850:
903:
unable to find any evidence. Following MacBryan's death, the government of Hong Kong kept the documents that were discovered with him. In
October 1955, they were sent to the Colonial Office, which then sent them to MacBryan's third wife, Frances (NA CO 537/1635). Out of all the documents found, the last one had a date of November 3, 1953. Averil Mackenzie-Grieve, Sir Dennis White, the Rajah, and the Ranee all provided distinct versions of MacBryan's demise.
763:, which recognised the princess as the legitimate successor. MacBryan was able to conceal the purported royal regalia in a local bank, eluding investigations by British Intelligence, even though MacDonald tried to recover it. Although MacDonald rejected MacBryan's accusations as careless and a sign of mental instability, the regalia controversy raised questions about the validity of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III's coronation.
612:
trip to London, where Brunei's constitutional position would be renegotiated and
British Malayan Petroleum would be pressured to pay greater royalties. In a concluding letter dated 1 June, which was addressed to MacBryan and was likely prepared by him again via typing, the Sultan made reference to the four earlier letters, informing him:
617:
whatever I was told in all matters ... My sole desire is that from a financial point of view a reasonable resource should be available to me to relieve the distress and suffering of my own people in the particular way I think right and not in the way that the
British Residents and High Commissioners and Agents think right.
487:, it is impossible to confirm if he employed coercion or deception. History textbooks for secondary schools in Malaysia continue to include MacBryan's use of deceit to obtain signatures that allowed Sarawak to be ceded to Britain as a crown colony on 1 July 1946, even in light of the controversy surrounding it.
755:'s head on top. Citing a certificate designating him as the princess' guardian, he charged that the British government was denying her the kingdom. His allegations gained significant attention, as evidenced by images of him wearing the regalia and claims that he was the only one who knew of its customary use.
834:
himself, while Sylvia thought he had starved himself to death. In her final mention of him in her book, she described him as "down-and-out, filthy and in rags," despite having thousands of dollars in the bank. She portrayed him as a man consumed by "charmed and twisted dreams of powers" and admitted,
665:
In a short amount of time, MacBryan understood the Sultan's worries and effectively expressed them in a way that won the Sultan over. Like he had done with Brooke before, his aim was to become an indispensable member of the Sultan's court by using his proficiency in courtly Malay and his knowledge of
446:
to sign letters endorsing whatever move Brooke saw appropriate "in the interest of
Sarawak," even though the letters made no mention of cession. Unexpectedly arriving in Kuching in January 1946, MacBryan carried official documentation to validate Sarawak's cession to Britain through hastily scheduled
359:
before being reappointed as
Private Secretary in January 1941. This job was a part of the compensation he received for helping to arrange a covert financial agreement between the Committee of Administration and the Rajah, which opened the door for Sarawak's written constitution to be adopted in March
758:
MacBryan met with MacDonald on the same day as the unrest around the succession. MacDonald wanted to keep him under control because he was concerned about his stirring up trouble in the newspapers. In support of his claim that the recent coronation was unlawful, he referenced Ahmad
Tajuddin's 1 June
766:
Arriving in Brunei on 11 June, MacBryan did not make contact with the
Resident or local authorities while claiming to be in charge of the late Sultan's affairs. The letters he used to defend his conduct were seen by Grattan-Bellew, who thought his justifications were illogical. His wild ways, which
539:
The Sultan in his heart is deeply dissatisfied, and exemplifies
Asiatic opinion generally. He is not by any means such a fool as he may seem to some. His weakness arises out of his sense of utter frustration. I have repeatedly warned the Colonial Office ... about the dangers of the Brunei Treaty to
517:
with his third wife, Frances, MacBryan returned to
Sarawak on 30 April 1950, with the intention of reviving the Sarawak State Trust Fund for education. Initially, he had attempted to create the fund using the £1,000,000 of state monies that remained in Sarawak. The Colonial Office acknowledged this
627:
The Sultan gave MacBryan permission to serve as his personal and political agent in the United States in order to negotiate with
Standard Oil for the complete development of Brunei's oilfields in the event that the British government continued its "unreasonable attitude." It seems unlikely that he
611:
Even after receiving a pay rise and more oil royalties, the Sultan was still not happy with the British government for not restoring his Istana. Taking advantage of the Sultan's gullibility and unhappiness, MacBryan convinced him to engage in political activities. One such activity was a scheduled
521:
In discussions with prominent authorities like as Arthur Grattan-Bellew, Sarawak's Attorney-General, MacBryan defended his case vehemently, but they stuck to the Colonial Office's line. As asked in the Rajah's proclamation of 14 January 1946, they declined to provide the £1,000,000 from Sarawak's
512:
facilities in spite of his worsening health. He continued to counsel the Colonial Office about Borneo's future during this period, advocating that Brunei and Sarawak be united and that he might convince the Sultan to hand up Brunei to the Crown. He spent the next year in London, however there was
810:
MacBryan kept flooding the Colonial Office with letters from Johannesburg about the Brunei succession and the redrafting of British treaties. He forwarded copies of letters from Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin and Brooke to Brunei's State Council in March 1951, but Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien rejected them
382:
Regarding Sarawak's authority over Limbang, MacBryan successfully negotiated settlements with the Sultan and a delegate of Limbang in February 1941. Subject to permission, the Sultan consented to collect $ 20,000 from Straits for previous sovereign rights and $ 1,000 each year for future rights.
902:
It's noteworthy that there isn't any documentation of a Hong Kong police investigation or coroner's inquest about MacBryan's demise. Furthermore, no information is available on his burial place. The British anthropologist Stephen Morris conducted personal investigations in the 1980s, but he was
616:
I have been very ill for a long time and the cause of it has been mental anguish at the way the oilfields of Brunei have been conceded without consideration of myself or my feelings or of the interests of my people. But I have been helpless because of the Treaties ... which have forced me to do
734:
At a news conference in Singapore on 7 June, MacBryan asserted that Omar Ali Saifuddien's intended coronation would be null and void in the absence of the royal regalia, which he claimed to be in possession of and which included a golden cane shaped like a serpent and dubbed the
682:. This proposal, which was likely concerning to Colonial Office officials already leery of the Sultan's direct talks with the Secretary of State, entailed breaking treaties that restricted Brunei's sovereignty and aiming for a greater portion of the Sultanate's oil production.
771:
and acting strangely, walking about in his undies and defying societal mores, for example, led to his official designation as "of unsound mind" by 17 June. He was sent to Singapore for medical attention, but on the way there he destroyed the navigational equipment of the M.V.
522:
reserve monies to establish the Trust Fund. This rejection, which put an end to his plan he floated as a help for the youth of Sarawak, was a major blow and made his pre-existing mental health problems worse, which had previously resulted in hospital stays in Johannesburg.
525:
During his stay in Kuching in May 1950, MacBryan earned the trust of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin, leveraging a prior friendship facilitated through the Sultan's private secretary, Inche Hassan bin Kulap Mohamed. MacBryan successfully convinced the Sultan to appoint him as
421:. After the Rajah and MacBryan returned to Britain in 1943, he was instrumental in the final discussions with the Colonial Office that resulted in the Rajah's decision to hand over Sarawak's sovereignty to Britain in 1945. MacBryan, despite his dubious past and a
171:, but MacBryan, claiming to have been appointed political adviser by the late Sultan, attempted to assert himself in Brunei's affairs, only to be thwarted by British intervention. In mid-1950, MacBryan, posing as Ahmad Tajuddin's envoy, tried to negotiate with
892:
An arrangement crafted by MacBryan on 5 January 1946, was annulled by a vote of Sarawak's Council Negri in May 1946 and replaced with the Rajah's Dependants Order, which gave yearly life payments to the Rajah's family as well as other individuals, including
690:
Following the death of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin, who had no male heir apparent, MacBryan attempted to usurp Omar Ali Saifuddien's succession and install sixteen-year-old Princess Nor Ehsani as the next monarch, in contravention of the 1937 arrangement with his
175:
and alert the United States about perceived injustices in Brunei's treaties with Britain, while also claiming the Sultan's daughter had a right to the throne similar to British monarchs, but his claims were exposed as fraudulent by British officials led by
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Upon arriving in Singapore on 22 June, MacBryan was detained at the Mental Hospital until mid-August under a Colonial Secretary's order. After his release, he planned to go to London to press the princess' case with the Colonial Office, bringing the
587:. A third letter, signed by the Sultan, argued that Brooke could not have legally ceded Sarawak without consulting him. The Sultan also sought $ 5,000 in tribute from Straits, and MacBryan was given permission to take the matter up with the
530:
for issues outside Brunei and to assist in advocating for constitutional and financial rights in London. This appointment was sanctioned by Britain's Special High Commissioner, Malcolm MacDonald, as it adhered to the provisions of Brunei's
33:
466:
revealed this devious plan, and the Colonial Office was compelled to act in accordance with the constitution. This led to a tight vote in favor of cession on 15 May 1946, and the official annexation of Sarawak and the creation of the
294:
at the time, along with F. F. Boult, the Resident of the Fifth Division. In order to finance the education of Sarawak's European officers' offspring, he convinced Brooke to establish the Rajah of Sarawak Fund in 1930 while he was in
657:
these records, it's also plausible that the Sultan, who was focused on post-war matters and had a tense relationship with British officials, had legitimate concerns expressed in the letters. The contents of the letters, in spite of
478:
Sylvia claims that the cession might not have happened in July 1946 if MacBryan hadn't used force. Historian Bob Reece, however, cast doubt on this assertion, stating that while MacBryan distorted the views of Brooke's brothers,
705:
and groups loyal to him, complicating MacBryan's efforts, as he recounted in a letter to MacDonald on 6 June. Tengku Kelana Jaya Petra was one of the leading opponents. She supported Princess Nor Ehsani and took a strong
731:, to unite all the Muslims in Borneo and the southern Philippines under the banner of a resurrected and reinforced Bruneian Sultanate. Most importantly, he had taken his headgear and Arabian robes with him once more.
628:
had contacted Standard Oil by the middle of 1950, even though he had been investigating this relationship since 1941. The Sultan also gave him instructions to bring Brunei's complaints against Britain before the
726:
had approved the wrong successor, asserting that the rightful heir was Princess Nor Ehsani. It's possible that MacBryan's goal was to wed Tuanku Ehsan in order to carry out his ambitious plan, akin to that of
233:. The "madman" Payne referred to was MacBryan, who reportedly had manic episodes, including appearing naked at a party believing he was invisible, acting like a dog, and stealing from shops and alms-boxes.
192:, Gerard Truman Magill MacBryan was the youngest of Eveline Ada Truman and Dr. Henry Crawford MacBryan's five sons. His father was an Irish physician who ran the first private mental health facility in
811:
because he didn't think they were required. After protesting to the Colonial Office, a resolution was passed prohibiting him from entering Brunei. Nevertheless, he intended to travel there to file a
451:. Additionally, he gave out freshly produced banknotes, purportedly to make up for the datu's lost wages during the Japanese occupation, but in actuality to win their support for the Rajah's scheme.
272:. According to historian Bob Reece, he was an accomplished politician who had an understanding of the Rajah's thinking. As such, Brooke found him to be beneficial in making judgments on his behalf.
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to talk about Brunei's constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom. In letters that were probably written by MacBryan, the Sultan formally named him as his Political Secretary and declared
608:'s daughters, but he was unsuccessful in this quest. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin's 1937 achievement in changing Brunei's succession to benefit his daughter may have served as MacBryan's inspiration.
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and written in a more advanced form of English than the Sultan's. However, the originals, which were supposed to have the Sultan's yellow seal, are nowhere to be found. Although he could have
807:
claiming the late Sultan's desire to renegotiate Brunei's constitutional arrangements and to form a “British Bornean Union” with Sarawak and North Borneo, supported by Brunei's oil revenues.
649:
It is difficult to gauge the degree of MacBryan's influence over the Sultan at this time. Official notaries certified the four letters dated 1 June 1950, written by him on his portable
229:
and Sylvia Brett both kept notes on his strange behaviour; Sylvia related how he would have wild shooting sprees into the night because he would have hallucinations of attacks on his
594:
During his contentious career in Sarawak, MacBryan collaborated with Ranee Sylvia Brooke to change the male succession customs to benefit her daughter Leonora. He also persuaded the
236:
MacBryan spent the first decade of his career in Sarawak, serving as Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke's Private Secretary in the late 1920s. His first posting as a government cadet in
591:. The Sultan also expressed disapproval of Brunei's oilfield exploitation in a fourth letter, granting MacBryan authority to bring up this issue with the Secretary of State.
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rights, plus a further $ 6,000 a year for future rights. There were also presents and pensions given out. The Sultan continued to receive a lower yearly sum even after the
252:, but he stayed in Sarawak because of his strong friendship with Brooke, who called him "wonderful, but nuts." Speaking Malay fluently and being well-liked by both
826:
rather than Singapore, where he had originally intended to visit Sarawak and see Governor Anthony Abell. There, shortly before Christmas 1953, he passed away at a
471:
on July 1. The community leaders signed without understanding the full ramifications, only to discover afterwards that they had been duped. Enraged by the deceit,
874:
Under the guidance of his tutor, Native Officer Abang Hj. Moasili, MacBryan quickly became fluent in Malay and became acquainted with the nuances of jawi writing.
789:
with him. Back in London on 21 August, his attempts to engage with Colonial Office officials about the succession were unsuccessful, and he reportedly suffered a
225:
MacBryan joined the Straits Civil Service's Sarawak administration in 1920 when he was eighteen years old, but word soon got around about his unstable nature.
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under mysterious circumstances. His intentions failing and his mental condition getting worse might have played a part in his death. Brooke believed that he
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in Australia, suggesting a scheme to transport Indonesian and Malay students back to their homelands via submarine in order to obtain intelligence on the
822:
over oil royalties but was unable to get a meeting with officials from the Colonial Office. After arriving back in Johannesburg, he decided to travel to
240:
in 1920 introduced him to Bruneian Sultanate, where he built strong connections and gained insights into the Sultanate's inner workings. His fluency in
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against the British Resident and defend the late Sultan's directives once he had confirmed with the office that his visit would not be opposed.
1514:
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in order to pass his military entrance exams. His father's friend Henry Deshon encouraged him to apply for a cadetship in the Sarawak Service.
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The day after the funeral and Omar Ali Saifuddien's proclamation as Sultan, MacBryan cabled King George VI from Singapore, protesting that
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dossier on him, was assigned the responsibility of obtaining the consent of Sarawak's Chinese and Malay authorities for the handover.
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the whole British Commonwealth system in the East. The British Government would do well to realise that my warning was serious.
248:, helped him navigate Brunei's aristocratic circles and understand the challenges of the declining Sultanate. He suffered from
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839:, which he had brought with him to London, vanished and has never been found again, making its actual importance unclear.
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518:
in March 1946, but in September 1949 it declared that the fund could not be created because it lacked a legal foundation.
422:
854:
710:, which served as a focal point for resistance that was later documented in critical essays in the Singapore periodical
355:
After persuading Brooke to grant him permission to return to Kuching in August 1940, MacBryan worked briefly at the
160:, introduces MacBryan as "a young man who was destined to play a sinister part in the history of the Sarawak Raj."
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for a Colonial Office Conference. His scheme was foiled, nevertheless, by the Colonial Office, which prepared a
1519:
436:, according to local historian Ho Ah Chon, he was assigned as Brooke's private secretary to convince prominent
432:
was made by MacBryan when Brooke sent him to negotiate Sarawak's handover to the British administration. After
279:
268:
in 1924. Realising his brilliance and aptitude, Brooke gave him the moniker "Baron" in honour of the eccentric
208:, where he was once charged with theft. Later, he enrolled at a naval training college, but he pretended to be
303:
limiting benefits to children of pure European blood in all Colonial Services, not just the Sarawak Service.
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468:
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terminated these payments, and MacBryan's influence in Brunei persisted even after it was discovered that a
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168:
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581:, the younger brother of the Sultan, was already holding the highest post beneath the Sultan, that of
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370:'s compensation claims for the loss of their rights in the Limbang area. Aware of the significance
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429:
1095:
622:
Ahmad Tajuddin to MacBryan, 1 June 1950, Rhodes House, Oxford, MSS Pac. s. 83, Vol. 29, Box 4/4.
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had in Borneo, he donned his Arabian robes and headgear on a visit to Brunei in February 1941.
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Private secretary to Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke and political advisor to Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
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1378:
Hussainmiya, B. A. (October 2014). "Malcolm MacDonald and Brunei: Diplomacy with intimacy".
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276:
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138:
1401:""THE LITTLE SULTAN": AHMAD TAJUDDIN II OF BRUNEI, GERARD MACBRYAN, AND MALCOLM MACDONALD"
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582:
411:
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Pengiran Sabtu Kamaludin received a total of Straits $ 60,000 in exchange for the Limbang
209:
414:. But his British security background hindered him, and he was unable to get a job with
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However, MacBryan was later banned from the region for nearly ten years due to various
249:
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205:
204:. In the meantime, his mother passed away the moment he was born. He went to school at
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701:(speech of the Sultan). The late Sultan's intentions were supported by members of the
180:, who then supported Omar Ali Saifuddien III to maintain good relations with Britain.
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Additionally, he gave out freshly produced banknotes, purportedly to make up for the
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462:, but in actuality to win their support for the Rajah's scheme. The Rajah's brother
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and went on to oversee his father's exclusive mental health facility close to Bath.
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Datu Bandar Abang Hj. Mustapha of Sarawak: Some Reflections of His Life and Times
835:"I never dared ask Vyner what he thought about the downfall of his friend." The
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349:
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fiercely objected to his being in Sarawak, so he and his wife had to depart for
265:
982:"Gerard MacBryan, the most eccentric Sarawak officer during the Brooke dynasty"
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in the event of her succession. MacBryan later made this information public in
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670:. Apart from overseeing the Sultan's finances, he had aspirations of bringing
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In June of the following year, he went to witness the formal investiture of
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with Britain. He summarised the Sultan's stance in his opinion as follows:
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and to declare that his daughter was entitled to the same rights as the
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by his sister. On his return to Johannesburg, he published a letter in
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While in London in 1946 and early 1947, MacBryan suffered from serious
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some worry that he would go to Brunei to pursue this. After living in
748:
345:
296:
1096:"'File 61/13 [II] (D 167) Wahabis and pilgrimage to Hedjaz'"
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By 1 June 1950, MacBryan and the Sultan were lodging at Singapore's
508:, which resulted in his theft arrest. He kept checking himself into
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1941. Additionally, he was instrumental in mediating the Sultan
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260:, he assisted in the negotiation of a peace treaty between the
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allegations, match the Sultan's known problems and interests.
330:, returning with the name Haji Abdul Rahman and wearing white
310:. He attempted to return to Sarawak in 1935 when he married a
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793:, including an incident where he tried to direct traffic at
577:. Furthermore, albeit not in the capacity of Heir Apparent,
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was seamlessly managed with British support for his brother
137:
and later meddled in Brunei's affairs, gaining the trust of
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797:. He was subsequently committed to the mental hospital at
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gave back the $ 12,000 that had been offered as a bribe.
1327:
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The official list of the 38 regalia used during Sultan
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MacBryan to Evelyn Hussey, 10 May 1950, Brooke Papers,
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563:, getting ready to travel to London and meet with the
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to endorse this scheme by designating non-elite life
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818:Back in London by August 1951, MacBryan wrote to
496:Mental struggles and influence in post-war Borneo
16:British private secretary to the Rajah of Sarawak
614:
604:. It seems that his goal was to wed one of the
537:
883:Abdur Rahman is another spelling of his name.
571:to be his heir and successor, to be known as
163:After the Sultan's death on 4 June 1950, the
8:
1429:The White Rajahs of Sarawak A Borneo Dynasty
1006:
953:
916:'s 1972 coronation makes no mention of the
572:
314:Malay woman, Sa'erah binte Abdul Kadir, in
31:
20:
338:had supposedly given him. But the native
125:, was notable for his involvement in the
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686:Role in the Bruneian succession crisis
37:MacBryan in 1936 after returning from
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743:, according to Australian journalist
428:The most notable contribution to the
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678:together under the newly reinstated
447:meetings of the Supreme Council and
1459:. Orion Publishing Group, Limited.
589:Secretary of State for the Colonies
565:Secretary of State for the Colonies
378:Negotiations and cession of Sarawak
348:. There, he gained experience as a
322:. He declared that he had made the
292:Governor of the Straits Settlements
1380:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
14:
504:problems, including illusions of
165:succession to the Bruneian throne
1457:Sylvia: Queen of the Headhunters
1384:National University of Singapore
848:
1510:British expatriates in Malaysia
549:Library Oxford, MSS Pac. s. 83.
1361:The Sarawak Government Gazette
533:1905–1906 Supplementary Treaty
106:(9 January 1902 – 1953) was a
1:
1515:British expatriates in Brunei
697:(vizier) and the 1 June 1950
423:British Military Intelligence
404:Australian Naval Intelligence
104:Gerard Truman Magill MacBryan
50:Gerard Truman Magill MacBryan
1530:People with bipolar disorder
855:Order of the Star of Sarawak
776:, which led to more mayhem.
555:Struggle with British policy
144:through connections made in
1450:. Sarawak Literary Society.
1414:. Borneo Research Council.
674:in northern Borneo and the
221:Service to the White Rajahs
188:Born on 9 January 1902, in
1546:
399:deed had been discovered.
1392:10.1017/S0022463414000344
458:'s lost wages during the
30:
1408:Borneo Research Bulletin
780:Health decline and death
280:Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
150:Queen of the Headhunters
110:who initially served as
668:British Resident system
469:Crown Colony of Sarawak
393:British Colonial Office
169:Omar Ali Saifuddien III
1500:British civil servants
708:anti-British sentiment
625:
573:
552:
473:Datu Patinggi Abdillah
1495:People from Wiltshire
1455:Eade, Philip (2007).
1431:. Archipelago Press.
1100:Qatar Digital Library
703:Selangor royal family
402:MacBryan worked with
751:staff with a golden
680:government of Brunei
676:southern Philippines
270:Baron von Munchausen
115:Charles Vyner Brooke
1446:Reece, Bob (1993).
1427:Reece, Bob (2004).
1399:Reece, Bob (2009).
857:(CSS; 22 July 1941)
579:Omar Ali Saifuddien
569:Princess Nor Ehsani
460:Japanese occupation
406:during his wartime
288:Laurence Guillemard
246:noble court dialect
121:and curator at the
1349:, p. 102–103.
1292:, p. 100–101.
584:Pengiran Bendahara
430:history of Sarawak
1466:978-0-297-84788-5
853:Companion of the
824:British Hong Kong
795:Piccadilly Circus
643:The Straits Times
528:Political Advisor
419:Douglas MacArthur
178:Malcolm MacDonald
119:Private Secretary
101:
100:
87:British Hong Kong
83:(aged 50–51)
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1525:Scottish Muslims
1505:British curators
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1359:Sarawak (1941).
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1007:Hussainmiya 2014
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954:Hussainmiya 2014
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914:Hassanal Bolkiah
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900:
894:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
852:
791:mental breakdown
623:
576:
550:
387:'s surrender of
244:, including the
158:Ranee of Sarawak
82:
70:, United Kingdom
59:
57:
35:
21:
1545:
1544:
1540:
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1536:
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1534:
1520:British Muslims
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988:. 24 April 2018
980:
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634:King of England
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621:
557:
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320:Islamic customs
223:
218:
186:
89:
84:
80:
71:
61:
55:
53:
52:
51:
41:
26:
25:Gerard MacBryan
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1374:
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1366:
1363:. p. 473.
1351:
1336:
1334:, p. 103.
1321:
1319:, p. 102.
1306:
1304:, p. 101.
1294:
1282:
1280:, p. 100.
1267:
1252:
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1216:
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1175:
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1112:
1087:
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1053:
1041:
1026:
1024:, p. 148.
1011:
1009:, p. 402.
999:
958:
956:, p. 401.
936:
934:
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769:binge drinking
729:T. E. Lawrence
687:
684:
630:United Nations
619:
556:
553:
542:
497:
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492:
489:
464:Bertram Brooke
379:
376:
362:Ahmad Tajuddin
357:Sarawak Museum
250:manic episodes
222:
219:
217:
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206:Burnham-on-Sea
185:
182:
148:. In her book
142:Ahmad Tajuddin
131:Raj of Sarawak
123:Sarawak Museum
99:
98:
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94:Known for
91:
90:
85:
77:
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62:
60:9 January 1902
49:
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36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1250:, p. 97.
1249:
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1237:
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1225:
1220:
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1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:, p. 95.
1201:
1196:
1193:
1190:, p. 90.
1189:
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1182:
1180:
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1160:
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1133:
1128:
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1122:, p. 91.
1121:
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1101:
1097:
1091:
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1084:
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1067:
1062:
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1054:
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1050:
1045:
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1038:
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747:, was only a
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724:Anthony Abell
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606:Brooke family
603:
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596:State Council
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561:Raffles Hotel
554:
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541:
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502:mental health
495:
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449:Council Negri
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336:King Ibn Saud
333:
332:Arabian robes
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308:misdemeanours
304:
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135:British Crown
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1371:Bibliography
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1166:
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1127:
1115:
1105:15 September
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
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992:15 September
990:. Retrieved
985:
918:tongkat ular
917:
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837:tongkat ular
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787:tongkat ular
786:
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745:Denis Warner
741:tongkat ular
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574:Puteri Besar
558:
547:Rhodes House
538:
524:
520:
515:Johannesburg
506:invisibility
499:
477:
455:
453:
437:
434:World War II
427:
401:
384:
381:
365:
354:
339:
305:
274:
258:Malay people
235:
227:Robert Payne
224:
210:colour-blind
187:
173:Standard Oil
162:
154:Sylvia Brett
149:
103:
102:
81:(1953-00-00)
39:Saudi Arabia
18:
1490:1953 deaths
1485:1902 births
713:Melayu Raya
510:psychiatric
397:counterfeit
364:'s and his
350:stockbroker
200:, close to
156:, the last
1479:Categories
1382:. 45 (3).
1347:Reece 2009
1332:Reece 2009
1317:Reece 2009
1302:Reece 2009
1290:Reece 2009
1278:Reece 2009
1263:Reece 2009
1248:Reece 2009
1236:Reece 2009
1224:Reece 2009
1212:Reece 2009
1200:Reece 2009
1188:Reece 2009
1171:Reece 2009
1159:Reece 2009
1144:Reece 2009
1132:Reece 2009
1120:Reece 2009
1083:Reece 2009
1066:Reece 2009
1049:Reece 1993
1037:Reece 2004
928:References
651:typewriter
184:Early life
127:annexation
56:1902-01-09
1420:0006-7806
1022:Eade 2007
933:Citations
893:MacBryan.
820:The Times
804:The Times
767:included
655:falsified
316:Singapore
282:with the
190:Wiltshire
64:Wiltshire
774:Tenggiri
721:Governor
638:daughter
620:—
543:—
412:Japanese
389:taxation
385:pengiran
367:Pengiran
284:K.C.M.G.
231:bungalow
108:Scotsman
986:KajoMag
843:Honours
813:lawsuit
753:serpent
672:Muslims
660:forgery
485:Anthony
481:Bertram
444:Kuching
416:General
312:Kuching
286:by Sir
238:Limbang
216:Sarawak
194:England
146:Kuching
133:by the
68:England
1463:
1435:
1418:
832:hanged
749:rattan
739:. The
491:Brunei
346:London
318:using
297:London
290:, the
277:Sultan
262:Kayans
139:Sultan
1404:(PDF)
862:Notes
828:motel
799:Epsom
761:titah
699:titah
694:wazir
408:exile
372:Arabs
334:that
328:Mecca
266:Ibans
254:Dayak
242:Malay
112:Rajah
1461:ISBN
1433:ISBN
1416:ISSN
1107:2024
994:2024
666:the
601:datu
483:and
456:Datu
439:Datu
341:datu
324:hajj
301:deed
264:and
256:and
202:Bath
79:1953
76:Died
46:Born
1388:doi
636:'s
442:in
326:to
198:Box
129:of
117:'s
1481::
1412:40
1410:.
1406:.
1386:.
1339:^
1324:^
1309:^
1270:^
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1178:^
1151:^
1098:.
1073:^
1056:^
1029:^
1014:^
984:.
961:^
940:^
716:.
646:.
152:,
66:,
1469:.
1441:.
1422:.
1394:.
1390::
1109:.
996:.
920:.
58:)
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
