1589: 1559: 1550: 1528: 1521: 1512:– 2 subsections 1509: 1500: 1488: 1476: 1464: 1452: 1431: 1419: 1398: 1386: 1374: 1365: 1344: 1332: 1320: 1297: 1288: 1274: 1265: 1254: 1245: 1234: 1225: 1180:P. tricolor 1159:P. acetosum 776:P. cordatum 335:flowering plants 328: 327: 324: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 259: 255: 198: 185: 165: 69: 68: 46: 32: 21: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6803: 6798: 6790: 6785: 6777: 6772: 6764: 6759: 6751: 6746: 6738: 6733: 6725: 6720: 6712: 6710: 6702: 6697: 6689: 6684: 6676: 6671: 6663: 6658: 6650: 6645: 6637: 6632: 6624: 6619: 6611: 6606: 6598: 6593: 6585: 6580: 6572: 6567: 6559: 6554: 6546: 6541: 6533: 6528: 6520: 6515: 6507: 6505: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6462: 6437: 6432: 6423: 6421: 6416: 6399: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6372: 6370: 6365: 6356: 6354: 6349: 6340: 6338: 6330: 6321: 6319: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6288:10.2307/1219408 6273: 6264: 6262: 6248: 6225: 6220: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6184:10.2307/4135485 6165: 6143:10.2307/2656859 6128: 6114:10.2307/1222593 6099: 6095: 6090: 6073: 6063: 6046: 6036: 6027: 6025: 6017: 5987: 5965: 5943: 5941: 5940:on 4 March 2016 5926: 5923: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5891: 5878: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5850: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5820: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5792: 5783: 5781: 5773: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5745: 5739: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5690: 5689: 5685: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5548: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5430:'Tip Top Duet'" 5424: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5407: 5404:'Sweet Mimosa'" 5398: 5397: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5331: 5329: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5190: 5189: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5118:'Grace Thomas'" 5112: 5111: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5014:'Dolly Varden'" 5008: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4910: 4906: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4766: 4723: 4717:L'Her. ex Aiton 4707: 4698: 4688: 4679: 4672: 4657: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4611: 4607: 4597: 4588: 4584: 4572: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4490: 4481: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4450: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4393: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4325: 4315: 4311: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4233: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4211: 4207: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4043: 4042: 4035: 3997: 3996: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3892: 3881: 3869: 3865: 3853: 3849: 3833: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3711: 3682: 3670: 3663: 3651: 3647: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3605: 3604: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3568: 3560:Hortus Kewensis 3556: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3541: 3519: 3515: 3505:Hortus Kewensis 3497: 3493: 3488: 3470: 3455: 3443: 3423:gastroenteritis 3377:herbal medicine 3373: 3371:Herbal medicine 3297: 3289: 3284: 3186:'Lady Plymouth' 3172: 3132: 3123: 3060:Southernwood - 2788:These include: 2760: 2716: 2680: 2629: 2574: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2303: 2256:Miniature (Min) 2253:Frutetorum (Fr) 2168:Henri Dauthenay 2116: 2050: 2010: 1989:geranium bronze 1985: 1973:Main articles: 1971: 1959:(lavender) and 1928:quisqualic acid 1909:Japanese beetle 1859: 1813:, the north of 1779:southern Africa 1760: 1741: 1735: 1657: 1569:P. bowkeri 1538:P. luridum 1518:Magnistipulacea 1497:Magnistipulacea 1275:(L.) L'Hér. in 1089:Magnistipulacea 1083:. As a result, 1081:Magnistipulacea 994: 838: 807: 805:Circumscription 782:P. crispum 739:Johannes Burman 711: 703:inverted repeat 613: 499: 428: 355:commonly called 284: 280: 257: 253: 204: 197: 191: 184: 164: 63: 28: 27:Genus of plants 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6861: 6859: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6820: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6805:wfo-4000028455 6796: 6783: 6770: 6757: 6744: 6731: 6718: 6708: 6695: 6682: 6669: 6656: 6643: 6630: 6617: 6604: 6591: 6578: 6565: 6552: 6539: 6526: 6513: 6503: 6488: 6472: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6436: 6435:External links 6433: 6431: 6430: 6414: 6379: 6363: 6347: 6328: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6271: 6246: 6218: 6196: 6163: 6137:(5): 727–734. 6126: 6108:(1): 104–106. 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6061: 6034: 6015: 5985: 5967:Linnaeus, Carl 5963: 5962: 5961: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5904: 5889: 5876: 5863: 5848: 5836:978-1107782594 5835: 5818: 5805: 5790: 5771: 5758: 5743: 5737: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5683: 5632: 5601: 5583: 5569: 5555: 5530: 5495: 5469: 5443: 5417: 5391: 5365: 5339: 5313: 5300:'Mrs Quilter'" 5287: 5261: 5235: 5209: 5183: 5157: 5131: 5105: 5079: 5053: 5027: 5001: 4988:'Citriodorum'" 4975: 4949: 4936:Monticello.org 4922: 4904: 4886: 4875: 4864: 4853: 4819: 4801: 4796:'Chelsea Gem'" 4783: 4721: 4696: 4670: 4648: 4628: 4605: 4582: 4574:Wilkinson 2007 4566: 4554: 4550:Dauthenay 1897 4542: 4515: 4507:Wilkinson 2007 4499: 4488: 4463: 4435: 4410: 4404:978-1405332965 4403: 4386: 4371: 4352:(2): 364–374. 4336: 4327:|journal= 4309: 4283: 4221: 4205: 4192:(4): 873–880. 4172: 4137: 4126:(2): 289–293. 4110: 4101: 4090:UK Butterflies 4076: 4055: 4052:on 2011-07-08. 4033: 3987: 3956: 3929: 3902: 3879: 3863: 3855:Dillenius 1732 3847: 3824: 3788: 3780:Dillenius 1732 3772: 3758: 3752:978-1889538228 3751: 3731: 3717: 3680: 3661: 3653:Dillenius 1732 3645: 3631: 3593: 3581: 3566: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3513: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3469: 3466: 3454: 3451: 3442: 3439: 3372: 3369: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3171: 3168: 3131: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3064: 3058: 3050: 3042: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3003: 2997: 2986: 2980: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2943: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2840: 2832: 2824: 2813:(Scented leaf) 2771:(Scented leaf) 2759: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2715: 2708: 2679: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2660: 2652: 2628: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2605: 2602: 2573: 2566: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2531: 2528: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2497: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2459: 2428: 2302: 2288: 2270: 2269: 2268:Variegated (v) 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2178:(ICRA) of the 2115: 2112: 2060:, a native of 2049: 2046: 2009: 2006: 1970: 1967: 1858: 1855: 1819:Atlantic Ocean 1759: 1756: 1737:Main article: 1734: 1731: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1635: 1605: 1593: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1542: 1492: 1489:(Sweet) Harvey 1480: 1468: 1456: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1428:Subsucculentia 1423: 1420:(Sweet) Harvey 1404: 1403: 1402: 1399:(Knuth) Dreyer 1390: 1378: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1301: 1300: 1280: 1257: 1237: 993: 990: 989: 988: 985:Subsucculentia 981: 980:(Knuth) Dreyer 974: 967: 960: 959:(Sweet) Harvey 953: 946: 939: 938:(Sweet) Harvey 932: 925: 918: 911: 904: 897: 896:(Sweet) Harvey 890: 883: 869:Subsucculentia 837: 834: 806: 803: 793:P. radula 710: 707: 612: 609: 498: 495: 427: 424: 262: 261: 246: 245: 239: 238: 237: 236: 231: 226: 221: 213: 212: 206: 205: 178: 177: 171: 170: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 120: 119: 114: 107: 106: 101: 94: 93: 88: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 57: 56: 48: 47: 39: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6860: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6838:Garden plants 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6806: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6705: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6489: 6484: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6385: 6380: 6369: 6364: 6353: 6350:PAGS (2023). 6348: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6272: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6224: 6219: 6204: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6084: 6079: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6035: 6023: 6022: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5989:Sweet, Robert 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5907: 5905:9780752496061 5901: 5897: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5866: 5864:9780804040624 5860: 5856: 5855: 5849: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5823:"Pelargonium" 5819: 5808: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5791: 5779: 5778: 5772: 5761: 5759:9781780230580 5755: 5751: 5750: 5744: 5740: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5684: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5633: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5531: 5515: 5508: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5483: 5481: 5473: 5470: 5457: 5455: 5447: 5444: 5431: 5429: 5421: 5418: 5405: 5403: 5395: 5392: 5379: 5377: 5369: 5366: 5353: 5351: 5343: 5340: 5327: 5325: 5317: 5314: 5301: 5299: 5291: 5288: 5275: 5274:'Mabel Grey'" 5273: 5265: 5262: 5249: 5248:'L'Élégante'" 5247: 5239: 5236: 5223: 5221: 5213: 5210: 5197: 5195: 5187: 5184: 5171: 5169: 5161: 5158: 5145: 5143: 5135: 5132: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5106: 5093: 5091: 5083: 5080: 5067: 5065: 5057: 5054: 5041: 5039: 5031: 5028: 5015: 5013: 5005: 5002: 4989: 4987: 4979: 4976: 4963: 4961: 4953: 4950: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4905: 4900: 4899:'Sugar Baby'" 4898: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4857: 4854: 4841: 4837: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4813: 4805: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4787: 4784: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4629: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4543: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4464: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4337: 4332: 4320: 4312: 4310:9780120242245 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4091: 4087: 4084:Peter Eeles. 4080: 4077: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4006:(3): 654–70. 4005: 4001: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3957: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3871:Linnaeus 1753 3867: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3842: 3836: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3812: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3646: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3610: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3536: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3467: 3465: 3464:pelargonium. 3463: 3459: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3303: 3294: 3292: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3275:P. tomentosum 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3192: 3184: 3176: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156:glauciifolium 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3110: 3109:P. graveolens 3106: 3104: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3074:Strawberry - 3073: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3005:Peppermint - 3004: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2959: 2956:Lemon Balm - 2955: 2953:'Mabel Grey') 2952: 2948: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2905:Grapefruit - 2904: 2902: 2899:Eucalyptus - 2898: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2846: 2842:Apple/Mint - 2841: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2720: 2713: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2659:‘Royal Ascot’ 2658: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2633: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2460: 2429: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2360: 2359:P. frutetorum 2356: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2214:E. Unique (U) 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2187: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2153:P. cucullatum 2149: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2120: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2102: 2101:P. vitifolium 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1915: × 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1902:C. marshallii 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1851:North America 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1685: 1684: 1683:Parvulipetala 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1654: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1628:– 1 species ( 1624: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564:P. afrum 1562:– 3 species ( 1558: 1557: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1531:– 2 species ( 1527: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1368:– 1 species ( 1364: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1354:Parvulipetala 1351: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1296: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1244: 1243: 1242:Parvulipetala 1238: 1233: 1232: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1129:Parvulipetala 1125: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 991: 986: 982: 979: 975: 972: 968: 965: 961: 958: 954: 951: 947: 944: 940: 937: 933: 930: 926: 923: 919: 916: 912: 909: 908:Glaucophyllum 905: 902: 898: 895: 891: 888: 884: 881: 877: 876: 875: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 835: 833: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 804: 802: 800: 799: 794: 790: 789: 784: 783: 778: 777: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 743:Carl Linnaeus 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 709:Genus history 708: 706: 704: 700: 697:differing in 696: 693: 689: 685: 684: 679: 678: 673: 672: 667: 663: 660: 657:) within the 656: 652: 646: 642: 638: 637: 632: 625: 621: 617: 610: 608: 606: 605: 600: 596: 592: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553:actinomorphic 550: 549: 544: 539: 537: 533: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 511: 507: 503: 496: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 445: 441: 432: 425: 423: 421: 417: 413: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 380:Carl Linnaeus 377: 373: 372: 367: 363: 359: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 326: 278: 277: 268: 260: 251: 247: 244: 240: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 224:Parvulipetala 222: 220: 217: 216: 214: 211: 207: 202: 196: 195: 189: 183: 179: 176: 172: 168: 163: 162: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 92: 91:Tracheophytes 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72: 67: 62: 58: 55: 54: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 30: 19: 6467: 6441: 6422:. Retrieved 6391:. Retrieved 6382:HSA (2015). 6371:. Retrieved 6366:AGS (2014). 6355:. Retrieved 6339:. Retrieved 6320:. Retrieved 6279: 6275: 6263:. Retrieved 6258: 6254: 6236:(2): 31–76. 6233: 6229: 6210:. Retrieved 6201: 6178:(1): 17–28. 6175: 6171: 6134: 6130: 6105: 6101: 6069: 6065:Bailey, L.H. 6042: 6038:Bailey, L.H. 6026:. Retrieved 6020: 5993: 5971: 5953: 5942:. Retrieved 5938:the original 5932: 5909:. Retrieved 5894: 5880: 5868:. Retrieved 5853: 5840:. Retrieved 5826: 5810:. Retrieved 5795: 5782:. Retrieved 5776: 5763:. Retrieved 5748: 5720: 5707:Bibliography 5696: 5692: 5686: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5586: 5572: 5558: 5547:. Retrieved 5543: 5533: 5521:. Retrieved 5514:the original 5486:. Retrieved 5479: 5472: 5460:. Retrieved 5453: 5446: 5434:. Retrieved 5427: 5420: 5408:. Retrieved 5401: 5394: 5382:. Retrieved 5375: 5368: 5356:. Retrieved 5352:'Royal Oak'" 5349: 5342: 5330:. Retrieved 5323: 5316: 5304:. Retrieved 5297: 5290: 5278:. Retrieved 5271: 5264: 5252:. Retrieved 5245: 5238: 5226:. Retrieved 5219: 5212: 5200:. Retrieved 5193: 5186: 5174:. Retrieved 5167: 5160: 5148:. Retrieved 5141: 5134: 5122:. Retrieved 5115: 5108: 5096:. Retrieved 5089: 5082: 5070:. Retrieved 5063: 5056: 5044:. Retrieved 5037: 5030: 5018:. Retrieved 5011: 5004: 4992:. Retrieved 4985: 4978: 4966:. Retrieved 4959: 4952: 4940:. Retrieved 4935: 4925: 4916: 4907: 4896: 4889: 4878: 4867: 4856: 4844:. Retrieved 4839: 4833: 4822: 4811: 4804: 4793: 4786: 4714: 4663: 4631: 4608: 4585: 4569: 4557: 4545: 4533:. Retrieved 4528: 4518: 4502: 4491: 4480:. Retrieved 4476: 4466: 4427:. Retrieved 4425:. 1970-01-01 4422: 4413: 4394: 4389: 4380: 4374: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4292: 4286: 4241: 4237: 4224: 4216: 4208: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4104: 4093:. Retrieved 4089: 4079: 4070: 4058: 4050:the original 4003: 3999: 3978:. Retrieved 3973: 3970:Adolf Engler 3959: 3947:. Retrieved 3942: 3932: 3918: 3905: 3866: 3850: 3840: 3815:. Retrieved 3810: 3803: 3802: 3775: 3741: 3734: 3648: 3639: 3634: 3622:. Retrieved 3614: 3608: 3584: 3559: 3552: 3534: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3477: 3471: 3456: 3444: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397:aromatherapy 3384: 3380: 3374: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336:alpha-pinene 3300: 3298: 3290: 3274: 3235: 3197: 3194:'Mabel Gray' 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3091:P. capitatum 3090: 3075: 3067: 3061: 3053: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3025:Raspberry - 3020: 3019:Pineapple - 3014: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2982:Old Spice - 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2950: 2946: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2843: 2835: 2827: 2819: 2808: 2795: 2787: 2781: 2774: 2766: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2727: 2725: 2711: 2702: 2697: 2691: 2689: 2675: 2666:‘Lara Susan’ 2663: 2656: 2646: 2638: 2621: 2617: 2608: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2585:(Ivy-leaved) 2580: 2569: 2561: 2559: 2550: 2534: 2522: 2489: 2487: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2370: 2367:P. inquinans 2366: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2344:P. inquinans 2342: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2319: 2313: 2309: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2262:Stellar (St) 2230: 2226: 2211:D. Angel (A) 2208:C. Regal (R) 2202:A. Zonal (Z) 2192: 2172: 2162: 2158: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2135: 2127: 2125: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2083:P. inquinans 2081: 2062:South Africa 2057: 2053: 2051: 2034:vegetatively 2029: 2027: 2016: 2001: 1992: 1986: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1936: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1877: 1874:angle shades 1866:caterpillars 1861: 1860: 1842: 1835:Indian Ocean 1823:Saint Helena 1770: 1762: 1761: 1758:Distribution 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1692:Paucisignata 1691: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1661: 1659: 1658: 1638: 1629: 1622:Caulescentia 1620: 1608: 1604:– 34 species 1596: 1592:– 14 species 1584: 1573: 1567: 1563: 1554: 1547:Schizopetala 1545: 1536: 1532: 1525: 1516: 1504: 1495: 1491:– 10 species 1483: 1479:– 72 species 1471: 1465:(DC.) Harvey 1459: 1447: 1440: 1426: 1422:– 16 species 1414: 1408:Paucisignata 1407: 1393: 1389:– 30 species 1381: 1369: 1360: 1353: 1339: 1335:– 11 species 1327: 1315: 1308: 1302: 1292: 1283: 1269: 1262:Paucisignata 1260: 1249: 1240: 1229: 1220: 1212: 1208: 1206: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1157: 1153: 1150:Paucisignata 1149: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1096: 1093:Schizopetala 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1030: 1025: 1022:paraphyletic 1017: 1013: 1009: 1006:monophyletic 995: 984: 977: 970: 963: 956: 949: 942: 935: 928: 921: 914: 907: 903:(DC.) Harvey 900: 893: 886: 879: 873: 868: 864: 860: 856: 848: 845:growth forms 839: 809: 808: 796: 792: 786: 780: 774: 770: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 734: 730: 726: 723:South Africa 714: 712: 687: 681: 675: 669: 654: 650: 649: 644: 640: 634: 623: 602: 589: 584: 546: 540: 508:, including 506:growth forms 501: 500: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 462: 450: 439: 437: 402: 394: 392: 383: 369: 365: 362:pelargoniums 361: 357: 275: 274: 273: 233: 229:Paucisignata 228: 223: 218: 192: 181: 175:Type species 160: 159: 123: 110: 97: 84: 51: 35: 29: 6828:Pelargonium 6634:iNaturalist 6548:Pelargonium 6498:Pelargonium 6492:Wikispecies 6468:Pelargonium 5621:: 319–323. 5544:www.bbc.com 5523:20 December 5454:Pelargonium 5428:Pelargonium 5402:Pelargonium 5376:Pelargonium 5350:Pelargonium 5324:Pelargonium 5298:Pelargonium 5272:Pelargonium 5246:Pelargonium 5220:Pelargonium 5194:Pelargonium 5168:Pelargonium 5142:Pelargonium 5116:Pelargonium 5092:'Gemstone'" 5090:Pelargonium 5064:Pelargonium 5038:Pelargonium 5012:Pelargonium 4986:Pelargonium 4960:Pelargonium 4897:Pelargonium 4812:Pelargonium 4794:Pelargonium 4715:Pelargonium 4664:Pelargonium 4562:Amadio 2015 3898:Pelargonium 3894:Taylor 2014 3841:Pelargonium 3804:Pelargonium 3609:Pelargonium 3500:Pelargonium 3474:John Dalton 3385:Pelargonium 3381:Pelargonium 3324:citronellol 3160:P. gibbosum 3148:P. fulgidum 3037:(Synonym - 2994:Pelargonium 2992:(Synonym - 2951:Pelargonium 2949:(Synonym - 2931:Lavender - 2925:Hazelnut - 2917:Pelargonium 2874:Cinnamon - 2751:P. fulgidum 2728:P. fulgidum 2641:floriferous 2618:Pelargonium 2591:P. peltatum 2355:P. scandens 2328:Pelargonium 2310:Pelargonium 2292:Pelargonium 2284:Pelargonium 2277:Pelargonium 2235:Cactus (Ca) 2128:Pelargonium 2095:P. peltatum 2054:Pelargonium 2030:Pelargonium 2008:Cultivation 2002:Pelargonium 1993:Pelargonium 1947:Pelargonium 1943:pollinators 1898:Pelargonium 1870:Lepidoptera 1862:Pelargonium 1843:Pelargonium 1815:New Zealand 1781:(including 1771:Pelargonium 1767:Geraniaceae 1763:Pelargonium 1752:Pelargonium 1744:Pelargonium 1717:Pelargonium 1662:Magnipetala 1646:– 7 species 1644:de Candolle 1637:subsection 1619:subsection 1614:de Candolle 1598:Pelargonium 1544:subsection 1515:subsection 1467:– 7 species 1455:– 9 species 1443:8 sections 1441:Pelargonium 1434:– 3 species 1410:2 sections 1401:– 8 species 1387:de Candolle 1375:(L.) L'Hér. 1356:3 sections 1347:– 8 species 1345:de Candolle 1329:Jenkinsonia 1323:– 4 species 1311:3 sections 1309:Magnipetala 1285:Pelargonium 1255:Turczaninow 1222:Magnipetala 1213:Pelargonium 1192:Pelargonium 1171:Pelargonium 1108:Magnipetala 1065:Jenkinsonia 1053:Pelargonium 1026:Pelargonium 1018:Jenkinsonia 973:de Candolle 966:de Candolle 957:Pelargonium 945:de Candolle 929:Jenkinsonia 849:Pelargonium 841:De Candolle 836:Subdivision 830:zygomorphic 814:Geraniaceae 810:Pelargonium 773:. In 1774, 771:Pelargonium 763:Pelargonium 747:Pelargonium 727:Pelargonium 715:Pelargonium 688:Sarcocaulon 662:Geraniaceae 651:Pelargonium 543:zygomorphic 502:Pelargonium 497:Description 477:, γερανός, 440:Pelargonium 403:Pelargonium 376:Geraniaceae 366:storksbills 276:Pelargonium 234:Pelargonium 219:Magnipetala 161:Pelargonium 150:Geraniaceae 104:Angiosperms 36:Pelargonium 6822:Categories 6652:30302759-2 6282:(1): 307. 6131:Am. J. Bot 5921:Historical 5549:2022-08-30 5488:16 January 5462:16 January 5436:16 January 5410:16 January 5384:16 January 5358:16 January 5332:16 January 5306:16 January 5280:16 January 5254:16 January 5228:16 January 5202:16 January 5176:16 January 5150:16 January 5124:16 January 5098:16 January 5072:16 January 5046:16 January 5020:16 January 4994:16 January 4968:25 January 4912:Sweet 1822 4828:USDA, NRCS 4666:(geranium) 4482:2023-06-02 4429:2013-09-12 4219:magazine.) 4095:2017-09-26 3672:Boddy 2013 3545:References 3531:(L.) Aiton 3458:Pelargonin 3427:hemorrhage 3415:bronchitis 3164:P. lobatum 3144:P. lobatum 3115:P. crispum 2880:Coconut - 2862:Camphor - 2782:P. crispum 2703:P. crispum 2698:P. crispum 2693:P. crispum 2622:domesticum 2427: in). 2339:tetraploid 2247:Dwarf (Dw) 2244:Double (d) 2220:G. Species 2163:domesticum 1811:Asia Minor 1799:Madagascar 1773:itself is 1722:xerophytic 1705:Madagascar 1640:Polyactium 1610:Polyactium 1395:Reniformia 1362:Isopetalum 1341:Myrrhidium 1298:(L.) Aiton 1133:Isopetalum 1097:Polyactium 1085:Polyactium 1077:Polyactium 1049:Reniformia 1041:Myrrhidium 1014:Myrrhidium 978:Reniformia 971:Polyactium 943:Myrrhidium 922:Isopetalum 865:Reniformia 818:hypanthium 686:including 573:staminodes 565:hypanthium 563:to form a 521:succulents 510:herbaceous 493:, crane). 473:πελαργός, 414:plants in 407:indigenous 347:succulents 343:perennials 140:Geraniales 6582:FloraBase 6305:Societies 6261:: 377–380 6230:Phytotaxa 6074:(6 vols.) 6067:(1919) . 6047:(4 vols.) 6040:(1906) . 5842:17 August 5456:'Voodoo'" 5326:'Radula'" 4814:'Hindoo'" 4768:PAGS 2015 4681:PAGS 2015 4636:ISHS 2015 4613:PAGS 2015 4590:PAGS 2015 4329:ignored ( 4319:cite book 4153:: 83–88. 3980:16 August 3453:Chemistry 3431:neuralgia 3320:rose oils 3316:absolutes 3311:distilled 3103:P. radens 3097:P. radens 3082:Cultivars 2988:Orange - 2974:Nutmeg - 2911:Ginger - 2868:Celery - 2856:Balsam - 2818:Almond - 2747:ignescens 2350:P. zonale 2265:Tulip (T) 2156:he named 2137:P. zonale 2114:Cultivars 2107:P. zonale 2058:P. triste 2023:Cape Town 2004:species. 1956:Lavandula 1889:C. tespis 1787:Australia 1726:geophytes 1715:Subgenus 1690:Subgenus 1681:Subgenus 1667:subshrubs 1660:Subgenus 1655:Subgenera 1485:Ligularia 1461:Cortusina 1439:subgenus 1406:subgenus 1383:Peristera 1352:subgenus 1307:subgenus 1282:subgenus 1259:subgenus 1239:subgenus 1219:subgenus 1190:Subgenus 1169:Subgenus 1148:Subgenus 1127:Subgenus 1106:Subgenus 1073:Peristera 1057:Ligularia 1037:subgenera 964:Peristera 936:Ligularia 901:Cortusina 801:in 1790. 719:Dillenius 713:The name 620:Dillenius 597:lobed or 595:palmately 525:geophytes 459:Dillenius 438:The name 426:Etymology 420:cultivars 416:temperate 399:temperate 390:in 1789. 358:geraniums 243:Diversity 210:Subgenera 74:Kingdom: 18:Geraniums 6787:VicFlora 6779:40003118 6774:Tropicos 6543:eFloraSA 6477:Wikidata 6403:cite web 6334:(2015). 6315:(2015). 6212:7 August 6159:10811797 5991:(1822). 5969:(1753). 5930:(1732). 5749:Geranium 5699:: 28–45. 4942:3 August 4846:5 August 4830:(n.d.). 4709:RHS 2015 4659:RHS 2015 4594:About us 4535:3 August 4366:83908634 4278:21205899 4167:85069089 4028:22677167 3949:3 August 3817:3 August 3624:2 August 3472:Chemist 3328:geraniol 3150:(1810). 3066:Spicy - 2999:Peach - 2968:Myrrh - 2945:Lemon - 2937:Lemon - 2921:nervosum 2834:Apple - 2826:Apple - 2778:geraniol 2734:Cultivar 2372:Geranium 2332:hortorum 2314:hortorum 2296:hortorum 2147:hortorum 2038:cuttings 1962:Origanum 1951:hortorum 1917:hortorum 1894:Geranium 1868:of some 1795:Tasmania 1675:Ethiopia 1671:Botswana 1607:section 1595:section 1583:section 1494:section 1482:section 1470:section 1458:section 1449:Campylia 1446:section 1425:section 1416:Ciconium 1413:section 1392:section 1380:section 1359:section 1338:section 1326:section 1317:Chorisma 1314:section 1194:section 1175:Campylia 1173:section 1154:Ciconium 1152:section 1131:section 1112:Chorisma 1110:section 1069:Ciconium 1045:Chorisma 1010:Chorisma 983:section 976:section 969:section 962:section 955:section 948:section 941:section 934:section 927:section 920:section 913:section 906:section 899:section 894:Ciconium 892:section 887:Chorisma 885:section 880:Campylia 878:section 861:Chorisma 853:sections 759:Geranium 751:Geranium 683:Monsonia 677:Geranium 655:Geranium 611:Taxonomy 587:(2014). 577:stigmata 548:Geranium 483:pelargos 481:" (from 463:Geranium 451:pelargós 447:πελαργός 395:Geranium 384:Geranium 371:Geranium 146:Family: 117:Eudicots 6665:1058598 6613:2891602 6483:Q146118 6424:13 July 6393:12 July 6341:19 June 6322:13 July 6296:1219408 6265:14 July 6192:4135485 6151:2656859 6122:1222593 6028:12 July 5959:Gallica 5944:26 July 5911:12 July 5870:23 July 5812:12 July 5784:23 July 5765:31 July 5678:6764146 5670:7863342 5650:Bibcode 5642:Science 4269:3029778 4246:Bibcode 4008:Bibcode 3972:(ed.). 3925:Gallica 3468:Culture 3462:scarlet 3332:eugenol 3307:perfume 3158:– from 3142:– from 3052:Rose - 3044:Rose - 3031:Rose - 3013:Pine - 2962:Lime - 2470:⁄ 2453:⁄ 2439:⁄ 2422:⁄ 2408:⁄ 2316:(Zonal) 2198:usage. 1949:× 1857:Ecology 1833:in the 1831:Socotra 1783:Namibia 1733:Species 1701:Somalia 1697:Namibia 826:nectary 755:Erodium 695:genomes 692:plastid 671:Erodium 599:pinnate 579:in the 569:Stamens 561:pedicel 532:flowers 529:petaled 513:annuals 491:geranos 487:Gerania 412:bedding 339:species 329:) is a 156:Genus: 136:Order: 78:Plantae 6753:PELAR2 6748:PLANTS 6740:322023 6727:372825 6711:NZOR: 6600:124271 6522:111934 6509:193491 6506:APDB: 6373:8 July 6357:25 Jan 6294: 6190: 6157: 6149: 6120: 5902: 5861: 5833: 5803: 5756: 5735: 5676: 5668: 5144:'Joy'" 4511:p. 189 4459: 4401: 4364: 4307: 4276: 4266: 4165: 4026: 3749: 3425:, and 3393:kidney 3389:fevers 3140:ardens 2753:hybrid 2749:) - a 2625:Bailey 2335:Bailey 2299:Bailey 2104:, and 2070:Leiden 1981:, and 1847:Europe 1837:. 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